- Category: Arguments for the Unified State Exam essay
- L.N. Tolstoy's story "Childhood". In this work, the writer explores the process of character development. The consciousness of the hero Nikolenka Irtenyev reflected the entire rich spectrum of life experiences: childhood, family, class. Gradually, the hero begins to discover the world around him, people and explore his own soul. Thus, Nikolenka feels her moral separation from her friends and acquaintances. The father's authority collapses: the hero begins to understand that his mother is deprived of his attention. “The tragedy of the ruined life of the master’s faithful slave Natalya Savishna is revealed. The first competition of minds and characters takes place: Nikolenka and his older brother Volodya, Nikolenka and Seryozha Ivnin. Unconscious cruelty manifests itself... - pushing around Ilenka Grap. The main result of childhood is that all things and relationships are in motion, you are not alone in the world.”
- I.A. Goncharov - novel “Oblomov”. In this novel, the author deeply explores the nature of his hero, the origins of his character, in the pictures of Oblomov’s childhood. The author gives us these pictures in “Oblomov’s Dream”. We see here a description of nature. Her serenity and calmness are akin to a fairy tale. In this place there are no “dense forests”, a sad sea, mountains and abysses. But the sky there is “like a parent’s reliable roof”, the sun “shines brightly and hotly around noon and then moves away... as if reluctantly...”. And all the nature there represents “a series of... cheerful, smiling landscapes...”. This Central Russian nature with the leisurely flow of rivers and the serene spirit of the fields influenced Ilya’s gentle character. Next we find a description of landowner and peasant life. And again here is a kind of idyll: “Happy people lived, thinking that it shouldn’t and couldn’t be otherwise, confident that everyone else lived exactly the same way and that living differently is a sin...” Oblomovites are hardworking, religious, superstitious, they love listening to fairy tales and solving dreams. The hero will forever remember the endless winter evenings, the nanny's tales about a wonderful country where rivers of honey and milk flow, where beauties and good fellows walk. It was here, in Oblomovka, in his distant childhood years, that an important trait of his character was formed - poetic daydreaming. Legends and fairy tales, epics and parables determined his consciousness and attitude to life.
Another defining character trait of Oblomov is independence from the world of external life, a sense of inner freedom. That is why service only as a career, secular friends, empty women who are unable to give happiness, turn out to be alien to the hero. “These are all dead people. Sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society! - says Oblomov. He is looking for perfection in this world, “the norm, the ideal of life, which nature indicated as the goal for man.” In his actions and thoughts, Ilya Ilyich is noble, his soul is “pure and clear as glass.”
However, life on the family estate also shaped the negative aspects of Oblomov’s character. So, little Ilyusha grew up active and inquisitive, but his best impulses were suppressed. The constant care of parents and nannies did not give the child the opportunity to fully develop. All his attempts to do something on his own were refuted by arguments: “Why? Where? And what about Vaska, and Vanka, and Zakharka?” His studies at the Stolz boarding school proceeded intermittently, and he became indifferent to science. Gradually, laziness, inertia, apathy, and indifference to life developed in the child.
Ilya Ilyich dreams of love and family, but he is not given the opportunity to experience the ideal feeling. He breaks up with Olga Ilyinskaya because she cannot give him real happiness. Agafya Pshenitsyna, with her character and way of life, is somewhat closer to the female type that existed in his childhood. And that is why he remains on the Vyborg side, in the house of Agafya Matveevna, she becomes the same Militrisa Kirbitievna about whom the nanny read to him. This is how the fairy tale is embodied in Oblomov’s life. Thus, childhood years, according to the writer, completely determine our character and life scenario.
- F. Iskander - book “Reflections of a Writer” (collection of essays and journalism). The author identifies two types of creativity in Russian literature - “home” and “homelessness”. Poets, defenders and organizers of the “home” - Pushkin, Tolstoy, Akhmatova. The authors of “homelessness” are Lermontov, Dostoevsky, Tsvetaeva. Thus, Lermontov’s Pechorin destroys Bela’s house, Grushnitsky’s house, being homeless, he himself dies in Persia. Pushkinsky Eugene in the poem “The Bronze Horseman,” on the contrary, defends his right to the house, rebelling against Peter. We find poetry at home in Eugene Onegin and The Captain's Daughter.
