Day of Slavic Literature and Culture.
Target:
Reveal the meaning of the holiday “Day of Slavic Literature and Culture”
Tasks:
1. Instill in children a love of their native word, the Russian language, and national history.
2.Introduce students to the origins of the creation of the Slavic alphabet.
3. To foster respect for the creators of the Cyrillic alphabet and national pride in the language.
THE NUMBERS OF THE PRESENTATION SLIDE ARE INDICATED IN RED IN BRACKETS. SWITCH SLIDES BY CLICKING.
Materials for the holiday
“Day of Slavic Literature and Culture”(1)
Children reading a poem
Across wide Rus' to our mother
The bell ringing (2) is heard.
Now the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius
They are glorified for their efforts.
Remember Cyril and Methodius, (3)
Glorious Brothers Equal to the Apostles
In Belarus, Macedonia,
In Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
All the nations that write in Cyrillic (4)
What have been called Slavic since ancient times,
They glorify the feat of the first teachers,
Christian enlighteners.
1st child reader
(5) Brown-haired and gray-eyed
Everyone is bright in face and glorious in heart
Drevlyans, Rusichi, glades
Tell me, who are you?
All in unison
We are Slavs!
2nd child reader
(6) Your article is all nice
Everyone is different and different
Now you are called Russians;
Since ancient times, who are you?
All in unison
We are Slavs!
3rd child reader
(7) We love our free songs,
Flowers, white birch trees,
We are called Lyuba, Olya, Ani,
Seryozha, Kolya.
All in unison
We are Slavs!
Presenter ( with a scroll in his hands):
(8) Oh, you are our glorious guests, dear dear children! I will tell you about Holy Rus', about distant times unknown to you.
Once upon a time there lived good fellows, beautiful red maidens. And they had kind mothers and wise, strict priests. They knew how to plow and mow, and cut down mansions; They also knew how to weave canvases and embroider them with patterns.
But our ancestors did not know how to read and write, they did not know how to read books or write letters. And two enlighteners appeared in the Slavic countries - the wise brothers, Cyril and Methodius. (9) And they came up with letters, and from them they made up the alphabet.
Children talk about Cyril and Methodius and the history of the creation of the Slavic alphabet.
1st child
In Greece, in the city of Thessaloniki, two brothers lived. Their father was a military leader, he was Greek by nationality, and their mother was Slavic. Among the Greeks was their own alphabet and books, but the Slavs did not.
My younger brother, Kirill, dreamed: “When I grow up, I’ll come up with letters for the Slavs.”
He was the best student in school and, when he grew up, he did not forget his dream.
2nd child
Kirill, learned many languages. They gave him the nickname “Philosopher.” (10) But from fame and wealth he went to a monastery and became a monk. There, in silence, together with brother Methodius, they compiled the alphabet.
1st and 2nd child together
(11) The brothers worked hard to create the Slavic alphabet!
1st child
The brothers tried to make the letters of the alphabet beautiful so that it would not be difficult for the hand to write them. The words of many wise books were then written with these letters. As the creator of Slavic writing, Saint Cyril is usually depicted with a scroll of the alphabet in his hands.(12)
Leading
(13) Look at the scroll with the letters of the Slavic alphabet. These letters are so beautiful!
Each letter in the Slavic alphabet is special. The letters reflect the spirit of the people: wisdom, strength and beauty. A deep meaning is already inherent in the name of each Slavic letter. Now we will find out.
Children come out with letter caps on their heads.
Letter "Az"
(14) Hello! I am the letter Az. I'm starting with the ABCs.
By the name of the first letter of the alphabet, the beginnings of literacy (and the beginnings of any business) were called “azas”. In the old days they said: “Wisdom begins with knowing the basics.”
Letter "Buki"
(15) And my name is the letter Buki. People say: “First, knowledge and science, then science.”
Letter "Lead"
(16) My name is the letter Vedi. I know everything, I know everything.
