Presentation on the topic of polecat and Kalinich. Literature lesson on the topic: “Images of peasants in I.S. Turgenev’s story “Khor and Kalinich”. Outline of a literature lesson (grade 7) on the topic. View the contents of the “open lesson” presentation

I.S. Turgenev "Khor and Kalinich".

Complex social relations in the village

Good afternoon, guys!

The lesson will be devoted to studying the story of I.S. Turgenev "Khor and Kalinich". During the lesson you will identify different but complementary sides of the nature of Russian people - social and natural.

“Notes of a Hunter” is a collection of stories by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, published in 1847-1851 in the Sovremennik magazine and published as a separate edition in 1852. The story "Khor and Kalinich" is included in this cycle. “Notes of a Hunter” depicts provincial Russia. The topic itself seems to exclude critical approaches to state Russia, not presenting any danger to the “higher spheres.” Perhaps this circumstance partly lulled the censorship. But Turgenev widens the curtain of the provincial stage, showing what is going on there, behind the scenes. The reader feels the deadening pressure of those spheres of life that hang over the Russian province, which dictate their laws to it.

"Khor and Kalinich" (story by A. Papanov), recording 1977

At the beginning of the work we learnabout Volkhov and Zhizdrinsky districts.Volkhov district in the Oryol province (non-black earth region), Zhizdrensky - in Kaluga province (non-black earth region).

I.S. Turgenev gives an accurate description of the lifestyle and spiritual appearance of peasants in various provinces of Russia. By the beginning of the 19th century. There were two forms of serfdom: corvee and quitrent.

Corvee - free forced labor of a dependent peasant working with personal equipment on the farm of the land owner. Corvee work could include field work, carriage duties, construction and handicraft work, and wood cutting.

Obrok - one of the duties of dependent peasants, which consists of paying tribute to the landowner in food or money.

The difference in socio-economic conditions was reflected in its own way in the characters of the black earth peasants, where corvée existed, and the non-black earth provinces, where quitrents were common.

“And on the plowed ground he flogged his own woman.” The boundaries of landowners' estates, not established by strict legislative acts, were a constant cause for civil strife among the nobility, from which the serfs who were deprived of their land suffered primarily. Rich landowners, using their position, shamelessly cut land from small neighbors.

Over the centuries, an unnatural order of things has developed, entered into the flesh and blood of the national character, and left its harsh stamp even on the nature of Russia. Throughout the book, Turgenev drew a stable, repeating motif of a mutilated landscape. It first appears in “Khora and Kalinich”, where it is briefly reported about the Oryol village.

• What detail in the episode indicates this?

In the work we meet one small landowner, Polutykin.

• How is the landowner Polutykin portrayed in the story? What meaning does the author’s assessment of “an excellent person” take on?

Not for nothing about Polutikine it is said in passing: this man is so insignificant, so empty compared to the full-blooded characters of the peasants. “Great man” sounds ironic.

At the end of the story, the phrase sounds: “Shoot your own black grouse and change the headman more often.” Through the mouth of a serf, Turgenev gives a negative assessment of the cultural and economic capabilities of the Russian nobleman. The peasant treats the landowner with disdain, considering him an empty person, completely unsuited to useful, practical activity.

Turgenev shows a social conflict in the book, dramatically pitting against each other two national images of the world, two Russias - official, serf-like, deadening life, on the one hand, and folk-peasant, living and poetic life, on the other. And all the heroes gravitate towards one of two poles - “dead” or “alive”.

In the work we meet two peasants: Khorem and Kalinich.

ferret represents a healthy practical principle: being a quit-rent peasant, Khor lives independently of his landowner, Polutykin, his farm is well-established, and he has many children. The author especially notes the active mind of his hero as an integral part of his nature.

• What is the meaning of the narrator's comparison of Chorus with Socrates?
• Why doesn’t Khor want to free himself from serfdom?
• Which principle predominates in the image of Khor - rational or ideal? Find the answer to the question in the text.