- Events that occurred in childhood awaken new aspirations in a person
- A person’s adult life is largely determined by what he learned as a child.
- People remember moments from childhood throughout their lives as the happiest.
- A difficult childhood may not break a person, but make him much stronger
- The love with which a child is surrounded is not always good for him
- Childhood is a preparation for adult life, because already in childhood a person begins to form moral values
Arguments
I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov". Since childhood, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov was surrounded by love, care and tenderness. His parents did not bother too much with household chores, thinking more about delicious food and preferring the obligatory afternoon nap. The whole family caressed Ilyusha, the only child in the family, so he grew up dependent: everything that was possible was done for him by servants and parents. Oblomov’s childhood could not help but affect his future: Ilya Ilyich’s values have not changed over the years. And Oblomovka, his native village, remained a symbol of an ideal life for the hero.
L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". Children from the Rostov family grew up in an atmosphere of love and care. They were not afraid to express their emotions, they learned from their parents sincerity, honesty and openness to people. A cloudless childhood made the heroes not lazy and idle, but kind and sympathetic people with a sensitive heart. Petya Rostov, having absorbed the best qualities of his parents, realizes his positive character traits in adulthood. He cannot remain indifferent when he learns that war is starting. The childhood of Prince Andrei and Princess Marya cannot be called cloudless: their father was always strict and sometimes rude to them. But the high moral values instilled by their father in childhood became decisive in the adult lives of the heroes. Andrei and Marya Bolkonsky grew up to be true patriots, fair and honest people.
M. Gorky “Childhood”. The fate of Alyosha Peshkov was not easy. By the time he started school, his family was so poor that the child was forced to earn his own living. After some time, Alyosha, on the instructions of his grandfather, had to go “into the people”, that is, leave home to earn money. But the misfortunes did not end there: those close to him began to die one after another, and the boy’s peers did not like him at all. And although Alyosha Peshkov had a difficult childhood, he developed the most important internal qualities for a person: kindness, the ability to compassion, sensitivity. Difficult life circumstances did not take away from him the most important thing that makes a person valuable.
Y. Yakovlev “He killed my dog.” Even in childhood, an important personality quality is born in a person - the ability to sympathize with all living things. From the story we learn about Sashka, who decided to shelter a stray dog. Not a single adult supported the boy’s desire to help a living creature. The cruel father shot the animal at the first opportunity. Sashka was shocked. He decided that he would always protect abandoned animals when he became an adult. An incident that happened to the hero in childhood awakened in him the principles of his future life.
Arguments from Olga Gromova’s book “Sugar Baby”
1. The problem of education.
The parents of little Stella Nudolskaya from Olga Gromova’s book “The Sugar Baby” worked a lot and were very busy people, but they always had time to organize intellectual games for the child, teach the girl languages, drawing and singing. For the rest of her life, she remembered the important rules of a “good person” who is not afraid of difficulties, “unties all the knots himself” and knows how to endure. All this helped Stella become truly strong, brave and free.
2. The problem of the role of literature in human life.
The main character of Olga Gromova’s book “Sugar Baby” Stella remembers that books were an important part of their family’s life. They had a wonderful library and a tradition of evening reading aloud. This is how the child developed the idea that a book is a friend, adviser and support in any situation. Later, in exile, in a Kyrgyz village, these readings will be resumed for people united by a common misfortune. They will listen to poems and poems by A.S. Pushkin, and the Kyrgyz epic “Manas”. In this way, literature will unite people of different nationalities and ages with different life experiences and education.
3. The problem of overcoming life's difficulties, perseverance and patience.
The main character of Olga Gromova’s book “Sugar Baby” Stella Nudolskaya and her mother were subjected to repression: they were sent into exile as members of the family of an enemy of the people. It was difficult for a woman who had suffered bone tuberculosis to cope with heavy physical work, she was afraid for the fate of her daughter, but she never complained of pain or fatigue. It was the mother’s fortitude, courage and perseverance that helped her and Stella survive in inhuman conditions and at the same time remain proud, internally free people.