Leading
Do you know, letter Vedi, that our speech is like a garden? Beautiful flowers grow in this garden: are these smart, kind words? Let our children say some kind words now?
Children (say kind words)
« Mom”, “dad”, “sun”, “forgive”, “thank you”, “Motherland”, “light”, “book”, “rainbow”...
Leading
Let's think about the meaning of some words. For example, what do the words mean: (17)
"Hello"?
– Wishing you health and good health.
"Thank you"?
- “God bless you.”
"Thank you"?
– Give all the benefits.
"Mercy"?
– Sweet, kind heart.
Leading
Will anything change in the world if people speak kind, holy words more often?
Children (give answers)
– People will smile more and be happy.
– The world will become kinder.
– People will become kinder and cleaner...
Leading
You were able to name kind words and even explain the meaning of some words. How important it is that in our lives we try not only to speak, but also to do what these words call us to do - try to live simply and with love.
Now guess the riddles.
There are 33 heroes on the ABC book page.
Every literate person knows the sages-heroes.(18)
(Letters)
The Russian alphabet can be called the younger sister of the Slavic alphabet.
Not a tree, but leaves,
Not a shirt, but a sewn one.
(Book)(19)
1st Child Narrator
(20) Books came to Rus' with the adoption of Christianity in the 10th century.
In Kievan Rus, schools immediately arose where they taught reading, writing and “the art of books.”
2nd child narrator
(21) It took a long time to learn the alphabet. The teacher pronounced the name of each letter, and all the children loudly repeated after him in chorus. There was even a proverb: « They teach the alphabet, they shout at the whole hut.”
3rd child narrator
There was no paper then. They learned to write on birch bark - birch bark. With a sharp bone or metal rod, letters were scratched on birch bark. For this it was necessary to make an effort. There is a saying in Rus' that writing is not an easy matter:
“It seems: writing is an easy task; but they write with two fingers, but the whole body hurts.”
4th child narrator
(22) A little later, when paper appeared, students wrote in schools with quill quills, which they dipped in ink.
That's how wonderful it is at the beginning
Our diploma was there!
This is the pen they used to write with
From a goose wing!
This knife is for a reason
It was called "pocket".
They sharpened their pen,
If it wasn't spicy.
Will anyone today be able to guess the riddle that was invented in the ancient Russian school:
“Five oxen plow with one plow”? (23)
Leading
When a student in an old school already knew the letters, he began to learn to read from books.
Books in Rus' were treated with care, respect and accuracy.
Child reader
(25) It was difficult to read and write
To our ancestors in the old days,
And the girls were supposed to
Don't learn anything.
Only boys were trained.
Deacon with a pointer in his hand
I read books to them in a sing-song manner
In Slavic language.
So from the chronicles of old
Muscovite children knew
About Lithuanians, about Tatars
And about your homeland.
Leading
Do you want to hear how beautiful the Slavic language sounded?
The presenter or one of the adults reads a fragment of the text in Slavic.
Leading
The Slavic language became the basis of the Russian language. But the Slavic language itself still lives today. Hymns are sung in Slavic and services are performed in Orthodox churches.
Sometimes they say that the Slavic language is outdated and has become incomprehensible to modern people. But this is not entirely true, you just need to listen to its sound!..
The words in the Slavic language sound majestically and solemnly.
1st child narrator
(26) And I heard what they said about books in the old days: “I read from blackboard to blackboard” . Like this?
2nd child narrator
Since ancient times in Rus', in order to preserve a book, its cover was made from boards. The boards were covered with leather; When closing the book, the cover was fastened with metal fasteners. Such a book could serve for a long time. And to read such a book “from board to board” means to read from beginning to end, from the first wooden flap of the cover to the second.
3rd child narrator
(27) In the old Russian school there was a tradition - when a student completed some part of his education: learned letters, read his first book, but brought a pot of porridge to the teacher in gratitude for the science.
After lessons, all the students ate this porridge with the teacher.
1st child narrator
Since then, “classmates” began to be called those who studied together, which means they ate the same porridge at the end of their studies.
