The intrauterine device (abbreviated IUD) has been popular for quite a long time among women of childbearing age who have given birth. And despite the high contraceptive effect, most women doubt the need to install an IUD, arguing their refusal by the occurrence of side effects and complications.
With the correct choice of the IUD, the professionalism of the doctor (introduction procedure), taking into account indications and contraindications, this remedy is indeed the most successful method of contraception, which does not require strict self-discipline, as, for example, when taking hormonal pills.
An intrauterine device is
An intrauterine contraceptive device or intrauterine device is a device made of synthetic material (medical plastic), which is inserted into the uterine cavity, which prevents the development of an unwanted pregnancy in it. Modern IUDs are small in size, from 24 to 35 mm, and contain either non-inflammatory metals (copper, silver or gold) or the hormone levonorgestrel (LNG-IUD).
Historical reference
The development of an intrauterine method of contraception began in 1909, when Dr. Richter proposed using a contraceptive made from two silk threads connected by a bronze thread. The invention was not popular. Since 1920, the gynecologist Grafenburg began experiments, creating structures from silkworm threads, and later constructed a ring of silk threads, which he braided with silver wire. But a serious drawback of the ring was its spontaneous expulsion (loss).
Later, in 1961, Dr. Lippes produced an IUD of a serpentine configuration (double S), and although the device is called a Lippes loop or Lipps, its zigzag shape is more like a spiral, which gives the name to modern intrauterine devices - intrauterine device.
Mechanism of action
The intrauterine device has several mechanisms of action:
- Inhibition of ovulation, suppression of ovarian function
While wearing an IUD, the hypothalamic-pituitary system is slightly activated, which leads to a slight increase in LH secretion, but to the preservation of the production of estrogen and progesterone. At the same time, there is an increase in estrogen content and a shift in their peak in the middle of the cycle by 1 - 2 days.
- Preventing or disrupting implantation
In the second phase, there is a more significant increase in progesterone, but a decrease in the duration of the second phase. Although the endometrium changes cyclically, the synchrony of these transformations is disrupted: the first phase is lengthened, and secretory changes are delayed (incomplete maturation of the uterine mucosa), which prevents the introduction of a fertilized egg into the endometrium. Due to the copper content in the coil, the absorption of estrogen is enhanced, and the LNG-IUD stimulates the early maturation of the endometrium and its rejection, when the egg has not yet had time to securely attach itself in the uterus. This is the abortive effect of the spiral.
- Impaired sperm movement and aseptic inflammation in the uterus
The IUD, while in the uterus, irritates its walls, which provokes the uterus to secrete prostaglandins of biologically active substances). Prostaglandins not only stimulate the release of LH and inadequate maturation of the endometrium, but also aseptic inflammation in the uterus. At the same time, the level of prostaglandins increases in the cervical mucus, which inhibits the penetration of sperm into the uterine cavity. As a result of aseptic inflammation, which arose in the uterine cavity in response to the insertion of the IUD as a foreign body, the content of leukocytes, macrophages and histiocytes increases. All of these cells enhance phagocytosis (devouring) of sperm and isolate the fertilized egg, preventing it from implanting in the endometrium.
- Changes in the nature of movement of a fertilized or unfertilized egg through the fallopian tube
The released prostaglandins accelerate the peristalsis of the fallopian tubes, as a result of which either an unfertilized egg enters the uterus and meets the sperm in the tube, or a fertilized one, but too early, when the endometrium is not yet ready for its implantation.
Types of intrauterine devices
Intrauterine devices can be of various types, and differ both in shape and in the content of medicinal substances or metal in it.
In addition, as new intrauterine devices are developed, all IUDs are divided into 3 generations according to the time of their appearance:
1st generation IUD
Such spirals are made of plastic and do not contain any metal, so they are classified as inert (neutral). The contraceptive effect is achieved only by provoking aseptic inflammation and preventing the implantation of a fertilized egg. The Lippes loop belongs to the first generation. But their use has been prohibited by WHO since 1989 due to the low contraceptive effect, the high likelihood of developing inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages, and spontaneous expulsion.
2nd generation Navy
The second generation of spirals includes metal-containing ones. First, IUDs containing copper appeared, which has an anti-anidation effect, that is, it prevents implantation. Copper-containing spirals consist of plastic (the basis of the IUD), the leg of the spiral is wrapped with copper wire. Depending on the amount of copper, these intrauterine devices are divided into low-copper IUDs and high-copper IUDs. Later, spirals began to be made with silver content in the lumen of the leg or with gold, in the form of a wire wrapped around the leg. Silver- and gold-containing IUDs are considered more effective in terms of contraception (the contraceptive effect reaches 99%), prevent the development of inflammatory diseases, and the duration of action increases to 7–10 years.
3rd generation Navy
The latest generation of IUDs includes intrauterine devices that contain a progestin, levonorgestrel. Their other name is LNG-IUD. Popular hormone-containing intrauterine devices are Mirena and the LNG-20 IUD. LNG-IUDs not only have an almost 100% contraceptive effect, but also have a therapeutic effect (therefore they are recommended for women with small uterine fibroids or endometrial hyperplasia).
