Images of regimental ladies in the story duel. The depiction of the crisis of the army as a crisis of Russian life in the story by A.I. Kuprin "Duel. The main characters of the story

"Duel" (1905)

Objective of the lesson: show the significance of Kuprin’s story for society’s awareness of the crisis of all Russian life; humanistic, anti-war pathos of the story.

Methodical techniques:analytical conversation, commented reading.

Lesson progress

1. Teacher's word. The revolutionary era confronted all writers with an urgent need to understand the historical destinies of Russia, its people, and national culture. These global issues led to the creation of large “numerous” canvases. Writers interpreted the pace of the world in a contradictory time. This is how Bunin’s stories “The Duel”, “Sukhodol” and “The Village” were written; “Judas Iscariot” by L. Andreev; “Movements”, “Little Bear” by Sergeev-Tsensky.

At first glance, the story (any of them) is simple in its content. But according to the author’s generalizations, it is multi-layered, reminiscent of a “casket within a casket” containing a jewel.

The story "The Duel" published in May 1905, during the days of the defeat of the Russian fleet at Tsushima. The image of a backward, incapacitated army, decayed officers, and downtrodden soldiers had an important socio-political meaning: it was an answer to the question about the causes of the Far Eastern catastrophe. With harsh strokes, as if reckoning with the past, Kuprin draws the army to which he devoted his youth.

This story can be defined as psychological and philosophical. There hasn't been a work like this since Fathers and Sons.

1. Conversation on the novel:

1. What is the theme of the story?The main theme is the crisis of Russia, of all spheres of Russian life. Gorky noted the critical orientation of the story, classifying “The Duel” as civic, revolutionary prose. The story had a wide resonance, brought Kuprin all-Russian fame, and became a reason for controversy in the press about the fate of the Russian army. The problems of the army always reflect the general problems of society. In this sense, Kuprin’s story is still relevant today.
2. Having dedicated “The Duel” in its first publication to Gorky, Kuprin wrote to him: “Now, finally, when it’s all over, I can say that everything bold and violent in my story belongs to you. If you knew how much I learned from Vasya, how grateful I am to you for it.”
3. What, in your opinion, in “The Duel” can be defined as “ bold and exuberant"? From the denial of petty rituals (keeping your hands at your sides and your heels together in a conversation with your superiors, pulling your toe down when marching, shouting “On your shoulder!”, Chapter 9, p. 336.), the main character of “The Duel,” Romashov, comes to denying that that in a rationally organized societythere shouldn't be wars: « Maybe all this is some kind of general mistake, some kind of worldwide delusion, insanity? Is it natural to kill? “Let’s say, tomorrow, let’s say, this very second this thought occurred to everyone: the Russians, the Germans, the British, the Japanese... And now there is no more war, no more officers and soldiers, everyone has gone home.”Romashov naively believes that in order to eliminate war it is necessary for all people to suddenly see the light and declare with one voice:“I don’t want to fight!” and threw down their weapons. "What courage ! – said admiringly L. Tolstoy about Romashov. – And how did the censorship miss this and how did the military not protest?”

The preaching of peacekeeping ideas caused strong attacks in the fierce magazine campaign unleashed around the "Duel", and military officials were especially indignant. The story was a major literary event that sounded topical.

1. What thematic lines can be identified in the story?There are several of them: the life of officers, the combat and barracks life of soldiers, relationships between people. It turns out that not all people hold the same pacifist views as Romashov.

1. How does Kuprin paint images of officers?Kuprin knew the army environment very well from his many years of experience. The images of the officers are given accurately. Realistic, with merciless authenticity. Almost all the officers in “The Duel” are nonentities, drunkards, stupid and cruel careerists and ignoramuses.

Moreover, they are confident in their class and moral superiority, and treat civilians with contempt, whom they call “hazel grouse", "shpak", "shtafirka" Even Pushkin for them" some kind of shpak " Among them, it is considered “youthful to scold or beat up a civilian for no apparent reason, to put out a lit cigarette on his nose, to pull a top hat over his ears.” Unfounded arrogance, perverted ideas about the “honor of the uniform” and honor in general, rudeness are a consequence of isolation, isolation from society, inactivity, and dull drills. In ugly revelries, drunkenness, and absurd antics, some kind of blind, animalistic expression was expressed.a senseless rebellion against mortal melancholy and monotony.Officers are not used to thinking and reasoning; some seriously believe that in military service in general “you're not supposed to think"(similar thoughts visited N. Rostov).

Literary critic Yu. V. Babicheva writes: “The officers of the regiment have a single “typical” face with clear signs of caste limitations, senseless cruelty, cynicism, vulgarity and arrogance. At the same time, as the plot develops, each officer, typical in his caste ugliness, is shown at least for a moment as what he could have become if not for the destructive influence of the army».

1. Do you agree that the officers in the story “The Duel” have a single “typical” face? If so, how does this unity manifest itself?The writer shows the officer environment in a vertical section: corporals, junior officers, senior officers, senior officers. "With the exception of a few ambitious and careerists, all officers served as forced, unpleasant, disgusting corvée, languishing with it and not loving it" Scary picture "ugly general revelry" officers. 406, ch. 18.

1. In addition to the common features characteristic of most officers, each of them hasindividual traits,depicted so vividly and expressively that the image becomes almost symbolic:

A) Regimental commander Shulgovich, under his thunderous bourbonism, hides his concern for the officers.

B) What can you say about Osadchy’s image?The image of Osadchy is ominous. "He's a cruel man."- Romashov says about him. Osadchy's cruelty was constantly experienced by the soldiers, who trembled from his thunderous voice and the inhuman force of his blows. In Osadchy’s company, suicides of soldiers occurred more often than in others. The bestial, bloodthirsty Osadchy, in disputes about the duel, insists on the need for a fatal outcome of the duel - “otherwise it will only be a stupid pity... a comedy.”At the picnic he makes a toast "for the joy of former wars, for the cheerful bloody cruelty" In a bloody battle he finds pleasure, he is intoxicated by the smell of blood, he is ready to chop, stab, shoot all his life - no matter who and for what ( Ch. 8, 14)

Q) Tell us about your impressions of Captain Plum. « Even in the regiment, which, due to the conditions of wild provincial life, was not distinguished by a particularly humane direction, he was some kind of outlandish monument to this ferocious military antiquity.”He did not read a single book, not a single newspaper, and despised everything that went beyond the boundaries of the system, regulations and company. This is a lethargic, dejected man, he brutally beats soldiers until they bleed, but he is attentive."to the soldiers' needs: does not withhold money, personally monitors the company boiler"(chapter 10, 337)

D) What is the difference between Captain Stelkovsky,commander of the 5th company? Perhaps only the image of Captain Stelkovsky - patient, cold-blooded, persistent - does not cause disgust, "soldiers are loved truly: an example, perhaps, the only one in the Russian army"(chapter 15. 376 - 377). “In his company they didn’t fight or even swear, although they weren’t particularly gentle, and yet the company, in its magnificent appearance and training, was not inferior to any guards unit.”It was his company at the May review that brought tears to the corps commander’s eyes.

D) Lieutenant Colonel Rafalsky (Brem) loves animals and devotes all his free and non-free time to collecting a rare domestic menagerie.352.

E) What are the distinctive features of Bek-Agamalov? He boasts about his ability to chop, and says with regret that he probably won’t cut a person in half: “I’ll blow my head to hell, I know that, but so that it’s askew... no.” My father did it easily…» (« Yes, there were people in our time..."). With his evil eyes, his hooked nose and bared teeth, he "looked like some kind of predatory, angry and proud bird"(chapter 1)

8) Bestiality generally distinguishes many officers. During a scandal in a brothel, this bestial essence emerges especially clearly: in Bek-Agamalov’s bulging eyes “the exposed round whites sparkled terribly,” his head" was lowered low and menacingly,” “an ominous yellow shine lit up in her eyes». “And at the same time, he bent his legs lower and lower, shrank all over and drew his neck into himself, like an animal ready to make a jump.”. After this scandal, which ended in a fight and a challenge to a duel, “everyone dispersed, embarrassed, depressed, avoiding looking at each other. Everyone was afraid to read in the eyes of others their own horror, their slavish, guilty melancholy - the horror and melancholy of small, evil and dirty animals"(chapter 19).

9) Let us pay attention to the contrast of this description with the following description of the dawn “with a clear, child-like sky and still cool air. Trees, wet, shrouded in barely visibleferry, silently woke up from their dark, mysterious night dreams" Romashov feels “short, disgusting, ugly and infinitely alien among this innocent beauty of the morning, smiling awake».

As Kuprin’s mouthpiece Nazansky says,“all of them, even the best, the most tender of them, wonderful fathers and attentive husbands - all of them in the service become base, cowardly, stupid animals. You may ask: why? Yes, precisely because none of them believes in the service and does not see a reasonable goal for this service».

10) How are the “regimental ladies” depicted?Officers' wives are just as predatory and bloodthirsty as their husbands. Evil, stupid, ignorant, hypocritical. Regimental ladies are the personification of extreme squalor. Their everyday life is woven from gossip, the provincial game of secularism, boring and vulgar connections. The most repulsive image is Raisa Peterson, the wife of Captain Talman. Evil, stupid, depraved and vindictive. "Oh, how disgusting she is!”- Romashov thinks about her with disgust. "And from the thought of his previous physical intimacy with this woman, he felt as if he had not washed for several months and had not changed his linen” (chapter 9).

The rest of the “ladies” are no better. Even the outwardly charmingShurochka Nikolaevafeatures of Osadchy, who seem to be unlike him, appear: she advocates fights with a fatal outcome, says: “I would shoot such people like rabid dogs" There is no truly feminine thing left in her: “I don't want a child. Ugh, what disgusting! - she admits to Romashov (chapter 14).

1. What role do images play? soldier? They are depicted as a mass, motley in national composition, but gray in essence. The soldiers are completely powerless: the officers take their anger out on them, beat them, crush their teeth, and break their eardrums.
2. Kuprin gives and customized looks(there are about 20 of them in the story). A whole series of ordinary soldiers - in chapter 11:

A) poorly thinking, slow-witted B Ondarenko,

B) intimidated, deafened by shouts Arkhipov, who " does not understand and cannot learn the simplest things»,

B) loser Khlebnikov. 340, 375, 348/2.His image is more detailed than others. A ruined, landless and impoverished Russian peasant, “shaved into a soldier."Khlebnikov's lot as a soldier is painful and pitiful. Corporal punishment and constant humiliation are his lot. Sick and weak, with a face " in the fist ", on which a dirty nose stuck up absurdly, with eyes in which "frozen in dull, submissive horror“, this soldier became a general ridicule in the company and an object for mockery and abuse. He is driven to thoughts of suicide, from which Romashov saves him, who sees a human brother in Khlebnikov. Feeling sorry for Khlebnikov, Romashov says: “Khlebnikov, are you feeling bad? And I don’t feel good, my dear... I don’t understand anything that’s going on in the world. Everything is some kind of wild, senseless, cruel nonsense!But we must endure, my dear, we must endure.…» Khlebnikov, although he sees in Romashov a kind person who has a humane attitude towards a simple soldier, but, first of all, sees in him master The cruelty, injustice, and absurdity of life become obvious, but the hero sees no way out of this horror other than patience.

G) educated, smart, independent Fokin.

Depicting gray, depersonalized, oppressed « own ignorance, general slavery, bosses’ indifference, arbitrariness and violence» soldiers, Kuprin evokes compassion in the reader for them, shows that in fact these are living people, and not faceless “cogs” of a military machine.

So Kuprin addresses another, very important topic.– the theme of personality.

D. z. 1) Prepare messages based on the images of Romashov and Nazansky (in groups) (portrait characteristics, relationships with people, views, attitude towards service, etc.)

2) Answer the questions:

How is the theme of love resolved in the story?

What is the meaning of the title of the story?

Lesson 2

Subject: The metaphorical nature of the title of A. I. Kuprin’s story “The Duel.”

Objective of the lesson: analyze the images of heroes expressing the author’s position in the story.

Methodical techniques:student messages, work on text, analytical conversation.

1. Checking the house. assignments.The author's ideals are expressed by heroes opposed to the bulk - Romashov and Nazansky. These heroes are represented by several students (in groups)
2. Characteristics of the image of Nazansky.The conversations between Romashov and Nazansky contain the essence of the story.

A) We learn about Nazansky from a conversation between the Nikolaevs and Romashov ( Ch. 4): this is an “inveterate man”, he “ goes on leave for one month due to domestic circumstances... This means he started drinking”; “Such officers are a disgrace to the regiment, an abomination!”