Children give the teacher a pot of porridge cooked by their parents with words of gratitude for the teaching.
Leading
Look, a few more initial letters of the Slavic alphabet have come to us.
Letter "Verb"
(28) Hello! I am the letter Verb.
To verb means “to speak”, “to say”. There is a saying: “Once you say your word, you won’t take it back.”
Leading
This means that in order to speak, you must first think. Now our guys will think and tell us proverbs about literacy and learning.(29)
Children
First az and beeches, then science.
Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.
Alphabet - the wisdom of the step.
What is written with a pen cannot be cut out with an axe.
(30) - He who wants to know a lot needs to sleep less.
The bird is red with its feather, and the man with his mind.
Learning to read and write is always useful.
Live and learn.
Leading
The letter “verb” teaches us to be wise, to own our word.
Letter "Good"
(31) Good afternoon! My name is the letter Good. The Russian people have also written many proverbs about goodness.
Children
(32) - If you spend an hour in goodness, will you forget all your grief?
Sow goodness, sprinkle goodness, reap goodness, bestow goodness.
If there is no good in him, there is little truth in him.
Goodness is not dashing - it walks quietly in the world.
Leading
(33) And here are some more Slavic letters, they have their own special names: “Is”, “Life”, “Earth”...
If you name the first letters of the Slavic alphabet one by one, you will get words with meaning:
Children
Az Letters I Know Verb
Good Is the Life of the Earth
Leading
(34) And here are some more letters: “People” and “Rtsy”.
Letter "Rtsy"
Hello, I'm Letter "Rtsy". No wonder I am proud of myself, because I am the beginning of the word “Rus”
Rus' is rich in talents,
Rus' is strong in talents.
If the boys sing,
So she will live.
Children sing a song about the Motherland.
Leading
Thank you, letters, for teaching us wisdom, beauty and kindness. (35) Thanks to the holy brothers Cyril and Methodius for giving us the Slavic alphabet.
In the modern Russian alphabet there are 33 letters, and from the ancient scroll of the Slavic alphabet 44 sister letters look at us.
Child reader
(36) So let us glorify these letters!
Let them come to the children.
And let him be famous
Our Slavic alphabet!
Annually May 24 celebrated in all Slavic countries Day of Slavic Literature and Culture
and solemnly glorify the creators
Slavic writing
Saints Cyril and Methodius - Slovenian teachers.
For the first time the Day of Slavic Literature
in modern Russia was celebrated in 1986. The address of the holiday changed every year:
in 1986 it was Murmansk, in 1987 - Vologda, in 1988 - Novgorod, in 1989 - Kyiv, in 1990 - Minsk...
The holiday has many faces and is varied.
He converts people
not only to the origins of writing,
but it also awakens creativity, increases civic activity, and awakens national self-awareness.
Holiday May 24 far exceeds the cultural framework of related Slavic peoples, has a wide public resonance, demonstrates our spiritual closeness to ancient Russian culture and expresses a huge creative need
in the awareness of love for one’s people, for one’s Motherland.
In 2013 the world
celebrated 1150 years
since the emergence of Slavic writing -
In the city of Pliska, the then capital of Bulgaria, the Thessalonica brothers Cyril and Methodius announced the invention of the Slavic alphabet.
Today Russians celebrate a special holiday -
a holiday of the native word, Slavic culture and Christian enlightenment.
who became the first enlighteners of Rus'.
This day began to be celebrated in Russia
from the second half of the 19th century, but according to some
reasons was forgotten.
Only since 1991, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation
and it was given the status of a public holiday, which indicates its enormous significance.
History of the creation of the alphabet
The new alphabet was named "Cyrillic"
named after one of the brothers, Constantine, who, having accepted monasticism, became Cyril.
And his elder brother Methodius helped him in the godly task of educating the Slavic peoples.