4. The problem of mercy.
The main character of Olga Gromova’s book “Sugar Baby,” Stella, remembers how the Yuzhakovs, risking their freedom, unselfishly helped exiles survive, simply because they saw how difficult it was for a woman and her daughter to cope with poverty and illness. The Yuzhakovs took care of Stella and her mother: they treated them, fed them, helped with the move, and brought food. This is an example of compassion.
5. The role of parental love.
Let us recall the biography of Stella Nudolskaya from Olga Gromova’s book “Sugar Baby”. A woman who has suffered many troubles, injustice and cruelty in her life remembers with gratitude her parents, who treated her with love and always supported her. As a child, they always devoted a lot of time to their daughter: played with her, read books to her, taught her languages. From childhood, Stella learned many truths that helped develop her character, the main one being “Slavery is a state of mind. A free person cannot be made a slave.”
6. The problem of hard work.
An example of a hardworking person is Savely Yuzhakov from Olga Gromova’s book “Sugar Baby”. This man dedicated his entire life to hard peasant labor and introduced his children to work from childhood: the boys, along with their father, plowed, sowed, and mowed, the girls helped their mother with everything around the house. In addition, Saveliy carved wood beautifully, felted shoes, and his wife and daughters spun and sewed. The efforts of the whole family bore fruit: the economy of the “Yuzhaks” was strong, despite the difficulties, collectivization, and difficult climate.
7. The problem of finding the meaning of life.
Let us remember Olga Gromova’s book “Sugar Baby,” which tells about the fate of a repressed family. Stella, the main character of the work, more than once wonders what the meaning of life is, what are the guidelines that should be followed on the path of life. Raised, despite all the difficulties, as a free person, Stella considers the increase of goodness to be her main goal in life. Having endured many hardships, even in old age she does not give up her active life position and participates in collecting funds for humanitarian aid to people affected by the earthquake.
8. The problem of the struggle for truth, justice
Let us turn to Olga Gromova’s book “Sugar Baby,” which focuses on the fate of the repressed girl Stella Nudolskaya. The girl, even under the threat of expulsion from the pioneers, which was considered a disgrace in those years, refuses to paint over the portraits of Blucher and Tukhachevsky in the textbook, since she considers them worthy people who contributed to the history of our country. This is a worthy act, showing the strength of character of the heroine of the work.
9. The problem of patriotism
Let's remember Olga Gromova's book “Sugar Baby”. Stella Nudolskaya, the main character of this work, despite the difficulties of the fate of a person who was repressed in childhood and declared a traitor to the homeland by a family member, remains faithful to her Fatherland. She doesn’t even think about emigrating, because she understands that the country is not only the leaders, the government, but also the people, therefore leaving her native land at a difficult time for the Fatherland is impossible, she needs to serve people and do good.
10. The problem of responsibility for moral choice.
Olga Gromova, in her book “Sugar Baby,” reflects on how to make the right moral choice so as not to lose self-respect and not lose human dignity. Stella Nudolskaya, the main character of the work, talks with her mother about why honest and hardworking people who served the people are declared enemies of the people and fists. At the end of the conversation, the girl understands that when evaluating people, you need to “listen to your heart” and think for yourself, and not blindly believe loud words, slogans, accusations and praises. Stella comes to the conclusion that everyone must choose which side they take and be responsible for their own decisions.
11. Friendship problem
Let us turn to Olga Gromova’s book “Sugar Baby”, in the center of the narrative of which is the fate of Stella Nudolskaya. Having been repressed and finding herself with her mother in distant Kyrgyzstan, the main character of the work understands the value of friendship. When a girl is expelled from the pioneers because she refuses to cross out the portraits of Blucher and Tukhachevsky in the textbook, her comrades do not leave her in trouble. Sapkos and Frida support Stella and remain true friends, despite the fact that they could also be condemned for communicating with her.
Arguments from Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “My horses are flying...”
