Solid toilet soap: features, types, GOST and reviews. Toilet soap Toilet soap, solid bar brand, ordinary

Solid toilet soap seems to be a long-known cosmetic product for personal hygiene. But few people are familiar with its history, manufacturing standards and other tricks. Recently, homemade soap making has become increasingly popular, and manufacturers pamper with magnificent aromas and natural ingredients. Store shelves are literally bursting with a huge assortment designed to suit every taste and budget.

Ancient recipes

The first mentions of solid toilet soap were found on clay tablets of the ancient Sumerians. These historical artifacts are already about 3000 years old, and the compositions on them are not much different from modern recipes. In ancient Babylon, as now, they used a fat base, and wood ash as an absorbent.

They were also familiar with soap firsthand in ancient Egypt; papyrus describing the use of soap is at least 3,500 years old. Initially, Egyptian recipes were similar to Sumerian ones, but later they began to replace ash with a natural mineral - soda.

Soap was used for personal hygiene, washing and washing wool. In addition, it was actively used in the treatment of skin diseases.

Soap making began on a commercial scale during the Middle Ages. The French king was an ardent fan of luxury and expensive fragrances, and it was thanks to him that essential oils began to be added to soap. These precious blocks were available only to the nobles and clergy.

Main characteristics

In the modern world, solid toilet soap is also intended for personal hygiene. It consists of natural or synthetic fatty acids and salts, various perfumes, plant extracts and other components that further determine its classification.

The main task of soap is to wash away dirt and bacteria from the surface being cleaned. This is achieved due to the alkaline environment, which actively removes impurities and a thin layer of sebum that protects against harmful microorganisms and infections. The top layer of the epidermis loosens and intensively loses moisture. Therefore, when washing dry and sensitive skin, it is better to use mild, alkali-free products and carefully read the composition indicated on the packaging. To protect the epidermis from damage, it is advisable to use a cream after cleansing.

Soap classification

According to the All-Russian Classifier, the cosmetic product belongs to class 91. According to GOST 28546-2002 “General technical conditions. Solid toilet soap”, depending on consumer properties, is divided into four brands:

• neutral;
• extra;
• children's;
• ordinary.

The main requirement for any stamp is the integrity of the piece, without visible damage or cracks, as well as a clear and even stamp. High foaming is also considered a prerequisite. The presence of a certificate for solid toilet soap at any retail outlet is strictly mandatory and is a guarantor of the quality and safety of the cosmetic product.

There is also another type of soap that is not included in GOST standards. Glycerin - has a translucent or transparent base. Unlike ordinary soap, it is boiled with glycerin, thereby eliminating harmful alkali. This product foams perfectly, moisturizes and cares for the skin.

Ingredients used

The main composition of solid toilet soap includes vegetable and animal fats, as well as their derivatives. In addition to them, it is allowed to use in production:

• soda ash;
• table salt;
• whitening components;
• titanium dioxide;
• boric acid;
• perfume fragrances;
• dyes;
• zinc white;
• moisturizing components;
• lanolin and others.

“Neutral” and “Extra” must be produced only in packaging that must indicate: composition, expiration date, date of manufacture, manufacturer, storage conditions, barcode and trademark. "Children's" and "Ordinary" can be produced without wrapper.

Types of soap

According to their intended purpose, the funds are divided into the following subgroups:

• General purpose hygienic soap (for normal and oily skin). It usually contains no additional caring components, only dyes and fragrances.
• Hygienic special (for normal and oily skin). Contains special fat-based components that leave a protective film.
• Disinfectant and therapeutic and prophylactic. Contains disinfecting and medicinal components.

Main Differences

The “Neutral” and “Extra” types are of higher quality; they contain highly purified components, plant extracts and high-quality fragrances. When manufacturing such products, the composition must contain at least 78% fatty acids. These can be rendered edible animal fats of the highest grade, as well as coconut oil.

“Neutral” is distinguished by the absence of potassium and sodium carbonates, while “Extra” contains no more than 0.2% of the total mass. These brands are the hardest; due to their low swelling properties, they soften less and do not “melt” when interacting with water. According to consumer reviews, after using this soap, the skin remains smooth and soft, without a feeling of tightness.

"Children's" solid toilet soap is made with the least alkali content to avoid irritation and allergies on delicate skin. In addition, manufacturers often add decoctions of chamomile, string and other beneficial herbs during production to help fight diaper rash.

