WHAT IS CULTURE?
Culture is the totality of human achievements in production,
social and spiritual terms.
Culture is the product of the creative work of the spirit on natural conditions.
Material
the totality of all material
values, values
created
certain
culture,
her
materialized component
Spiritual
established
V
society
norms and morals that have developed
ideas about beauty,
religious views and scientific
ideas
First, everyone’s spiritual world
man and his activities
creating spiritual products
Secondly, the products of spiritual
activities. Toward spiritual culture
include religion, science,
education, art,
language, writing, etc.
It is made up of rules
standards, models and norms
behavior,
laws,
values,
rituals,
symbols, myths, knowledge,
ideas, customs, language Edward Hopper. "Cafe-machine"
Ivan Aivazovsky. "The Ninth Wave"
Worldview and philosophical,
meaningful in life
values
express
basics
human
existence, the relationship between man and the world.
Key concepts: life and death,
time, fate, memory, nature,
space, relationships with others
people
humanism,
individuality Moral values govern relationships
between people from a position of confrontation
due and prescribed. They are related to
statement of fairly strict unwritten
laws - principles, regulations, commandments,
taboos, prohibitions and norms. Honesty, work, friendship,
love, tact, politeness and so on.
Frida Kahlo. Just a few small scratches Aesthetic value embodies ideal
ideas about what should be, about perfection, about
integrity
And
expediency. Beautiful, sublime,
tragic
And
comic
basic
aesthetic values.
Leonardo da Vinci. Vitruvian Man FORMS OF CULTURE
by purpose
Elite
difficult to understand
addressed to
professionals and
privileged
members of society
Folk
is created
unknown
creators
addressed to the people
Mass
addressed to the masses
in society
consumption
Universal
understandable to everyone
members of society FORMS OF CULTURE
by coverage
Dominant
Majority culture
population
(dominant
spiritual values)
Subculture
Social group culture
(small cultural worlds).
Differs in system
values, language, manner
behavior, clothing, etc.
Counterculture
Current denying
dominant values
culture PROBLEMS OF SPIRITUAL CULTURE
What should art reflect: the truth of life or high ideals?
What should art awaken: feelings or thoughts?
Are there objective indicators of a masterpiece, great art,
great literature?
Is it worth separating the personality of the author from the work he created? MORALITY AND MORALITY OF SPIRITUAL CULTURE
Morality - rules governing behavior; spiritual and
spiritual qualities necessary for a person in society, as well as
compliance with these rules, behavior.
Morality is the rules of morality, as well as morality itself.
Moral principles are internal moral frameworks
an individual or a group, a community or the whole
society as a whole.
Humanism is humanity in social activities, in
attitude towards people. THE APPEARANCE OF MORALITY
Morality
reaction
on
mutual
isolation of people in a community.
Formed parallel to formation
states,
simultaneously
With
the emergence of political society
How
compensation
such
connections
And
dependencies that are installed with
with the help of force.
Morality arises as a mechanism of culture,
which
promotes
overcoming
isolation and alienation between people,
creating normative and spiritual conditions
for their unity. UNIVERSAL MORAL PRINCIPLES
The talion principle. An eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth
The Golden Rule of Morality: Treat others as you would like to be treated.
others did to you
The principle of the golden mean: avoid extremes, observe moderation
The Greatest Happiness Principle: Providing happiness to as many people as possible
Principle of justice
First principle: Every person should have equal rights to fundamental freedoms.
Second principle: social and economic inequalities should be arranged so that:
(a) they could reasonably be expected to benefit everyone, and (b) access to provisions and
positions would be open to everyone.
Cultural institutions - religious organizations - corresponding activities of people. Goal: To introduce the essence of fundamental values and the main functions of culture. A cultured person is tolerant and tolerant. Spiritual-theoretical (production of spiritual goods and values). Initially (Latin) – “cultivation, tillage. Why is culture needed? World and national Material and spiritual. - Science - morality - religion - philosophy - art - scientific institutions.
“Scientific and technological revolution” - Restructuring of the energy sector. Revolutionary path. Technopolises. Extraordinary acceleration of scientific and technological transformations. Characteristic features of scientific and technological revolution. Intellectualization. R&D funding by region of the world. Cosmization. Traits of NTR. Examples of evolutionary and revolutionary changes. Evolutionary path. What functions do equipment and technology perform? Technoparks and technopolises. Improving already known technology.