The problem of love for a small homeland.
The problem of love for one’s small homeland has been raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author admits that he was “fabulously lucky” to be born in Smolensk. With a feeling of pride, the prose writer talks about the history of the city, about the people who live in it, about the oak tree that has preserved the “eternally living warmth” of the past. The narrator understands that there are more beautiful cities on earth, but it was Smolensk that became dear because it is “the cradle of childhood.”
The problem of patriotism
The problem of patriotism was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author admits that his love for the Fatherland began with respect for the history of his native city, with the ability to appreciate the traditions of his family and his people. It is for Smolensk, where he spent his childhood, that young lieutenant Vasiliev goes to fight, realizing that the “cradle of childhood” cannot be given to the enemy.
The problem of being kind to others
Many writers have raised the problem of having a good attitude towards other people in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In this work, the author, talking about his childhood, recalls that it was “saturated with Good.” Helping neighbors who were having a hard time was the norm, and there was no expectation of praise or reward for it. This “simplest form of goodness” helped the narrator form moral values and maintain humanity into old age.
The problem of education
The problem of education was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author, talking about his childhood, demonstrates how his parents raised him, instilling in him “a great sense of everyday everyday internationalism,” hard work, a reverent attitude towards books, and the ability to sacrifice what is necessary for the sake of people. The parents, by their example, showed the boy how to live in order to be a “quite good” person. For example, my father never allowed himself to use a company car for personal purposes, because he considered such an act dishonorable.
The influence of nature on humans
The problem of education was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In this work, the author talks about a huge old oak tree, “the most ancient inhabitant” of Smolensk. The boy remembered the beauty and grandeur of this tree, which preserves the history of centuries, for the rest of his life. It was this oak tree that made him think about the role of history in the life of every person.
The problem of the role of childhood, childhood memories in human life
The problem of the role of childhood and childhood memories in a person’s life was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In this work, the author, a man who has experienced a lot, remembers with reverent feeling those who “gifted him with childhood and warmed him with their own hearts,” because it was in childhood that those traits were laid down that helped him survive during the difficult years of the war, which made him a creator and a person who value spirituality above all else.
The problem of self-sacrifice, love for people
The problem of self-sacrifice and love for people was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In this work, the author talks about the fate of Dr. Jansen, “the holy city of Smolensk.” This man devoted his life to selfless service to people. A doctor in an area where the poor lived, he worked seven days a week and on holidays, and was always polite and patient. Dr. Jansen sacrificed himself to save two boys who fell into a sewer shaft while playing and could have suffocated. The whole of Smolensk came to the funeral of this worthy man.
The problem of the role of art in human life
The problem of the role of art in human life has been raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In this work, the author sees the function of art as saturating human life with meaning, teaching people to doubt, feel and suffer. All this, according to the writer, prolongs physical and spiritual life.
The problem of finding the meaning of life
Many writers have raised the problem of the meaning of life in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author talks about how, trying to comprehend the purpose of his own existence, he turns to his father with the question: “Why has a person been given so much?” And he receives a short but succinct answer: “For work.” It was this conversation that helped the young man to believe in “the need for persistent, daily, frantic work.” He saw this as a high goal, increasing goodness in the world.
The problem of the role of work in human life
The problem of the role of work in human life was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author talks about his family, in which everyone worked. From early childhood, the narrator remembers hands burned by weeded grass, his father, who in his free time repaired and restored something, his mother and aunt, who were always darning and altering something. For them, a person who did not want to work “was obviously perceived with a negative sign if he was healthy.”
11/ The problem of spirituality, moral values
The role of literature and reading in the formation of personality
The problem of literature and reading in the formation of personality was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author talks about his family, the main value of which was books. For the rest of his life, the boy remembered how in the evenings they read aloud the classics, literature that “is read, figuratively speaking, with the hat off.” This is how he discovered Turgenev, Goncharov, Gogol, Lermontov... The works of great writers formed the best character traits of the future writer, while he “remained on his knees before Literature.”
