Did you know that behind the big names of famous personalities there can be hidden lesser-known, not always easy to remember and beautiful names and surnames. Some people have to take a pseudonym solely for security reasons, others believe that they can achieve fame only with a short or original pseudonym, and some change their last name or first name just like that, in the hope that this will change their life. Here is a small list of pseudonyms and real names of famous writers.
Boris Akunin - Grigory Shalvovich Chkhartishvili (b. 1956). Russian writer, literary critic, translator. All 90s of the XX century. writing popular books of the “low genre”, that is, detective stories and thrillers, was considered an activity unworthy of an intelligent person: the author should not be smarter than his works. Moreover, as the writer himself admitted in an interview, bookstore merchandisers would never have pronounced Chkhartishvili’s name anyway. But Boris Akunin speaks easily and immediately sets the school-graduated reader up for the classics of the 19th century. "Aku-nin" in Japanese means "bad person", "scoundrel". According to another version, this pseudonym was chosen in honor of the famous Russian anarchist Bakunin.
In 2012, Boris Akunin confirmed in his LiveJournal blog that he was the author, hiding under the pseudonym Anatoly Brusnikin. Three historical novels were published under this name: “The Ninth Savior”, “Hero of Another Time” and “Bellona”. In addition, he revealed that he is also the author of novels under the female pseudonym Anna Borisova: “There ...”, “Creative” and “Vremenagoda
Eduard Bagritsky - Eduard Grigorievich Dzyubin (1895−1934).
Russian poet, translator and playwright. Author of works: “The Birdcatcher”, “Till Eulenspiegel”, “The Thought of Opanas”, “Smugglers”, “The Death of a Pioneer” and others. Since 1915, he wrote under the pseudonym “Eduard Bagritsky” and the female mask “Nina Voskresenskaya” and began publishing his poems in Odessa literary almanacs. He was published in Odessa newspapers and humor magazines under the pseudonyms “Someone Vasya”, “Nina Voskresenskaya”, “Rabkor Gortsev”. The author apparently took the pseudonym Bagritsky in honor of his partisan past in Budyonny’s 1st Cavalry Army. He himself characterized his pseudonym as follows: “It sounds like wartime. There is something in it from my poems.”
Demyan Bedny - Pridvorov Efim Alekseevich (1883−19,450).
Russian and Soviet poet. He wrote a large number of fables, songs, ditties and poems of other genres. A major bibliophile, well versed in the history of books, collected one of the largest private libraries in the USSR (over 30 thousand volumes). The history of the origin of his pseudonym is as follows: one day the poet brought to the printing house a poem “About Demyan the Poor, a harmful man” and his next arrival was greeted by the printing house workers with exclamations: “Demyan the Poor is coming!” This nickname stuck with Pridvorov and later became his pseudonym. By the way, the poet’s uncle, a really poor peasant from the Kherson region, was called Demyan.
By the way, Demyan Bedny became one of the prototypes of Ivan Bezdomny in Mikhail Bulgakov’s novel “The Master and Margarita”.
Andrei Bely - Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev (1880−1934).
Russian writer, poet, prose writer, critic, memoirist. One of the leading figures of symbolism.
The pseudonym “Andrei Bely”, by B. N. Bugaev’s own admission, was invented for him by the father of his friend Mikhail Solovyov, who was the son of the famous historian, author of the multi-volume “History of Russia from Ancient Times” Sergei Solovyov. White is a sacred, comforting color, representing a harmonious combination of all colors - the favorite color of Vladimir Solovyov.
Kir (Kirill) Bulychev - Igor Mozheiko (1934−2003). Science fiction writer, Doctor of Historical Sciences, employee of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
The author of more than 200 works, including: a cycle about the girl Alice, a cycle about the great city of Guslyar, the adventures of Doctor Pavlysh and many others. Winner of the Aelita Science Fiction Prize, Knight of the Order of the Knights of Fantasy.
He published his fantastic works exclusively under a pseudonym, which was composed of the name of his wife (Kira) and the maiden name of the writer’s mother. The writer kept his real name a secret until 1982, because he believed that the leadership of the Institute of Oriental Studies would not consider science fiction a serious activity, and was afraid that after revealing his pseudonym he would be fired. Sometimes he used other pseudonyms: Mints Lev Khristoforovich, Lozhkin Nikolai, Maung Sein Ji.
Agatha Christie
Mary Westmacott (Westmacott) is the pseudonym of the English writer, master of detective stories, Agatha Christie, under which she published 6 psychological novels: “The Bread of Giants”, “An Unfinished Portrait”, “Separated in the Spring” (“Lost in the Spring”), “Rose and Yew” , “Daughter is Daughter”, “Burden” (“Burden of Love”).
Volodin Alexander Moiseevich - Lifshits Alexander Moiseevich (1919 - 2001).
Playwright, prose writer, film screenwriter. Based on his scripts, plays were staged and films were made: “Five Evenings”, “Elder Sister”, “Assignment”, “Do not part with your loved ones”, “Dulcinea of Toboso”, “Two Arrows” and many others.
The pseudonym was formed from the name of Volodya’s son.
Arkady Gaidar - Golikov Arkady Petrovich (1904−1941). Soviet children's writer, one of the founders of modern children's literature, author of the stories “Timur and his team”, “Chuk and Gek”, “The Fate of the Drummer”, etc. An active participant in the Civil War. During the Great Patriotic War, Gaidar was in the active army, as a correspondent for Komsomolskaya Pravda, was a machine gunner in a partisan detachment, and died in battle.
There are two versions of the origin of the pseudonym Gaidar. The first one, which has become widespread, is “gaidar” - in Mongolian “a horseman galloping in front”. According to another version, Arkady Golikov could take the name Gaidar as his own: in Bashkiria and Khakassia, where he visited, the names Gaidar (Geidar, Haydar, etc.) are found very often. This version was supported by the writer himself.
Galperin
Nora Gal - Galperina Eleonora Yakovlevna (1912−1991). Russian translator. She translated over 1000 works from English and French - “The Little Prince” and “Planet of Men” by Saint-Exupéry, “The Stranger” by A. Camus, stories by R. Bradbury, J. London, S. Maugham, Edgar Allan Poe, etc.
Galperina herself explained the origin of the pseudonym as follows: “There are a lot of Galperins, the surname is so common that at the institute and graduate school I turned out to be the namesake of my supervisor, and began to publish in that magazine. This would have been very unpleasant for her, but, fortunately, even earlier and in another As a matter of fact, I was already published under the school “nickname” - an abbreviation, as was common in the 20s, and so it went: Gal.”
Rasul Gamzatov - Tsadasa Rasul Gamzatovich (1923−2003).
Avar poet, people's poet of Dagestan.
I chose the pseudonym after my father, also a poet, Gamzat Tsadasa. At first, Rasul signed poems with his father’s pseudonym - Tsadas. But one day a mountaineer, who did not know that Rasul wrote poetry, said to him: “Listen, what happened to your respected father? Previously, having read his poems just once, I immediately memorized them by heart, but now I can’t even understand! " And then Rasul decided to make his father’s name his surname and began to sign Rasul Gamzatov.
Maxim Gorky - Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov (1868−1936). Russian and Soviet writer. Author of the well-known works “Song of the Petrel”, “Mother”, “The Life of Klim Samgin”, etc.
He associated himself and his work with the bitterness of life and the bitterness of truth - hence the pseudonym. At the very beginning of his literary career, he also wrote feuilletons in the Samara Gazeta under the pseudonym Yehudiel Khlamida. M. Gorky himself emphasized that the correct pronunciation of his last name is Peshkov, although almost everyone pronounces it as Peshkov.