The most important means of characterizing a hero is a parallel with another character, Kalinich. They are clearly opposed as rationalist and idealist. However, in his relationship with Kalinich, the hero shows himself from a different side. Friendship with Kalinich reveals in the image of Khor such features as an understanding of music and nature.

• What is Kalinich like in the story by I.S. Turgenev? How does the landowner Polutykin speak about him?

The everyday life of the hero, who does not have business acumen, is poorly organized: he has no family, he has to spend all his time with his landowner Polutykin, go hunting with him, etc. At the same time, there is no servility in Kalinich’s behavior; he loves and respects Polutykin, completely trusts him and watches him like a child.

In contrast to Khoryu, Kalinich symbolizes the poetic side of the Russian national character. It manifests itselfin dreaminess, enthusiasm, disdain for material goods, kindness, love for people, desire to serve them, trust in the world, moral purity, in touching friendship with Khorem.

In “Notes of a Hunter,” a certain type of Russian national character is reflected in the image of Khor, testifying to the viability of a rational, solid, businesslike principle.

The image of Kalinich in “Notes of a Hunter” reveals a whole series of “free people” from the people: they cannot constantly live in the same place, doing the same thing. This type, with its poetry, spiritual gentleness, sensitive attitude to nature, is no less important for Turgenev than a reasonable and practical hero: they both represent different, but complementary sides of the nature of the Russian person. This is a harmonious unity, this is a happy union in the Russian character of the social and the natural.

There is another hero in the work - narrator. Heinspires sympathy among the heroes because he treats people with respect. The narrator seeks the essence of what he saw and heard, comes to generalizations and conclusions, in a word, “examines” the life that interests him.

Test

Homework.

2. Assignment according to options:

Option 1 - write a story about Nikolai Ivanovich,Morgache;

Option 2 - write a story about Stupid,Wild Master

Slender boy. Hunter. What story was not in the boys' stories. What the boys did at night in the meadow. Hair is disheveled. Descriptions of the characters in the story. The face is small. Events in the story. What struck the author about children. Bezhin meadow. The boy was only seven years old. Ilyusha. White hair. Author.

“Bazarov and Kirsanov” - Peasantry. Bazarov. Education. Upbringing. P.P. Kirsanov. The life story of Pavel Petrovich. Fathers and sons. Disputes between the heroes of the novel “Fathers and Sons.” Attitude towards others. Main lines of dispute. Ideological differences between Bazarov and the elder Kirsanovs. Bazarov's relationship with N.P. and P.P. Kirsanov. Ideological conflict. Test based on the novel by I.S. Turgenev. Collection of material on heroes. Text assignment. Nihilism. Quarrel between P.P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov.

“Gerasim and the heroes of the story” - Lady. Moral superiority. Gavrila. Gerasim. The moral superiority of Gerasim over other heroes of the story. Writer's creativity. Creation of the story "Mumu". Turgenev's childhood. Kapiton. Descendant's opinion. Russian prose writer. Tatiana. Physical handicap.

“The book “Bezhin Meadow”” - Countless gold stars. Meadow. Strength. Hunting equipment of Turgenev. A story about Trishka. A boy of about ten years old. Story. Stories told by boys. Face. Artistic media. Field. Turgenev hunting with Dianka. Summer evening. Artist E. Bem. I.S. Turgenev “Bezhin Meadow”. All the scary stories in the story are chosen so that they harmonize and... “Turgenev draws with love and tenderness in the story “Bezhin Meadow.”

“Themes of Turgenev’s “Prose Poems”” - Prose Poems. Poems. For the literature lesson. Themes of poems. Laconism and freedom. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev “Poems in prose.” Bougival. Thoughts and feelings. Polina Viardot. Illustration for the poem “Threshold”. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. Illustration for the poem “Old Man”. Creativity of I.S. Turgenev. A cycle united by a common tonality.