Problems with animals
Many writers have raised the problem of attitudes towards animals in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author encourages readers to see in animals not amusement, not a whim, but helpers, necessary for people and therefore respected. It is then that animals ennoble a person, make him kinder, more demanding of himself. The main thing is not to forget about our responsibility to our smaller brothers and to be merciful to them. This is exactly what one can call the narrator’s father, who fed dogs abandoned by people, and they responded to him with devoted service.
The problem of perseverance in overcoming difficulties
The problem of perseverance in overcoming difficulties was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author talks about his father, who never abandoned the business he started, because he believed: “it’s all about desire and work.” This man always had the strength to overcome obstacles. For example, he took it upon himself to repair junk cars in order to teach newbies how to drive. The officer worked without sparing his time, and he managed to “breathe life into these auto corpses.”
The problem of courage and heroism
The problem of courage and heroism was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author talks about his father, a modest and taciturn man who, in an extreme situation, showed fortitude and courage. When, due to the boy’s carelessness, a fire broke out in the garage, threatening to spread to residential buildings, the father, risking his life, pulled out an already flaming barrel of gasoline, thereby saving people from the fire.
Problem of conscience
The problem of conscience was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author talks about his father, a modest and taciturn man who, despite the fact that he had the right to a personal car and had three cars at his disposal, never used them for personal purposes, because he was ashamed of people, because technology and gasoline were state property.
The problem of mercy, the ability to live not for oneself
The problem of mercy, the ability to live not for oneself, was raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author talks about his grandmother, who knew how to sympathize with someone else's misfortune. For example, when she finds out that one of her friends has been living without electricity and a stove for a month, she gives her her kerosene along with a can and does not regret it at all.
The Problem of Mother's Love
The problem of maternal love has been raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author talks about his mother, who gave him life, risking her own, because she was “burned by consumption.” The narrator carried this feat of maternal love, self-denial and sacrifice throughout his entire life. The writer remembers with gratitude that his mother taught him not to complain about life, to be friends with people, not paying attention to their nationality, and to read classical literature.
The problem of historical memory
The problem of historical memory has been raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author shares his views on the role of memory of ancestors in the life of each of us. The prose writer believes that the words of A.S. have not lost their relevance. Pushkin about the fact that one should be proud of the glory of one’s ancestors, and not respect it - shameful cowardice. It is history that connects generations, preserves traditions and “does not allow a person to remain a barbarian.”
The problem of the role of a teacher in a person’s life
The problem of the role of a teacher in a person’s life has been raised by many writers in their works. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. In it, the author gratefully talks about his first teacher, who saw her duty not in “stuffing” children with knowledge, making future “robot specialists” out of them, but in “raising Citizens of their Fatherland.” It was she who allowed the children to touch the past of the Motherland and instilled in them a love of history.
21. The problem of the influence of war on human destiny
The problem of the influence of war on a person’s fate was raised in their works by many writers. Let us recall the autobiographical story of B.L. Vasiliev “My horses are flying...”. Being a participant in the Second World War, Boris Vasiliev says that the weight of it is still impossible to throw off one’s shoulders. He calls this time a charred piece of biography and considers it his duty to write about that wartime. That is why the story “Not on the Lists” appears. This is a wreath of memory for the grave of my closest friend Nikolai Pluzhnikov. The military generation was deprived of youth: early responsibility made them young adults.
Arguments from the book “Letters about Good” by Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev
The problem of finding purpose and meaning in life
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist convinces young readers that “increasing goodness in the world around us” is the highest and worthy goal of human life. Anyone who considers a career or material wealth to be their main value is mistaken, because all of this can be lost in one moment. And a person who rejoices in every good deed he does does not lose, but gains, the respect and gratitude of those around him.
The problem of honor and dignity
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist is convinced that every person should follow the wise folk proverb and take care of honor from a young age. After all, our actions live in people's memory. The worthy ones will warm your heart in old age, and the bad ones will not let you sleep peacefully at night.
The problem of love
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist convinces young readers that love is necessary, since it is what makes a person better and helps him gain wisdom. However, this feeling should not be unconscious or blind. You need to see the shortcomings of your loved one and help him fight them.