Alexander Green - Alexander Stepanovich Grinevsky (1880−1932).
Russian writer, prose writer, representative of the movement of romantic realism, author of the novels “Scarlet Sails”, “Running on the Waves”, “Golden Chain”, etc.
The writer's pseudonym became his childhood nickname Green - this is how the school shortened the long surname Grinevsky.
Daniel Defoe - Daniel Faux (1660−1731).
English writer and publicist, best known as the author of “The Life and Amazing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe...”. De Foe is the surname of Daniel's ancestors. After several generations, the prefix De was lost, the family surname was transformed into the English manner, and the former Defoe began to be called simply Fo. In 1695, the aspiring writer returned it to its place. The reason was that Daniel decides to hide under a different name, because he had to hide from the authorities for participating in the uprising. And then from Daniel Foe he becomes Daniel Defoe. Although this surname is not completely alien, it is still not the same as what belongs to his parents.
Musa Jalil - Musa Mustafovich Zalilov (1906−1944).
Tatar Soviet poet. The most famous work is the Maobit Notebook.
For his participation in an underground organization, Musa was executed in a military prison in Berlin. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Jalil translated from the Tatar language means: “great”, “respected”, “famous”.
Elena Ilyina - Liya Yakovlevna Preis (1901−1964).
Soviet writer, sister of S. Ya. Marshak. She wrote a lot for children, the author of poems, poetic tales, stories, and essays. Author of the story “The Fourth Height.”
She took the pseudonym out of solidarity with her brother, who for some time wrote under the pseudonym M. Ilyin.
Ilya Arnoldovich Ilf - Ilya Fainzilberg (1897−1937).
The pseudonym is formed from part of the first name and the first letter of the last name: ILYA Fainzilberg.
Veniamin Kaverin - Veniamin Zilber (1902−1989).
The writer said about his pseudonym that “he took the surname Kaverin... meaning Pushkin’s friend, the dashing hussar. I was impressed by his courage and boldness.”
Kozma (Petrovich) Prutkov (1803−1863) is a literary mask under which they appeared in the magazines Sovremennik, Iskra and others in the 50s and 60s. XIX century Poets Alexey Tolstoy, brothers Alexey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov, as well as Pyotr Ershov.
Carlo Collodi - Carlo Lorenzini (1826−1890).
Lorenzini participated in the national liberation movement, so he needed a pseudonym. He began signing his works “Carlo Collodi” - after the name of the town where his mother was born.
Janusz Korczak - Ersch Henryk Goldschmit (1878−1942).
An outstanding Polish teacher, writer, doctor and public figure. In the fascist Treblinka concentration camp, he refused the freedom offered at the last minute and chose to stay with his children, accepting death with them in the gas chamber.
G. Goldschmit borrowed his pseudonym from the hero of the novel by Y. Kraszewski “The Story of Janasz Korczak and the Daughter of the Sword Bearer.” At the printing house, the typesetter accidentally changed Janash to Janusz; the writer liked this name and stayed with him for the rest of his life.
Lewis Carroll - Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832−1898).
The pseudonym is formed on the principle of “translation” of the real name into Latin and reverse “translation” from Latin into English. Lewis Carroll signed all his mathematical and logical works under his real name, and all his literary works under a pseudonym.
Lazar Iosifovich Lagin - Ginzburg Lazar Iosifovich (1903−1979).
Jack London - John Griffith Cheney (1876−1916).
Max Frei is the literary pseudonym of two authors - writer Svetlana Martynchik (b. 1965) and artist Igor Stepin (b. 1967).
The series “Labyrinths of Echo” and “Chronicles of Echo” includes about 40 stories, which tell in the first person the adventures of an ordinary, at first glance, young man who dramatically changes his life by agreeing to the proposal of his new acquaintance from dreams - to move to another world and enter its service.
Thus, Max Fry is both a pseudonym and the main character
Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (1887−1964).
Russian Soviet poet, playwright, translator, literary critic.
The surname "Marshak" is an abbreviation meaning "Our teacher Rabbi Aharon Shmuel Kaydanover" and belongs to the descendants of this famous rabbi.
In his work, S. Ya. Marshak used the following pseudonyms: Doctor Fricken, Weller, S. Kuchumov, S. Yakovlev. The last pseudonym is a patronym formed after the poet’s father. Marshak used the pseudonym “Weller” in his youth. Weller is the surname of the cheerful servant Mr. Pickwick, a character in Charles Dickens's novel The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club.
O. Henry - William Sidney Porter (1862−1910).
American short story writer. While serving his prison sentence, Porter worked in the infirmary and wrote stories, looking for a pseudonym. In the end, he chose the version of O. Henry (often incorrectly spelled like the Irish surname - O'Henry). Its origin is not entirely clear. The writer himself claimed in an interview that the name Henry was taken from the society news column in the newspaper, and the initial O. was chosen as the simplest letter. He told one of the newspapers that O. stands for Oliver (the French name Olivier), and indeed, he published several stories there under the name Oliver Henry. According to other sources, this is the name of the famous French pharmacist Etienne Océan Henri, whose medical reference book was popular at that time.
Leonid Panteleev - Alexey Ivanovich Eremeev (1908−1987).
Russian writer, author of the works “Republic of SHKID”, “Lyonka Panteleev”.
While in an orphanage, Alexey was distinguished by such a tough disposition that he received the nickname Lyonka Panteleev, after the famous Petrograd raider of those years. He left it as a literary pseudonym.
Evgeny Petrov - Evgeny Petrovich Kataev.
Russian writer who co-wrote with Ilf “12 Chairs” and “The Golden Calf”.
The younger brother of the writer Valentin Kataev did not want to take advantage of his literary fame, and therefore came up with a pseudonym derived from his father’s name.
Boris Polevoy - Borukh (Boris) Nikolaevich Kampov (1908−1981).
Soviet writer, whose fame was brought to him by The Tale of a Real Man.
The pseudonym Polevoy was born as a result of the proposal of one of the editors to “translate the surname Kampov from Latin” (campus - field) into Russian.
Joanna Kathleen Rowling (J. K. Rowling) - Joanna Murray Rowling (b. 1965).
English writer, author of the Harry Potter series of novels.
Before its first publication, the publisher feared that boys would be reluctant to buy a book written by a woman. Therefore, Rowling was asked to use initials instead of her full name. At the same time, the publishing house wanted the initials to consist of two letters. Rowling chose her grandmother's name, Kathleen, for her middle initial.
Other pseudonyms for JK Rowling: NewtScamander, KennilworthyWisp.
Rybakov Anatoly Naumovich - Aronov Anatoly Naumovich (1911−1998).
George Sand - Amanda Aurore Dupin (1804−1876).
Svetlov Mikhail - Sheinkman Mikhail Arkadievich (1903−1964).
Igor Severyanin - Lotarev Igor Vladimirovich (1887−1941).
Poet of the "Silver Age".
The pseudonym Northerner emphasizes the poet’s “northern” origin (he was born in the Vologda province).
According to another version, in his youth he went with his father on a trip to the Far East. This trip inspired the poet - hence the pseudonym Northerner.
Sef Roman Semyonovich - Roald Semyonovich Firemark (1931−2009).
Children's poet, writer, playwright, translator.
Sef is the party pseudonym of the writer’s father, Semyon Efimovich Firemark.
Tim Sobakin - Andrey Viktorovich Ivanov (b. 1958).
Russian writer, author of prose and poems for children.