B) Chapter 5 contains a description of the meeting between Romashov and Nazansky. We see first "a white figure and a golden-haired head"Nazansky, we hear his calm voice, we get acquainted with his home: " 288", ch. 5. All this, and even a direct look "thoughtful, beautiful blue eyes"contradicts what the Nikolaevs said about him. Nazansky argues “about sublime matters", philosophizes, and this, from the point of view of others, - "nonsense, idle and absurd chatter" He thinks about "289". This is for him "290/1 " He feels someone else's joy and someone else's sorrow, feelsinjustice exists good with Troy, the aimlessness of your life, searches and does not find a way out of the dead end. 431-432.

Description of the landscape, the mysterious night opening from the window, according to himsublime words: "290/2".

Nazansky's face seems to Romashov "beautiful and interesting": golden hair, a high, clean forehead, a neck of noble design, a massive and graceful head, similar to the head of one of the Greek heroes or sages, clear blue eyes looking "lively, smart and meek" True, this description of an almost ideal hero ends with a revelation: “ 291/1".

Dreaming of " future godlike life", Nazansky glorifies the power and beauty of the human mind, enthusiastically calls for respect for man, speaks passionately about love - and at the same time expresses the views of the author himself: " 293/1 " According to Kuprin, love is akin to musical talent. Kuprin will develop this theme later in the story “The Garnet Bracelet,” and much of what Nazansky said will directly transfer into the story.

B) “435 - underlined” (chapter 21 ). Preaches equality and happiness, glorifies the human mind.

In the passionate speeches of Nazanskya lot of bile and anger, thoughts about the need to fight against"two-headed monster" - the tsarist autocracy andpolice regime in the country, premonitions of the inevitability of deep social upheavals: « 433/1 " Believes in the future life.

He anti-military and armies in general, condemns the brutal treatment of soldiers(ch.21, 430 – 432 ). Nazansky’s accusatory speeches are filled with open pathos. This is peculiar hero's duel with a senseless and cruel system. Some of the statements of this hero, as Kuprin himself later said, “sound like a gramophone"but they are dear to the writer, who invested in Nazansky a lot that worried him.

D) Why do you think such a hero was needed next to Romashov in “The Duel”?Nazansky asserts: there is only man, complete freedom of man. Romashov embodies the principle of human unfreedom. The door is not closed, you can go out. Romashov recalls that his mother tied him to the bed with the thinnest thread. It aroused mystical fear in him, although it could have been broken.

1. Characteristics of Romashov.

Lieutenant Romashov, the main character of “The Duel,” becomes infected with Nazansky’s moods and thoughts. This is a typical Kuprin image of a truth-seeker and humanist. Romashovgiven in constant movement, in the process of his internal change and spiritual growth. Kuprin reproduces not the entire biography of the hero, and the most important pointin it, without a beginning, but with a tragic end.

Portrait the hero is outwardly expressive: “ 260, ch. 1 ”, sometimes simple-minded. However, in Romashov’s actions one can feel inner strength , coming from a sense of rightness and justice. For example, he unexpectedly defends the Tatar Sharafutdinov, who does not understand Russian, from the colonel who insults him (chapter 1, 262-263 )

He stands up for soldier Khlebnikov when a non-commissioned officer wants to beat him ( Chapter 10, 340/1).

He even prevails over the bestial Bek-Agamalov, when he almost hacked to death with a saber a woman from a brothel where officers were carousing: “ Chapter 18, 414" . Bek-Agamalov is grateful to Romashov for not letting him, who had become brutal from drunkenness, hack a woman to death

In all these fights Romashov rises to the occasion.

- What kind of life does he lead?? (bored, drunk, lonely, in a relationship with an unloved woman)

There are plans ? Extensive in self-education, study of languages, literature, art. But they remain only plans.

What does he dream about? About a brilliant career, he sees himself as an outstanding commander. His dreams are poetic, but are wasted. 267-269.

- Where Romashov likes to go? Meet trains at the station, 265. chapter 2. His heart strives for beauty. Wed. from Tolstoy (“Resurrection”), Nekrasov (“Troika”), Blok (“On the Railroad”, 439) Direct reminiscence ( echo, influence of someone's creativity in a work of art). The railway is read as a theme of distance, a theme of life's exit

Romashov is a romantic, subtle nature. He has " 264 " Attractive in the herospiritual gentleness, kindness , innate sense of justice. All this sharply distinguishes him from the other officers of the regiment.

The army situation in a mediocre regiment is painful and boring. Military practice is senseless and sometimes idiotic. His disappointments are painful.

- Why is Kuprin's hero young?The soul-deadening bureaucracy reigns over blooming youth. By choosing a young hero, Kuprin intensified the torment "absurdity, incomprehensibility».

What feeling does Romashov evoke in the reader?Deep sympathy.

Romashov has evolutionary tendency. Moves towards knowledge of life.Collision between man and officerfirst happens in Romashov himself, in his soul and consciousness. This internal struggle gradually turns into an open one. duel with Nikolaev and with all the officers. P. 312 (7 chapters), 348, 349, 419.

Romashov graduallyfreed from false understanding of honorofficer's uniform. The turning point was the hero’s reflections on the position of the human person in society, his internal monologue in defense of human rights, dignity and freedom. Romashova "I was stunned and shocked by the unexpectedly bright consciousness of my individuality.”and he rebelled in his own way against depersonalization of a person in military service, in defense of the ordinary soldier. He is indignant at the regimental authorities, who maintain a state of hostility between soldiers and officers. But his impulses to protest are replaced by complete apathy and indifference, his soul is often overwhelmed by depression: “My life is gone!

The feeling of absurdity, confusion, and incomprehensibility of life depresses him. During a conversation with a sick, disfigured Khlebnikov Romashov is experiencingacute pity and compassion for him(ch. 16 ). He, brought up in the spirit of superiority over the mass of soldiers, indifference to the difficult fate of soldiers, begins to understand that Khlebnikov and his comrades are depersonalized and oppressed by their own ignorance, general slavery, arbitrariness and violence, that soldiers are also people who have the right to sympathy. 402/1, 342 .

A. And Kuprin recalled that the scene near the railroad bed made a great impression on Gorky: " When I read the conversation between Second Lieutenant Romashov and the pathetic soldier Khlebnikov, Alexey Maksimovich was moved, and it was scary to see this big man with wet eyes.”

Unexpectedly for himself, he suddenly rebels against God himself, who allows evil and injustice (another duel , perhaps the most important)."402". He closed in on himself, focused on his inner world, firmly decided to break with military service in order to start a new life:"403"; "404/1 “- this is how Romashov defines for himself the worthy purpose of life.

A modest person grows spiritually and discovers the eternal values ​​of existence. Kuprin sees in the hero’s youth hope for the future transformation of the world. The service makes a repulsive impression on him precisely because of its unnaturalness and inhumanity. However, Romashov does not have time to fulfill his dream and dies as a result of betrayal.

4. Thoughts about the possibility of another life are combined with thoughts about love forShurochka Nikolaeva. Sweet, feminine Shurochka, with whom Nazansky is in love, essentiallyguilty of the murder of Romashov in a duel. Self-interest, calculation, lust for power, double-mindedness, « some kind of evil and proud force“, Shurochka’s resourcefulness is not noticed by the loving Romashov. She demands: "You definitely have to shoot tomorrow“- and Romashov agrees for her sake to a duel that could have been avoided.

Types of business people have already been created in Russian literature (Chichikov. Stolz). Shurochka is a business man in a skirt. She strives to break out of her environment. The only way is for her husband to enter the academy; he strives to leave for the capital from the bourgeois province. 280, 4 ch.

In order to gain her place in the world, she rejects the passionate love of Nazansky, and sacrifices Romashov for the sake of preserving her husband’s reputation and career. Outwardly charming and smart, she appears disgusting in a conversation with Romashov on the eve of the duel. 440/2.

1. Discussion of the meaning of the story's title.

A) The title itself conveys the personal and social conflict at the heart of the plot.

Plot aspect. P fights , which we have already talked about, inevitably and naturally lead to a denouement - to the last fight.

Final Feature. The duel between Romashov and Nikolaev is not described in the story. ABOUT death of Romashov communicate dry, official, soulless lines report Staff Captain Dietz ( Chapter 23, 443 ). The ending is perceived as tragic because Romashov’s death is meaningless. This last chord is filled with compassion. This fight and the death of the hero are predetermined:Romashov is too different from everyone else,to survive in this society.

Mentioned several times in the story duels , a painful, stuffy atmosphere is intensified. Chapter 19 describes how drunken officers pullfuneral chant,(in Vetkin’s stupid eyes this motive brings tears), but pure sounds funeral services suddenly interrupt"a terrible, cynical curse" Osadchy, 419. The offended Romashov tries to reason with people. After this, a scandal breaks out, leading to Romashov challenging Nikolaev to a duel, 420, 426.

B) The meaning of the title is in Romashov’s duel with the bad that is in him. This conflict is presented as philosophical, the hero’s comprehension of freedom and necessity.

B) Theme of the fight –a sign of reality itself, the disunity of people, the misunderstanding of one person by another.

G) Civilians - officers, 411-412. Caste officer prejudices.

D) Officers and soldiers(Humiliated, let us remember the Tatar, Romashov’s orderly, finishing his coffee behind him, finishing his lunches)

E) But the name is also metaphorical, symbolic meaning. Kuprin wrote: “with all the strength of my soul I hate the years of my childhood and youth, the years of the corps, the cadet school and service in the regiment. About everything. What I have experienced and seen, I must write. And with my novel I will challenge the royal army to a duel" The name also has another, much greater social aspect. The story is a duel between Kuprin and the entire army, with the entire system that kills the individual in a person and kills the person himself. In 1905, this story, of course, was perceived by revolutionary forces as a call to fight. But almost a hundred years after it was written, the story remains a call for respect for the human person, for reconciliation and brotherly love.

5. So, traditions of Russian literature:

1) Kuprin’s hero is closely related to the concept of an extra person, Tolstoy’s hero.

2) Subtle psychological drawing (Dostoevsky, Tolstoy). Like L. Tolstoy, he explores in depth the struggle of feelings, the contradictions of the awakening consciousness, their collapse. Romashov is close to Chekhov's characters. Kuprin's approach to his hero is akin to Chekhov's. An embarrassed, short-sighted and baggy second lieutenant, thinking of himself in the third person in the words of stilted novels, 375, 380. 387., evokes a mocking and compassionate attitude. This is exactly how the figure of Petya Trofimov is illuminated.

3) Spontaneous democracy, sympathy for the little person. (Pushkin, Gogol, Dostoevsky)

4) Social and philosophical definition of good and evil.

5) Orientation towards some kind of doctrine. Tolstoy is looking for his “green stick”. Kuprin does not know how to rebuild the world. His work contains a rejection of evil.

Agenosov's textbook, part 1, p. 26.

V. Lilin, With. 64 – reviews of “The Duel” by Gorky, L. Tolstoy.

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OILBLYI "RPMLPCHSHCHI DBN" OEF Y VSCHFS OE DPMTSOP. dMS IPTPYEZP CHPEOOOPZP TsEOB CHUEZDB MYYOOEE NEUFP KHSCHYNPUFY. rПФПНХ UBNPE MHYUYEE, EUMY PZHYGET OE TSEOIFUS CHCHUE. uHEEUFCHHAF TSE CH tPUUYY UFBTSCHE LBCHBMETYKULYE RPMLY, ZHE RP FTBDYGYY NPMPTSE RPDRPMLPCHOYUSHEZP YYOB PZHYGET TSEOIFSHUS OE NPTSEF. b YOBYUE CHSHCHIPDY YЪ RPMLB. y CH UNSHUME FPCHBTYEEUFCHB y VPECHPK DPVMEUFY LFP MKHYUYE PE CHUEK OBYEK BTNYY RPMLY. OP EUMY HCE PZHYGET YOBYUE OE NPTSEF Y CHUE TBCHOP LFPF YBZ UDEMBEF, FP CH CHCHVPT EZP OILFP OE YNEEF RTBCHB CHNEYCHBFSHUS. edYOUFCHEOOBS PGEOLB, LPFPTBS DPMTSOB RTYNEOSFSHUS L TSEOE PZHYGETB, LFP IPTPYBS POB TSEOB UCHPENKH NHTSKH YMY RMPIBS. DETTSBCHOSCHK PUOPCHBFEMSH OBUY, REFT, CHFPTSCHN VTBLPN VSHM TSEOBF OE ABOUT LYUEKOPK VBTSHYOE, B TSEOOEYOE, LPFPTBS CHYDEMB CHYDSCH. y REFT VShchM U OEK UBUFMYCHY POB RPNPZBMB ENKH CH EZP FTHDBI.