The problem of truth and honesty
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist is convinced that lies and cunning are always directed against the deceiver. The academician considers loyalty to truth and justice to be the highest feeling. A wise person will not dodge; the truth gives him the most valuable thing in life - a calm conscience.
The problem of patriotism and nationalism
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist convinces young readers that they need to be patriots, not nationalists. There is no need to hate other nations if you love your own. A true patriot must know and appreciate the history of his country, strive to do everything possible for the prosperity of the Fatherland.
The problem of treating people kindly
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist is convinced that it is necessary to be open and tolerant of other people's shortcomings. You need to look for the good in people. This ability to see the “overshadowed” beauty in a person enriches spiritually.
The problem of resentment and revenge
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist convinces young readers that they should not stoop to resentment, because excessive touchiness is a sign of a complex, so it is necessary to learn to forgive and never take revenge, as this allows a person to pay more attention to good feelings.
The problem of greed, greed
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist convinces young readers that greed is “oblivion of one’s own dignity,” a disgusting feeling, humiliating for a person, hostile to him and others. Greed, unlike reasonable frugality, is a disease that takes possession of the mind.
The problem of maintaining the purity of the Russian language
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist convinces young readers that language is an indicator of human culture, the degree of psychological balance, and spiritual strength. People who “spit words” injure those around them; a self-confident person will not swear or use jargon: he knows that his word is already weighty.
The problem of manifestation of conscience
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist is convinced that conscience always comes from the depths of the soul and is “purified to one degree or another.” It is this feeling that “gnaws” at a person for the bad deeds he has committed. Moreover, conscience is never false. A truly honest person considers it his life guide.
The problem of intelligence
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist convinces young readers that a person must be intelligent under any circumstances. What does intelligence look like? It is not only about knowledge, but also about the ability to understand others, to be tolerant of other people’s opinions, and to honor all the best traditions of the past.
The problem of envy
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist convinces young readers that envy is a terrible, destructive feeling that is characteristic of people who have not found their way in life, who are insecure and complex. To get rid of envy, you need to develop unique traits in yourself and strive to be yourself.
The problem of education
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist is convinced that a well-mannered person is one “who wants and knows how to take others into account.” It is not enough to read and study books about the rules of etiquette; you need to learn to take care of the world and people around you, and respect the past of your country.
The problem of happiness
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist is convinced that “spiritual culture” makes a person happy, because it is what fills people’s lives with meaning. Those who follow the “paths of goodness” can be considered the happiest.
The problem of education, enlightenment
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist is convinced that one should always study, but a particularly favorable time for receiving a good education is youth. Knowledge grows and multiplies, so self-education is necessary to promote intellectual growth and broaden one’s horizons.
The problem of historical memory
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist convinces young readers that young people should strive to better know the past of their family, city, country and the whole world. However, this is not enough: we also need to carefully preserve cultural monuments, objects left over from our ancestors, in order to convey history to our descendants. After all, a people who forgets about the past has no right to the future.
The problem of the influence of works of art on humans
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist convinces young readers that art ennobles a person, opens his soul to perceive beauty, and teaches humanity. You only need to be “armed with knowledge” and information when handling great works. After all, knowledge is power, and art is “inaccessible to the powerless.”
The problem of nature conservation
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist is convinced that environmental laws must be observed, because their violation will lead to the physical death of people. In addition, the landscape of each country is an important element of national culture, since nature is “an expression of the soul of the people.” Not taking care of it means destroying the culture of your country.
Vandalism, destruction of cultural monuments
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist convinces young readers that the “stock of cultural monuments” is extremely limited and is being depleted at a progressive rate. Therefore, in order not to be “those who do not remember kinship,” we must treat the cultural environment with care, otherwise we will have nothing to leave to our descendants.
The problem of mercy and compassion
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist convinces young readers that a person should be caring and merciful. Compassion is a manifestation of morality; it unites people, makes them fight for humanity, justice, and the preservation of nature and the past of their country. This feeling helps people not to become hardened in soul, since it was forgotten, it needs to be revived.