“Ordinary” solid toilet soap is of the lowest quality. Its lower grade is due to the possibility of using synthetic components, unlike other brands. Reviews about the use of such soap are most often negative; many consumers complain about dry skin and tightness. This product is especially not recommended for sensitive skin.

Natural soap

In the manufacture of this product, only gentle ingredients are used. This eliminates the risk of allergies, irritation and other troubles. In the recipe, salts are replaced with saponins - plant extracts from soap root, horse chestnut, violet or Tartary soap grass. They have good cleansing properties and foam perfectly.

GOST 28546-2002

Group P16

INTERSTATE STANDARD

TOILET SOAP, SOLID

General technical conditions

Hard toilet soap. General specifications

MKS 71.100.70
OKP 91 4420

Date of introduction 2004-02-01

Preface

1 DEVELOPED by the Interstate Technical Committee for Standardization MTK 238 “Vegetable Oils and Processed Products” and the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fats (VNIIZH)

INTRODUCED by Gosstandart of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Minutes No. 22 of November 6, 2002)

The following voted for adoption:

3 By Decree of the State Committee of the Russian Federation for Standardization and Metrology dated March 11, 2003 N 71-st, the interstate standard GOST 28546-2002 was put into effect directly as the state standard of the Russian Federation from February 1, 2004.

4 INSTEAD GOST 28546-90


INTRODUCED: amendment published in IUS N 11 2003, amendment published in IUS N 5 2005

Amendments made by the database manufacturer

1 area of ​​use

1 area of ​​use

This standard applies to solid toilet soap made from sodium salts of natural or natural and synthetic fatty acids with (or without) additives, intended for personal hygiene purposes.

Safety requirements for solid toilet soap for the life and health of people are set out in Section 6.

2 Normative references

This standard uses references to the following standards:

GOST 12.1.005-88 System of occupational safety standards. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air of the working area

GOST 202-84 Zinc whitewash. Specifications

GOST 790-89 Solid laundry soap and toilet soap. Acceptance rules and measurement techniques

GOST 1045-73 Technical animal fat. Specifications

GOST 2263-79 Technical caustic soda. Specifications

GOST 4225-76 Perfume oil. Specifications

GOST 5100-85 Technical soda ash. Specifications

GOST 6034-74 Dextrins. Specifications

GOST 6824-96 Distilled glycerin. General technical conditions

GOST 7699-78 Potato starch. Specifications

GOST 9808-84 Pigment titanium dioxide. Specifications

GOST 10766-64 Coconut oil. Specifications

GOST 11078-78 Purified caustic soda. Specifications

GOST 13830-97* Table salt. General technical conditions
_______________
* GOST R 51574-2000 is in force on the territory of the Russian Federation.

GOST 14192-96 Marking of cargo

GOST 15846-2002 Products sent to the Far North and equivalent areas. Packaging, labeling, transportation and storage

GOST 18704-78 Boric acid. Specifications

GOST 18992-80 Coarse polyvinyl acetate homopolymer dispersion. Specifications

GOST 21802-84 Coniferous chlorophyll-carotene paste. Specifications

GOST 23239-89 Synthetic fatty acids of fractions C-C, C-C, C-C, C-C, C-C, C-C. Specifications

GOST 24364-80 Organic dyes. Disperse yellow 3. Specifications

GOST 25292-82 Rendered edible animal fats. Specifications

GOST 26160-84 Printing inks. Test method for resistance to reagents

3 Definitions

In this standard, the following terms with corresponding definitions apply:

homogeneous: Soap that is equally colored across the cut.

Crack: A narrow depression in the surface caused by a break in the natural uniformity of the surface of a bar of soap.

effusion: The presence of droplets of moisture on the surface of a bar of soap.

streak: A long, even trail of a different color shade or coloration without disturbing the surface of a bar of soap.

interlayer: A thin layer of a substance that differs in structure and color from the main mass of a piece of soap.

stain: An area of ​​different color or texture on the surface of a bar of soap.

fuzzy stamp: An imprint on a piece of soap in which at least one element of the inscription and (or) design remains indistinguishable.

deformation: Distortion of the shape of a bar of soap compared to that provided in the technical document.

speckles: Particles of dried soap that feel harder to the touch than the soap itself.

nominal mass: The mass of soap, conventionally (generally) designated.