lPTRPTBGYS "RPMLPCHSHCHI DBN" OE FPMSHLP VEURPMEOB, OP Y CHTEDODOB. pZHYGETPCH RPMLB UCHSCHCHBEF PYUEOSH NOPZPE: ZHTNB, UMHTSVB, PVEYE YOFETEUSCH, RPMLPCHSHCHE FTBDYGYY, RPMLPCHPE FPCHBTYEEUFChP CH NYTOP CHTENS Y VPECHPE CH CHPEOOPE. CHUE LFP OBUFPMSHLP OBRPMOSEF TSYOSH, OBUFPMSHLP UP CHUEI UFPTPO PRHFSCHCHBEF YUEMPCHELB, YuFP OENYOKHENBS TBIOGB IBTBLFETPCH, OELPFPTBS TBOOGB UPGYBMSHOSHI LTHZPCH, Y YUBUFP CHEUSHNB LTHROBS TBJOYGB NBFETYBMSHOPZP RPMPTSEOYS, CHUE LFP PFIPDYF ABOUT ЪBDOYK RMBO Y RETEUFBEF YUKHCHUFCHPCHBFSHUS. rPML DEUSFLY MADEK UVYCHBEF CH PDOKH UENSHA Y CHSTBVBFSHCHBEF UCHPK FYR. y CH CHSTBVPFLE LFPPZP FIRB ZTPNLYE ZHBNYMYY YYCHSHTSOYE DEOSHZBNY OILBLPK TPMY OE YZTBAF. uVYFSH CH PDOKH UENSHA RSFOBDGBFSH PZHYGETULYI TsEO OEF BVUPMAFOP OYLBLPK CHPTNPTSOPUFY, IPFS VSHCH HCE RPFPNKH, YuFP LTPNE PDYOBLPCHPK ZHTNSCH YI NHTSEK YI OYUFP CH UKHEOPUFY NETS DH UPVPK OE UCHSCHCHBEF.

rShchFBFSHUS CHCHEUFY CH UTEDH PZHYGETULYI TsEO LBLPE-FP RPDPVYE UHVPTDYOBGYY RTPPHYCHPEUFEUFCHEOOP Y OEMERP. rPMLPCHOIL CHUEZDB UFBTYE LBRYFBOB, ZPDBNY, UMKHTsVPK CH RPMLKH Y PRSHFOPUFSH. UCHPA DPMA RPYUFEOOYS Y KHCHBTSEOYS PF NMBDYYI BY RPMKHYUBEF ЪBLPOOP Y OBFKHTBMSHOP. OP RTEDRPMPTSYFE, YuFP FBLPK UPTPLBMEFOYK IMPPUFSL RPMLPCHOIL, U 20 ZPDBNY UMHTSVSHCH RPMHLH, RPTSEMBEF TSEOIFSHUS ABOUT 20-MEFOEK DECHPULE, FPMSHLP YuFP UP YLPMSHOPK ULBNSHY . y 30-MEFOSS TSEOB LBRYFBOB, NBFSH FTPYI DEFEC, DPMTSOB VHDEF UFBFSH L OEK CH RPMPTSEOYE NMBDYEK, KHUFHRBFSH EK NEUFP, SCHMSFSHUS L OEK RETCHBS U CHYYFPN Y F. D.

хЦЭ RP UCHPEK RTYTPDE, PE CHUSLYE UCHPY PVAEDYEOYS, PUPVEOOOP MYYEOOOSCH RTSNPK, OERPUTEDUFCHOOOPK GEMY, TSEOOESCH, L LBLPNH VSH POY LTHZH OH RTYOBDMETSBMY, Y LBL VSHCHPURY FBOSC OH VSHMY, OENYOKHENP CHOPUSF NEMPUOPUFSH, PFLKHDB RYLITPCHLY, RETEUKhDSCH, URMEFOY Y CHUECHPNPTSOSCHE NEMLYE ZBDPUFY ...

lPOYUOP, OEMSHЪS FTEVPPCHBFSH, YUFPVSH CHUE 45 PZHYGETPCH RPMLB VSHMY NETSDH UPVPA ЪBLBDSHYUOSCHNY DTHYSHSNY. OP RTY RPNPEY CHOUMKHTSEVOPK DYUGYRMYOSCH, LPFPTBS UHEEUFCHHEF CH uPVTBOSHY, MEZLP DPVYFSHUS FPZP, YuFP CHEUSHNB NBMP UINRBFYYTHAEYE DTKHZ DTHZH MADI, VHDHF PE CH OOOYE RTYMYYUOSHI PFOPEYOSI.

y TsEOEYOBNY, PRSFSH-FBLY UPCHETYEOOP OEBCHYUYNP PF LTHZB Y CHPURYFBOYS, DBTSE FBLYI ULTPNOSCHI TEKHMSHFBFPCH DPVYFSHUS OENSHUMYNP. UTEDY DBN CHUEZDB OBKDHFUS "OETTBMHYUOSCH RTYSFEMSHOYGSCH", OP VHDHF Y FBLYE, LPFPTSCHE "OE CHSHCHOPUSF" Y "FETREFSH OE NPZHF" DTHZ DTHZB, YUKHCHUFCH LFYI UCHPYI ULTSHCHBFSH OE UFBOKHF Y TBHNEEFUS CHUENY UYMBNY VKHDHF UFBTBFSHUS CHFSOKHFSH CH UCHPY TBURTY Y NHTSEK. th LFP EEE OE CHUE. h FBLYI RPMLPCHSHCHI "UENSHSI", UP CHLMAYUEOYEN FHDB Y TsEO, OENYOKHENP ЪБЧПДСФУС HIBTSYICHBOYS, ZHMETFSHCH, Y, LBL OEYVETSOPE UMEDUFCHYE YI, DKHMY, TBCHPDSH, PVNEOSCH TSEOBNY Y FTENIFEMSHOSHE KHIPDSH YI RPMLB.

rППФПНХ OYLBLPK RPMLPChPK UPGYBMSHOPK TSYOY, PVSBFEMSHOPZP OBLPNUFCHB "DPNBNY", PVSBFEMSHOSHI PVEYI KHCHUEMEOYK Y F. R. VSHFSH OE DPMTSOP. pVSBFEMSHOPE PVEEOYE DPMTSOP VSHFSH FPMSHLP NETSDH PZHYGETBNY, CH UPVTBOY YMY CH DTHZYI NEUFBI, OP YULMAYUYFEMSHOP ABOUT “IPMPUFPK OPZE”. eUMY VSC RPML VSCHM "DIRMPNBFYUEULYK LPTRKHU", KHUBUFYE TsEO CH PVEEK TSYOY VSHMP VSC PVSBFEMSHOP. Eumi VChSH RPML UFPSM h lbble-ohhhdsh Zmhipn Nepifeule on Bchuftikelpk Ztboye, in the place of e-shoe-brown zooeychbo-Boby-boss OP CH ZPTPDE UBOLF-REFETVHTZE LBTSDSCHK YNEEF CHPNPTSOPUFSH OBKFY UEVE RTYSFOSCHK LTKHZ OBLPNSHCHY RPNYNP RPMLB. VETEZYFEUSH "nBMEOSHLPZP zBTOY'POB" Y lHRTYOULPZP "rPEDOOLB". b RPFPNKH, DPMPC "RPMLPCHSHCHI DBN" Y DB ЪDTБЧУФЧХАФ "ЦЭОШЧ ПЗХИГПЧ", LPFPTSCHE YUEN NEOSHYE RTOYNBAF KHYBUFYS CH RPMLPCHPK TSYOY, FEN MKHYUYE DMS OYI UBNYI Y FEN URLPKOEEE DMS YI NHTSEK.

h NPE CHTENS PVB LFY FEYEOYS CHSHCHMYMYUSH CH OEYUFP UTEDOEEE, OP UP OBYUYFEMSHOSHCHN KHLMPOPN CH UFPTPOH CHFPTPZP. “rPMLPCHSHCHE DBNSCH” UKHEEUFCHPCHBMY, OP CH RPMLPCHPK TsYOY KHUBUFYS RPYUFY OE RTYOINBMY.

rTETSDE YUEN TSEOIFSHUS, PZHYGET RP ЪBLPOKH URTBYCHBM TBTEYEOYS LPNBODYTB RPMLB, OP TBTEYEOYS DBCHBMYUSH UTBCHOYFEMSHOP MEZLP, ​​PUPVEOOOP PE CHTENS CHPKOSHCH. rPNOA DCHB YMY FTY UMKHYUBS PFLBBPCH, OP CH LFYI UMKHYUBSI, EUMY VSC NMPDSCH PZHYGETSCH RTPUYMY TBTEYEOYS X UCHPYI PFGPCH, FP TE'KHMSHFBF VSCHM VSH FPF CE.

rTY TSEOIFSHVE RPCHEMYFEMSHOP CHUFBCHBM PDYO OBUKHEOSCHK CHPRTPU. chPRTPU NBFETYBMSHOSCHK. eUMY IPMPUFPNH PZHYGETKH EZP MYUOSHI UTEDUFCH ICHBFBMP FPMSHLP O UEVS, BH OECHEUFSH OESCHMP OYUEZP, FP FPZDB RTYIPDYMPUSH YULBFSH UMHTSVH, LPPTBS PRMBUYCHB MBUSH MHYUYE, YUEN PZHYGETULBS.

UYUYFBMPUSH, YuFP CHUE TSEOSCH PZHYGETPCH DPMTSOSCH VSHFSH NETSDH UPVPA OBLPNSCH. dms bfpzp lbcdbs dpmtsob vshchmb rpvschchbfsh x lbtsdpk ch rtyenosche DOY, NETSDH 5th 7th YUBUBNY CHYUETB. uYUYFBMPUSH DPUFBFPYuOSCHN LFP UDEMBFSH TB H ZPDH. nMBDYYE OBYUBMY, UFBTYYE PFCHYYUBMY.

DMS FPZP, YUFPVSH KHOBCHBFSH TSEOH UCHPEZP FPCHBTYEB ABOUT KHMYGE Y CH RHVMYUOSCHI NEUFBI, FE CE ETSESPDOSCH CHYYFSHCHL RPMLPCHSHCHN DBNBN DPMTSOSCH VSHMY RTPDEMSHCHBFSH Y CHUE PZHYGETSH . dMS NPMPDETSY LFP VSHMB DPCHPMSHOP FSCEMBS RPCYOOPUFSH. dMS ITBVTPUFY PFRTBCHMSMYUSH PVSHHLOPCHOOOP RP-DCHPE ABOUT PDOPN YICHPYUYLE. rPLPOYUYFSH U LFYN DEMPN OHTSOP VSHMP DP CHFPTPK RPMPCHYOSCH OPSVTS, DP RPMLPCHPZP RTBDOILB. fPZDB TSE, DP RTBDOILB, RPMBZBMPUSH VSHFSH KH TSEOSCH LPNBODITB RPMLB.

lBL UEKYUBU RPNOA NPK RETCHSHCHK CHYYF CH LPNBODITULYK DPN, CHYYF OE FBL YUFPVSH PYUEOSH HDBYUOSCHK.

lPZDB S CHCHYEM H RPML, LPNBODITPN VShchM z. b. NYO, IPFS UBN YuEMPCHEL ULTPNOPZP RTPYUIPTSDEOOYS, OP RP TSEOE, TPTSDEOOOPK LOSTSOE CHPMLPOULPK, ​​RTYOBDMETSBCHYK L UBNPNKH VPMSHYPNH REFETVHTZULPNH UCHEFH Y MAVICHYK CHUSLYK VMEU L Y CHEMILPMERYE. h CEOE EZP, ELBFETYOE UETZEECHOE, OBPVPTPF, OE VSHMP OYUEZP "ZTBODBNBUFPZP", Y CHIDPN, NBOETBNY Y RMBFSHSNY POB PUEOSH OBRPNYOBMB LBLHA-OYVKhDSh fKhMSHULKHA RPNEEIGH U TEDOEK THLY. VSHMB EEE DPYLB, oBFBYB, FPTSE PYUEOSH NYMPE Y ULTPNOPE UKHEEUFChP. FEN OE NEOEE, VMBZPDBTS CHLHUBN IPSYOB, LPNBODYTULYK DPN VSHM RPUFBCHMEO ABOUT PUEOSH YYTPLHA OPZH, Y DBTSE LPNBOYTULYE DEOEYLY, CHNEUFP PVSHHLOPCHEOOSHI VEMSHI THVBYEL, CH FPTCEUFCHEOOSCHI UMHYUBSI PVMELBMYUSH CH MYCHTEKOSHCHE ZHTBLY Y LTBUOSCH TSYMEFSHCH.