Andrey Ivanov has a lot of pseudonyms. The writer explained their appearance as follows: “When I felt that my poems might be published today or tomorrow, I thought about a pseudonym. But nothing worthwhile came to my mind. And then on May 1, 1983, I accidentally saw a children’s film on TV. According to stories Gaidar. There, at the end, the boy stands in front of the squadron, so thin... And the commander solemnly: “For the courage and heroism shown, I express my gratitude to Grigory... what’s your last name?” And I immediately realized: this is mine. Especially when my mother reminded me that I was born in the year of the Dog. Moreover, I love these faithful creatures who do not betray. In Japan, a dog is a symbol of justice. Psov, and Savva Bakin, Nika Bosmith (Tim Sobakin on the contrary), AndrushkaYvanov, Sidor Tyaff, Stepan Timokhin, Sim Tobakin and others."
Mark Twain - Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835−1910).
American writer, journalist and public figure, author of the novels The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
Clemens claimed that the pseudonym "Mark Twain" was taken by him in his youth from terms of river navigation. Then he was an assistant pilot on the Mississippi, and the cry “mark twain” (“marktwain” literally means “mark two fathoms”) meant that, according to the mark on the lotline, the minimum depth suitable for the passage of river vessels had been reached.
In addition to “Mark Twain,” Clemens signed himself once in 1896 as “Sieur Louis de Comte” (under this name he published his novel “Personal Memoirs of Joan of Arcsières of Louis de Comte, Her Page and Secretary”).
Pamela (Lyndon) Travers (P.L. Travers) - Helen Lyndon Goff (1899−1996).
English writer, mainly known as the author of the Mary Poppins series of children's books.
At first she tried herself on stage (Pamela is a stage name), playing exclusively in Shakespeare’s plays, but then her passion for literature won out, and she devoted herself entirely to writing, publishing her works under the pseudonym “P. L. Travers” (the first two initials were used to hide the woman’s name - a common practice for English-speaking writers).
Teffi - Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lokhvitskaya (1872−1952).
Russian writer, poetess, author of satirical poems and feuilletons.
She explained the origin of her pseudonym as follows: she knew a certain stupid man named Stefan, whom the servant called Steffy. Believing that stupid people are usually happy, she took this nickname for herself as a pseudonym, shortening it “for the sake of delicacy” to “Taffy.”
Another version of the origin of the pseudonym is offered by researchers of Teffi’s creativity, according to whom the pseudonym for Nadezhda Alexandrovna, who loved hoaxes and jokes, and was also the author of literary parodies and feuilletons, became part of a literary game aimed at creating an appropriate image of the author. There is also a version that Teffi took her pseudonym because her sister, the poetess Mirra Lokhvitskaya, who was called the “Russian Sappho,” was published under her real name.
Erin Hunter is the common pseudonym of four British writers, authors of the Warrior Cats, Wanderers and Survivors book series.
Cherith Baldry (1947), author of The Forest of Secrets, The Dangerous Path, The Battle for the Forest, The Message, Midnight, Moonrise, Starlight, Twilight, Sunset, "Les Miserables", "Long Shadows" and "Sunrise" from the "Warrior Cats" series, as well as books from the "Wanderers" series.
Victoria Holmes (b. 1975), editor and author of the book “Tribal Heroes” (Warrior Cats series).
Daniil Kharms - Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev (1905−1942).
Russian writer and poet.
In the writer's manuscripts there are about 40 different pseudonyms: Kharms, Haarms, Dandan, Charms, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling and others.
The pseudonym “Kharms” (a combination of the French “charme” - charm, charm and the English “harm” - harm) most accurately reflected the essence of the writer’s attitude to life and creativity.
Joanna Khmelevskaya - Irena Barbara Joanna Becker (b. 1932)
Famous Polish writer, author of female ironic detective stories (more than 60: “Wedge with wedge”, “What the dead man said”, “Everything is red or crime in Allerod”, “Forest”, “Harpies”, “Wells of the ancestors” and many others.) and many others. the founder of this genre for Russian readers.
Pseudonym - great-grandmother's surname.
Sasha Cherny - Glikberg Alexander Mikhailovich (1880−1932).
Poet.
The family had five children, two of whom were named Sasha. The blonde was called "White", the brunette - "Black". Hence the pseudonym.
Korney Chukovsky - Korneychukov Nikolai Vasilievich (1882−1969).
Russian writer, poet, translator, literary critic.
The poet's pseudonym is formed from the division of the surname: Korneychukov Korney Chukovsky
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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The work was completed by Anastasia Ostroukhova, a student of class 7 A of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 1. Head Makhortova Irina Anatolyevna
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Why did writers take pseudonyms for themselves, what semantic meaning do they carry, what are the methods of their formation? study of the reasons for the appearance of pseudonyms of Russian writers and poets of the 19th century, their classification according to methods of education
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Pseudonyms allow you to more fully imagine the history of literature and become more familiar with the biography and work of writers.
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Identify the reasons for the appearance of pseudonyms. Explore ways to form pseudonyms. Classify pseudonyms into certain groups. Conduct a survey.
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famous Russian writers and poets of the 19th century, pseudonyms of Russian writers and poets whose work is studied in grades 5-7 according to the program V.Ya. Korovina
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A pseudonym is a false name, a fictitious name or a symbol with which the author signs his work.
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Trying the pen Censorship Class prejudices Namesakes The commonness of the surname Comic effect
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All pseudonyms are divided into certain groups, which are based on the principle of their formation. According to researchers, there are now over fifty different types of pseudonyms. Dmitriev V.G. in the book “Hidden Their Names” he identifies 57 classification groups of pseudonyms
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Method of formation Pseudonym Real surname Comment 1) cryptonyms - signatures in the form of initials and various abbreviations T.L. Tolstoy Lev A.S.G.A.S. Grinevsky A.F. Afanasy Fet In the first book of his poems, “Lyrical Pantheon,” 20-year-old Fet hid his first and last name, hiding under the initials A.F. He then tried to destroy this book. or K. Ivan Krylov This is how N.N. signed his first work, an epigram in the magazine “A Cure for Boredom and Worries.” Nikolay Nekrasov
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apokonyms - pseudonyms obtained by discarding the beginning or end of the name, surname Green A. S. Grinevsky Gave his surname a foreign connotation, sacrificing its second half. "Green!" - this is how the children called Grinevsky briefly at school. Growing up, he used the nickname as a pseudonym. -v M.Yu. Lermontov Censorship forbade the publication of “Song about the merchant Kalashnikov.....”, since the author was exiled to the Caucasus. But at the request of V.A. Zhukovsky they allowed it to be published without indicating the author’s name. The editors of "Russian Disabled Person" put -v under the work. atelonyms, - pseudonyms obtained by omitting part of the letters of the first and last name Alexander Nkshp, -P- Alexander Inksh A.S. Pushkin OOO N.V. Gogol These four “o”s were part of N.V.’s full surname. Gogol - Gogol – Yanovskoy
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2) paizonym - a comic pseudonym intended to produce a comic effect F.A. Belopyatkin, Feklist Bob, Ivan Wartkin, Churmen, Literary Exchange broker Nazar Vymochkin Nikolay Nekrasov Feofilakt Kosichkin A.S. Pushkin This is Pushkin’s favorite pseudonym, with which he signed two pamphlets in the Telescope. Maremyan Danilovich Zhukovyatnikov, chairman of the commission on the construction of the Muratov House, author of the cramped stable, fire-breathing ex-president of the old vegetable garden, gentleman of three livers and commander of Galimati Vasily Zhukovsky Vasily Zhukovsky signed his comic ballad "Elena Ivanovna Protasova, or Friendship, impatience and cabbage" Retired teacher of Russian literature Platon Nedobobov I.S. Turgenev So signed by I.S. Turgenev feuilleton “The Six-Year-Old Accuser” G. Baldastov; Makar Baldastov; My brother's brother; Doctor without patients; Nut No. 6; Nut No. 9; Rook; Don Antonio Cehonte; Nettle; Purselepetanov; A person without a spleen; Champagne; Young Elder; Akaki Tarantulov, Nekto, Schiller Shakespeareovich Goethe, Arkhip Indeikin; Vasily Spiridonov Svolachev; Zakharyeva; Petukhov A.P. Chekhov Chekhov has more than 50 pseudonyms.