Spiral shapes
IUDs differ not only in composition, but also in shape. Today there are about 50 types of spirals of different shapes. The form and composition of the intrauterine contraceptive is recommended and selected by the doctor based on medical history, body type, individual anatomical characteristics, and other things. Therefore, it is difficult to decide “on the spot” which intrauterine device is better. Popular spiral shapes:
Semi-oval
Another form of intrauterine contraceptive is called an umbrella or horseshoe. There are small spikes on the external protrusions - the “shoulders” of the spiral, which allow the device to be securely fixed in the uterine cavity and prevent its expulsion.
Among the advantages, one should note their almost painless insertion (the spiral is well configured when passing through the cervical canal, and straightens out in the uterine cavity), rare spontaneous falls of the device due to the spikes on the “shoulders,” and a minimum of painful sensations when worn. “Horseshoes” are ideal for women who have a history of spontaneous childbirth or women whose cervix is “nulliparous” (after surgical birth).
Round or semicircular
Another name for such contraceptives is a ring or half ring. In China, IUD rings that do not have “antennae” and have one curl are popular.
From practice: Ring-shaped spirals are quite inconvenient. Mostly, patients complain of pain, in some cases quite significant, at the time of insertion of the spiral. The “ring” is poorly configured and passes through the cervical canal with difficulty, which causes pain. In addition, women with a history of only one birth often complained of painful menstruation. Therefore, in my opinion, this form of contraception is absolutely not suitable for women after a cesarean section or who have only one independent birth. But multiparous patients did not complain either during insertion or during wearing. The contraceptive effect, despite the shape of the device, remains high.
T-shaped
Perhaps the most common type of spirals in Russia. Externally, the contraceptive resembles the letter “T”, that is, it has a rod wrapped in copper or silver (gold) wire and 2 “shoulders”. If we talk about the best intrauterine devices, then this form is the most preferable, it is so easy to insert, comfortable to wear (the woman does not experience discomfort), removed without problems and securely fixed in the uterus due to the flexibility of the “shoulders”.
In my opinion, the T-shaped spiral has only one drawback - its percentage of spontaneous expulsion is higher than that of spirals of other shapes. Recommended for women after a cesarean section or after a single spontaneous birth (the cervical canal is more or less closed, which reduces the risk of prolapse).
Review of popular IUDs
Mirena
Contains the most active of gestagens - levonorgestrel, which gives the spiral antiestrogenic and antigonadotropic properties, in addition to a high contraceptive effect. Levonorgestrel suppresses the proliferation of the endometrium and causes its atrophic changes, therefore this contraceptive is administered more often for therapeutic purposes (for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, heavy and prolonged periods, dysmenorrhea, uterine fibroids, premenstrual syndrome). Mirena is also used as hormone replacement therapy in post- and perimenopause. Guaranteed service life 5 years. Its shape is T-shaped.
The average price of Mirena spirals is 12,000 rubles.
Juno Spiral
Has many varieties:
- Juno Bio-T in the form of a horseshoe or ring with a copper component;
- Juno Bio-T Ag in the shape of a horseshoe or the letter “T” with a copper-silver component;
- Juno Bio-T Super, made in the shape of a “T” letter, contains copper and propolis, which provides an anti-inflammatory effect;
- Juno Bio-T Au – contains gold, suitable for women with allergies to metals.
Due to its composition, this type of spirals has a general antiseptic effect, that is, the risk of inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages is quite low. Therefore, the Juno spiral is recommended for patients with chronic adnexitis or endometritis.
The average price of a Bio-T Ag spiral is 400 rubles.
Nova-T Cu Ag
Guaranteed service life up to 5 years. It is made in the shape of the letter “T”, the leg of the device is wrapped in copper wire with a silver core (silver slows down the corrosion of copper, lengthening the life of the spiral).
An effective contraceptive with a fairly long wearing period. Recommended for young women with 1-2 births and previous inflammatory diseases of the uterus or appendages.
The average price of a Nova-T spiral is 2500 rubles.
Multiload
Made in the shape of a horseshoe with spikes on the outer surface of the hanger. The rod of the device is wrapped with copper wire. There are 2 types of Multiload spirals available (depending on the copper surface area): Cu-250 (copper area 250 square mm) Cu 375 (375 square mm). The validity period is 5 and 5 – 8 years, respectively.
Perhaps the best spiral of all those on the market today. It is easy to insert and wear, the duration of action is long, the contraceptive effect is high, and it has antiseptic properties (due to copper). As a rule, gynecologists recommend Multiload to women who decide to introduce the device for the first time.
The average price in Moscow is 3,500 rubles.
Gravigard – Cu-7
Made in the USA in the shape of the number 7, the leg is covered with copper wire (copper area 200 cubic mm). Installed for 2 – 3 years.