“Spirituality” - The most important elements of human spirituality are values, morals, and worldview. The most important are moral standards. Moral attitudes of the individual have been studied by major philosophers. Who sets moral standards? There is also conscience, patriotism, citizenship. There is a main universal requirement called the “golden rule” of morality. What role does worldview play in people’s activities?
"Worldview" - Hungarian crossword puzzle. The concept of the categorical imperative. Everyday worldview. We all walk under one God, although we do not believe in one. Strong point. A call for peace. The role of worldview in human activity. Hatred is strong enmity, disgust towards someone or something. About wealth. Worldview. Turn to the person. About helping those in need. Types of worldview. One of the classifications of types of worldviews.
“Social cognition” - In the narrow sense, a knowable object. Features of social cognition. In a narrow sense - a cognizing person, endowed with will and consciousness. Types of social facts. Subject. An object. The applicability of the experiment is limited. Cognition -. In a broad sense, society. Establishing social patterns is extremely difficult. A concrete historical approach to social phenomena. Social studies 10th grade.
“Philosophy and Science” - Cultural studies appeared in the 19th century. What does cultural studies study? Science and philosophy. The doctrine of good and values. Archeology. Philosophy. The ancestor of sciences is philosophy. Sociology. Philosophy as a social science. The doctrine of being. Culturology. Classification of social sciences and humanities. Civil history. Russell. What methods does sociology use? Story. Physical chemistry. Social Sciences. What is history?
Class: Grade 10
Item: social science
The purpose of the lesson: promote students' understanding of what culture is and what its types are.
Lesson type: lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge
Used textbooks and teaching aids: Social studies, textbook for 10th grade students. general educational institutions, basic level, edited by L.N. Bogolyubov. M., Education, 2010.
Methodological literature used: Social science. Guidelines. A basic level of. Edited by L.N. Bogolyubov M., Enlightenment. 2006
Plan for learning new material
1. Spiritual activity.
2. What is culture. Traditions and innovation in culture.
3. Functions of culture.
4. Forms and varieties of culture.
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Repetition of covered material
1. Remember the main areas of public life and briefly describe them.
2. How do the spheres of society function?
Each sphere of social life is characterized by a certain independence, but at the same time, they not only interact, but also mutually determine each other.
For example: influence of the political sphere on culture:
– the state pursues a certain policy in the field of culture
– cultural figures in their works, in their creativity, reflect political views and positions
3. Summarize:
– the spiritual sphere is closely connected with other spheres of social life
– along with the economic, political, social sphere, the spiritual sphere occupies an important place in the activities of human society.
II. Learning new material
Thus, the spiritual life of society arises on the basis of human practical activity and is a form of reflection of the surrounding world and a means of interaction with it.
Spiritual life includes: taken together they constitute
Spiritual life is one of the subsystems of society and the elements of the spiritual sphere are
Culture is the subject of study of many sciences - (list which sciences study culture) - history, sociology, philosophy and anthropology. One of the culturologists counted more than 200 definitions of cultures in modern humanitarian knowledge.
Where does culture begin?
Bees building honeycombs do not create culture; they reproduce for millions of years what is inherent in them by nature.
The man who created the stone axe, machines and machines, airplanes and trains created something new that does not exist in nature.
Those. We classify everything created by man that is not nature as culture.
In the broad sense of the word, we can say that culture is the transformative, creative activity of man in relation to nature.
Culture is like a “second nature” created by man himself.
In the narrow sense of the word, is culture used to characterize the material and spiritual development of certain historical eras, specific societies, nationalities, nations?
For example:
ancient culture
Mayan culture
art culture
work culture
culture of life, etc.
those. In a narrow sense, the term culture refers to the sphere of spiritual life of society.
Question for students. Define what activities and activities are.
Activity – a specific type of human activity aimed at improving the world around us and oneself.
In connection with the existence of two types of activity, material and spiritual, two main spheres of cultural development can be distinguished.
Traditions (continuity) and innovation are important in spiritual culture.
The accumulation of cultural values proceeds in two directions: vertical and horizontal.
Traditions –
elements of heritage passed on from generation to generation.
Values, customs, rituals can be traditional. (vertical)
For example: (students)
– the spring holiday of Maslenitsa has been familiar since the times of the ancient Slavs
– the etiquette rule of letting women go first came to us from the period of matriarchy.
Innovation
– manifestation of new things in creative activity.