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3) matronyms - pseudonyms formed from the first or last name of the author’s mother Shenshin A.A. Fet mother’s last name Turgenev-Lutovinov I.S. Turgenev mother's surname 4) frenonym - a pseudonym indicating the main character trait of the author or the main feature of his work. Maxim Gorky A. Peshkov Maxim Gorky associated himself and his work with the bitterness of life and the bitterness of truth. M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin M.E. Saltykov The pseudonym was obtained by joining his real surname with the pseudonym Shchedrin, which he chose on the advice of his wife, as a derivative of the word “generous”, since in his writings he is extremely generous with all kinds of sarcasm 5) Palinonym (inverted anagram) - pseudonym, formed by reading the first and last name from right to left Navi Volyrk Ivan Krylov This method, despite its simplicity, was not widespread because the result, as a rule, was an ugly combination of sounds.
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6) geonym, or troponym - a pseudonym associated with geographical objects, most often with the place of birth or residence Antony Pogorelsky Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky took the pseudonym Antony Pogorelsky from the village of Pogoreltsa, inherited from his father. Krasnorogsky Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy Alexey Konstantinovich Tolstoy first appeared in print, publishing a separate book, under the pseudonym “Krasnorogsky” (from the name of the Krasny Rog estate), the fantastic story “The Ghoul”. Gr. Diyarbekir M.Yu. Lermontov M.Yu. Lermontov signed the poems “Gospital” and “Ulansha” with one of his pseudonyms - “Gr. Diyarbekir." The poet borrowed this name of a city in Turkish Kurdistan from Stendhal’s novel “The Red and the Black.” 7) geronym - the surname of a literary character or mythological creature Ivan Petrovich Belkin A.S. Pushkin, adopted as a pseudonym real name. Pasichnik Rudy Panko, P. Glechik N.V. Gogol N.V. Gogol “Evenings on a farm near Dikanka” signed the Stories published by Pasichnik Rudy Panko. The chapter “Teacher” from the Little Russian story “The Scary Boar” was signed by P. Glechik. Gogol was hiding under this pseudonym.
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8) metonym, or paronym - a pseudonym formed by analogy, by the similarity of meaning with the real surname. Chekhov - Chekhonte A.P. Chekhov 9) title - signature indicating the title or position of the author Arz. and St.ar. Several of Pushkin's pseudonyms are associated with his lyceum past. This is Arz. and St.ar. - Arzamasets and Old Arzamasets, respectively (in 1815-1818 Pushkin was a member of the Arzamas literary circle). 10) koinonym - a common pseudonym adopted by several authors writing together Kozma Prutkov Alexey Tolstoy, brothers Alexey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov Kozma Petrovich Prutkov - pseudonym under which the poets Alexey Tolstoy, brothers Alexey, performed in the 50-60s of the 19th century Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov. 11) literary mask - a signature that gives deliberately incorrect information about the author, characterizing the fictitious person to whom he attributes authorship Kozma Prutkov Alexey Tolstoy, brothers Alexey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov Kozma Petrovich Prutkov - the pseudonym under which they performed in the 50-60s years of the 19th century, poets Alexey Tolstoy, brothers Alexey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov.
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12) astronim - a signature consisting of one or more asterisks. *** I. Turgenev, N. Nekrasov, N. Gogol, A. Pushkin 13) tracing paper - a pseudonym formed by translating a real surname into another language. M. Lerma M.Yu. Lermontov In his youth M.Yu. Lermontov associated his surname with the early 17th century Spanish statesman Francisco Lermoy and signed his letters “M. Lerma." 14) pseudogynym - a female first and last name adopted by the male author Elsa Moravskaya A.S. Grinevsky, or Green 15) digital surname - a surname or initials, encrypted by replacing letters with numbers. 1) “1...14-16”, deciphered as - A...n-P – Alexander n....P 2) “1...14-17”, i.e. - A...n-r – Alexander 3) “1...16-14”, i.e. - A...P-n – Alexander P....n 4) “1...17-14”, i.e. A...r-n – Alexander....n A. Pushkin
Representatives of creative professions often use pseudonyms, the reasons for this can be very different, I have always wondered why people take a different name for themselves, and in general it can be surprising to find out that the name of the writer you are used to is not real. I decided to compile a selection of famous writers who used a pseudonym.
1. Boris Akunin, aka Anatoly Brusnikin and Anna Borisova - pseudonyms of Grigory Chkhartishvili
Initially, he published his works as B. Akunin. The Japanese word “akunin” (Japanese 悪人), according to one of the heroes of the novel “The Diamond Chariot,” is translated as “scoundrel, villain,” but of gigantic proportions, in other words, an outstanding personality standing on the side of evil. And it was precisely these villains that Erast Fandorin encountered throughout his career. The decoding of “B” as “Boris” appeared a few years later, when the writer began to be frequently interviewed.
He publishes critical and documentary works under his real name.
2. Georges Sand - real name Amandine Aurora Lucille Dupin, married to Baroness Dudevant.
At the beginning of her writing career, Aurora wrote together with Jules Sandot (French fiction writer): the novels “The Commissioner” (1830), “Rose and Blanche” (1831), which had great success among readers, were published under his signature, since the stepmother of Casimir Dudevant ( husband Aurora) did not want to see her last name on the covers of books. Already on her own, Aurora began new work on the novel “Indiana,” the theme of which was the contrast of a woman seeking ideal love with a sensual and vain man. Sando approved the novel, but refused to sign someone else's text. Aurora chose a male pseudonym: this became for her a symbol of deliverance from the slavish position to which modern society doomed women. Keeping the surname Sand, she added the name Georges.
3. Richard Bachman - the pseudonym under which Stephen King published the books "Rage", "The Long Walk", "Road Work", "The Running Man", and "Thinner"
There are two versions about the reasons that prompted King to take a pseudonym. The first is to see if his alter ego can achieve the same success as himself. The second explanation is that the publishing standards of the time allowed only one book per year. The surname Bachman was not taken by chance; he is a fan of the musical group Bachman-Turner Overdrive.
4. Joe Hill Real name: Joseph Hillstrom King, son of Stephen King.
Wanting to achieve literary success on his own, without using the fame of his father's name, he took the pseudonym "Joe Hill". It was both an abbreviation of his real name Joseph and his middle name Hillstrom, and alluded to the person in whose honor Joseph Hillstrom was named - the famous American labor activist of the early 20th century and songwriter Joe Hill, who was unfairly accused of murder and executed in an American prison in 1915.
5. Robert Galbraith is the pseudonym of JK Rowling, used for the detective series about Cormoran Strike.
According to Rowling herself, publishing a book under a pseudonym freed her from the pressure to meet readers' expectations and live up to a fixed level of quality, and, conversely, gave her the opportunity to hear criticism of work that does not have her name on it. She told the Sunday Times magazine that she hoped that her involvement in writing the novel would not be revealed soon.