"Gerasim" - Gerasim and Tatiana. Gerasim near the lady's house. Victory or defeat of Gerasim. Gerasim is carrying water. Why did Gerasim obey the lady. Characteristics plan for the hero. He began to run, search, click. Duel in Gerasim's soul. Mumu in the lady's living room. Teach elements of the main character's characteristics. Character traits. Exhibition of drawings. Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. Gerasim and the servants.

Lesson in 7th grade

I. S. Turgenev “Khor and Kalinich”

Target:

1. Familiarize students with the writer’s biography and the main milestones of his work.

2. Tell about interesting facts from the writer’s life.

3. Give a general description of the work “Khor and Kalinich”

Lesson progress

Organizational moment.

Checking homework. Conversation on an article read at home about Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

Look at the portrait of Ivan Sergeevich and try to describe his character, manners, try to imagine what he was like in his youth and what his lifestyle was like.

Did you know such facts from the life of the writer?

- Ivan Turgenev with a hole in his head

Turgenev could rightly be called “the biggest head of Russian literature.” In any case, as anatomists have established, his brain - 2000 grams - exceeds the weight of the brains of other famous people. Perhaps this is why, as Botkin put it, “the creator simply did not have enough material for such a large head”: the bone on the writer’s crown was so thin that, according to Turgenev, the brain could be felt through it. Because of this feature, when struck on the head with his hand, Turgenev lost consciousness or fell into a semi-fainting state. When he was later accused of being weak-bodied, he said: “And what kind of willpower can you expect from me, when until now even my skull could not grow together. It wouldn’t hurt me to bequeath it to the academy museum... What can you expect when there’s a failure right at the top of your head!”

Turgenev's frivolous youth

In his youth, Turgenev was a very frivolous person, to say the least. He could, for example, invite a bunch of guests to dinner and then “accidentally” forget about it. The next day, the guests, of course, expressed their extreme dissatisfaction with the careless owner. Turgenev began to wring his hands and desperately apologize, citing various reasons. Then he immediately invited him to dinner, promising to atone for his guilt with an unheard-of feast. The guests softened, but when, on the appointed day and hour, they again came to Turgenev, the owner... was not at home again! Then everything was repeated: warm apologies and new invitations to dinner... For these and other “pranks” Belinsky called Turgenev nothing more than a “boy”.

Ivan Sergeevich loved to show off. He liked to show off in a blue tailcoat with gold buttons depicting lion heads, light checkered trousers, a white vest and a colored tie. Alexander Herzen, after his first meeting with Turgenev, called him Khlestakov.

In Germany, where he came to complete his education, Turgenev completely lost control: participating in almost all student feasts and dubious adventures, he began to squander his parents’ money left and right, while forgetting to write letters to his mother. The mother sent money and food to the prodigal son, but the son squandered everything and did not even thank him. Finally, the money transfers stopped. This forced him to calm down for a while. One day Turgenev received an unpaid package of extraordinary weight from Russia. He paid his last pennies for sending it, printed it out... and gasped: mother filled the parcel with bricks!

Great oddities of Turgenev

“Turgenev is a woman’s soul in the rough guise of a cyclops,” is how the French writer Daudet described Ivan Sergeevich. Pisemsky called him “a gentle giant, with the eyes of a dying gazelle.” Despite his great height and wrestling physique, Turgenev was a surprisingly gentle, non-conflict person.

Turgenev had a thin, almost feminine voice. This discrepancy between the high tenor and his heroic chest was immediately noticeable. Being completely devoid of musical ear, he nevertheless loved to sing. And although he could not hit a single right note, the listeners were delighted with this comic spectacle. “What should I do? After all, I myself know that I don’t have a voice, but just a pig!” - Turgenev lamented.

Like any outstanding person, Ivan Sergeevich had his own oddities. Take, for example, his way of laughing. According to Fet, he laughed in the most contagious way: “He fell to the floor and, standing on all fours, continued to laugh and shake his whole body.” When the blues attacked him, he put a tall cap on his head and... put himself in a corner. And he stood there until the melancholy passed.