rTYENOSCHK DEOSH KH ELBFETYOSCH UETZEECHOSCH VSHM UHVVPFB. u CHYYFPN S PFRTBCHYMUS, ULPMSHLP RPNOYFUS, CH PDYOPYULH. hCE RPDIPDS L RPDYAEDH, NOE UIMSHOP OE RPOTBCHYMPUSH, YuFP CHEUSH DCPT VSHM RPMPO LBTEF. VSHCHMY Y RTDCHPTOSCH. bChFPNPVYMEK CH FP CHTENS EEE OE CHPDYMPUSH, RP LTBKOEK NETE CH PVEEN PVIIPDE. ChPYYEM S CH YCHEKGBTULHA, UOSMY U NEOS RBMSHFP Y S, LBL RPMBZBMPUSH, CH UBNPN OPChPN UATFHLE, U DMYOOSHNY YFBOBNY, U YBYLPK Yuetej RMEYUP, MECHBS THLB CH VEMK RETYUBFLE, RP PUEO SH ULPMSHILPNKH RBTLEFKH, UP UDBCHMEOOOSCHN UETDGEN, RPYEM ABOUT RSHCHFLKH. rTPYYEM DCH RHUFSHCH Y RPDPYEM L VPMSHYPK ZPUFYOOPK, PFLKHDB UMSHCHYBMYUSH PTSYCHMEOOOSCH ZPMPUB. dMS VPDTPUFY WITH YYEM DPCHPMSHOP VSHUFTP. ZPUFYOOBS VSHMB OE PYUEOSH VPMSHYBS Y DMS TPVLPZP CHYYFETB CHEUSHNB RPDMP KHUFTPEOOBS. pLPMP DCHETY VSHM RPUFBCHMEO VPMSHYPK TEOPK LTBUOPZP DETECHB "FTEMSHSTs", OBDP RPMBZBFSH EEE CHTENEO bMELUBODTTB I, LPZDB ON OBUMEDOILPN LPNBODPCHBM UENEOPCHULIN RPMLPN Y TSYM H FPN DPNE. fTEMSHSTS LFPF LBL YYTNB BUMPOSM PF CHIPDICHYEZP CHUA ZPUFYOOKHA, UP CHUENY ZPUFSNY. b LPZDB EZP PVPZOEYSH, FP ABOUT VSHUFTPN IPDH, FHF DKHNBFSH KhCE OELPZDB. eEE OUEULPMSHLP YBZPCH Y FSHCH UBNPK ZHEE. with UNHFOP CHYDEM, YuFP UYDEMY LBLYE-FP DBNSCH, UFPSMY LBLYE-FP ZEOETBMSH, OEULPMSHLP PZHYGETPCH DTHZYI RPMLPCH, DCHPE YMY FTPE OBUYI; CHYDEM LTHZMSCHK YUBKOSHCHK UPPM, OE U UBNPCHBTPN, B U UETEVTSOPK URYTFPCHPK NBYOLPK, CHPLTHZ OEZP LBLYE-FP DECHYGSHCH Y MADI CH UFBFULPN.

IPSKLH DPNB, Elbfetyoch Utetzeychokh, with LBB-FP Nemshlpn Chdedem, OP Lpoeyuo Ou Hytm VPDSHNENSPN Obrtbchimus L Rhetchpk DBNE, LPFPTBS RPLBBMBUSH UBNPK RPDIPDSEEK. th, LPOYUOP, OE RPRBM. yBTLOKHM OPTSLPK, YUNPLOHM DBNH CH THYULH, B RPFPN, LBL RPMBZBMPUSH CH uPVTBOYY, UFBM PVIPDYFSH CHUEI ZPUFEK, U RTBCHPZP ZHMBOZB, RTYZPCHBTYCHBS: RPDRPTHYUIL nBLBTPC, RPDR PTHYUIL nBLBTPC... tHLY, LPOYUOP, OE RTPFSZYCHBM.

TsDBM, YuFPVSHCHNOE EE RPDBMY. lFP S FCHETDP OBBM EEE U DEFUFCHB. rPFPN CHSHCHYMP UBNPE ULCHETOPE. UEM S O LBLPK-FP ITHRLYK ЪПМПУЕОШЧК УФХМ Ъ ПДОБ Ъ ДЭЧИГ RTYOEUMB NOYUBYLH YUBA (PFOADSH OE UFBLBO, OB UCHEFULYI RTYENBI UFBLBOPC OE DBCHBMY) Y RTYOEUMB EEE NBMEOSHLH A ZhBTZhPTPCHHA FBTEMPYULH U REYUEOSHEN. with CHETSMYCHP RPVMBZPDBTYM Y CHJSM. uytskh. h RTBChPK THLE X NEOS YUBYLB, B H MECHPK ZHHTBTsLB, RETYUBFLB Y FBTEMLB. pYUEOSH OEHDPVOP. YuFPVSH RPRTPVPCHBFSH REYOOSH, OHTsOP RPUFBCHYFSH ABOUT RPM YUBYLKH, YuFP DEMBFSH OE RTYOSFP. YuFPVSH ZMPFOKHFSH YUBA, OHTsOP LBL-FP YЪVBCHYFSHUS PF ZHHTBTSLY, RETYUBFPL Y FBTEMLY. OP LHDB TSE YI DEFSH? NPTsOP VSHMP, LPOYUOP, RPMPTSYFSH ZHHTBTSLKH ABOUT LPMEOY, CH OEE UKHOKHFSH RTBCHHA RETYUBFLH Y OBETI CHPDTHYYFSH FBTEMLKH. OP RTDPDEMBFSH LFP PDOPK MECHPK THLPK, ЪBФСОХФПК Х РЭТУБФЛХ, ВЭЪ ДПМЗПК RTEDCHBTYFEMSHOPK RTBLFLYY Y U OEURPLKOPK DKHYPK VSHMP ЪДПТПЧП ТХДОП. s Y OE TEYBMUS Y WE'LL LEAVE FBL DPCHPMSHOP DPMZP U UBNSHCHN NTBYUOSCHN CHYDPN. oBLPOEG, PDOB PYUEOSH NPMPDEOSHLBS DECHYGB UTSBMYMBUSH OBDP NOK, PFPVTBMB X NEOS YUBYLH Y FBTEMLH Y KHCHEMB NEOS VUEEDPCHBFSH L PLOBN. rP DPTPZE S EEE KHUMSCHIBM, LBL PDOB, YЪ DBN ULBUBMB DTHZPK, RPLBBSCHBS ABOUT NEOS ZMBEBNY: “pauvre garcon”. ULBBMB FYIP, OP S TBUUMSHCHYBM. VEUEDB OBYB X PLOB RPIPDIMB VPMSHYE ABOUT CHPRTPPUOIL.

CH DBCHOP CH RPMLH? rSFSH NEUSGECH. h LBLPK ChShch TPFE? tBOP RTYIPDIFUS CHUFBCHBFSH KhFTPN... chPF S VSH OE NPZMB FBL, J F. D.

yuete OEULPMSHLP NYOHF S CHPUUFBOPCHYM DKHYECHOPE TBCHOPCHUEYE OE RTPEBSUSH CHSHCHULPMSH'OKHM Y ZPUFYOPK. URBUYFEMSHOYGEK NPEK PLBBBMBUSH RMENSOYGB e.u., pMShZB ch., U LPFPTPK RPFPN NSCH UDEMBMYUSH VPMSHYYYNYY RTYSFEMSNY YUBUFP U OEK CHURPNYOBMY NPK RETCHSHCHK CHSHCHIPD CH "VPMSHYPK UCHEF".

hCE RPUME RETCHPK YINSHCH CH REFETVHTZE, S RPOSM LBLYE S CH FPF RBNSFOSHCHK DEOSH UPCHETYM LTHROSCHE FBLFYUEULYE PYYVLY. chP-RETCHSCHI, CHIPDIFSH VSHUFTP NPTsOP CH LBJBTNKH, B CH ZPUFYOOKHA UMEDPPCHBMP CHIPDIFSH NEDMEOOP. fPTPRYFSHUS OELHDB. chPYED, TELPNEODPCHBMPUSH PUFBOPCHYFSHUS ABOUT RPTPZE Y UPPVTBYFSH, FBL ULBUBFSH, RMBO LBNRBBOYY. y RETCHSHCHN DEMPN CHSHCHSUOYFSH, LFP IPSKLB y ZHEDE ITS NEUFPRPMPTSEOYE. l OEK OHTSOP VSHMP OBRTBCHYFSHUS Y RTYMPTSYFSHUS L THLE. ъДПТПЧБФШУС РПМБЗБМПУШ ФПМШЛП UP ЪОБЛПНШНИ, Б ОЭБЛПНШН ДБНБН РПМХРПЛМПО, B NHTSYUYOBN OYUEZP. "ZPMPCHOPK KhVPT" NPTsOP VShchMP UCHPVPDOP RPMPTSYFSH TSDPN ABOUT LPCHET. pF YUBYLY YUBS VMBZPTBKHNOEE VSHMP CHETSMYCHP PFLBBFSHUS, B HC FBTEMLH U REYUEOSHEN, LPZDB EE OELKHDB RPUFBCHYFSH YOBYUE LBL ABOUT RPM, RTYOINBFSH Y CHCHUE OE UMEDPCHBMP. y CHPPVEE FBLPK CHYYF MHYUYE VSCHMP RTDPDEMBFSH UFPS, RPPDKDS L LPNKH-OYVKhDSH YЪ OBLPNSHCHI.

OP CHUSLPE OBOYE RTYPVTEFBEFUS PRSCHFPN, OE YULMAYUBS Y RPBOBOIK CH UCHEFULPN PVTBEEOYY.

eEE VPMEE STLYK UMKHYUBK YNEM NEUFP U PDOYN YJ PDOPRPMYUBO, OP HCE CH DPNE UPCHETYEOOP DTHZPZP FYRB. dPN LFPF VSHM VPMSHYPK, U NOPZPYUYUMEOOSCHNY DPYULBNY, RMENSOYGBNY Y RPDTHZBNY. h DPNE DETTSBMYUSH TKHUULYI PVSHCHUBECH, Y, RSFYUBUPCHPK YUBK RYMY CH VPMSHYPK UFPMPCHPK, ЪB DMYOOSHN UFPMPN. ABOUT UFPME YEUFOP UFPSMY CHUSLYE RYTPZYY FPTFSHYY NHTSYUOBN RPMBZBMYUSH UFBLBOSHCH. th ZPUFY RTSNP YMY CH UFPMPCHHA. rTYSFEMSH NPK SCHYMUS CH DPN CH RETCHSHCHK TBY YUKHCHUFCHPCHBM UEVS UNHEEOOOP. ON YUEUFSH YUEUFSH RETCHSHCHN DEMPN RPDPYEM LIP'SKLE, FHF CHUE VSHMP ABOUT YUUFPPH. dBNB ЪБ UBNPCHBTPN, POB Y EUFSH IPЪSKLB, B RPFPN TEYM CHUEI PVPKFY Y CHUEN PFTELPNEODPCHBFSHUS. ъB UFPMPN UYDEMP YUEMPCHEL 25th PVIPD ЪBOSM NYOHF DEUSFSH. Yuen DBMSHYE PO RPDCHYZBMUS, FEN OBRTSEOYE KHCHEMYUYCHBMPUSH. oELPFPTSCHE ZPUFY VSHMY ЪBOSFSH TBZPCHPTPN Y OE CHYDEMY, YuFP LFP-FP UFPYF ЪB UFKHMPN Y TsBTsDEF RTEDUFBCHYFSHUS... "DSDS lPMS!.. DSDS lPMS, U FPVPK ЪDPTPCHBAFUS"...

“b, UFP... HERE? bI, DB, DB, PUEOSH RTYSFOP.”

lPZDB NPMPPDK YUEMPCHEL ЪBLPOYUYM PVIPD, BY HCE DPYEM, YuFP OBSCHCHBEFUS, DP FPYULY, FEN VPMEE, YuFP ON EBNEFYM, YuFP ABOUT DBMSHOEN LPOGE OEULPMSHLP RBT MHLBCHSHHI ZMB OBVMADBAF ЪB OIN U CHUEMSCHN MAVPRSHFUFCHPN. oBLPOEG, VEDOSZB RPMKHYUM YY THL IPSKLY UCHPK UFBLBO YUBS Y RPOEU EZP L UCHPENKH NEUFKH, OP... OE DPOEU. uFBLBO CHSHCHULPMSH'OKHM YI THL Y VTSLOKHM ABOUT RPM. oENEDMEOOOP TSE CHUMED ЪB ЪFYN U DECHYUSHEZP LPOGB TBBDBMUS CHATCHCH VEYEOPZP IPIPFB. NPMPDK YUEMPCHEL RPUFPSM OENOPZP, ЪBFEN RPCHETOHMUS L DCHETY Y CHCHCHYEM... choy'kh CH YCHEKGBTULPK OBDEM RBMSHFP Y KHEIBM DPNPK U FBLYN YUKHCHUFCHPN, YuFP CHUE TBCHOP CH LFPN DPNE VPMSHYE OE VSHCHBFSH.