The publisher's website claimed that Robert Galbraith was the pseudonym of a former member of the Royal Military Police Special Investigations Unit who left in 2003 and went into private security business.
6. George Elliott's real name is Mary Ann Evans.
Like many other writers of the 19th century (George Sand, Marco Vovchok, the Brontë sisters - “Carrer, Ellis and Acton Bell”, Krestovsky-Khvoshchinskaya) - Mary Evans used a male pseudonym in order to arouse in the public a serious attitude towards her writings and caring for the integrity of your personal life. (In the 19th century, her works were translated into Russian without disclosing her pseudonym, which was inflected like a man’s first and last name: “a novel by George Eliot”).
7. Kir Bulychev real name Igor Vsevolodovich Mozheiko
He published science fiction works exclusively under a pseudonym. The first work of fiction, the story “The Debt of Hospitality,” was published as “a translation of a story by the Burmese writer Maung Sein Ji.” Bulychev subsequently used this name several more times, but most of his science fiction works were published under the pseudonym “Kirill Bulychev” - the pseudonym was combined from the name of his wife, Kira, and the maiden name of the writer’s mother. Subsequently, the name “Kirill” on the covers of books began to be written in abbreviation - “Kir.”, and then the “abbreviated” period was changed, and this is how the now famous “Kir Bulychev” turned out. The combination Kirill Vsevolodovich Bulychev also occurred. The writer kept his real name a secret until 1982, because he believed that the leadership of the Institute of Oriental Studies would not consider science fiction a serious activity, and was afraid that after revealing his pseudonym he would be fired.
8. Arkady Gaidar, real name Golikov
Vladimir Soloukhin in the artistic and journalistic book “Salt Lake” gives a story according to which the pseudonym “Gaidar” is associated with the activities of A.P. Golikov as the head of the 2nd combat region of the ChON of the Achinsk district of the Yenisei province (now the Republic of Khakassia) in 1922-1924 years:
“Gaidar,” Misha said slowly, as usual, “the word is purely Khakassian.” Only the correct sound is not “Gaidar”, but “Haidar”; and it does not mean “going forward” and not “forward-looking”, but simply “where”. And this word stuck to him because he asked everyone: “Haidar?” That is, where to go? He didn’t know any other Khakass words.
The name “Gaidar” reminded the writer of his school years, bearing in mind that the “G” in this name meant “Golikov”, the “ai” meant “Arkady”, and the “gift”, as if echoing the hero of Alexandre Dumas, D’Artagnan, “in the French manner” meant “from Arzamas.” Thus, the name “Gaidar” stands for “Golikov Arkady from Arzamas.”
The third version of the origin of the pseudonym and surname: from Ukrainian “gaidar” is a sheep shepherd. Arkady Golikov’s childhood was connected with the Gaidars, as he spent several summer months with them for several years in a row. He liked these places and his childhood memories so much that he chose the pseudonym Arkady Gaidar.
9. Teffi Real name Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lokhvitskaya
For the first time, the name Teffi (without initials) appears in the 51st issue of the Theater and Art magazine, in December 1901 (this is the second publication of the writer). Perhaps Teffi took a pseudonym because long before the start of her literary activity, her older sister, the poetess Mirra Lokhvitskaya, whom critics nicknamed the “Russian Sappho,” gained fame. (By the beginning of her literary career, Teffi had already separated from her first husband, after whom she bore the last name Buchinskaya). According to researchers of Teffi’s creativity E.M. Trubilova and D.D. Nikolaev, the pseudonym for Nadezhda Alexandrovna, who loved hoaxes and jokes, and was also the author of literary parodies and feuilletons, became part of a literary game aimed at creating an appropriate image of the author.
The version of the origin of the pseudonym is set out by the writer herself in the story “Pseudonym”. She did not want to sign her texts with a man’s name, as contemporary writers often did: “I didn’t want to hide behind a male pseudonym. Cowardly and cowardly. It’s better to choose something incomprehensible, neither this nor that. But what? We need a name that would bring happiness. The best name is the name of some fool - fools are always happy.” She “remembered one fool, truly excellent and, in addition, one who was lucky, which means that fate itself recognized him as an ideal fool. His name was Stepan, and his family called him Steffy. Having dropped the first letter out of delicacy (so that the fool would not become arrogant),” the writer “decided to sign her play “Taffy””. After the successful premiere of this play, in an interview with a journalist, when asked about the pseudonym, Teffi replied that “this is... the name of one fool..., that is, such a surname.” The journalist noted that he was “told it was from Kipling.” Taffy, who remembered Kipling’s name, as well as the song “Taffy was a walesman / Taffy was a thief...” from Trilby, agreed with this version.
10. Mark Twain Real name Samuel Langhorne Clemens
Clemens claimed that the pseudonym Mark Twain was taken by him in his youth from river navigation terms. Then he was an assistant pilot on the Mississippi, and the cry of “mark twain” (literally “mark two”) meant that, according to the mark on the lotline, the minimum depth suitable for the passage of river vessels had been reached - 2 fathoms (≈ 3 .7 m).
However, there is a version about the literary origin of this pseudonym: in 1861, Vanity Fair magazine published a humorous story by Artemus Ward (real name Charles Brown) “North Star” about three sailors, one of whom was named Mark Twain. Samuel was very fond of the humorous section of this magazine and read Ward's works in his first appearances.
In addition to “Mark Twain,” Clemens once signed himself in 1896 as “Sieur Louis de Conte” (French: Sieur Louis de Conte) - under this name he published his novel “Personal Memoirs of Joan of Arc of Sir Louis de Conte, her page and secretary."
11. Max Fry is the literary pseudonym of two authors - Svetlana Martynchik and Igor Stepin
The book series was written by Svetlana Martynchik in collaboration with Igor Stepin and published under the pseudonym “Max Frei”. The authors maintained some anonymity, not revealing their pseudonyms and not appearing in public specifically as the authors of novels (they were known as artists). On the website “Physionomy of the Russian Internet”, under the name Max Fry, there was a portrait of an unknown black man. Coupled with jokes from the Azbuka publishing house that Max Fry was a blue-eyed black man, this fueled rumors that “literary blacks” were writing under a pseudonym.
My pseudonym was chosen precisely because of my hero. I wanted the name of the author and the name of the character from whom the story is told to match. Svetlana Martynchik
Maria Zakharova notes that the language game characteristic of Max Frei’s texts is also manifested in the choice of pseudonym: “for example, Max Frei - max frei (German) - “maximum freely”” and “it is important to note that both Max Frei and Holm Van Zaichik - fictitious, “game”, pseudonyms of Russian-speaking authors"""
12. O. Henry real name William Sidney Porter
In prison, Porter worked in the infirmary as a pharmacist (a rare profession in prison) and wrote stories, looking for a pseudonym. In the end, he chose the version of O. Henry (often incorrectly spelled like the Irish surname O'Henry - O'Henry). Its origin is not entirely clear. The writer himself claimed in an interview that the name Henry was taken from the society news column in the newspaper, and the initial O. was chosen as the simplest letter. He told one of the newspapers that O. stands for Olivier (the French name Olivier), and indeed, he published several stories there under the name Olivier Henry.
According to other sources, this is the name of the famous French pharmacist Etienne Ocean Henry, whose medical reference book was popular at that time.
Another hypothesis was put forward by writer and scientist Guy Davenport: “Oh. Henry" is nothing more than an abbreviation of the name of the prison where the author was imprisoned - Ohio Penitentiary (Ohio State Penitentiary). Also known as the Arena District, which burned to the ground on April 21, 1930.