Cyril, who from an early age showed great abilities and perfectly comprehended all the sciences of his time, and also studied many languages, created the Slavic alphabet based on Greek. He significantly modified the Greek alphabet to more accurately represent the Slavic sound system.
Two alphabets were created - Glagolitic and Cyrillic.
In addition, the Greek brothers translated the Gospel, the Apostle and the Psalter into Slavic. The Day of Remembrance of these saints as the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture began to be celebrated in Bulgaria back in the 19th century, and then this tradition spread to other countries: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova. Currently, scientific forums are dedicated to this holiday, festivals, exhibitions, book fairs, poetry readings, amateur art shows, concerts and other various cultural events are held.
By the way, for the contribution of Saints Cyril and Methodius
into the culture of Europe, Pope John Paul II in 1980 declared them patrons of the Old Continent.
Day of Remembrance of the First Teachers of the Slavic Peoples - the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Brothers Cyril and Methodius
history of the holiday
- 1986- revival of the holiday
- 1991– approved as a public holiday
- Every year some city in Russia becomes the host of the holiday
- In all cities festivals and concerts are held
Slavic alphabet: Cyrillic and Glagolitic
Glagolitic
Cyrillic
In 893, the Cyrillic alphabet appeared, which eventually replaced the Glagolitic alphabet in all Slavic countries
Cyril and Methodius "transposed" the sounds of the Slavic language
on parchment
by using
that Glagolitic alphabet.
Letter styles
not preserved
Church Slavonic alphabet
Russian alphabet
The oldest book in Rus', written in Cyrillic, is
Ostromir Gospel - 1057
Changes were made during the time of Peter the Great
in the styles of some letters, and 11 letters were excluded
from the alphabet. The new alphabet has become poorer in content,
but simpler and more adapted to printing various civil business papers. This is how it got the name “civilian”. In 1918 it was held
new alphabet reform, and the Cyrillic alphabet has lost
four more letters: yat, i(I), izhitsu, fitu.
"A Primer in Faces"
Karion Istomina
Karion Istomin – famous publisher, teacher, translator, public figure of the 17th century. He received his education at the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy. At the Moscow Printing House he worked as a scribe, reader (proofreader), reference worker (editor) and, finally, publisher. He taught Greek and Latin at a printing school. He was a court poet and teacher of the children of the royal family, like Simeon of Polotsk. To teach the royal children (including young Peter I), he created several educational books preserved in manuscripts, including “Small Grammar.” But his main merit lies in the creation "A Primer in Faces" those. front (illustrated) primer, work on which continued for several years.
First, a handwritten copy was prepared, painted in gold and paints, which the compiler presented in 1692 to the mother of Peter I, Tsarina Natalia Kirillovna, for her grandson, Tsarevich Alexei. Another copy of the handwritten primer was received by the Tsarevich’s cousins, the young daughters of Tsar Ivan Alekseevich.
At the same time, work was underway to prepare for the publication of the Primer for wider distribution. But the Primer presented certain difficulties for publishing in a typographical manner, since it was richly illustrated. To fulfill his plan, K. Istomin attracted the famous engraver and printer Leonty Bunin, an engraving specialist
on copper plates. He owned a mill for printing engravings from copper boards. At that time there was not even such a camp
in the oldest center of Russian book printing -
at the Moscow Printing Yard.
The printed edition of the Primer was published in 1694
in the Moscow Printing Yard in circulation
106 copies.
The primer has 44 sheets and opens with a frontispiece, which contains text in a figured frame explaining the contents and purpose of the book.
In total there is more
400 drawings. Each page ends with verses,
in which objects are also called
to the desired letter.
For example, poetry
with the letter "K".
since the texts of the books are together
with illustrations, in addition to teaching reading, expanded
students' horizons.
This “Primer” is of great interest also because its compiler used the principle of visual teaching, following the Czech teacher Jan Amos Komensky,
whose works I was familiar with. In this "Primer",
Unlike the previous ones (for example, from the alphabet of I. Fedorov), there are no syllable combinations.