TSYOSH, PDOBLP, UKhDIMB YOBYUE. po OE FPMSHLP OBYUBM YBUFP VSHCHBFSH CH LFPN DPNE, OP YuETE DCHB ZPDB TSEOMUS LBL TB ABOUT FPK UBNPK DECHYGE, LPFPTBS VPMSHYE CHUEI OBD OIN Y'DECHBMBUSH.

pF BUFEOYUYCHPUFY S YJMEYUYMUS DPCHPMSHOP ULPTP. CHSHMEYUM NEOS FPTSE OBY PZHYGET, LBRYFBO r., YUEMPCHEL CHCHUE OE CHPEOOSHCHK, OP NHTSYUYOB OEZMHRSHCHK, OBVMADBFEMSHOSHCHK Y UBN CHEUSHNB "UCHEFULYK".

lBL-FP TBJ PO NOE ZPCHPTYF:

rPUMHYBK ATYK, FSH BUFEOYUCH?

iPUYYSH, WITH FEWS CHSHCHMEYUH?

fBL CHPF UMHYBK. BUFEOYUCHPUFSH X OPTNBMSHOPZP YUEMPCHELB RTPYUIPDYF ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN PF YЪVSHCHFLB UBNPMAVIS. feve RPUFPSOOP LBTSEFUS, YuFP LKhDB VSH FSH OY RTYYEM, CHUE FPMSHLP FEN Y ЪBOSFSH, YuFP OBVMADBAF, LBL FSH RPLMPOYMUS, LBL FSH RPCHETOHMUS Y YuFP FSH ULBUBM. chUSLHA NYOHFKH FSH YUKHCHUFCHHEYSH, SFP FSH "GEOFT", GEOFT CHUEPVEEZP CHAINBOYS...b LFP Y EUFSH UBNBS VPMSHYBS PYYVLB. lBL FPMSHLP FSH UEVE SUOP, LTERLP Y OBCHUEZDB KHUCHPYYSH RTPUFHA YUFYOH, YFP CHUE MADI ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN UBOSFSH UCHPYNYY DEMBNYY OILPNH DP FEVS DEMB OEF, Y OILPNH FSH OE YOFETEUEO, LBL FSH FPMSHLP LFP PUPOBEYSH, FSH URBUEO... CHUE RPKDEF LBL RP NBUMH , RTPRBDEF UCHSBOOPUFSH Y OBRTSSEOOPUFSH Y FSH OE FPMSHLP RETEUFBOEYSH UFTBDBFSH, OP OBUOEYSH OBIPDIFSH KHDPCHPMSHUFCHYE CH PVEEUFCHE MADEK DBCE NBMP OBLPNSCHI.

UPCHEF VShchM NKhDTSCHK Y RPNPZ NOE YUTECHSHCHYUBKOP. NEOSHYE YUEN YUETE ZPD S VSHHM ABOUT CHETOPN RKhFY L CHSHCHJDPTPCHMEOYA.

OP NPK UMHYUBK VShchM RTPUFPK. with VSHM AOPYB CHPTPUYYK CH RTPCHYOGYY DMS LPFPTPZP DP REFETVHTZB, UBNSHCHK "CHEMILPUCHEFULIK" DPN, ZDE ON VSHCHBM, VSHM DPN OBEZP STPUMBCHULPZP ZHVETOBFPTB, ZDE, LUFBFY ULB ЪБФШ, CHUE VSHMP CHEUSHNB RP UENEKOPNKH. with RPNOA UMHYUBY NOPZP UMPTSOEEE. rPNOA, OBRTYNET, PDOPZP GBTULPZP ZHMIZEMSH-BDYAAFBOFB, OPUYFEMS PDOPK YUBNSHCHYYCHEUFOSHCHI TKHUULYI YUFPTYYUEULYI ZHBNYMYK, ULBTSEN FPYUOEEE, ZHBNYYYY NBFETY REFTB h EMILPZP. tPDYMUS CH REFETVHTZE Y CHPURYFSHCHBMUS CH rBTSEULPN LPTRKHUE. YuEMPCHEL, LPFPTPPNH VSHMP IPTPYP UB 30. b S UCHPYNY ZMBBNY CHYDEM LBL, TBZPCHBTYCHBS U NBMPOBLPNSCHNY DBNBNY, BY RHOGPChP LTBUOEM, LBL 15-MEFOIK NBMSHUYL.

rTYCHEDH RTYNET EEE VPMEE TBYFEMSHOSHCHK. h 1906 ZPDH, CH YAOE, CHUSH OBU RPML VSHM RTYZMBYEO CH REFETZPZH L GBTA ABOUT “garden party”. rTYEN DPMTSEO, VSHM RTPYЪPKFY ABOUT GBTULPK DBYUE, CH BMELUBODTYY, CH DYCHOPN RBTLE U ZTPNBDOSHNY UFBTSHNY, CHILDREN'S Y KHDYCHYFEMSHOPK LTBUPFSCH ЪМЭОШНЯ МХЦБКЛБНЯ. OBLBOKHOE NSCH RTYEIBMY YI lTBUOPZP UEMB RPEJDPN Y RETEOPYUECHBMY CH HMBOULYI LBBBTNBI. b ABOUT UMEDHAEIK DEOSH, YUBUB CH YUEFSHTE, CHUEN RPMLPN UFTPEN RPIMY CH bMELUBODTYA, U IPTPN NKHSHCHLY PE ZMBCHE. yDFY VSHMP, RPNOYFUS, OE PUEOSH DBMELP. RETED CHPTPFBNY RBTLB PUFBOPCHYMYUSH, EEE TB RPYUYUFYMYUSH Y UNBIOHMY RSCHMSH U UBRPZ. CHUE VSHCHMY CH VEMPN, PZHYGETSCH CH VEMSHI LIFEMSI, UPMDBFSCH CH VEMSHI THVBYLBI, TH CHUE VEJ PTHTSYS, OH YBYEL, OH CHYOFPCHPL, OH FEUBLLPCH. rPZPDB VSHMB FBLBS, LBLBS FPMSHLP KHNEEF VSHCHBFSH CH REFETVHTZE CH SUOSCHE, UPMOEYUOSCHE, OE TsBTLYE, U CHEFETLPN, DOY. RTIDS CH RPMPTSEOOPE NEUFP, NSCH PUFBOPCHIMYUSH Y CHSCHFSOKHMYUSH CH DCHE YTEOOZY, RP-TPFOP, PZHYGETSCH ABOUT UCHPYI NEUFBI. WE CHECK GBTS. according to FPCE VSHM CH VEMPN LYFEME Y VEЪ PTHTSYS, CH OBYEK ZHTNE; ZHPTNKH VSHMP CHYDOP FPMSHLP RP UYOENKH PLPMSCHYKH VEMPK MEFOEK ZHHTBTSLY. BY PVPYEM TSDSCH Y RPJDPTPCHBMUS. rPFPN ULPNBODPCHBMY “tBPKFYUSH!” Y NSH TBDEMYMYUSH. yuYoshch Rpymy DBMSHYE, ZDE YN VSCHMY RTYZPFPCHMEOSCH UFPMSCH U KHZPEEOSHEN, YUBK, UMBDLYE VKHMLY, VHFETVTPDSH Y LPOZHEFSHCH. FHDB TSE RPIYEM Y GBTSH U LPNBODITPN RPMLB, PVIPDYFSH UFPMSCH.

b NSCH, PZHYGETSCH, PFRTBCHYMYUSH CH DTHZHA UFPTPOH, ZDE RPD DETECHSNY UFPSM PZTPNOSHCHK LTKHZMSCHK YUBKOSCHK UFPM, RPLTSCHFSHCHK DP YENMY VEMPOOETSOPK ULBFETFSHA, B O OEN UETEVTSOSCHK UBNPCH BT, YUBYL, REYUEOSHSH CHUSLBS WOEDSH. ABOUT UFPMPN UYDEMB GBTYGB CH VEMPN LTHTSECHOPN RMBFSHE Y RTYOINBMB "ZPUFEK"... fHF CE VESBMY GBTULYE DPULY, UFBTYEK VSHMP 10 MEF. dCHHIMEFOIK OBUMEDOIL, LPFPTSCHK YЪ-ЪB VPMEЪ Oye Oil Refinery IPdyfsh, Let's go ABOUT THLBI H DSDSHLY, NBFTPUB DETECHEOSHLP. rPFPN EZP RETEDBMY ABOUT THLY UFBTYENKH OBYENKH ZHEMSHJEVEMA t. m. YuFEGPCHH. rTDCHPTOSCHI RPYUFY OILZP OE VSHMP. DETSKHTOSHCHN ZHMIZEMSH-BDYAAFBOFPN VSHM ABOUT LFPF DEOSH ABOUT WHAT. LO. vPTYU chBDYNYTPCHYU, LPFPTSCHK ZBLFYUEULY KH OBU OE UMKHTSYM, OP YUYUMYMUS CH URYULBI RPMLB, YUBUFP OPUYM OBUKH ZHTNKH Y UYUYFBMUS LBL VSC OBYN PZHYGETPN. x CHUEI X OBU OBUFTPEOYE VSHMP TBDPUFOPPE Y CHUEMPE. gBTSH VSHM FBLCE CHUEEM Y, LBL CHUEZDB, CH PVTBEEOYY PYUEOSH RTPUF. хNOSCHI NYUFTPCH ON VPSMUS, RETED UFBTYYNYY ZEOETBMBNY TPVEM, OP FHF, CH OBLPNPK UTEDE UPMDBF Y PZHYGETPCH ON YUKHCHUFCHPCHBM UEVS FEN UBNSHN RPMLPCHOILPN, LPNBODYTPN VBFBMSH POB rTEPVTBTSEOULZP RPMLB, LBLYN PO LPZDB-FP VShchM, DB FBL ABOUT CHUA TSYOSH Y PUFBMUS.

gBTULYE DECHPULY PUEOSH CHUEMYMYUSH. at ZTPNLYNY LTYLBNY OPUYMYUSH RP MHZH Y, YZTBMY U NPMPDSHNY PZHYGETBNY CH RSFOBYLY Y CH ZPTEMLY. GBTYGB YURPMOSMB PVSBOOPUFY IPSKLY. oBMYCHBMB YUBK Y LBTSDPNKH MYYUOP RETEDDBCHBMB YUBYLH. oBULPMSHLP NPTsOP VSHMP UKhDYY, OE LPTPFEOSHLYN ZHTBJBN P DEFSI, P RPZPDE, YMY P YUBE, UMBDLYK, LTERLYK, U MYNPOPN YMY U NPMPPLPN, ZPCHPTYMB POB RP-TKHUULY DPCHPMSHOP U CHPVPDOP, IPFS U UYMSHOSHCHN BOZMYKULIN BLGEOFPN. OP UChPA IP'SKULKHA DPMTSOPUFSH POB YURPMOSMB U FBLYN SCHOSCHN UFTBDBOYEN, YuFP ABOUT OEE TsBMLP VSCHMP UNPFTEFSH. h FP CHTENS POB VSHMB HCE NBFSH RSFY DEFEC Y OPUYMB ЪChBOYE CHUETPUUYKULPK YNRETBFTYGSH PDYOOBDGBFSHCHK ZPD. lBBBMPUSH VSH, LBLPE UNHEEOOYE OMPCHLPUFSH NPZMB POB YURSHCHFSHCHBFSH CH PVEEUFCHE LBLYI-FP OEBBLPNSHCHI 40 PZHYGETPCH, LPFPTSHCHE ULPTEE UBNY UFEUOSMYUSH CH ET YUHFUFCHY Y. y FEN OE NEOEE NEOS RPTBYMP, YuFP LPZDB POB ЪBDBCHBMB UCHPY, OEIIFTSHCHE CHPRPTUSCH, MYGP KH OEE YMP LTBUOSCHNY RSFOBNY. bFP VSHMP SUOP ЪBNEFOP, FBL LBL CH FE CHTENEOB RTYMYYUOSCH TSEOOEYOSCH EEL UEVE EEE OE LTBUYMY. b LPZDB POB RTPFSZYCHBMB YUBYLKH, THLB X OEE LTHROP DTPsBMB. OP FHF, LPOYUOP, VSHMB OE PDOB FPMSHLP ЪBUFEOYUCHPUFSH. hCE CH FE CHTENEOB, OBYB RETCHBS RPMLPCHBS DBNB, UHRTKHZB YEZHB, VSHMB VPMSHOBS Y ZMKHVPLP OEYUBUFOBS TsEOEYOB.