Since the device has only one “shoulder”, it is inserted almost painlessly, therefore it is suitable for nulliparous women, including those whose first birth ended in a cesarean section. The risk of the IUD falling out in this case is very low, but it is recommended to wear Gravigard Cu-7 for women with high parity (three or more births).
Validity period of the IUD
How long can a spiral last? A similar question worries all women who decide to use this contraceptive method. The service life of the IUD varies for different types of intrauterine contraceptives and depends on the amount of metal or drug included in their composition (in the absence of side effects while wearing the device):
Duration of use depends on the total surface area of the copper. The validity period ranges from 2 – 3 years to 5 – 8 years.
Service life from 5 to 7 years.
Validity period is from 5 to 7 years, longer wearing is possible, up to 10 years.
LNG-IUD
Contraceptive and therapeutic effects are guaranteed for 5 years of wearing the contraceptive, but persist for 1 to 2 years after the end of the official validity period.
Insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device
Before you decide to install an intrauterine device, you should visit a gynecologist and undergo the necessary examination:
- a thorough history taking and gynecological examination to identify contraindications for the use of an intrauterine device;
- taking smears for microflora from the cervical canal, urethra and vagina;
- PCR for sexually transmitted infections (according to indications);
- CBC (exclude anemia, allergic reaction - increase in eosinophils and hidden inflammatory process);
- UAM (rule out urinary tract infection);
- Ultrasound of the pelvis (exclude gynecological diseases, pregnancy, including ectopic, and uterine malformations);
- colposcopy (according to indications: background processes of the cervix).
On the eve of the procedure for introducing a contraceptive, it is recommended:
- maintaining sexual rest for 2 – 3 days before the procedure;
- refusal to douche and use intravaginal products (suppositories, tablets and creams);
- refusal to use intimate hygiene products.
The IUD is inserted at the end of menstruation, approximately on the 4th - 5th day, which prevents its loss (menstrual bleeding decreases, and the external pharynx still remains slightly open, which makes it easier to insert the contraceptive).
Administration procedure
- the patient is placed on a gynecological chair, a Simps speculum is inserted into the vagina, exposing the cervix, the cervix and vagina are treated with an antiseptic (the procedure is performed on an outpatient basis and is practically painless);
- the cervix is fixed with bullet forceps, the length of the uterus is measured with a probe;
- a plastic conductor (attached to the IUD) is inserted into the cervical canal, which is advanced into the uterine cavity, then the contraceptive is pushed out with a plastic piston (ideally, the spiral should rest against the uterine fundus with its “shoulders”); if the spiral is T-shaped, the “hangers” are first tucked into the conductor (by pulling the threads from the back side of the conductor);
- the conductor is carefully removed, long threads protrude from the cervix into the vagina, which are cut to the required length, creating “antennae” - they will protrude from the external pharynx, which is necessary for self-control of the presence of the IUD in the uterus;
- the entire administration process takes no more than 5 minutes.
After introduction
- the doctor records the date of installation, the model of the device in the outpatient card and informs the patient of its validity period;
- control appearance is scheduled after 10 days;
- sexual rest, refusal to lift heavy objects, take laxatives and hot baths for 14 days after insertion of the intrauterine device;
- refusal to use vaginal tampons (7 – 10 days).
Immediately after the procedure, the woman is recommended to sit, and if necessary, lie down, for 15 to 30 minutes. Pain in the lower abdomen may occur (contractions of the uterus in response to the presence of a foreign body in its cavity), which should disappear on their own after 30 - 60 minutes.
A woman should be checked regularly (once every six months) by a gynecologist and independently monitor the location of the contraceptive (feeling the “antennae” with her fingers at the external pharynx). If the “antennae” cannot be felt or the lower end of the device is felt (incomplete spontaneous expulsion), you should urgently contact a specialist. Other reasons to consult a doctor are:
- delayed menstruation (possible pregnancy);
- bleeding or intermenstrual discharge with blood;
- pain in the lower abdomen (intense during menstruation and discomfort outside of menstruation);
- fever, signs of intoxication;
- the appearance of pathological vaginal discharge (with an odor, greenish or yellowish in color, foamy, abundant);
- pain during coitus;
- increased menstrual blood loss (lengthened periods, increased volume of blood lost).
Contraindications and complications
The introduction of an intrauterine contraceptive has a number of contraindications.
The absolute ones include:
- pregnancy or suspicion of it;
- genital cancer, suspicion of it or hereditary predisposition;
- acute and exacerbation of chronic inflammatory diseases of the genitals;
- promiscuous sex life (high probability of contracting sexually transmitted infections);
- bleeding from the genital tract of unknown etiology;
Relative ones include:
- inflammatory processes in the past of the uterus/appendages;
- chronic inflammatory diseases of the uterus/appendages;
- painful periods;
- heavy, prolonged menstrual or intermenstrual bleeding;
- hyperplastic processes of the endometrium;
- endometriosis;
- underdevelopment of the uterus and malformations (septum in the uterus, bicornuate or saddle-shaped uterus);
- ectopic pregnancy in the past;
- cervical deformity, anatomical isthmic-cervical insufficiency;
- anemia and other blood diseases;
- absence of childbirth;
- taking immunosuppressants;
- chronic inflammatory general diseases, including tuberculosis;
- cardiovascular diseases;
- cervical canal stenosis;
- submucosal fibroid;
- intolerance to metals or hormones;
- spontaneous expulsion of the IUD in the past.