4 Classification

4.1 Solid toilet soap, depending on the main consumer properties, is divided into the following brands: “Neutral” (N), “Extra” (E), “Children’s” (D), “Ordinary” (O).

4.2 Solid toilet soap of each brand must have an individual name.

(Amendment. IUS N 11-2003).

5 General technical requirements

Solid toilet soap must be produced in accordance with the requirements of this standard, technological regulations or instructions, as well as recipes and other technical documents for a specific brand of soap approved by product manufacturers.

5.1 Characteristics

5.1.1 The organoleptic characteristics of solid toilet soap must correspond to the characteristics specified in Table 1.

Table 1

(Amendment. IUS N 11-2003).

5.1.2 It is permissible for the surface to be abraded and for the presence of a flash (side) on a piece of soap that does not impair the presentation of the piece of soap.

5.1.3 Soap dots are allowed for the “Neutral”, “Extra” and “Children’s” brands - no more than 10, for the “Ordinary” brand - no more than 15.

5.1.4 Traces from suction cups on the edge of a bar of soap are allowed for all brands.

5.1.5 It is allowed for soap of all brands to weaken the intensity of the odor of the soap by the end of its shelf life*.
______________


(Amendment. IUS N 11-2003).

5.1.6 Applying a pattern, special corrugation or pattern, an artistically designed stamp to the surface of a piece of soap - in accordance with the technical document for soap of an individual name.

(Amendment. IUS N 11-2003).

5.1.7 Sales of toilet soap from the manufacturer should be made no earlier than 24 hours from the date of its manufacture.

5.1.8 In terms of physical and chemical parameters, solid toilet soap must comply with the standards specified in Table 2.

table 2

5.1.9 Solid toilet soap is produced in the form of pieces of different nominal weights while maintaining the quality quantity in accordance with the standards given in Table 2.

5.1.10 Standards for the indicator “Initial foam volume” are given in Appendix A.

5.2.1 For the production of toilet soap of all brands, it is recommended to use the following fatty raw materials:

- rendered edible animal fat: beef, pork, lamb of the highest and first grades, as well as combined fat in accordance with GOST 25292;

- coconut oil according to GOST 10766;

- palm kernel oil with a freezing point of fatty acids (titer) of 20-28 °C;

- refined palm oil with a freezing point of fatty acids (titer) of 40-47 °C;

- refined palm stearin with a freezing point of fatty acids (titer) of 46.5-54.4 °C;

- refined palm olein according to contract parameters;

- fatty acids from edible animal fat: beef, pork, lamb, prefabricated fat;

- fatty acids of palm oil or fatty acids of palm stearin according to contract indicators;

- technical animal fat of the 1st grade according to GOST 1045;

- technical lubricant grade 1;

- fatty acids of technical animal fat, distilled 1st and 2nd grade;

- fatty acids of technical lard for toilet soap, distilled and undistilled, fatty acids of technical lard from cottonseed oil, distilled;

- synthetic fatty acids C-C fractions according to GOST 23239.

It is allowed to use ready-made soap base and soap shavings produced by other manufacturers.

The use of synthetic fatty acids in the production of soap of the Neutral, Extra and Children's brands is not allowed.

If other raw materials are used, they must be of a quality no lower than that listed.

5.2.2 For the production of solid toilet soap, it is recommended to use the following auxiliary substances approved for use by health authorities:

- purified caustic soda according to GOST 11078;

Technical caustic soda according to GOST 2263, aqueous solution with a mass fraction of 40-50%;

- table salt according to GOST 13830 and;

- technical soda ash according to GOST 5100;

- boric acid according to GOST 18704;

- bleaching agents:

titanium dioxide pigment grades A-01, A-1, R-1, R-02 according to GOST 9808;

dry zinc whitewash grades BTSO-M, BTSO according to GOST 202;

optical brighteners (for example, "Tino-pal");

- fattening substances:

neutral deodorized lanolin;

lanolin anhydrous;

moisturizing cream formula "Mustella";

deodorized mink oil according to contract specifications;

Arctic fox fat deodorized according to contract parameters;

mink oil according to contract indicators;

wheat germ oil;

distilled glycerin according to GOST 6824;

refined olive oil;

cotton palmitine according to contract indicators;