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h RETCHSCHK ZPD UMKHTSVSH U KHOBCHBOYEN UCHPYI DBN ABOUT KHMYGE Y CH RHVMYUOSHI NEUFBI YUBUFP CHSHCHIPDYMP OE CHUE ZMBDLP.

OBRTYNET, UYDYSH CH FEBFTE. h BOFTBLFE CHYDYYSH UCHPEZP PZHYGETB U DBNPC. FERETSH, LFP LFB DBNB? eUMY TSEOB, FP RPMBZBEFUS RPDIDYFSH. eUMY LFP TPDUFCHEOYGB, UEUFTB, UEUFTB TSEOSCHY F. R., FP NPTsOP Y RPDPCFY YOE RPDPCFY. eUMY LFP RTPUFP ЪOBLPNBS, FP RPDIDYFSH OE OKTsOP. pDOPZP 20-NYOKHFOPZP CHYYFB CH ZPD CHUE-FBLY NBMP, YUFPVSH EBRPNOYFSH 15 OPCHSHCHI TSEOULYI MYG, LPFPTSCHE CHDPVBCHPL YNEAF UChPKUFChP TBYLBMSHOP NEOSFSHUS U LBTSDPK OPChPK Y MSRPC YMY OPCHSHCHN RMBFSHEN.

rP CHFPTPNKH ZPDH CHUE DBNSHCH HCE CHSHCHHYYCHBMYUSH FCHETDP.

chPF UPVUFCHOOOP Y CHUE UPGYBMSHOSCH PVSBOOPUFY IMPPUFSHCHI RP PFOPEYOYA L TSEOBN YI FPCHBTYEEK.

OILBLYI PVSBFEMSHOSHCHI RPJTDTBCHMEOYK, U OPCHSHCHN ZPDPN, U RBUIPK, U YNEOOBNY, TPTsDEOOSNY, OE UKHEEUFCHPCHBMP. VSHMP DCHB, FTY TSEOBFSHI TPFOSCHI LPNBODITB, LPFPTSHCHE ЪBRTPUFP RTYOINBMY Y LPTNYMY ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN UCHPYI NMBDYYI PZHYGETPCH, OP Y FPMSHLP.

OYLBLYI CHEWETPCH, VBMPCH, URELFBLMEK Y F. D. CH UPVTBOSHY OE KHUFTBYCHBMPUSH Y DBNBN CHPD FHDB VSHM ЪBLBBBO. DEMBMPUSH YULMAYUEOYE FPMSHLP TBJ CH ZPD. ABOUT FTEFYK DEOSH TPTsDEUFCHB CH YLPME UPMDBFULYI DEFEC VSHMB EMLB. FHDB RTYZMBYBMYUSH CHUE PZHYGETSCH U TSEOBNY. rPUME EMLY, YUBUPCH CH 11, YMY KHTSYOBFSH CH uPVTBOYE. dBNSH SCHMSMYUSH DBMELP OE CHUE, B ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN NPMPDSHCHE, MAVSEYE RPCHUEMYFSHUS. YuFPVSHCH OE UFEUOSFSH CHEUEMSHS, OH LPNBODYT RPMLB, OH EZP TSEOB OE RPSCHMSMYUSH. ABOUT LFPF CHYUET VPMSHYKHA UFPMPCHHA KHVYTBMY RPD "TEUFPTBO". CHSCHOPUYMY VPMSHYPK UFPM Y UFBCHYMY NBMEOSHLYE UFPMYLY B ABOUT OYI MBNRPULY U GCHEFOSCHNY BVBTCHTBNY. rP FTBDYGYY DBN RTYZMBYBMY OE NHTSSHS, B IPMPUFSHCHE. hTSYOBMY RP RSFSH, RP YEUFSH YUEMPCHEL, RTYUEN NHTSEK KHUBTSYCHBMY ЪB DTHZIE UFPMSCH. OB, LBTSDSCHK UFPM RTYIPDYMPUSH RP PDOPK, RP DCH DBNSCH Y UFPMSCH UPUFBCHMSMYUSH UBTBOEEE, U FBLYN TBUYUEFPN, YUFPVSH CHUE VSHCHMY DTKHZ DTHZKH RTYSFOSCH. yZTBM OBU NBMEOSHLYK UFTHOOSHCHK PTLEUFT, FBL OBSCHCHBENSCHK "VBMSHOSCHK", B LPZDB EZP YUBUB CH DCHB OPYU PFRHULBMY, LFP-OYVHDSH YPZHYGETPCH UBDIMUS JB TPSMSH Y MUS RMSU. pVSHHLOPCHOOOP YZTBM KHOZETO-yFETOVETZ, LPFPTSCHK KHNEM YZTBFSH FPMSHLP FBOGSHCH, OP ЪBFP CHPURTPYCHPDYM YI U PUPVEOOOSCHN YUYUFP FBIETULYN ZTPNPN Y VMEULPN. zhPLUFTTPFPCH Y YINNY FPZDB EEE OE OBMY, B FBOGECHBMY CHBMSHUSCH Y LBDTYMY.

with RPNOA PDYO FBLPK PUPVEOOOP KHDBCHYYKUS CHEYUET. RYMY OPTNBMSHOP, OP CHUEMSHE YUBUFP RTYIPDIF OE PF RYFSHS, B LBL-FP UBNP UPVPK. h LFPF Cheyuet OELPFPTSCHE YI OBU RPVETSBMY CH RPMLPCHPK NHJEK, CHSHCHFBEYMY UFBTSHCHE ZHTNSCH Y PVMELMYUSH CHOYI, YFP NETSDH RTPYYN UFTPZP ЪBRTEEBMPUSH, OP LFP FPMSHLP RTYV BCHYMP PUFTPFSH KHDPCHPMSHUFCHYA. RHUFYMYUSH RMSUBFSH PZHYGETSCH OILPZDB OE FBOGECHBCHYE, Y OEKHNECHYE FBOGECHBFSH, YuFP VSCHMP PUPVEOOOP UNEYOP. uFBMY CHPDYFSH ZPMPCHPLTHTSYFEMSHOSH LBDTYMY, U VEEYOSCHNY ZBMPRBNY. lBLBS-FP RBTB RPLBFYMBUSH ABOUT RPM, RP UYUBUFSHA PLBBBMYUSH TsEOB U NHTSEN. pDOYN UMPCHPN, CHUEMSHE VSHMP VEKHDETTSOPE Y VKHKOPE... eEE OENOPTSLP Y VSHMP VSH OEIPTPYP. about UMEDHAEIK DEOSH PDYO YI OBUYI PUFTSLPC, v. u. rTPOYO, PUFTSL OECHPNHFYNP URPLPKOSHCHK, LPFPTSCHK TPOSM UCHPY UMPCHYULY KHZPMLPN TFB, YuFP EEE VPMSHYE KHYMYCHBMP CHREYUBFMEOYE, LPZDB EZP URTPUIMY, LBL ENKH RPOTBCHYUMUS BYOYK CHYUET, OE CHSCHOINBS CHYUOPK UYZBTSHCH, RTPGEDYM: “vSHMP PUEOSH NYMP, OENOPTSLP YUPRPTOP.”

fBLPZP TPDB CHUEMSHE KHDBCHBMPUSH, LPOYUOP, OE LBTSDSCHK TB, OP CHUEMP Y RTYSFOP VSHCHBMP CHUEZDB. ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBBPN RPFPNKH, YuFP LFP VShchM EDYOUFCHEOOSCHK UMKHYUBK RPRBUFSH CH ЪYNOEE UPVTBOYE, NPMPDSH DBNSHCH HFY KHTSYOSCH PUEOSH MAVIMY Y ЪBDPMZP LOYN ZPFPCHYMY USH.

h MBZETOPE uPVTBOIE RPRBUFSH VSHMP MEZUE. fBN ABOUT CHFPTPN LFBTSE VSHMP DCH LPNOBFSCH, KHUFTPEOOOSCH ABOUT RPDPVYE TEUFPTBOOSCHI LBVYOEFPCH. FHDB PZHYGETSH NPZMY RTYZMBYBFSH UCHPY UENSHY, YMY RTPUFP OBLPNSCHI. fFYN RPMSHЪPCHBMYUSH ZMBCHOSCHN PVTBЪPN FPZDB, LPZDB PZHYGET UBN OE Refinery HEIBFSH YЪ MBZETS. rP RTBDOILBN, Y'CHEUFOPE YYUMP RP OBTSDKH OE YNEMP RTBCHB PFMKHYUBFSHUS YI MBZETOPZP TBURPMPTSEOYS. OOP OY CHOYTSOYK VPMSHYPK OBM OY O OYTSOAA FETBUUKH, OY CH UBD, DBVSCHOE UFEUOSFSH UCHPVPDKH IMPPUFSHCHYI GBTUFCHE, DBNULYK BMENEOF OE DPRKHULBMUS. rTYOINBFSH DBN CH MBZETSI X EUVS CH VBTBLBI PZHYGETBN FPTSE OE TELPNEODPCHBMPUSH. edYOUFCHOOPE YULMAYUEOYE VSHM LPNBODYTULYK VBTBL, ZDE VSHMP OEULPMSHLP LPNOBF. OP S PRSFSH-FBLY OE RPNOA, YUFPVSH TSEOSCH LPNBODITPCH RTYETSBMY FKhDB VPMSHYE YUEN ABOUT OEULPMSHLP YUBUPCH, YULMAYUYFEMSHOP RP RTBDOILBN.

CHUE FY NHDTSHCHE RTBCHYMB, PFUKHFUFCHYE PVSBFEMSHOPZP PVEEOYS, PVSBFEMSHOSCHI UENEKOSCHI KHCHUEMEOYK Y TBCHOYFEMSHOP PYUEOSH ЪBNLOХFBS TSYЪOSH PZTPNOPZP VPMSHYOUFCHB Ts EOBFSHCHI PZHYGETPCH UDEMBMY FP, YuFP UB CHUE CHTENS NPEK VMYLPK UCHSY U RPMLPN (U 1904 RP 1917), SOE RPNOA KH OBU OY PDOPC DKHMY, OH PDOPZP TBCHPDB Y CHPPVEE OH PDOPK TPNBOYUEULPK YUFPTYY. OE CHUE RPMLY REFETVHTZULPZP ZBTOYЪPOB NPZMY LFYN RPICHBUFBFSHUS. h LBYUEUFCHE LPTRPTBGYY, TSEOSCH PZHYGETPCH CHSHCHUFKHRBMY FPMSHLP PDYO TBJ CH ZPDH. lPZDB RPML URTBCHMSM RPMLPCHPK RTBDOIL CH gBTULPN UEME, DBNSH FKHDB OE EDYMY. OP EUMY FPTCEUFChP RTPYUIPDYMP CH REFETVHTZE, CH NYIBKMPCHULPN NBOETSE, Y ABOUT NPMEVOE Y RBTBDE CHNEUFE U ZPUKHDBTEN RTYUKHFUFCHBMB Y ZPUKHDBTSCHOS, FP RPMKHYUBMY RTYZMBYE OYS Y DBNSH. ABOUT NPMEVOE POY UFBOPCHYMYUSH CHNEUFE U OEK, OEULPMSHLP RPBBDY. ZhPTNB PDETSDSCH YN VSHMB: VEMBS YMSRB, VEMSHCHK UHLPOOSCHK YMY YETUFSOPK LPUFAN “tailleur”, VEMSH RETYUBFLY Y ABOUT YEE NEY. FE, LFP YNEM YYZHTSCH, ZHTEKMYOULYE YMY YOUFYFHFULYE, YMY NEDBMY, DPMTSOSCH VSHCHMY YI OBDECHBFSH. RETED NPMEVOPN TSEOB LPNBODYTB RPDOPUYMB GBTYGE VPMSHYPK VHLEF VEMSHI TP, U YYTPLYNY UYOYNY, RPMLPCHPZP GCHEFB, MEOFBNY.

VSHMP EEE DHB UMKHYUBS, LPZDB DBNSCH NPZMY RTYOINBFSH KHYUBUFYE CH PZHYGYBMSHOPK RPMLPCHPK TSYYOY, OP LFP KhCE RP TsEMBOYA. sing NPZMY RTYIPDYFSH OB CHUEOPEOKHA CH UPVPT OBLBOKHOYE CHCHEDOSHS Y UFBOPCHYFSHUS CH PZHYGETULHA ЪBZPTPDLH, B MEFPN, CH LPOGE MBZETS, RTYETSBFSH CH lTBUOPE UEMP ABOUT "ЪBTA U GETENP" OJEK.” fBL LBL Y ЪBTS Y GETENOPOIS RTPYUIPDYMY CH TBURPMPTSEOY OBEZP-CE RPMLB, SING YNEMY CHNPTSOPUFSH RTYSFOP LPOYUYFSH CHEWET, RPHTSYOBCH U NHTSSHSNY YI RTYSFEMSNY ABOUT CHETIOEN LFBTSE uPVTBOSHS.