Side effects and complications
Possible complications and adverse reactions during or after insertion of an intrauterine device include:
- cervical injury, bleeding and perforation of the uterus during the introduction of a contraceptive;
- intense pain during menstruation, during sexual intercourse, during the intermenstrual period;
- spontaneous expulsion of the contraceptive;
- cycle disturbances (extension of menstruation, heavy periods, intermenstrual bleeding);
- pregnancy, including ectopic;
- chronic endometritis and adnexitis after removal of the IUD, infertility;
- anemia (with hyperpolymenorrhea);
Advantages and disadvantages
The use of intrauterine contraception has its advantages and disadvantages, like any other method of protection against unwanted pregnancy.
Advantages of the Navy
- acceptable price;
- duration of use;
- financial savings (no need to constantly buy birth control pills and condoms);
- does not require strict self-discipline (constant taking of pills);
- rapid restoration of reproductive function after removal;
- high efficiency (up to 98 – 99%);
- the occurrence of a contraceptive effect immediately after administration;
- the possibility of emergency contraception after unprotected coitus;
- therapeutic effect (for fibroids, heavy periods, intrauterine adhesions - synechiae);
- relaxation during intimacy (no fear of getting pregnant);
- suitable for contraception in the postpartum period;
- absence of adverse reactions and complications when taking into account contraindications and correct selection and administration of a contraceptive;
- compatibility with medications and alcohol;
- anti-inflammatory effect due to the content of copper, silver, gold and propolis.
Disadvantages of the IUD
- increased risk of ectopic pregnancy (except LNG-IUS);
- the risk of spontaneous (and unnoticed by the woman) loss of the contraceptive;
- increased risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections and the occurrence of adnexitis/endometritis during casual sexual intercourse;
- an increase in the volume and duration of menstrual blood loss and the development of anemia;
- risk of damage to the uterus or cervix when inserting or removing a contraceptive;
- requires regular checking for the presence of a spiral;
- the onset of intrauterine pregnancy and, as a rule, the need to terminate it;
- the main effect of the IUD is abortifacient, which is not acceptable for religious women;
- the introduction and selection of the spiral is carried out by a specialist.
Insertion of the IUD after...
Optimal timing for insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device:
- 6 weeks after spontaneous childbirth (healing of the wound site in the uterus after separation of the placenta and formation of the cervical canal);
- six months after surgical birth (final healing of the uterine scar and its consistency);
- after 35 years in the absence of contraindications or in the presence of endometrial hyperplastic processes (LNG-IUS);
- after an abortion, either immediately or during the first menstruation;
- after unprotected coitus for 5 - 7 days.
Question answer
Question:
I want to try installing an IUD. What is the best spiral?
No gynecologist will give an unambiguous answer to such a question. The doctor observing you can only recommend one or another form of device with a certain composition. The choice depends on previous inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, hormonal disorders (whether there were dysfunctional bleeding, disruptions in the cycle or hyperplastic processes), the number of births and their resolution (independent or surgical), constitutional characteristics (physique, uterine curvature) and other factors. And even after a thorough study of the medical history and examination, it is impossible to say with confidence that this particular spiral will be suitable. When choosing a device, you should focus not on the price (the more expensive, the better) and not on the advice of friends (I have this shape and brand, no problems), but on the doctor’s recommendations. Choosing and installing an IUD is comparable only to choosing shoes. Until you try it on, you won’t know whether the shoes fit or not, it doesn’t matter that the size matches (the shape of the last, the width of the foot, the instep, and much more are important). The same can be said about spirals. Even after successful insertion and safe wearing for a month, such severe pain may occur during menstruation that the patient runs to the doctor with a request to remove the device.
Question:
When I independently checked the presence of a spiral, I did not feel the “antennae”. What to do?
You need to see a gynecologist. It is possible that the IUD fell out without you noticing, so pregnancy is possible. But it is possible that the “antennae” simply “hid” in the cervical canal, and the gynecologist will remove them with tweezers and gently pull them.
Question:
Is it possible to get pregnant while using the IUD?
Yes, this method does not have a 100% contraceptive effect. Pregnancy is possible in 1–2% of women. Its risk is especially high with incomplete spontaneous expulsion, when not only “antennae” protrude from the external pharynx, but also the rod of the spiral.
Question:
When and how is the spiral removed?