- plasticizers and antioxidants:

antibacterial agent "Dick";

alaplast-3;

Antal P-2;

distilled monoglycerides;

- dyes:

organic dispersed yellow 3 according to GOST 24364;

organic rhodamine grades C, 2C, 4C;

fluorescein;

organic acid yellow methanil for leather;

organic vat bright orange grade D;

direct turquoise light-resistant brand 4K;

organic vat scarlet brand 2Zh;

microbiological carotene in oil;

- pigments:

yellow light-resistant brand TP;

yellow light-resistant grades 23V, VS-0, 3 TP;

green phthalocyanine grade BC-0;

green phthalocyanine grades V, Zh;

green TP;

blue phthalocyanine B, BC-0, , ;

blue phthalocyanine TP;

orange durable brand VS-0;

Perfuming substances , , ;

- extracts from plant materials:

oil plant extracts;

oil extracts of medicinal plants;

CO - complex extracts N 21-27, N 28-30;

refrigerant plant extracts (concentrated);

stabilized plant extracts;

coniferous chlorophyll-carotene paste according to GOST 21802;

saponified kelp concentrate;

mineral concentrate from kelp;

kelp extract;

propolis oil extract;

- apilaki;

- monoethanolamides;

- adhesive substances;

- polyvinyl acetate dispersion according to GOST 18992;

- dextrins according to GOST 6034;

- potato starch according to GOST 7699;

- perfume oil according to GOST 4225.

If other excipients are used, they must be of a quality no lower than those listed.

5.2.3 The specific list and ratio of components of fatty raw materials and excipients are established by recipes for a specific brand of soap.

5.2.4 Refinement of fatty raw materials to improve quality is carried out in accordance with the technological documentation.

5.3 Packaging

5.3.1 Containers and packaging materials are made from materials that meet the requirements of regulatory documents that ensure the safety and integrity of toilet soap during its shelf life*. The recommended list of regulatory documents for containers and packaging materials is given in Appendix B.
_____________
* For the Russian Federation - “shelf life”.

(Amendment. IUS N 11-2003).

5.3.2 Solid toilet soap of the "Children's" and "Ordinary" brands is produced in wrapper and without wrapper, and soap of the "Neutral" and "Extra" brands is produced only in wrapper.

The paper wrapper of solid toilet soap may consist of one, two or three layers.

5.3.3 The paints on the label must be light, water and alkali resistant; The alkali resistance of label paints must be at least four points according to GOST 26160. It is allowed not to control the alkali resistance of paints when using three-layer wrapping.

The printing on the label must be clear, without shifts, blurring, bleeding or stains.

5.3.4 The use of returnable cardboard, wooden and polymer containers is permitted.

Return containers must be clean, dry and free of foreign odors. Indicators of quality and mechanical strength of returnable packaging must meet the requirements of the documentation on the procedure for using returnable packaging.

5.3.5 Requirements for packaging and transportation of solid toilet soap intended for shipment to the Far North and equivalent areas must comply with GOST 15846.

5.4 Marking

5.4.1 Each bar of soap, unwrapped or in a transparent wrapper (without markings), is clearly stamped on the surface indicating:

- names (brand and individual name);

- name of the manufacturer or trademark (if any);

- nominal mass of the piece;



For figured soap packaged in transparent wrapper, it is allowed to put the specified data on the insert label.

Only the name of the manufacturer or trademark may be applied to figured toilet soap and soap weighing up to 35 g.

(Amendment. IUS N 11-2003).

5.4.2 Only the manufacturer’s trademark may be applied to the surface of each piece of soap in wrappers (with markings), soap boxes, cases and boxes.

Souvenir, shaped and non-stamped “Hotel Soap” may either have the manufacturer’s trademark or not be affixed with the trademark.

5.4.3 The following is applied to the label, case, box, marking label or insert sheet:





- nominal mass of the piece;

- composition (main groups of substances);

- best before date*;


______________
* For the Russian Federation - “shelf life”.

(Amendment. IUS N 11-2003).

5.4.4 Transport marking - in accordance with GOST 14192 with the application of the handling sign “Keep away from moisture”.