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OP Private Enterprise OBUFBM RTYUOPRBNSFOSHCHK BCHZKHUF RTYUOPRBNSFOPZP 1914 ZPDB. rPML KHYEM ABOUT FEBFT CHPEOOSCHI DEKUFCHYK, RPMLPCHSHCHE DBNSH PUFBMYUSH CH REFETVHTZE. ULPMSHLP FSCHUSYU MEF CHPAAF MADIY Y ULPMSHLP FSCHUSYU MEF VMYLYE CHPYOBN TSEOOEYOSCH DKHNBAF Y YUKHCHUFCHHAF PDOP Y FP TSE. chPECHBFSH OEMEZLP, ​​OP YNEFSH VMYLLPZP YuEMPCHELB CH RPUFPSOOPK PRBUOPUFY, BUSHRBFSH Y RPTPUSHRBFSHUS U NSCHUMSHA ZDE PO, YuFP U OYN, CHPF ON UEKYUB, NPTsEF VShchFSH, CH BFH UBNH A NYOKHFKH METSIF ABOUT YYUFELBEF LTPCHSHA, B S LFPPZ OE OBAY OE NPZH ENKH RPNPYUSH... bFP, RPTSBMHK, EEE FSTSEMEE YUEN CHPECHBFSH... yЪDBMY CHUEZDB CHUE LBCEPHUS UFTBYOOEE.

y CH FY DOY CH REFETVHTZE UMKHYUMPUSH FP, YuFP VSHMP RPOSPHOP y EUFEUFCHEOOP. TsEO PZHYGETPCH, RTETSDE EDCHB OBLPNSCHI DTKHZ DTHZKH, UPEDYOMP Y UTPDOYMP YUKHCHUFChP PVEEK FTECHPZY RETED MYGPN PVEEZP YURSHCHFBOYS.

eEE PE CHTENS NPVYMYBGYY PDOY ЪCHPOYMY RP FEMAZHPOKH DTHZYN:

WHERE NHC VETEF U UPVPA FETNPU? b SRPOULHA ZTEMLH? b LBLPE VEMSHE? hShch ЪOBEFE, YEMLPCHPE MHYUYE CHUEZP; ZPCHPTSF RPMOBS ZBTBOFYS PF OBUELPNSHCHI.

LUFBFY ULBBFSH, LBL NOPZP CHUSLIYI CHEEEK, UPVTBOOSCHU FBLPK MAVPCHSHA Y FTPZBFEMSHOPK ЪBVPFPK, RTYYMPUSH ABOUT ChPKOE CHSHLYOKHFSH ЪB RPMOEKYEK YI VEURPMEOPUFSHA... LP DEOEZ, RPDBTLPCH Y CHUSLPK MBULY RPMKHYUMY PF NMPDSCHI "VBTSCHOSH" CHETOSCHE, OP RMHFPCHBFSHCHE DEOOEYLY, YUFPVSH POY FPMSHLP RPMHYUYE UNPFTEMY ЪB "RPTHYUILPN" YMY "LBRYFBOPN".

b LPZDB RPML KHYEM, FP UFBMY EDYFSH Y ЪCHPOYFSH CH LPNBODITULYK DPN, LHDB TBOSHYE NPTEBUSH EDYMY TBJ CH ZPD. y UBN UPVPA PVTBIPCHBMUS "UENEOPCHULYK DBNULYK LPNYFEF", B TsEOB RPCHEDYEZP RPML LPNBODYTB, nBTYS chMBDYNYTPCHOB yFFET, PLBBBMBUSH EZP RTEDUEDBFEMSHOYGEK, DKHYPK Y MBCHOPK RTHTSYOPK.

UENEOPCHULIK ZHPTNKHMST X n. part VSHM UBNSCHK VMEUFSEYK. eE PFEG, ZTBZh ch.r. lMEKONYIEMSH, VSHM LPZDB-FP OBYN LPNBODITPN Y POB CH RPMLH TPDYMBUSH. b RPFPN, ChShchKDS ЪБНХЦ ЪБ й. u. ьFFETB, LPZDB ON VSHHM EEE CH NPMPDSHYUYOBY, RTPYMB U OIN, FBL ULBBBFSH, CHUE DPMTSOPUFY PF NMBDYEZP PZHYGETB Y DP LPNBODITB. OILBLYI UREGYZHYUEULYYUETF "NBFETY-LPNBODYTY" H OEE OE VSHMP. h NYTOPE CHTENS POB TSIMB ЪBNLOKHFP Y ЪBVPFYMBUSH P NHTSE Y PUSCHOE, 15-MEFOEN MYGEYUFYLE. OP U KHIPDPN RPMLB ABOUT CHPKOKH, UNSHS no. Part ChShTPUMB UTBKH DP YUEFSHTEI FSHUSYU.

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The story “The Duel” was published in 1905 and immediately made A. I. Kuprin popular. This is not at all surprising, because not a single work of that time described the army and its morals with such a degree of skill. In this article we will talk about the heroes of the mentioned work, and also reveal the image of Romashov in the story “The Duel” by Kuprin.

Essay idea

The material for this essay was given to the author by life itself. The writer graduated from a cadet school, and then served in an infantry regiment for four years. The story is based on all the impressions accumulated during this time. Therefore, the author managed to depict episodes of army life so realistically and enrich the work with a whole gallery of soldier and officer portraits. The image of Romashov in the story “The Duel” will be revealed a little later, but for now we will briefly talk about the other heroes.

Officers

The life and service of officers of the N-regiment has common features. Their life is a daily routine, consisting of studying army regulations, drill training, officer meetings, drinking with friends, gambling and adultery with other people's wives.

On the other hand, each officer is endowed with individuality and stands out from the general background in some way. For example, the good-natured and unassuming Lieutenant Vetkin. He does not think about the future and lives only in everyday life in the army. Company commander Sliva is a rude, stupid campaigner with a difficult character and a desire for strict discipline. He is not interested in anything that is outside the boundaries of the charter, formation and company. Plum has only two attachments: solitary drinking in the evenings and the military beauty of his own company. Lieutenant Bek-Agamalov constantly struggles with outbreaks of bloodthirsty instincts and cannot cope with them. Captain Osadchy is somewhat reminiscent of the image of Romashov in the story “The Duel,” but, unlike Yuri, he is overly cruel. The captain literally sings of merciless war, thereby inspiring awe in his subordinates. The gallery of characters continues with the passive and melancholic captain Leshchenko, who evokes melancholy with his appearance; the dummy and fop Bobetinsky, who considers himself a high-society man with elegant manners; a young old man, Lieutenant Olizar and others. I sincerely feel sorry for the poor widowed lieutenant Zegrzt, whose salary is barely enough to feed four children. Before we reveal the image of Romashov in the story “The Duel,” we will briefly talk about two colorful characters.

Lieutenant Colonel Rafalsky

To escape routine and boredom, each officer came up with a specific activity that would help him get away from the heavy nonsense of army service. Lieutenant Colonel Rafalsky, nicknamed Brem, had a pet menagerie. Among his colleagues, he was known as a man of the kindest soul, a nice and sweet eccentric. But one day a tired bugler did not carry out his order as expected, and this good fellow simply went berserk, hitting the soldier in the jaw with such force that he lost several teeth.

Captain Stelkovsky

Military affairs was his calling. He took care of his own soldiers, so his company was the best in the regiment: all the people in it seemed to be specially selected. They walked around well-fed, lively, soberly assessed the surrounding situation and were not afraid to look any authorities in the eye. There was no swearing or fighting in Stelkovsky’s company. In terms of training and appearance, it was in no way inferior to any guards unit. At military parades, the captain showed himself to be an proactive, quick-witted and resourceful commander. However, outside of service there is no nobility in his actions: he seduces young peasant women. This became a kind of entertainment for the captain.

Two main characters

Be patient, a little more - and we will describe the image of Romashov. “The Duel” reveals to us the spiritual devastation, inhumanity, vulgarization and crushing of people under conditions of military service. Who does the author oppose to the officer environment with its stubborn officer caste? Second Lieutenant Romashov and his senior friend, Officer Nazansky. They personify the humanistic principle in the work. Let's look at them in more detail. And let's start, of course, with the first one. So, how does the author draw the image of Romashov in the story “The Duel”?

Yuri Romashov

Many literary historians and critics agree that Kuprin put his own autobiographical features into the image of the main character: Yuri was born in the city of Narovchata, he does not remember his father (only his mother), he spent his childhood in Moscow, studied in the cadet corps, and then went into the military school. All this corresponds to the circumstances of Kuprin’s life.

Yuri Romashov appears to the reader as a charming young man, attracting with his spiritual purity and nobility. It is these qualities that do not allow the lieutenant to adapt to the army environment. Yuri is simple-minded and kind, has the dreaminess of a child and a vivid imagination. And almost all the people around him are vicious and have forgotten how to think. Therefore, the lieutenant feels lonely and alien among the soldiers: during a year and a half of officer service, he was constantly tormented by the feeling of being lost and alone among indifferent and unfriendly people. Yuri did not like the rude habits of the military, vulgar relationships, drinking, gambling, and bullying of soldiers.

The image of Romashov in Kuprin’s story “The Duel” was thought out in such a way as to awaken in the reader compassion and sympathy for the misfortune of others. So, Yuri stood up for the Tatar Sharafutdinov, who knew little Russian and practically did not understand the colonel’s orders. He also kept Klebnikov from committing suicide (the soldiers drove him to despair with beatings and bullying). Unlike other military men, Yuri understands that no matter how monotonously submissive and homely Khlebnikov may be, he is actually a living person, and not a mechanical quantity.

The lieutenant’s humanity was also evident in other ways: in his discussion of soldiers’ reprisals against civilians, in his attitude towards the orderly Gainan and his pagan beliefs, in his worries about his vulgar affair with Raisa Peterson, etc.

The image of Romashov in the story “The Duel” (with quotes)

After A.I. was published and gained popularity, the most beloved phrases of the protagonist immediately began to appear in literary publications. We also decided to select the best quotes from Yuri Romashov from the story, which most accurately reveal his character. We invite you to familiarize yourself with them.

About love for Alexandra Petrovna:

“Love is the most amazing and wonderful feeling. It is a great happiness to simply see your beloved at least once a year. For her and for any of her whims, I am ready to give my life.”

About the soldiers:

“The officers are embittered and stupid, but at the same time they are proud of the “honor of their uniform.” They beat the rank and file every day, turning them into obedient and faceless slaves. No matter who they were before the army, it made them indistinguishable from each other.”

About vocation:

“The idea is becoming clearer and clearer to me that man has only three proud callings: free physical labor, art and science.”

Nazansky

The image of Romashov in the story “The Duel” (you could read the quotes characterizing the hero above) is the main one in the work. But one cannot fail to note Nazansky as the least vital character in the work. Apparently, the author introduced it to express his ideological views and cherished thoughts. You may ask, why not embody all this in the form of the main character? We think that the author considered the lieutenant too uneducated and too young to express this philosophy. And Nazansky fit perfectly and very successfully complemented Romashov’s image. What’s good about Kuprin’s “Duel” is that it contains many characters that complement each other.

Philosophy of Nazansky

Nazansky is alien to the gospel instruction about love for one's neighbor. He believes that over time, love for humanity will be replaced by love for oneself: one’s mind, one’s body and the infinite variety of feelings... “Everyone should be the king of the world, its pride and adornment, and take whatever he wants. There is no need to be afraid of anyone, you have no equal. The time will come when faith in one’s own Self will dawn on all people. And then there will be no envy, no malice, no vices, no pity, no colleagues, no masters, no slaves. People will turn into gods." This position of the character echoes the theory of the superman in the spirit of Nietzsche. It was quite popular at the beginning of the 20th century. Apparently, the author of the work was also carried away by it.

Conclusion

So, we have characterized the main characters of the story and, we hope, have fully covered the topic: “Kuprin. “Duel”: the image of Romashov.” And the last thing...

Although the lieutenant listened to Nazansky with admiration, Nietzsche’s teachings were alien to him. He does not accept contempt for the weak and defenseless. It is enough to remember how kind Yuri was to Gainan and how carefully he treated Khlebnikov. Despite the brilliance and intelligence of Nazansky, the image of Romashov in the story “The Duel” is much nobler and more attractive. Apparently, the author, by making it this way, wanted to convey to the reader the idea that a decent and honest person will always be above the rest and will win spiritually.

The story “The Duel” was published in 1905. This is a story about the conflict between the humanistic worldview and the violence that flourished in the army of that time. The story reflects Kuprin’s own vision of army order. Many of the heroes of the work are characters from the writer’s real life, whom he encountered during his service.