If wearing a contraceptive does not cause discomfort and does not cause side effects, then it is removed either after the expiration date or at the request of the woman, on any day of the cycle (preferably during menstruation - less painful). Removal is performed by a gynecologist by grasping the “antennae” with tweezers or a forceps and pulling them towards himself. A situation is possible when the spiral threads are not visible in the outer pharynx or come off when grasped with a forceps. Then the IUD is removed with a special hook, inserted into the uterine cavity and hooking the contraceptive onto the “shoulders”. Sometimes the situation requires short-term hospitalization to remove the device with a hook and subsequent curettage of the uterine cavity (significantly exceeding the period of wearing the IUD, failure of an attempt to remove the device on an outpatient basis, uterine bleeding or excessive growth of the endometrium, confirmed by ultrasound).
Question:
How quickly is the ability to become pregnant restored after the device is removed?
The timing of fertility restoration varies from person to person. But the occurrence of a desired pregnancy is observed in 96% of women throughout the year.
Question:
How long does it take for a spiral to take root?
If the IUD is selected correctly, taking into account the size and length of the uterus, contraindications and anatomical features, then it “takes root” in about 1 – 3 months.
Question:
The husband complains of the feeling of the spiral threads during sexual intercourse. Is this normal and what should I do?
If your husband does not like these sensations, perhaps you were left with too long “antennae” after the introduction of the contraceptive. You can contact your gynecologist with a request to shorten them somewhat (but there is a high probability of their subsequent disappearance in the cervical canal, which will complicate self-monitoring for the presence of a spiral).
Question:
When can a new coil be installed after removing the old one?
If the IUD did not cause adverse reactions, a new one can be installed after a month, but better after 3, to make sure that the menstrual cycle is normal and undergo additional examination.
For many modern women, a very important issue is reliable contraception and, preferably, with a minimum of side effects. One good method is the introduction of an intrauterine device, which almost 100% protects against unwanted pregnancy. One of the best is considered to be the non-hormonal IUD “Goldlily” (golden IUD) from the famous Hungarian pharmaceutical company.
GoldLily spirals contain both copper and one of the noble metals - gold. It coats the copper surface, protecting it from early oxidation and corrosion. By creating a potential difference, additional protection of the woman from unwanted pregnancy is created. Gold in the intrauterine device has a powerful bactericidal effect. Due to this, when wearing Goldlily exclusive, the risks of inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs are significantly reduced.
The effectiveness of the gold IUD is compared with that of oral contraceptives. But GoldLily is more reliable because women sometimes forget to take hormonal contraceptive pills on time. A relative disadvantage of gold spirals is the price of Goldlily exclusive. In Moscow, the cost of this intrauterine device, due to the availability of gold in the retail pharmacy chain, is at least 6-7 thousand rubles.
Instructions for GoldLily
Manufacturer:
The Hungarian pharmaceutical company Gedeon Richter produces patent-protected intrauterine contraceptive devices "Goldlily"/"Goldlily Exclusive" - one of the best representatives in the production of IUDs in the world.
Compound.
The Goldlily/Silverlily intrauterine device consists of a T-shaped polyethylene frame. On the frame leg, with the exception of the Goldlily Plastic type, special metal wires are wound in a spiral shape. These metal wires in the case of Goldlily are a gold-copper alloy and in the case of Silverlily a silver-copper alloy.
How the GoldLily IUD protects against pregnancy.
The active material of the product, consisting of gold-copper alloys, in contact with the secretions of the uterine cavity, forms a local accumulation of galvanic elements on its surface. Two different metals form an electrochemical pair with a potential difference - plus and minus. Due to the appearance of microgalvanic currents, sperm motility, their ability to fertilize, and survival rate decrease. The components of the noble metals gold or silver envelop groups of copper atoms in such a way that the wire does not crumble even after using the product for a longer time than prescribed according to the instructions, and at the same time it intensively and evenly exhibits its effect.
Contraindications
. Definite or suspected pregnancy.
. Previous ectopic pregnancy.
. Malignant tumor of the genital organs.
. Acyclic uterine bleeding or vaginal bleeding of unknown origin.
. Inflammatory diseases of the genital organs over the past 6 months.
. Defects of the uterus in shape, size and position (congenital or acquired).
. Allergy to copper or gold.
. Complicated abortion in the last three months, infectious diseases of the genital organs.
Restrictions:
. Heart valve diseases.
. Blood clotting disorders.
. Circulatory disorders.
. Treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs.
. Frequent change of sexual partner.
. Spirals, incl. LilyGold, gynecologists do not recommend it to nulliparous women.
Term of use 5 years.
GoldLily sizes
Goldlily/Goldlily-Exclusive (Goldlily/Goldlily-Exclusive) gold-copper alloy. Goldlily-Exclusive spirals contain an increased amount of gold and are recommended for women prone to inflammation and allergies. In these types of products, the wire is wound onto the bottom of the IUD in one layer. Another advantage of the contraceptive is the availability of several sizes. Goldlily can be selected for each woman by a gynecologist in the version that she needs.
The GoldLily intrauterine device is standardly available in three sizes:
- normal (shaft length/arm length = 33 mm/32 mm),
- short (26 mm/32 mm) and
- mini (26mm/24mm).