It should also be noted his extreme cleanliness and almost manic love for order. Twice a day he changed his linen and wiped himself with a sponge and cologne, sat down to write, tidied up the room and the papers on the table, and even got up at night, remembering that the scissors were not in the place they should be. His mood would deteriorate if the window curtains were not drawn carefully. I couldn’t write if at least one thing on the desk was out of place.

In the mornings, Turgenev took a long time to attend to his toilet and combed his hair especially carefully. “Look,” he said to Polonsky, “I start on the right with this ridge... fifty times, then to the left... fifty times; then with another, more frequent comb - a hundred times. And then - with a brush. You're surprised, aren't you? But, you see, combing my hair well and being immaculately smoothed has always been my passion since childhood.”

This is our Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

But, despite this lifestyle and his quirks, he is a talented person. He wrote a huge number of prose poems, novellas and short stories, which are now studied at school. , , , . , ( , ( ), ( ), ( ), , ( ).

In this list we see stories next to which there is a note in brackets “A Hunter's Note”. What do you think this is?

- “Notes of a Hunter” is a cycle of stories by I. S. Turgenev, initially consisting of 22 essays. A passionate lover of nature, Turgenev made extensive use of descriptions of nature in his work, which constitute the best pages in the history of the Russian literary landscape. Turgenev treated nature as an elemental force living an independent life. Turgenev's landscapes are strikingly concrete and at the same time covered in the experiences of the narrator and the characters; they are dynamic and closely related to the action. To deceive suspicious censors, Turgenev used ambiguous expressions, subtly used allusions, and sometimes even compositional rearrangements of events. A remarkable example of such a “deceptive” manner is the short story “Yermolai and the Miller’s Wife,” in which the story of the unfortunate Arina is deliberately “hidden” in the middle of a seemingly ordinary essay on a hunting theme. The “Aesopian style” of writing helped “Notes of a Hunter” pass the censorship. The greater was her rage after the publication of “Notes” in the world. The author of “Notes of a Hunter” found a new typological principle, created characters who later formed, as it were, the internal psychological core of the heroes of his famous ideological novels. These are the types of rationalist, skeptical thinker close to nature
Turgenev's artistic innovation manifested itself most forcefully in the images of peasants. Never before have they been displayed in such abundance on the pages of realistic works. Turgenev brings his “men” closer to the readers, he makes them the main characters of the entire cycle. Peasants and serfs in “Notes of a Hunter” are tortured for unheated wine, they are exiled to distant villages, evicted from fertile lands, doomed to all the horrors of the twenty-five-year Nikolaev soldiery.
But, although Turgenev talks a lot about the various forms of oppression of peasants, this is not the main subject of his attention as an artist. Unlike Gogol, who captured in “Dead Souls” the pernicious influence of serfdom on the peasants (the stupidity of Petrushka, the slavish obedience of Selifan), Turgenev with all his might affirms in “Notes of a Hunter” the theme of the spiritual greatness of the Russian peasantry. He showed the peasants as gifted, sometimes deeply talented, Russian people. He sympathetically highlighted Khor's intelligence, curiosity, hard work, and practical acumen, and along with this, Kalinich's romantic purity and dreaminess, Yakov's artistic artistry, and Kasyan's tireless love of truth.
Turgenev depicted peasant girls with special sympathy - the selfless love of Matryona, the gullibility and poetry of Akulina, the fortitude of the buried Lukerya. In the story “Bezhin Meadow”, Turgenev was one of the first Russian writers to realistically depict peasant children. With the entire totality of his peasant images, Turgenev argued that in in his country there are not only “dead souls” of landowner-serf Russia, but also “living souls” of the ordinary Russian people.
“Notes of a Hunter” is dominated by three themes: the life of peasants, the life of landowners and the spiritual world of the educated class. The main pathos of this cycle is the image of the people's forces suppressed by serfdom, the boundless talent, moral and spiritual beauty of the people.
Belinsky wrote that the author here “came to the people from a side from which no one had approached them before,” that is, from the moral and ethical side.
This, first of all, consisted of Turgenev’s powerful protest against serfdom.
For Turgenev, nature is the main element; it subjugates man and shapes his inner world. The Russian forest, in which “stately aspens babble,” “a mighty oak tree stands like a fighter next to a beautiful linden tree,” and the vast steppe - these are the main elements that define the national traits of the Russian person in “Notes of a Hunter.”