Al Jennings, who was in prison with Porter and became famous as the author of the book "Through the Dark with O. Henry" (there is an option to translate the title "With O. Henry at the Bottom"), in his book says that the pseudonym was taken from a famous cowboy song , where there are the following lines: “My beloved returned at 12 o’clock. Tell me, O Henry, what is the sentence?” .
There is an opinion that “The famous American writer W. Porter took the pseudonym O. Henry in honor of the physicist J. Henry, whose name was constantly uttered with admiration by the school teacher: “Oh! Henry! It was he who discovered that the discharge of a capacitor through a coil is oscillatory in nature!’” He wrote his first story under this pseudonym, “Dick the Whistler’s Christmas Gift,” published in 1899 in McClure’s Magazine, in prison.
13. George Orwell. Real name Eric Arthur Blair
Starting with the story “Pounds of Dashing in Paris and London” (1933), based on autobiographical material, he was published under the pseudonym “George Orwell”.
14. Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov
Ilya Ilf - Ilya Arnoldovich Fainzilberg The pseudonym is formed from part of the first name and the first letter of the surname: ILYA Fainzilberg. Evgeny Petrov - Evgeny Petrovich Kataev The younger brother of the writer Valentin Kataev did not want to take advantage of his literary fame, and therefore came up with a pseudonym derived from his father's name.
15. Alexander Green real name is Grinevsky
The writer's pseudonym became the childhood nickname Green - this is how the long surname Grinevsky was shortened at school.
16. Fannie Flagg Real name Patricia Neal
At the beginning of her acting career, she had to change her name, because despite the sonority, it was the same name of the Oscar winner.
17. Lazar Lagin Real name Ginzburg
The pseudonym Lagin is an abbreviation for Lazar Ginzburg, the writer’s first and last name.
18. Boris Polevoy Real name Kampov
The pseudonym Polevoy came about as a result of one of the editors’ proposal to “translate the surname Kampov from Latin” (campus - field) into Russian. One of the few pseudonyms invented not by the bearer, but by other persons.
19. Daniil Kharms Real name Yuvachev
Around 1921-1922, Daniil Yuvachev chose the pseudonym “Kharms”. Researchers have put forward several versions of its origin, finding sources in English, German, French, Hebrew, and Sanskrit. It should be noted that in the writer’s manuscripts there are about forty pseudonyms (Kharms, Haarms, Dandan, Charms, Karl Ivanovich Shusterling and others). When submitting an application to join the All-Russian Union of Poets on October 9, 1925, Kharms answered the questions of the questionnaire as follows:
1. Last name, first name, patronymic: "Daniil Ivanovich Yuvachev-Kharms"
2. Literary pseudonym: “No, I’m writing Kharms”
20. Maxim Gorky real name - Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov
The pseudonym M. Gorky first appeared on September 12, 1892 in the Tiflis newspaper “Caucasus” in the caption to the story “Makar Chudra”. Subsequently, the author said: “I shouldn’t write in literature - Peshkov...”
21. Lewis Carroll real name Charles Lutwidge Dodgson
This pseudonym was invented on the advice of publisher and writer Yates. It is formed from the author's real names "Charles Lutwidge", which are equivalents of the names "Charles" (Latin: Carolus) and "Louis" (Latin: Ludovicus). Dodgson chose other English equivalents of the same names and swapped them around.
22. Veniamin Kaverin real name is Zilber
The pseudonym “Kaverin” was taken by him in honor of the hussar P. P. Kaverin, a friend of the young Pushkin, whom he introduced under his own name in the first chapter of “Eugene Onegin”
23. Voltaire's real name is Francois-Marie Arouet
Voltaire - anagram of "Arouet le j(eune)" - "Arouet the younger" (Latin spelling - AROVETLI
24. Kozma Prutkov
The literary mask under which the poets Aleksey Tolstoy (the largest contribution in quantitative terms), the brothers Aleksey, Vladimir and Alexander Zhemchuzhnikov (in fact, the collective pseudonym of all four)
25. Stendhal's real name is Marie-Henri Beyle
As a pseudonym he took the name of Winckelmann’s hometown, whose laurels he claimed. Why Frederick is often added to the pseudonym Stendhal is a mystery.
26. Alberto Moravia
His real surname was Pinkerle, and the pseudonym Moravia, taken later, was the surname of his Jewish paternal grandmother.
27. Alexandra Marinina real name - Marina Anatolyevna Alekseeva
In 1991, Marina Alekseeva, together with her colleague Alexander Gorkin, wrote the detective story “The Six-Winged Seraphim,” which was published in the magazine “Police” in the fall of 1992. The story was signed with the pseudonym “Alexandra Marinina,” made up of the authors’ names.
28. Andrey Platonov - real name Andrey Platonovich Klimentov
In the 1920s, he changed his last name from Klimentov to Platonov (the pseudonym was formed on behalf of the writer’s father).
29. Eduard Limonov real name is Savenko
The pseudonym “Limonov” was invented by cartoonist Vagrich Bakhchanyan
30. Joseph Kell - the novel “Inside Mr. Enderby” by Anthony Burgess was published under this pseudonym
Fun fact - the editor of the newspaper where Burgess worked did not know that he was the author of the novel “Inside Mr. Enderby,” so he assigned Burgess to write a review - thus, the author wrote a review of his own book.
31. Toni Morrison Real name: Chloe Ardelia Wofford
While studying at Harvard, she acquired the pseudonym “Tony” - a derivative of her middle name Anthony, which, according to her, was given to her when she converted to Catholicism at the age of 12
32. Vernon Sullivan
Alias Boris Vian, who has used 24 aliases, Vernon Sullivan is the most famous of them.
33. Andre Maurois Real name - Emil Erzog
Subsequently, the pseudonym became his official name.
34. Mary Westmacott (Westmacott)- the pseudonym of the English writer, master of detective stories, Agatha Christie, under which she published 6 psychological novels: “The Bread of Giants”, “An Unfinished Portrait”, “Separated in the Spring” (“Lost in the Spring”), “The Rose and the Yew”, “A Daughter is a Daughter” ", "Nosha" ("Burden of Love").
35. Moliere's real name is Jean-Baptiste Poquelin
36. Yuz Aleshkovsky real name Iosif Efimovich Aleshkovsky
37. Sirin V. - pseudonym of Vladimir Nabokov
38. Pamela Travers real name Helen Lyndon Goff
39. Daria Dontsova - real name - Agrippina
40. Knut Hamsun real name Knud Pedersen
41. Anatole France real name - Francois Anatole Thibault
42. Daniel Defoe - real name Foe
43. Ayn Rand née Alisa Zinovievna Rosenbaum
44. Irving Stone's real name is Tennenbaum
Behind the big names of personalities known to us, there may be lesser-known, not always easy to remember and beautiful names and surnames. Some people have to take a pseudonym solely for security reasons, others believe that they can achieve fame only with a short or original pseudonym, and some change their last name or first name just like that, in the hope that this will change their life. Literary pseudonyms are popular among many authors, both domestic and foreign. Moreover, not only writers starting their careers hide behind fictitious names, but also recognized writers, such as JK Rowling and the “great and terrible” Stephen King himself.
Comedians have always tried to sign in such a way as to achieve a comic effect. This was the main purpose of their pseudonyms; the desire to hide his name faded into the background here. Therefore, such pseudonyms can be separated into a special group and given the name paizonyms (from the Greek paizein - joke).
The tradition of funny pseudonyms in Russian literature dates back to the magazines of Catherine's time ("All sorts of things", "Neither this nor that", "Drone", "Mail of Spirits", etc.). A.P. Sumarokov signed them Akinfiy Sumazbrodov, D. I. Fonvizin - Falalei.