Man is a creator by nature. We create even when we perceive what others have created.
So reading "War and Peace"
- some are imbued with interest and sympathy for the quest of Natasha Rostova;
– others are touched by the peculiar patriotism of Pierre Bezukhov;
– the third closest is Andrei Bolkonsky’s statement that “in life you need to avoid only two things: illness and remorse”
Each era gives rise to its creators, innovators who make outstanding scientific discoveries and sometimes brilliant works of art.
True, it also happens that these creations do not find recognition among their contemporaries. But if these are genuine spiritual values, then their time has come and subsequent generations will pay tribute to them. For example, paintings by impressionist artists.
_______________________________________________________________________
Culture performs a number of very important functions in the life of a person and society.
III. Working with textbook text
Highlight the functions of culture
– adaptation to the environment (the most ancient man learned to make fire and made a stone ax) is the most ancient function of culture.
– accumulation, storage and transfer of cultural values (Rublev “Trinity”, Assumption Cathedral, chronicles) culture preserves the heritage accumulated over centuries, which remains the foundation of the creative searches of humanity and this function allows a person to determine his place in the world.
– goal-setting and regulation of the life of society and human activity (Beauty, Goodness, Truth, Justice, Benefit, Power, Freedom) within the framework of this function, values regulating the lives of people and their activities are created)
– socialization of new generations (children raised by animals) this function allows each person to acquire a system of knowledge, norms and values that allow him to adapt to life in human society.
– communicative functions (communication) this function allows the development of personality through communication
Match the functions of culture with the given examples
In life we encounter a wide variety of cultures. There is national and world culture, secular and religious, Western and Eastern, etc.
Looking at a world map, we understand that cultures can be defined by race and nationality.
Now there are no isolated cultural communities left on Earth. Scientific and technological progress, information technology, the development of transport, and increased mobility of the population entail international culture, the creation of a single cultural space for different nations and nationalities. A striking example is the culture of our country, a multinational and multi-religious country.
1. Veliky Novgorod (wooden architecture)
2. Moscow (St. Blessed Cathedral)
3. Kazan (the symbol of Kazan is the dragon Zilant)
4. Vladimir – (Church of the Intercession on the Nerl)
5. Krasnodar (monument to the Cossacks)
6. Volgograd (stella to the defenders of the Motherland)
7. Yakutsk (monument to Mammoth)
8. Anadyr (sculptural composition to the workers of the north)
9. Far East (turtle of the Bohai Kingdom of the 7th century AD found in the 19th century)
When talking about cultural diversity, this refers to three forms of culture - folk, mass, elite and its two varieties - subculture And counterculture.
Identify forms of culture from the videos.
Identify the characteristic features of each form of culture.
Folk
– folklore, morals, customs, folk music (forms)
– amateur
– collective
– multi-genre
– has no author
Mass
– aimed at mass consumers
– simplicity, accessibility
– commercial orientation
It was formed simultaneously with the society of mass production and consumption.
Elite
– designed for a narrow circle of consumers
– difficult for an untrained person to understand
– created by a privileged part of society, or at its request by professional creators.
Mass and elite cultures are not hostile to each other.
The achievements of elite art are adopted by mass culture, raising its level, and mass culture, which generates profit, makes it possible to support the “creators” of elite art.
Thus, culture has always been the main source of man’s creative aspirations, the main meaning of his existence. It is culture that makes us intelligent, positively thinking, humane beings with moral positions and obligations. Culture is the soul of society. Thanks to and with the help of culture, we discern values and become able to make choices.
“Culture represents the main meaning and main value of the existence of both individual peoples and small ethnic groups, and states. Outside of culture, their independent existence deprives them of meaning.”
D.S. Likhachev
IV. Reinforcing the completed topic “Culture and Spiritual Life”
Part A
A1. The word “culture” originally meant
1) rules of behavior in society
2) creation of artificial nature
3) methods of cultivating the land
4) ways of producing new knowledge
A2.Definition: “The result of the activities of man and society, the totality of material and spiritual values created by man” refers to the concept
1) art
2) creativity
3) science
4) culture
A3. Are the following statements about culture true?
A. Culture is a set of values, the general level of intellectual, moral, and aesthetic development of people.
B. Culture is a set of historically established forms of joint activity.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A4. Spiritual culture includes
1) equipment
2) art
3) building
4) computer
A5. Are the following statements about the subculture correct?