Based on the size of the GoldLily coils, they are recommended for women with the following parameters of the uterine cavity (according to pelvic ultrasound):
♦ Goldlily Standard (33 mm X 32 mm) with a uterine cavity length of more than 60 mm;
♦ Goldlily Short (26 mm X 32 mm) is used when the length of the uterine cavity is 50-60 mm;
♦ Goldlily Mini (26 mm X 24 mm) is administered when the uterine cavity is 40-50 mm.
Reviews about GoldLily
Women in reviews of the GoldLily spiral note that after the introduction of the product, the first menstrual cycles usually differ from the previous ones. Menstruation may be heavier, and there may be bleeding between periods and cramping in the lower abdomen. 3-4 cycles after the administration of the drug, the condition returns to normal, and menstruation proceeds naturally.
Some patients, in very rare cases, immediately after insertion of the IUD, reported feeling pain in the lower abdomen and slight dizziness. Experts believe that if these complaints do not go away after half an hour of being in a calm state, then it can be assumed that the spiral is not located in the normal position. It is necessary to check its location in the uterus using ultrasound and, if necessary, remove the product.
In general, having studied the effect of the GoldLily IUD on the female body and its tolerability, gynecologists in their reviews consider this product to be one of the best intrauterine contraceptives in the world. However, we remind you that if you experience pain, heavy vaginal discharge or pain in the lower abdomen during sexual intercourse, you should immediately see a doctor!
In case of a delay in the menstrual cycle (more than 5 days), although in very rare cases, both ectopic and intrauterine pregnancy are possible, so you need to contact a clinic to diagnose pregnancy.
HOW TO CORRECTLY INSTALL AND REMOVE THE GOLDLILY IUD
1. Before inserting an intrauterine golden device, you must undergo an examination by a gynecologist in a chair, do a gynecological ultrasound, and be tested for infections. It is necessary to exclude the possibility of pregnancy, STDs and pathologies of the internal structures of the uterus.
Photo 1.
Golden spiral "GoldLILI" (Hungary).
2. An IUD is inserted during menstruation or in the first days after it. If pregnancy is completely excluded, then the IUD can be inserted on any day of the menstrual cycle, although according to women’s reviews, inserting the IUD outside of menstruation is much more sensitive than during menstrual periods. What to do immediately after installing it? Having installed the Goldlily intrauterine device, a woman must adhere to simple rules for 5 days.
After the procedure it is prohibited:
- Carry out douching.
- Lift heavy objects or subject the body to intense physical stress.
- Be sexually active (only the first five days).
After administration of the drug, it is necessary to undergo a control ultrasound examination within 8-12 weeks, then be checked annually. Doctors do not recommend using the Goldlily intrauterine device for more than 5 years. Reviews from women confirm the high effectiveness of the device during this particular time.
In the future, it is important to periodically monitor the presence of “antennae” of the spiral in the vagina and their length. If the control thread becomes longer or shorter, you should immediately consult a gynecologist. In cases where the IUD did not cope with its main task and pregnancy nevertheless occurred, the woman can keep it. Copper and gold ions do not have a negative effect on fetal development.
3. It is most convenient to remove the spiral during menstruation by carefully pulling it by the control threads. If the patient continues to want to be protected from pregnancy with an IUD, then the next device is inserted at the same time. According to reviews, removal of an intrauterine device in a woman is accompanied by mild pain and short-term bleeding.
Golden spiral price
GoldLily - buy and deliver
The medical service has restrictions on its use. Before installing or removing the GoldLily® coil, consult a specialist. All prices indicated on the website are provided as reference information and do not constitute a public offer as defined by the provisions of Article 437 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. To clarify the cost of services, please contact the reception staff by calling the clinic.
The intrauterine device (IUD) is a convenient and fairly effective method of contraception that allows you to avoid taking oral contraceptives and the use of barrier methods of protection against unwanted pregnancy (condoms, uterine caps, diaphragms and spermicides). The gold intrauterine device has long become popular because of its advantages over other types of contraceptives.
Types of intrauterine devices
All intrauterine methods of contraception, or spirals, are divided into 2 types:
inert;
medicinal.
The former are made from polymers; the latter are made from copper and noble metals or contain progesterone. Medicinal IUDs are more effective due to the hormonal activity they produce in the uterine cavity. Progesterone IUDs prevent the egg from implanting in the endometrium, and this prevents pregnancy.
The disadvantage of hormone-containing coils is the gradual depletion of the active component. Such contraceptives can be used for a very short time (1 year). Then the spiral must be replaced.
Inert IUDs have a more prolonged effect, but the guarantee of non-pregnancy is not as high as their medicinal counterparts. IUDs with copper, silver or gold wire release metal ions into the body, which prevents conception. This intrauterine device can be changed 2-3 years after installation.
Benefits of the gold IUD
Due to their effectiveness, IUDs with copper wire are in higher demand among women of childbearing age who have a regular sexual partner or are married. Another advantage of this type of contraception is its low price.