At the beginning of the last century, humorous signatures were placed even under serious critical articles. One of Pushkin’s literary opponents, N. I. Nadezhdin, signed his name in the “Bulletin of Europe” Ex-student Nikodim Nedoumko And Critic from Patriarch's Ponds. Pushkin in the "Telescope" two articles directed against F.V. Bulgarin were signed by Theophylact Kosichkin, and he in the "Northern Bee" labored under the name Porfiria Dushegreykina. M. A. Bestuzhev-Ryumin performed in “Northern Mercury” as Evgraf Miksturin.
The comic pseudonyms of those times matched the long, wordy titles of books. G. F. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko in the “Bulletin of Europe” (1828) signed: Averyan the Curious, an out-of-work collegiate assessor, who is involved in litigation and monetary penalties. The poet of the Pushkin galaxy N. M. Yazykov “Journey on the Chukhon couple from Dorpat to Revel” (1822) signed: Negulay Yazvikov, who is at the beck and call of the Dorpat muses, but intends to eventually lead them by the nose.
The nickname was even longer: Maremyan Danilovich Zhukovyatnikov, chairman of the commission on the construction of the Muratovsky house, author of the cramped stable, fire-breathing ex-president of the old vegetable garden, gentleman of three livers and commander of Galimati. This is how V. A. Zhukovsky signed in 1811 a comic “Greek ballad, translated into Russian customs,” entitled “Elena Ivanovna Protasova, or Friendship, impatience and cabbage.” He composed this ballad, which remained unpublished during his lifetime, as a guest at the Muratovo estate near Moscow with his friends the Protasovs. No less long and bizarre was the pseudonym of the author of the “critical notes” to the same ballad: Alexander Pleshchepupovich Chernobrysov, actual Mameluke and Bogdykhan, bandmaster of cowpox, privileged galvanist of dog comedy, publisher of topographical descriptions of wigs and gentle composer of various musical wombs, including the musical howl attached here. Behind this comic signature was Zhukovsky’s friend Pleshcheev.
O. I. Senkovsky “Private letter to the most respected public about a secret magazine called “Veselchak”” (1858), signed: Ivan Ivanov, son of Khokhotenko-Khlopotunov-Pustyakovsky, retired second lieutenant, landowner of various provinces and holder of integrity.
“The History of Erofey Erofeyich, the inventor of “Erofeich,” the allegorical bitter vodka” (1863) was published on behalf of Russian author, nicknamed Old Indian Rooster.
N. A. Nekrasov often signed with comic pseudonyms: Feklist Bob, Ivan Wartkin, Naum Perepelsky, Churmen(probably from “mind me!”).
Such pseudonyms were constantly used by employees of Iskra, Gudok, and Whistle - press organs that played a significant role in the struggle of revolutionary democrats against autocracy, serfdom and reactionary literature in the 60s and 70s of the last century. They often added one or another imaginary title or rank to a fictitious surname, indicated an imaginary profession, striving to create literary masks endowed with the attributes of real personalities.
These are the pseudonyms: N. A. Nekrasova - Literary exchange broker Nazar Vymochkin, D. D. Minaeva - Fyodor Konyukh, Cook Nikolai Kadov, Lieutenant Khariton Yakobintsev, Junker A, Restaurants, N. S. Kurochkina - Poet of the perimeter(the police station was then called the police station), Member of the Madrid Scientific Society Tranbrel, other comedians - Clerk from the knife line Poluarshinov, Ober-exchange counterfeiter Kradilo, Landowner Taras Kutsyi, Telegraphist Azbukin, Fireman Kum, Vodka-alcohol breeder U.R.A. etc.
I. S. Turgenev signed the feuilleton “The Six-Year-Revealer”: Retired teacher of Russian literature Platon Nedobobov, and the poems allegedly composed by the author’s six-year-old son - Jeremiah Nedobobov. They ridiculed the shadow sides of Russian reality:
Oh, why did the sorrow of bribes enter my soul from the diapers of infancy! 1
1 ("Iskra", 1859, No. 50)
The young accuser exclaimed.
To make readers laugh, old names, long out of use, were chosen for pseudonyms in combination with an intricate surname: Varakhasiy Neklyuchimy, Khusdazad Tserebrinov, Ivakhviy Kistochkin, Vasilisk Kaskadov, Avvakum Khudopodoshvensky etc. Young M. Gorky in the Samara and Saratov newspapers of the late 90s signed himself Yehudiel Chlamida.
Gorky's signatures in those works that were not intended for publication are full of wit. Under one of his letters to his 15-year-old son is: Your Father Polikarp Unesibozhenozhkin. On the pages of his home handwritten magazine "Sorrento Truth" (1924), on the cover of which Gorky was depicted as a giant plugging the crater of Vesuvius with his finger, he signed Metranpage Goryachkin, Disabled Muses, Osip Tikhovoyev, Aristide Balyk.
Sometimes a comic effect was achieved through a deliberate contrast between the first and last names. Pushkin used this technique, though not to create a pseudonym (“And you, dear singer, Vanyusha Lafontaine...”), and comedians willingly followed his example, combining foreign names with purely Russian surnames: Zhan Khlestakov, Wilhelm Tetkin, Basil Lyalechkin, and vice versa: Nikifor Shelming, etc. Leonid Andreev signed the satire “The Adventures of the Angel of Peace” (1917): Horace C. Rutabaga.
Often the surname of a famous writer was used as a comic pseudonym. In Russian humorous magazines there are also Pushkin squared, and Saratov's Boccaccio, and Rabelais' Samara, and Beranger from Zaryadye, and Schiller from Taganrog, and Ovid with Tom, and Dante with Plyushchikha, and Berne from Berdichev. The name Heine was especially popular: there is Heine from Kharkov, from Arkhangelsk, from Irbit, from Lyuban and even Heine from the stables.
Sometimes the name or surname of a well-known person was changed to produce a comic effect: Darri Baldi, Heinrich Genii, Gribsilov, Pushechkin, Gogol-Mogol, Pierre de Boborysak(hint to Boborykin). V. A. Gilyarovsky signed in "Entertainment" and "News of the Day" Emelya Zola.
D. D. Minaev, under the “dramatic fantasy” dedicated to the reprisal of a certain Nikita Bezrylov with his wife Literature and written in the spirit of Shakespeare, staged Tryphon Shakespeare(under Nikita Bezrylov meant A.F. Pisemsky, who used this pseudonym). K. K. Golokhvastov signed the satire “The Journey to the Moon of the Merchant Truboletov” (1890), allegedly translated, as it appears on the cover, “from French into Nizhny Novgorod” Jules the Unfaithful, parodying the first and last name of Jules Verne, who has a novel on the same topic.
Sometimes the names of characters in literary works were used as comic pseudonyms. This was done in order to evoke relevant reminiscences in readers, which sometimes had nothing to do with the topic. The main thing is to be funny!
These are the signatures: I. Bashkova - Executor Scrambled Eggs, Midshipman Zhevakin(from Gogol's "Marriage"), D. Minaeva Court Counselor Esbuketov(surname adopted by the serf poet Vidoplyasov from Dostoevsky’s story “The Village of Stepanchikovo”).
In order to enhance the comic effect, a foreign literary hero was given a Russian “registration”: Don Quixote St. Petersburg(D. Minaets), Mephistopheles from Khamovniki(A.V. Amphiteatrov), Figaro from Sushchev, Faust of Shchigrovsky district and so on.