Each unit of transport container is additionally marked with a label characterizing the product:

- name (brand and individual name. Example: “Toilet soap “Children’s “Tik-Tak”) in Russian. It is possible, at the discretion of the manufacturer, to additionally apply the name in another language;

- name of the manufacturer, address (legal address, name of country);

- the nominal mass of a piece of soap and the number of pieces in a packaging unit;

- trademark of the manufacturer (if available);

- date of manufacture, batch number, expiration date*;

- information on certification (conformity mark) for countries certifying soap;

- designation of this standard;

- bar code (if available).

It is allowed to stick a label on one side of the box with all the necessary details or print the details directly on the container.
______________
* For the Russian Federation - “shelf life”.

(Amendment. IUS N 11-2003).

6 Safety requirements

6.1 Solid toilet soap should not have an irritating, allergenic, resorptive or sensitizing effect on the skin and hair.

6.2 Solid toilet soap has a mild irritant effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose. If soap suds get into your eyes, rinse them with clean water.

6.3 Soap is a low-flammable substance.

6.4 Melting point of pure anhydrous soaps is 225-270 °C, flash point is 337 °C.

6.5 For fire extinguishing, it is allowed to use any available means (water, chemical and air-mechanical foam, asbestos fabric, sand, carbon dioxide fire extinguishers).

6.6 Work related to the production of solid toilet soap must be carried out in premises equipped with general supply and exhaust ventilation and local natural ventilation, ensuring the air condition of the working area of ​​production premises in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.005.

6.7 Determination of safety indicators of solid toilet soap at the stage of putting into production and development of ND is carried out in accordance with the requirements of sanitary rules and regulations in agreement with the institutions of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Service.

7 Acceptance rules

7.1 Determination of the batch - according to GOST 790.

Acceptance rules - according to GOST 790 with the following additions:

To control the packaging and labeling of toilet soap, 3% of packaging units from the batch are selected, but not less than three packaging units.

If more than 3% of the packaging units selected from the batch do not comply with the requirements of this standard for packaging and labeling, a re-check is carried out on a double sample.

Based on the results of the re-inspection, the batch is accepted if the number of packaging units that do not meet the requirements of this standard does not exceed 3% of the batch. The batch is rejected if 3% or more of the packaging units selected from the batch do not comply with the requirements of this standard for packaging and labeling.

7.2 Upon acceptance, a difference between the actual mass (piece) of soap and the nominal mass is allowed, provided that the value of the quality number is not lower than the norm established in 5.1.8 of this standard.

7.3 The frequency of tests is established by the manufacturer.

7.4 Each batch of toilet soap shipped from the manufacturer must be accompanied by a quality certificate indicating the following details:

- name of the manufacturer, its trademark and address (legal address, name of country);

- names (brand and individual name. Example: “Children’s toilet soap “Tik-Tak”);

- date of manufacture and batch number;

- the mass of the (nominal) party and the number of seats;

- expiration date*;

- stamp of compliance with this standard;

- information on certification (for countries carrying out certification);

- designations of this standard.
______________
* For the Russian Federation - “shelf life”.

(Amendment. IUS N 11-2003).

8 Control methods

8.1 Sampling, sample preparation for testing, determination of organoleptic indicators, determination of the pour point of fatty acids isolated from soap, determination of the mass fraction of sodium chloride, calculation of the qualitative number and mass fraction of soda products - according to GOST 790.

9 Transportation and storage

9.1 Solid toilet soap is transported by all types of transport in covered vehicles, as well as in universal containers in accordance with the cargo transportation rules in force for a particular type of transport.

When transported by open transport, solid toilet soap is protected from precipitation.

9.2 Solid toilet soap is stored in dry, closed, well-ventilated rooms (active ventilation is used in warehouses) at a temperature not lower than minus 5 ° C and a relative humidity of not more than 75%.

The shelf life* of solid toilet soap (from the date of manufacture) is established by the manufacturer and indicated in the technical documents for soap of an individual name.
______________
* For the Russian Federation - “shelf life”.

(Amendment. IUS N 11-2003).

APPENDIX A (for reference). Standards for the indicator "Initial foam volume"

APPENDIX A
(informative)

APPENDIX B
(informative)

APPENDIX B (for reference). List of recommended documents valid on the territory of the Russian Federation

APPENDIX B
(informative)

Electronic document text
prepared by Kodeks JSC and verified against:
official publication
M.: IPK Standards Publishing House, 2003

Revision of the document taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Kodeks"

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