Intrauterine devices with gold are more expensive, but they also have more advantages. The copper core used in cheaper IUDs will corrode over time. This is inevitable in the humid and warm environment of the female body. Oxidized metal can negatively affect your health.
The gold intrauterine device is completely devoid of this drawback, since gold does not oxidize. It is not rejected by the woman’s body and perfectly protects against unwanted pregnancy. This method of contraception has many indications, but has one significant drawback - high cost.
Contraindications for installing any type of coil
The safest - gold - intrauterine device cannot be installed in a patient if:
menstruation very heavy;
there were cases of uterine bleeding in the anamnesis;
pregnancy has already occurred;
a woman has been diagnosed with an infectious disease of the genital organs, including an STD;
after the birth of a child or artificial termination of pregnancy, the patient had an infectious infection;
a woman is sick with tuberculosis of the pelvic bones;
a malignant tumor was discovered in any area of the genital organs;
there are anomalies in the structure of the internal genital organs (uterus, cervix or vagina).
A woman needs to know that if there is any heart disease, the gynecologist will first send the patient for examination to a cardiologist. It will be possible to install a gold (and any other) intrauterine device only with the approval of this doctor.
All these contraindications are not very common, so in most cases the gynecologist makes a positive decision to install a gold IUD. The procedure is usually performed during menstruation or 6-8 weeks after birth.
The most popular methods of preventing pregnancy are the use of hormonal drugs and intrauterine devices.
The choice of one or another method of contraception by a woman depends on several factors:
- ease of use;
- frequency of sexual intercourse;
- the possible risks that exist with each method of contraception;
- ethical motives;
- price segment.
The introduction of a foreign body into the uterus through the cervical canal to prevent the development of an unwanted pregnancy is called intrauterine contraception (IUC).
Research is still underway on this issue in the scientific world.
The first reason: specific biochemical processes occur in the mucous membrane of the uterine wall, including inflammation not associated with infection, which impair the ability of the egg to penetrate the uterine wall during fertilization.
The second reason for effectiveness: a decrease in sperm viability due to changes in the internal environment of the uterine cavity. Copper, silver or gold have a negative effect on sperm, reducing their motility and ability to fertilize.
Unfortunately, fertilization due to the use of an intrauterine device is observed during regular sexual activity without the development of pregnancy, while the fertilized egg is released naturally.
Due to ethnic or religious beliefs, a woman should be informed that the use of intrauterine contraceptives disrupts the process of implantation of an already fertilized egg into the uterine mucosa, that is, a new life in this case is born and dies.
Kinds
There are several types of intrauterine devices, different in shape and material from which they are made.
Source: net-besplodiyu.ru
T-shaped
They are considered to coincide in shape with the geometry of the uterine cavity. Modern samples have movable T-shoulders, which does not allow the product to move during uterine contractions, and spherical thickenings at the ends of the shoulders and the rod prevent injury to the walls of the uterus. The introduction is provided by a conductor - a tube, which is removed after installing and straightening the shoulders of the spiral.
O-shaped
The ring-shaped intrauterine device has a copper or silver-plated rod inside. Models Juno Bio-T or Juno Bio-T with silver (Simurg, Belarus) are presented in two sizes. According to the instructions, these forms are recommended for nulliparous women and women with small pelvic organs.
With copper
Made from chemically neutral polyethylene or silicone with a copper rod inside. A larger amount of copper gives a better contraceptive effect, but increases the frequency of allergic reactions, manifested as urticaria.
Important: according to studies, nulliparous young women tolerate intrauterine copper devices worse than those who have given birth. This is manifested by an increase in the frequency of pain, bleeding, displacement of the position of the product, allergic reactions, and the occurrence of an ascending infection. For this category of patients, other methods of contraception are recommended.
The T-shaped copper-containing spiral Copper-T CU 380A (Schering company) and Multiload CU-375 (Organon) are presented on the pharmaceutical market.
With gold and silver
To prevent corrosion of the copper wire, increase tolerance and continuous use of the intrauterine device, silver or gold coating of the copper rod is used. This reduces the number of inflammatory processes due to the bactericidal and fungicidal action of precious metal ions, and increases the contraceptive effect.
The Goldlily Exclusive spiral (Gedeon Richter), containing ultra-pure alloys of copper and gold, is presented on the Russian market. It is approved for continuous use for up to 7 years. It has 3 sizes, which allows you to select the product in accordance with the anatomical features of the uterus of each woman. According to reviews from women, it does not cause weight gain, that is, it is impossible to gain weight from such an intrauterine device unless you change your eating habits.
Pharmacies sell the gold intrauterine device Nova T CU 200 AG (Leiras, Finland, a company of the Schering AG group).
Hormone-containing
This is a whole releasing system with a reservoir containing the hormone levonorgestrel (LNG), which ensures its slow release into the uterine cavity and blood. The LNG-IUD combines two effects - mechanical and hormonal contraception. This method is more effective than coils with low copper content.