Type signatures Marquis Pose, Childe Harold, Don Juan, Gulliver, Quasimodo, Lohengrin, Falstaff, Captain Nemo etc., and also Blacksmith Vakula, Taras Bulba, Khoma the philosopher, Repetilov, Poprishchin, Lyapkin-Tyapkin, Crucian idealist etc. were ready-made literary masks for humorists. Regarding the signature Skalozub, then it was connected not so much with the surname of Griboyedov’s character, but with the expression “to show your teeth,” that is, to laugh.
Chekhov signed Ulysses in "Fragments"; under the story "In the Cemetery" during its second publication he put Laertes. Chekhov signed a comic letter to the editor of Oskolkov Colonel Kochkarev(a hybrid of Colonel Koshkarev from “Dead Souls” and Kochkarev from “Marriage”). In this letter, he addressed the mediocre but prolific playwright D. A. Mansfeld: “Being, like my daughter Zinaida, a lover of the performing arts, I have the honor to ask the respected Mr. Mansfeld to compose four comedies, three dramas and two tragedies for home use more hamletist, for which item I will send three rubles after they are made" 1 .
1 ("Fragments", 1886, No. 3)
The vindictive Mansfeld did not forgive the insult: after Chekhov’s death, he spread a rumor that at the very beginning of his literary activity he had brought him, Mansfeld, who was then publishing a magazine, a thick novel, which he allegedly refused to publish.
Chekhov had many comic pseudonyms. Collaborating in "Dragonfly" and other magazines of the end of the last century, he signed: A doctor without patients (a hint at his medical diploma), Nut No. 6, Akaki Tarantulov, Kislyaev, Baldastov, Champagne, Man without a spleen etc. He liked to put humorous signatures on letters. Under the messages to brother Alexander there is this your Schiller Shakespeareovich Goethe, then your dad A. Chekhov, then A. Dostoinov-Noblerodnov. The signatures under some letters reflect certain facts from Chekhov's biography. So, your Tsyntsynnatus- an allusion to farming in Melikhovo (Cincinnatus is a Roman senator who retired to the village). During the days of his trip to Sakhalin, Chekhov writes under his letters to his sister: your Asian brother, Homo sachaliensis. Under one letter to A. Suvorin there is: Indispensable Member for Dramatic Presence Affairs. One letter to his wife is signed Academician Toto(a hint of election to the Russian Academy), another - your husband A. Actress son(a hint that his wife did not leave the stage after marriage).
For some; Comedians had a very large number of funny pseudonyms under which they collaborated in various magazines and newspapers, without having a permanent literary name. With insufficiently bright talent, the variety of signatures was disastrous for humorists. I. Bashkov, N. Ezhov, A. A. and V. A. Sokolovs, S. Gusev, A. Gerson each had 50 - 100 comic pseudonyms, but all of them are firmly and deservedly forgotten, just like those who wore them. K. A. Mikhailov, an employee of almost all humor magazines published at the turn of the last and present centuries, outdid everyone in this area; he had as many as 325 pseudonyms, but not one of them remained in the memory of readers.
Sometimes the nature of the comic pseudonym changed along with the political beliefs of the author. This is what happened to the Iskraist V.P. Burenin, who defected to the reactionary camp and attacked his former comrades-in-arms with such malice that he earned the epigram:
A dog is running along Nevsky, followed by Burenin, quiet and sweet. Policeman! Be careful, however, that he doesn't bite her.
In Iskra and The Spectator, Burenin signed: Vladimir Monumentov; Mich. Zmiev-Mladentsev; General of Adversaries 2nd; Dangerous rival of Mr. Turgenev and even Lieutenant Alexis Republicans. Having moved to Suvorin’s “New Time”, he began to prefer pseudonyms with titles (aristonyms): Count Alexis Jasminov; Viscount Kebriol of Dantrachet.
By means of an aristonym, S. I. Ponomarev wittily encrypted his profession, signing Count Biblio(instead of Bibliographer). And another aristonym - d "Actil - of the poet A. Frenkel is formed from the name of one of the poetic meters - dactyl.
Aristonyms are found very often on the pages of humorous magazines: all sorts of titled persons frolicked here, fortunately, anyone who wanted could turn into a noble person here. But these were aristocrats with surnames, one funnier than the other: Prince Ablai the Crazy(D. D. Minaev), Count Entre-Côte, Count de Pavement, Count Lapotochkin, Count de Pencil, Baron Klyaks, Baron Rikiki, Baron Dzin, Baron Meow-Meow, Baron von Tarakashkin, Marquis de Pineapple, de Nevry, de Trubkokur, de Reseda, d'O "Vris d"O"Nezya, Marquise Fru-Fru, Marquise K avar d"Ak, mandarin Lai-on-the-moon, mandarin Spit-on-everything, Khan Tryn-grass, Amur Pasha, Kefir Pasha, Don Flacon etc.
The invention of a pseudonym designed for a comic effect required wit and provided a wide field for the imagination of humorists. No matter how sophisticated they were, coming up with funnier captions! Doctor Oy, Emil Pup, Erasmus Sarkasmov, Not Me at All, I Drink Tea Myself, Chertopuzov, Abracadabra, Begemotkin, Pelmenelyubov, Razlyulimalinsky, Incognitenko, Nonsense, The Morist, Vsekhdavish, Khrenredkineslashev, Vdolguneostayushchensky, Charles Atan etc.
"Songs of Wine and Monopoly" (1906) came out on behalf of Ivan Vsegedyushchensky- a signature that fully corresponded to the contents of the book (the sale of vodka in state-owned wine shops was then called a monopoly).
Funny captions were also created using the epithet “old”: old sparrow(i.e. one that you can’t fool with chaff), Old Sinner, Old Bachelor, Old Romantic, Old Raven, Old Hermit, Old Summer Resident and so on.
Sometimes the same comic pseudonym was used by several writers who lived in different, and sometimes at the same time.
Soviet humor magazines of the 20s were full of such signatures, sometimes in tune with the era and the new composition of readers: Savely Oktyabrev, Luka Nazhdachny, Ivan Borona, Vanya Gaikin, Vanya Garmoshkin, Naporylov, Ivan Ditya, Pamphil Golovotyapkin, Glupyshkin(a comic type in cinema), Evlampy Nadkin, etc. It was even published as a supplement to “The Laugher” (1926 - 1927) “Nadkin’s Newspaper”, the editor-publisher of which was listed as “the popular adventurer Evlampy Karpovich Nadkin.”
Signed Antipka Bobyl A. G. Malyshkin was hiding in Penza newspapers, behind the signatures Mitrofan Mustard And Comrade Rasp in "Gudka" - Valentin Kataev. M. M. Zoshchenko signed Gavrila, and under the names Honored Worker M. Konoplyanikov-Zuev and Privat-Associate Professor M. Prischemikhin acted as the author of funny scientific projects like the “goose bus”, “trailer crematorium”, etc.
Among the pseudonyms of young Marshak was Weller(the surname of Mr. Pickwick's cheerful servant), and Valentin Kataev signed Oliver Twist(another Dickens character).
A. M. Goldsnberg ( Argo) parodies in the magazine "At the Literary Post" (1927 - 1930) were signed by May Day Plenumov, and in "Evening Moscow" - by Sempyadei Volbukhin and Elizavet Vorobei. The poet V.V. Knyazev came up with the pseudonym Tovavaknya for himself, which meant “comrade Vasily Vasilyevich Knyazev.”
Later this tradition almost disappeared. However, in recent years, in connection with humor competitions held by the press, the number of funny pseudonyms has again begun to grow, since these competitions are often closed and under humoresques are not the names of the authors, but their mottos, which are essentially pseudonyms, usually humorous.