Similar techniques are only possible through
for more than a hundred years, in the 19th century, they were used in Russian primers. Simultaneously with learning to read, the child learned to write. Students are offered a variety of print and lowercase letter styles. By copying writing samples, students learned the material better. From church texts, the Primer includes short prayers. Let us point out one more undoubted advantage
“The primer” by K. Istomin, which reflects the progressive worldview of the compiler, - the primer is intended for teaching boys and girls -
“Those who have money should learn to write, boys and girls, husbands and wives.”
The value of the Primer also lies in its typographic design. The publication was a significant step forward in the development of printing,
in the spread of Russian metal engraving.
Thus, on the threshold of the 18th century, a new textbook was created, reflecting the pedagogical ideas of the Russian enlightener, new trends in Russian art of the 17th century, Western European artistic trends and encyclopedic ideas of the Russian people of the 17th century. The publication, of course, is a monument of book culture, shows the level of development of education and pedagogical thought and is the forerunner of the development of enlightenment in the 18th century.
And our dear Rus' will glorify Holy Apostles of the Slavs, And, with the sweet sound of their names Announcing your prayers, From century to century, from generation to generation She will honor their memory!
Primary school teacher
MAOU "Koshelikhinskaya Osh"
Sundukova Galina Vladimirovna
Day of Slavic Culture and Literature
Day of Remembrance of the First Teachers of the Slavic Peoples - the Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Brothers Cyril and Methodius
- The word “alphabet” comes from the names of the first two letters of the Slavic alphabet: A (az) and B (buki):
- ABC: AZ + BUKI and the word “alphabet” comes from the name of the first two letters of the Greek alphabet:
- ALPHABET: ALPHA + VITA
- The alphabet is much older than the alphabet. In the 9th century there was no alphabet, and the Slavs did not have their own letters. And therefore there was no writing. The Slavs could not write books or even letters to each other in their language.
The origins of Russian writing
ABC: AZ + BUKI
ALPHABET: ALPHA + VITA
greek letters:
Slavic letters:
Aa Bb Gg Dd Ee Kk Ll Mm
Aa Vv Gy Dd Her Kk Ll Mm
In the 9th century in Byzantium, in the city of Thessaloniki (now the city of Thessaloniki in Greece), two brothers lived - Constantine and Methodius.
City of Thessaloniki
(now called Thessaloniki).
Greece
- - a high-ranking warrior who ruled for about 10 years one of the Slavic principalities subordinate to Byzantium, which gave him the opportunity to learn the Slavic language
- From an early age he was distinguished by his mental abilities. While studying at the Thessaloniki school and not yet reaching the age of fifteen, he was already reading books
- compiled the Slavic alphabet,
- translated liturgical books from Greek into Slavic,
- contributed to the introduction and spread of Slavic worship.
Across broad Rus' - our mother
The bells ring out.
Now the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius
They are glorified for their efforts.
They remember Cyril and Methodius,
Glorious brothers equal to the apostles,
In Belarus, in Macedonia,
In Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia,
They praise the wise brothers in Bulgaria,
In Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia.
All the peoples who write in Cyrillic,
What have been called Slavic since ancient times,
They glorify the feat of the first teachers,
Christian enlighteners.
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Slide 2
Day of remembrance of the first teachers of the Slavic peoples - the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius.
Slide 3
history of the holiday
- 1986 – revival of the holiday
- 1991 – approved as a public holiday
- Every year some city in Russia becomes the host of the holiday
- Festivals and concerts are held in all cities
Slide 4
About the life of Cyril and Methodius
Cyril (born in 827, before becoming a monk - Constantine) and Methodius (born in 815, worldly name unknown) were born into the family of a Byzantine military leader from Thessalonica (Greece).
Slide 5
St. Methodius
St. Methodius is a high-ranking warrior who ruled for about 10 years one of the Slavic principalities subordinate to Byzantium, which gave him the opportunity to learn the Slavic language.