A. Subculture is a set of norms and values of the culture of the criminal layer of society.
B. Subculture is an autonomous integral formation within the dominant culture that determines the lifestyle and thinking of its carriers.
1) only A is correct
2) only B is correct
3) both judgments are correct
4) both judgments are incorrect
A6. Definition of culture: “Culture created by a privileged part of society, or at its request, by professional creators” refers to the concept
1) folk culture
2) mass culture
3) litarian culture
4) national culture
Part B
IN 1. Establish a correspondence between types of culture and their objects: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column
Cultural objects Types of culture
A) plastic 1) material culture
B) musical image 2) spiritual culture
B) Japanese rock garden
D) painting
D) hack of primitive man
| A | ||||
AT 2. Find concepts related to material culture in the list below and write them in ascending order.
1) religious teaching
2) TV
3) music
4) equipment
5) scientific discovery
6) machine
Keys:
Part A Part B
A1 – 3 B1. a – 2 b – 1 c – 2 d – 1 d – 1
A2 – 4 B2 2 4 6
A3 – 1
A5 – 2
A6 – 3
A7 – 3
4 correct answers – “3”;
6 correct answers – “4”;
8 correct answers – “5”.
V. Homework
Write an essay: “Culture always implies the preservation of previous experience.” (Yu. Lotman)
Essay writing algorithm:
1. Reveal the meaning of the statement.
2. Expand the topic based on relevant concepts, theoretical principles and conclusions.
3. Use facts and examples drawn from various sources:
a) media reports;
b) materials of educational subjects (history, literature, geography);
c) facts of personal social experience and own observations.
Thus... (you can return to the first lines of the essay)
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Slide captions:
Culture and spiritual life of society Grade 10 Teacher Boykova V.Yu.
Preliminary questions Why does society need culture? What benefits does it bring? How do you assess your personal level of culture?
Remember the definition of culture you know? Types of culture
Spiritual life is a sphere of activity of man and society, which embraces the wealth of human feelings and achievements of the mind, unites both the assimilation of accumulated spiritual values and the creative creation of new ones.
Spiritual life N of Society Personality - Morality - Religion - Philosophy - Art - Institutions of science, culture - Religious bodies - Science, i.e. Spiritual activity of people Spiritual world: -knowledge -faith -emotions, experiences -needs -abilities -aspirations -worldview...
Spiritual activity of people Spiritual-theoretical Spiritual-practical Production of spiritual goods and values: thoughts, ideas, theories, ideals, art. samples Preservation, reproduction, distribution, dissemination, consumption of created goods and values The final result is a change in people's consciousness
The concept of culture Cicero -1st century BC From the 17th century - that which is invented by man, man, nature, Creative activity, Culture, Cultivation
The concept of culture - culture is all types of transformative activities of man and society, as well as all its results. It is the historical totality of the industrial, social and spiritual achievements of mankind.
The concept of culture From a narrower point of view: culture is a special sphere of social life, where the spiritual efforts of humanity, the achievements of the mind, the manifestation of feelings and creative activity are concentrated. This understanding of culture is close to defining the spiritual sphere of society's life
Sciences of culture, culture, history and sociology, ethnography, linguistics, archeology, aesthetics, ethics and art criticism
Development of culture Culture is a complex, multifaceted and dynamic phenomenon. The development of culture is a two-pronged process: Experience, traditions (Stable element) Innovation (dynamics)
Functions of culture Write out independently from pp. 81-82
Functions of culture 1. Adaptations to the environment 2. Accumulation, storage, transmission of cultural values 3. Setting goals and regulating the life of society and human activity 4. Socialization 5. Communication function
Diversity of cultures Dialogue of cultures Academician D. S. Likhachev: “True cultural values develop only in contact with other cultures, grow on rich cultural soil and take into account the experience of neighbors. Can grains develop in a glass of distilled water? Maybe! “But until the grain’s own strength is exhausted, then the plant dies very quickly.”
Diversity of cultures Dialogue of cultures Mutual exchange and interaction of cultures Overcoming borders Preservation of originality What problems may arise in connection with the internationalization of cultures?
Types of culture Type of culture Features Who is created Who is the mass elite oriented towards? Fill out the table
Types of culture Subculture - part of the general culture, a system of values inherent in a certain group (children's, youth, women's, ethnic, criminal, etc.) Counterculture - opposition and alternative to the dominant culture in society
Homework Paragraph 8, assignments and document (oral) essay