The intrauterine hormonal system occupies an intermediate place between oral contraception and intrauterine devices, is the most effective, does not have the disadvantages inherent in each method separately, and is recommended by doctors all over the world.
The representative of the group, Mirena® (Bayer Oy, Finland), is used in women with venous insufficiency, cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, smokers and older age groups during menopause; they do not change metabolism and do not contribute to weight gain. Approved for use by nursing and nulliparous women.
Side effects of low doses of the hormone may include depression, headache, and changes in body weight.
Choice
How to choose an intrauterine device when there is such a wide variety? An experienced gynecologist will help you. The selection and insertion of an intrauterine device should be carried out by experienced medical personnel and only after a comprehensive examination of the woman.
If the intrauterine device is inserted incorrectly, the following may occur:
- cervical spasm;
- painful sensations, up to the loss of consciousness by the woman;
- perforation of the uterine wall;
- non-opening of the shoulders (for a T-shaped) spiral.
After the introduction of an intrauterine contraceptive device, a woman should be observed by a specialist and examined at least once a year to prevent the development of possible complications.
Consequences
In the first menstrual cycles, complaints such as:
- pain in the lower abdomen, lower back;
- changes in menstruation in abundance and timing;
- the appearance of intermenstrual bleeding.
These symptoms are not complications of intrauterine contraception, they are considered natural, and usually everything returns to normal after a few months. However, a woman should pay attention to such symptoms, since all of them can cause a shift in the position of the spiral. In this case, the intrauterine device is removed.
Increased body temperature, pelvic pain, and excessive discharge causing discomfort may be the cause of an ascending infection that needs to be treated.
Important: the effectiveness of the contraceptive effect of a particular intrauterine device depends on the woman’s age, and not on its shape or other characteristics. The older the woman, the fewer failures. This is due to age-related changes in fertility - the ability to conceive.
Pregnancy
A case of unsuccessful intrauterine contraception is the occurrence of an unplanned pregnancy while using the product. This may occur due to the displacement of the spiral relative to its correct position in the uterine cavity.
Since copper does not have a detrimental effect on the fetus, pregnancy can be maintained. When the IUD is removed or if it is impossible to remove it, the woman is informed about the threat of spontaneous abortion.
The use of an IUD after childbirth is safe for the health of the woman and child. The optimal time for inserting the IUD is considered to be 2–3 months after natural birth or cesarean section.
Sometimes an IUD is used for the purpose of subsequent contraception after an early abortion (in the first trimester). In this case, the woman may experience pain and bleeding, which should be kept in mind.
During unprotected sexual intercourse, it is possible to insert an intrauterine device - postcoital contraception. The method is effective when the IUD is inserted no later than 5 days after coitus.
Juno Gold intrauterine device(Juno Gold), Juno brand.
The Golden Spiral is a modern device that provides reliable protection against unwanted pregnancy. Thanks to a special insertion system, the risk of complications during wearing is minimized.
The Juno Gold spiral anchor is made of biologically inert plastic and has a classic T-shape. The IUD is equipped with gold wire made from an alloy of gold and copper and does not contain additional impurities. Gold content 58.5%.
The unique patented “Nautilus” insertion system ensures easy insertion and high precision of contraceptive placement in the uterus, reducing the risk of expulsion while following simple installation instructions.
To control the location of the device in the uterus and remove the IUD, a monofilament thread is attached to the contraceptive anchor. X-ray and ultrasound contrast are provided by a wire.
The diameter of the conductor tube is 3.9 mm; a measuring scale is applied to the conductor tube to mark the depth of insertion of the contraceptive.
Intrauterine contraceptive device Juno Gold - purpose
Only a doctor can prescribe a suitable contraceptive and install it. The patient only needs to purchase the desired model and come to an appointment with the gynecologist. Juno Gold is supplied in blister packaging housed in secondary carton packaging. Instructions for use are included.
Application of the gold intrauterine device Simurgh (Juno) - Juno Gold It is recommended for women who are allergic to silver, as well as for those whose experience of using a silver IUD was unsuccessful (for example, inflammation or other complications occurred). Gold is an inert metal, and in the case of it there is no rejection or inflammatory processes.
The degree of protection against unwanted pregnancy when using a contraceptive juno golden is the maximum.
The intrauterine device with gold, manufactured by Simurg, has the shape of an anchor with straight shoulders, the leg of which is entwined with the finest 99-carat gold wire. Installing the Juno Juno Gold spiral is no different from that when introducing other contraceptives from the company. The service life of the golden spiral is 9 years. The risks of complications when using this contraceptive are minimal, and the degree of protection against unwanted pregnancy is maximum.
Duration of contraception– no more than 9 years.
Sterilization gas.
General characteristics
A country
Belarus
Manufacturer
Trademark
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Modern mothers often ask the question: are there any contraindications if the IUD is immediately placed after childbirth, because it is almost the only means of protecting a woman from pregnancy, which is not very desirable during this period. After all, breastfeeding and changes in the hormonal background of a woman who has given birth prevent her from using...