Yuri Romashov, a young second lieutenant, is deeply affected by the general moral decay that reigns in army circles. He often visits Vladimir Nikolaev, with whose wife Alexandra (Shurochka) he is secretly in love. Romashov also maintains a vicious relationship with Raisa Peterson, the wife of his colleague. This romance ceased to give him any joy, and one day he decided to break off the relationship. Raisa set out to take revenge. Soon after their breakup, someone began to bombard Nikolaev with anonymous messages with hints of a special connection between his wife and Romashov. Because of these notes, Shurochka asks Yuri not to visit their house anymore.

However, the young second lieutenant had plenty of other troubles. He did not allow non-commissioned officers to start fights, and constantly argued with officers who supported moral and physical violence against their charges, which displeased the command. Romashov's financial situation also left much to be desired. He is lonely, service loses its meaning for him, his soul is bitter and sad.

During the ceremonial march, the second lieutenant had to endure the worst shame of his life. Yuri was simply daydreaming and made a fatal mistake, breaking the order.

After this incident, Romashov, tormenting himself with memories of ridicule and general censure, did not notice how he found himself not far from the railway. There he met soldier Khlebnikov, who wanted to commit suicide. Khlebnikov, through tears, talked about how he was bullied in the company, about the beatings and ridicule that had no end. Then Romashov began to realize even more clearly that each faceless gray company consists of separate destinies, and each fate matters. His grief paled against the background of the grief of Khlebnikov and others like him.

A little later, a soldier hanged himself in one of the mouths. This incident led to a wave of drunkenness. During a drinking session, a conflict broke out between Romashov and Nikolaev, which led to a duel.

Before the duel, Shurochka came to Romashov’s house. She began to appeal to the tender feelings of the second lieutenant, saying that they must definitely shoot, because refusal to duel could be misinterpreted, but none of the duelists should be wounded. Shurochka assured Romashov that her husband agreed to these conditions and their agreement would remain secret. Yuri agreed.

As a result, despite Shurochka’s assurances, Nikolaev mortally wounded the second lieutenant.

The main characters of the story

Yuri Romashov

The central character of the work. A kind, shy and romantic young man who does not like the harsh morals of the army. He dreamed of a literary career, often walked, immersed in thoughts and dreams of another life.

Alexandra Nikolaeva (Shurochka)

The object of Romashov's affection. At first glance, she is a talented, charming, energetic and intelligent woman; gossip and intrigue in which local ladies participate are alien to her. However, in reality it turns out that she is much more insidious than all of them. Shurochka dreamed of a luxurious metropolitan life; everything else did not matter to her.

Vladimir Nikolaev

Shurochka's unlucky husband. He does not shine with intelligence and fails the entrance exams to the academy. Even his wife, helping him prepare for admission, mastered almost the entire program, but Vladimir could not manage it.

Shulgovich

A demanding and stern colonel, often dissatisfied with Romashov’s behavior.

Nazansky

A philosophical officer who likes to talk about the structure of the army, about good and evil in general, is prone to alcoholism.

Raisa Peterson

Romashov's mistress, wife of Captain Peterson. She is a gossip and an intriguer, not burdened by any principles. She is busy playing at secularism, talking about luxury, but inside her there is spiritual and moral poverty.

In “The Duel,” A. Kuprin demonstrates to the reader all the inferiority of the army. The main character, Lieutenant Romashov, is becoming more and more disillusioned with his service, finding it pointless. He sees the cruelty with which officers treat their subordinates, witnesses assault that is not stopped by management.

Most of the officers resigned themselves to the existing order. Some find in it an opportunity to take out their own grievances on others through moral and physical violence, to show the cruelty inherent in their character. Others simply accept reality and, not wanting to fight, look for an outlet. Often this outlet becomes drunkenness. Even Nazansky, an intelligent and talented person, drowns in a bottle thoughts about the hopelessness and injustice of the system.

A conversation with soldier Khlebnikov, who constantly endures bullying, confirms Romashova in the opinion that this entire system is rotten through and through and has no right to exist. In his reflections, the second lieutenant comes to the conclusion that there are only three occupations worthy of an honest person: science, art and free physical labor. The army is a whole class, which in peacetime enjoys the benefits earned by other people, and in wartime it goes to kill warriors like themselves. This makes no sense. Romashov thinks about what would happen if all people unanimously said “no” to war, and the need for the army disappeared by itself.

The duel between Romashov and Nikolaev is a confrontation between honesty and deceit. Romashov was killed by betrayal. Both then and now, the life of our society is a duel between cynicism and compassion, loyalty to principles and immorality, humanity and cruelty.

You can also read the biography of Alexander Kuprin, one of the most prominent and popular writers in Russia in the first half of the twentieth century.

Surely you will be interested in the summary of the most successful story, in the opinion of Alexander Kuprin, “Olesya”, imbued with a fabulous, or even mystical atmosphere.

The main idea of ​​the story

The problems raised by Kuprin in “The Duel” go far beyond the army. The author points out the shortcomings of society as a whole: social inequality, the gap between the intelligentsia and the common people, spiritual decline, the problem of the relationship between society and the individual.

The story “The Duel” received a positive review from Maxim Gorky. He argued that this work should deeply touch “every honest and thinking officer.”

K. Paustovsky was deeply touched by the meeting between Romashov and soldier Khlebnikov. Paustovsky ranked this scene among the best in Russian literature.

However, “The Duel” received not only positive reviews. Lieutenant General P. Geisman accused the writer of slander and attempting to undermine the state system.

• Kuprin dedicated the first edition of the story to M. Gorky. According to the author himself, he owes all the boldest thoughts expressed on the pages of “The Duel” to the influence of Gorky.
• The story “The Duel” has been filmed five times, the last time in 2014. “The Duel” was the last episode of a four-part film consisting of film adaptations of Kuprin’s works.

Portrayal of the Army Crisis

as a crisis of Russian life in A. I. Kuprin’s story “The Duel”

Objective of the lesson: show the significance of Kuprin’s story for society’s awareness of the crisis of all Russian life; humanistic, anti-war pathos of the story.

Methodical techniques: analytical conversation, commented reading.

Lesson progress

I. Teacher's word

The story “The Duel” was published in May 1905, during the days of the defeat of the Russian fleet at Tsushima. The image of a backward, incapacitated army, decayed officers, and downtrodden soldiers had an important socio-political meaning: it was an answer to the question about the causes of the Far Eastern catastrophe.

II. Conversation on the story “The Duel”

— What is the theme of the story “The Duel”?

(The main theme of the story is the crisis of Russia, of all spheres of Russian life, shown through the crisis of the army.)

Teacher's comment:

Gorky noted the critical orientation of the story, classifying “The Duel” as civic, revolutionary prose. The story had a wide resonance, brought Kuprin all-Russian fame, and became a reason for controversy in the press about the fate of the Russian army. The problems of the army always reflect the general problems of society. In this sense, Kuprin’s story is still relevant today.

Having dedicated the story “The Duel” in its first (1905) publication to M. Gorky, Kuprin wrote to him: “Now, finally, when it’s all over, I can say that everything bold and violent in my story belongs to you. If you only knew how much I have learned from you and how grateful I am to you for it.”

— What, in your opinion, in “The Duel” can be defined as “brave and violent”?

(Discussion.)

— What topic, besides the crisis of the army, the crisis of Russia, especially concerns Kuprin?

(The theme of protest against war. Kuprin shows the senselessness and inhumanity of wars.)

Teacher's comment:

The anti-war orientation of the story was noted by L. N. Tolstoy. By the way, Tolstoy’s story “After the Ball,” the theme of which is close to that of “The Duel,” was also written in 1905. The main character of “The Duel,” Romashov, thinks that in a rationally organized society there should be no wars: “Perhaps all this is some kind of common mistake, some kind of worldwide delusion, insanity? Is it natural to kill? Romashov naively believes that in order to eliminate war it is necessary for all people to suddenly see the light and declare with one voice: “I don’t want to fight!” and threw down their weapons. The story has several thematic lines: the life of officers, the combat and barracks life of soldiers, relationships between people. It turns out that not all people hold the same pacifist views as Romashov.

— How does Kuprin paint images of officers?

(Kuprin knew the army environment very well from his many years of experience. The images of the officers are given accurately, realistically, with merciless authenticity. Almost all the officers in “The Duel” are nonentities, drunkards, stupid and cruel careerists and ignoramuses. Moreover, they are confident in their class and morality superiority, they treat civilians with contempt, who are called “grouse”, “shpak”, “shtafirki”. Even Pushkin is considered “some kind of shpak” among them. , put out a lit cigarette on his nose, pull a top hat over his ears.”)

— What is the reason for the arrogance and rudeness of officers?

(Unfounded arrogance, perverted ideas about “uniform honor” and honor in general, rudeness is a consequence of isolation, isolation from society, inactivity, stultifying drills. Some kind of blind, animal, senseless person expressed himself in ugly revelry, drunkenness, and absurd antics rebellion against mortal melancholy and monotony. Officers are not used to thinking and reasoning; some seriously believe that in military service “you are not supposed to think at all.” Let us remember that such thoughts visited, for example, Nikolai Rostov from the novel “War and Peace.”

Teacher's comment:

Literary critic Yu. V. Babicheva writes about “The Duel”: “The regiment’s officers have a single “typical” face with clear signs of caste limitations, senseless cruelty, cynicism, vulgarity and arrogance. At the same time, as the plot develops, each officer, typical in his caste ugliness, is shown at least for a moment as he could have become if not for the destructive influence of the army.”

— Do you agree that the officers in the story “The Duel” have a single “typical” face? If so, how does this “unity” manifest itself?

— Is it true that each of the officers, the heroes of Kuprin’s story, “at least for a moment is shown as what he could have become if not for the destructive influence of the army”?

(The writer shows the officer environment in a vertical section: corporals, junior officers, senior officers, senior officers. “With the exception of a few ambitious and careerists, all officers served as forced, unpleasant, disgusted corvée, languishing with it and not loving it.” Except common features characteristic of most officers, each of them has individual traits, outlined so clearly and expressively that the image becomes almost symbolic.)

— What can you say about Osadchy’s image?

(The image of Osadchy is ominous. “He is a cruel man,” Romashov says about him. Osadchy’s cruelty was constantly experienced by the soldiers, who trembled from his thunderous voice and the inhuman force of blows. In Osadchy’s company, suicides of soldiers occurred more often than in others. Bestial, The bloodthirsty Osadchy, in discussions about the duel, insists on the necessity of a fatal outcome of the duel - “otherwise it will only be a stupid pity... a comedy.” At the picnic, he makes a toast “to the joy of former wars, to the cheerful bloody cruelty, in a bloody battle he finds pleasure.” he is intoxicated by the smell of blood, he is ready to chop, stab, shoot all his life - no matter who and for what (chapters VIII, XIV).)

— Tell us about your impressions of Captain Slive.

(Captain Sliva - “even in the regiment, which, thanks to the conditions of wild provincial life, was not distinguished by a particularly humane direction, he was some kind of outlandish monument of this ferocious military antiquity.” He did not read a single book, not a single newspaper, and despised everything that went beyond the boundaries of the system, regulations and company. This is a lethargic, degraded man, he brutally beats soldiers until they bleed, but is attentive to the needs of the soldiers: he does not withhold money, he personally monitors the company boiler (Chapter X).

— What is the difference between the image of Captain Stelkovsky?

(Perhaps, only the image of Captain Stelkovsky - patient, cold-blooded, persistent - does not cause disgust. The soldiers “truly loved him: an example, perhaps, the only one in the Russian army” (Chapter XV).)

— What are the distinctive features of Bek-Agamalov?

(Bek-Agamalov boasts of his ability to chop, says with regret that he probably won’t cut a person in half: “I’ll take his head to hell, I know that, but so that it’s oblique... no. My father did it easily...” (“Yes, there were people in our time...”) With his evil eyes, a hooked nose and bared teeth, he “looked like some kind of predatory, angry and proud bird” (Chapter I).

Traits of Bek-Agamalov are present in each of the officers. Many are generally distinguished by their animal-like nature. During a scandal in a brothel, this bestial essence appears especially clearly: in Bek-Agamalov’s rolling eyes, “exposed round whites sparkled terribly,” his head “was lowered low and menacingly,” “an ominous yellow shine lit up in his eyes.” “And at the same time, he bent his legs lower and lower, shrank all over and drew his neck into himself, like an animal ready to make a jump.”)

— What feelings do officers experience after a scandal in a brothel?

(After this scandal, which ended in a fight and a challenge to a duel, “everyone dispersed, embarrassed, depressed, avoiding looking at each other. Everyone was afraid to read in the eyes of others their own horror, their slavish, guilty melancholy - the horror and melancholy of small, evil and dirty animals (Chapter XIX).)