Listen to the history of the creation of this work.

- The story “Khor and Kalinich” in the series “Notes of a Hunter” reveals the inner strengths of the Russian person, the prospects for his further growth and development, reveals their giftedness, talent, and their high spiritual qualities. Turgenev leads the reader to the idea that all “living Russia, not only peasant, but also noble” should take part in the fight against the national enemy (serfdom).

At home you read the story “Khor and Kalinich”, let’s talk about this work.

Questions about the content of the story “Khor and Kalinich”:

From whom is the story told?

What was the landowner's name?

Who did the heroes of the work stop at on their way to Mr. Polutykin?

Who is Kalinich?

What is the difference between Khor and Kalinich?

Find words in the text that describe Khorya.

Find the lines in the text that talk about Kalinich

What Khor and the author talk about in the morning.

Why doesn’t Khor want to buy his freedom?

How did Khor treat the woman?

What do you think explains his attitude towards the Russian woman?

How does Khor speak about the Russian woman during a conversation with his son Fyodor?

4. Lesson summary:

Write an annotation for the work “Khor and Kalinich”

To use presentation previews, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

I.S. Turgenev. "MUMU"

I.S. Turgenev “Bezhin Meadow”

“...it is not surprising that the little play “Khor and Kalinich” was such a success: in it the author approached the people from a side from which no one had approached them before.” V.G. Belinsky

Vasily Grigorievich Perov. "Hunters at Rest"

Working with text

Kalinich sang quite pleasantly and played the balalaika. The ferret listened, listened to him, tilted his head to the side and began to pull him up in a plaintive voice.

Quirk is one of the duties of dependent peasants, which consists of paying the landowner in food or money.

Corvée is the free forced labor of a serf peasant working with his own equipment in a lordly (landowner) household.

... a high, knobby forehead, the same small eyes, the same snub nose. (He) was preoccupied with administrative and state issues... burst into laughter, and his small eyes completely disappeared. ...an old man - bald, short, broad-shouldered and stocky ... has bred a large family, obedient and unanimous WHO IS THIS? PETTER

WHO IS THIS? KALINYCH His good-natured dark face, marked here and there with mountain ash (He) was more touched by descriptions of nature, mountains, waterfalls, extraordinary buildings, big cities ... did not like to reason and believed everything blindly ... ... sang quite pleasantly and played the balalaika. ...there once was a wife whom he was afraid of, but there were no children at all.

Which of the characters in the story did I like? Why?

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

The article discusses some ways to solve the problem of developing reading interests among students....

Methodological development of an extracurricular reading lesson in 6th grade “The book teaches how to live in the world. Moral lessons in A.P. Gaidar’s story “Timur and his team” (lesson project with a multimedia application)

This lesson opens a series of extracurricular reading lessons within the framework of the project “The book teaches how to live in the world. Moral lessons in the works of domestic and foreign writers.” The lessons are aimed at...

Lesson summary. Development of an extracurricular reading lesson. Lesson - travel “Through Sholokhov places.”

Goals: to deepen ideas about the writer’s personality, about the life sources of his works; make it clear how he reached such high heights in his work; based on the example of the life and work of M. Sholokhov...

The drawing on the rock, at what times did the arat or the warrior inflict you with his chisel? What times, what seeds do you carry these days, dispassionate and calm?.. The drawing on the rock, in my resurrected dream, appeared again...

Slide 1

Slide 2

Slide 3

Slide 4

Slide 5

Slide 6

Slide 7