The problem of a scientist's responsibility for a discovery
Let us recall the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The academician convinces young readers that a man of science bears moral responsibility for his discoveries. In the age of machines and robots, atomic energy and biological weapons, scientists must be especially careful and try not to harm the environment and people.
Memory problem
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist is convinced that memory is overcoming time and death, therefore “a memoryless person is an ungrateful, irresponsible person and incapable of noble deeds.” The younger generation needs to take care of memory and know that it is “our wealth.”
The role of youth, youth in a person’s destiny
Another example is the collection of journalistic articles by D.S. Likhachev “Letters about goodness”. The scientist is convinced that youth is the time when a person makes real friends and develops habits that will help or hinder him in the future. For example, it is important to instill hard work in youth, since there is nothing more unfortunate than “a person who is lazy and avoids effort.” It must be remembered that actions committed in youth will warm the heart in old age, and bad ones “will not let you sleep.”
Childhood is the brightest and purest time in the life of every person. It is difficult to say exactly when childhood ends and adulthood begins. This line simply does not exist: it is so blurred that it is almost imperceptible. We all keep in our memory moments from childhood, because it is then that we learn everything and rejoice with sincere, sparkling eyes. But the Many-Wise Litrekon knows that literary examples for essay-reasoning 15.3 about childhood are not easy to find, because authors more often describe the adult life of heroes. That is why he has prepared an interesting and useful selection of arguments for you.
- IN V. Rasputin's story “French Lessons” describes the childhood of Volodya, who faced hardship and hunger while still a very young boy. His mother sent him to study in the city, because his son demonstrated good learning abilities. But everything that the poor woman was able to collect for the child was taken by the relative with whom Vova lived. As a result, the boy had to look for sources of income through gambling, which his teacher took advantage of to convince the proud student to accept help. So, childhood is not always carefree and rosy, so it is necessary to appreciate what we have.
- IN work by L.N. Tolstoy "Childhood" The main character is experiencing a happy period of childhood: he loves his caring and beautiful parents immensely, feels the emergence of his first feelings for Katya in his heart, and is friends with his brother and other children. All household members, even the teacher and servants, look after Nikolenka and treat him well. But even such a serene childhood inevitably ends: the hero’s mother dies, and he, having seen her off on her last journey, no longer feels the lightness and joy of childhood.
- In I. Bunin’s story “Numbers” describes the childhood of the inquisitive and stubborn boy Zhenya. He really wanted to learn numbers and learn to count, but his uncle, who promised to do this, again postponed the training to another time. The hero was offended, a quarrel occurred. But an adult realized in time that the child cannot wait, that he sees the world and himself in it differently. The uncle made peace with his nephew and showed him the numbers. This example shows how much children need the understanding and support of adults, who do their best to protect them from tragic early adulthood.
- IN M. Gorky's work "Childhood" The main character went through a not very joyful time as a child. His father died, his mother built her own life, and the grandfather with whom he lived mercilessly flogged his grandson and beat his wife in front of him. His uncles constantly argued over money, and only his grandmother paid enough attention to Lexei. That is why it was very difficult for him to break out among people and escape from poverty, because the foundations for personal growth are laid in childhood.
- Lisa's childhood ( “Poor Liza” by N. M. Karamzin) passed carefree. She lived with loving parents and knew no need. The father spoiled his daughter and wife. But the family breadwinner died, and the very young girl had to provide for her family on her own. The heroine's childhood is contrasted with adult life, so gloomy and cruel. It was the serious consequences of childhood carelessness that confronted her with problems that were quite adult. Lisa, not accustomed to betrayal, made a mistake and trusted a dishonest man. Having never achieved moral and psychological maturity, she committed suicide, unable to cope with adult difficulties.
- It is truly difficult to maintain the serenity of childhood during war years, when even a child cannot feel protected. Yes, in the work V. Bykov “Obelisk” The little heroes grew up early and decided to take revenge on the local police for their betrayal and push their car into the river. But the military operation failed, and the young partisans became prisoners. Despite the intercession of their teacher, the boys were executed. But the memory of their childhood heroism is still alive.