Slide 6
St. Cyril
From an early age, St. Cyril was distinguished by his mental abilities. While studying at the Thessaloniki school and not yet reaching the age of fifteen, he had already read the books of the most thoughtful of the Fathers of the Church - Gregory the Theologian (IV century).
Slide 7
About the life of Cyril and Methodius
In 861, the emperor summoned saints Constantine and Methodius from the monastery and sent them to the Khazars to preach the gospel.
Slide 8
In 863, the embassy of the ruler of the Great Moravian Empire (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bohemia, part of Austria and Hungary), Prince Rostislav, asked Emperor Michael to send teachers to preach in the country that had recently adopted Christianity.
Slide 9
With the help of brother Methodius, Cyril, in 6 months, compiled the Slavic alphabet (the so-called Glagolitic alphabet) and translated into Slavic the books without which the Divine service could not be performed: the Gospel Aprakos, the Apostle, the Psalter and selected services.
“...I will go with joy if they have letters for their language... Learning without the alphabet and without books is like writing a conversation on water.”
St. Cyril.
Slide 10
- In 868, Pope Andrian II consecrated the liturgical books translated by the brothers, blessing the holding of the liturgy in the Slavic language.
“If any of your teachers boldly begins to seduce you by reproaching the books of your tongue, let him be excommunicated until he corrects himself. Such people are wolves, not sheep...”
Andrian II.
Slide 11
February 14, 869 at the age of 42 Cyril dies in Rome
“You and I, brother, pulled one furrow, like a husband of oxen, and now, I fall on the ridge, ending my life. I know you love your native Olympus very much. Look, don’t leave our service even for his sake...”
Slide 12
After the death of his brother, Methodius continues to preach the gospel among the Slavs
Thanks to the activities of St. Methodius, both the Czechs and the Poles entered into a military alliance with Moravia, opposing the influence of the Germans.
“I was not silent out of fear and was always awake on guard.”
Slide 13
Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius were canonized in ancient times
In the Russian Orthodox Church, the memory of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles enlighteners of the Slavs has been honored since the 11th century
The memory of each of St. brothers are celebrated on the days of their death: St. Equal to the Apostles. Kirill – February 14 (Old style)/February 27 (according to the new art.). St. Equal to the Apostles Methodius – April 6/April 19. General church memory is celebrated on May 11/May 24.
Slide 14
The origins of Russian writing
Slide 15
Slavic alphabets: Cyrillic and Glagolitic
Glagolitic.
Cyril and Methodius “transferred” the sounds of the Slavic language onto parchment using that Glagolitic alphabet.
The letterforms have not been preserved.
Cyrillic.
In 893, the Cyrillic alphabet appeared, which eventually replaced the Glagolitic alphabet in all Slavic countries
Russian alphabet.
Church Slavonic alphabet.
Slide 16
Cyrillic letter
The characters of the Greek statutory alphabet served as a model for writing Cyrillic letters.
Ustava is a letter where the letters are written straight at the same distance from each other, without tilting - they seem to be “arranged”.
Slide 17
From the middle of the 14th century, semi-ustav became widespread, which was less beautiful than the charter but allowed you to write faster.
A slant has appeared in the letters, their geometry is not so noticeable; the ratio of thick and thin lines is no longer maintained; the text has already been divided into words.
Slide 18
In the 15th century, semi-ustav gave way to cursive writing.
Manuscripts written in a “quick manner” are distinguished by the coherent writing of adjacent letters and the sweep of the letter. In cursive writing, each letter had many different spellings. As speed develops, signs of individual handwriting appear.
Slide 19
The oldest book in Rus' written in Cyrillic is the Ostromir Gospel - 1057.
During the time of Peter the Great, changes were made to the designs of some letters, and 11 letters were excluded from the alphabet. The new alphabet became poorer in content, but simpler and more suitable for printing various civil business papers. This is how it got the name “civilian”. In 1918, a new alphabet reform was carried out, and the Cyrillic alphabet lost four more letters: yat, i(I), izhitsa, fita.
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