- IN comedy by D. I. Fonvizin “The Minor” Mitrofanushka's childhood is shown. The hero is not denied anything; he lives exclusively for himself and for himself. All he needs to be happy is satiety and idleness. Such a spoiled childhood develops laziness and selfishness in a person. There is not a single positive trait left in the character of the “big child”. He gets used to the fact that everything is allowed to him, so he is not ready to change for the better.
- Grinev's childhood ( “The Captain's Daughter” by A. S. Pushkin) raised him to be a decent and honest person. The parents passed on all their values and life experiences to their son. In addition, thanks to the mentorship of the wise Savelich, Petrusha Grinev learned not only the luxury of the nobility, but also the life of the common people. The teacher taught the master to be careful with money, demonstrated the strongest devotion to service, setting a good example for the young officer. Thus, competent education lays the foundation for the personality of an adult.
- N.V. Gogol in the story "Taras Bulba" depicts the environment in which Ostap and Andriy spent their childhood. Here, in the Sich, the Cossacks grew up and became real men. The father always raised his sons in strictness, taught them to be faithful and devoted to the Motherland. But the severity and patriarchal morals of the Sich also had another impact on the children: the fact that Taras beat and did not respect his wife was deposited in Andriy’s memory. Perhaps that is why he betrayed his homeland: he wanted to live a different, more civilized life. Using his example, it becomes obvious that childhood largely determines the fate of an individual.
- V. G. Korolenko in the story “In Bad Society” creates images of small children, each of whom suffers. Vasya does not experience a drop of fatherly love; he lost his mother at the age of six. His new friends, Valek and Marusya, live in a dungeon, beggar and starve. The children have not become bitter; on the contrary, they teach many adults to be honest, first of all, with themselves, and teach them to remain devoted to friendship. The child's death depicted in the story makes us think about the fate of all the poor children who, through no fault of their own, find themselves below the poverty line. Such childhood evokes compassion and at the same time pride in the fortitude of such children.
For us, “military boys,” the harsh, demanding years coincided with the age-related laws of human upbringing. And the teenagers did everything themselves. We learned from adults and from each other, our pride pushed us: Petka can do it, but why can I?
Composition
Perhaps it’s no secret that it is during childhood that a person’s personality, his interests, preferences and attitude towards the world around him are formed. It is not without reason that in this text V. Peskov raises the problem of the role of childhood in a person’s destiny. The author talks about “military boys” who were able to do a lot during difficult years. They skillfully performed household chores, read books, and thereby developed their powers of observation, the desire to try everything, to learn everything. In addition, V. Peskov says that every teenager should work, receive “lessons of courage”, which “must be consciously cultivated (in the family, in the camp, at school”). After all, a person must be able to solve life’s problems and be able to cope with them if necessary.
The author's position is that childhood and what a person does during this period, what life lessons he receives - all this influences his personal development, teaches him the necessary knowledge that will be useful in the future. I, of course, agree with the author’s position, because indeed everything that we learn from our experience from childhood is subsequently reflected in our adult life.
As an argument, I will turn to the work of L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace", in which Andrei Bolkonsky grew up in a military family. As a result, from childhood the hero knew about different tactics and strategies of warfare and had excellent military training. That is why, as he grew older, the hero showed himself during the war with the French. All his best qualities, such as valor, honor, dignity, of course, came from childhood, in which the hero laid the foundations for the formation of his personality.
Let us also remember V.P. Astafiev’s “The Horse with a Pink Mane,” in which the main character deceived his grandmother in his childhood and thereby learned a great life lesson. Having gone into the forest to pick berries, he collected only a few, and filled the rest of the basket with grass. The next day his grandmother went to sell berries to the market, but the boy never had time to inform her about the deception. And this action of the boy, which was caused, rather, by a childish prank, rather than by vile intentions, greatly influenced the formation of his personality. And all this will probably affect his adult life.
Thus, to summarize, we can conclude that childhood really plays a big role in a person’s destiny. It has a huge impact on the development of the child and his future life.