Lesson in 7th grade
I. S. Turgenev “Khor and Kalinich”
Target:
1. Familiarize students with the writer’s biography and the main milestones of his work.
2. Tell about interesting facts from the writer’s life.
3. Give a general description of the work “Khor and Kalinich”
Lesson progress
Organizational moment.
Checking homework. Conversation on an article read at home about Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.
Look at the portrait of Ivan Sergeevich and try to describe his character, manners, try to imagine what he was like in his youth and what his lifestyle was like.
Did you know such facts from the life of the writer?
- Ivan Turgenev with a hole in his head
Turgenev could rightly be called “the biggest head of Russian literature.” In any case, as anatomists have established, his brain - 2000 grams - exceeds the weight of the brains of other famous people. Perhaps this is why, as Botkin put it, “the creator simply did not have enough material for such a large head”: the bone on the writer’s crown was so thin that, according to Turgenev, the brain could be felt through it. Because of this feature, when struck on the head with his hand, Turgenev lost consciousness or fell into a semi-fainting state. When he was later accused of being weak-bodied, he said: “And what kind of willpower can you expect from me, when until now even my skull could not grow together. It wouldn’t hurt me to bequeath it to the academy museum... What can you expect when there’s a failure right at the top of your head!”
Turgenev's frivolous youth
In his youth, Turgenev was a very frivolous person, to say the least. He could, for example, invite a bunch of guests to dinner and then “accidentally” forget about it. The next day, the guests, of course, expressed their extreme dissatisfaction with the careless owner. Turgenev began to wring his hands and desperately apologize, citing various reasons. Then he immediately invited him to dinner, promising to atone for his guilt with an unheard-of feast. The guests softened, but when, on the appointed day and hour, they again came to Turgenev, the owner... was not at home again! Then everything was repeated: warm apologies and new invitations to dinner... For these and other “pranks” Belinsky called Turgenev nothing more than a “boy”.
Ivan Sergeevich loved to show off. He liked to show off in a blue tailcoat with gold buttons depicting lion heads, light checkered trousers, a white vest and a colored tie. Alexander Herzen, after his first meeting with Turgenev, called him Khlestakov.
In Germany, where he came to complete his education, Turgenev completely lost control: participating in almost all student feasts and dubious adventures, he began to squander his parents’ money left and right, while forgetting to write letters to his mother. The mother sent money and food to the prodigal son, but the son squandered everything and did not even thank him. Finally, the money transfers stopped. This forced him to calm down for a while. One day Turgenev received an unpaid package of extraordinary weight from Russia. He paid his last pennies for sending it, printed it out... and gasped: mother filled the parcel with bricks!
Great oddities of Turgenev
“Turgenev is a woman’s soul in the rough guise of a cyclops,” is how the French writer Daudet described Ivan Sergeevich. Pisemsky called him “a gentle giant, with the eyes of a dying gazelle.” Despite his great height and wrestling physique, Turgenev was a surprisingly gentle, non-conflict person.
Turgenev had a thin, almost feminine voice. This discrepancy between the high tenor and his heroic chest was immediately noticeable. Being completely devoid of musical ear, he nevertheless loved to sing. And although he could not hit a single right note, the listeners were delighted with this comic spectacle. “What should I do? After all, I myself know that I don’t have a voice, but just a pig!” - Turgenev lamented.
Like any outstanding person, Ivan Sergeevich had his own oddities. Take, for example, his way of laughing. According to Fet, he laughed in the most contagious way: “He fell to the floor and, standing on all fours, continued to laugh and shake his whole body.” When the blues attacked him, he put a tall cap on his head and... put himself in a corner. And he stood there until the melancholy passed.
It should also be noted his extreme cleanliness and almost manic love for order. Twice a day he changed his linen and wiped himself with a sponge and cologne, sat down to write, tidied up the room and the papers on the table, and even got up at night, remembering that the scissors were not in the place they should be. His mood would deteriorate if the window curtains were not drawn carefully. I couldn’t write if at least one thing on the desk was out of place.
In the mornings, Turgenev took a long time to attend to his toilet and combed his hair especially carefully. “Look,” he said to Polonsky, “I start on the right with this ridge... fifty times, then to the left... fifty times; then with another, more frequent comb - a hundred times. And then - with a brush. You're surprised, aren't you? But, you see, combing my hair well and being immaculately smoothed has always been my passion since childhood.”
This is our Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.
But, despite this lifestyle and his quirks, he is a talented person. He wrote a huge number of prose poems, novellas and short stories, which are now studied at school. , , , . , ( , ( ), ( ), ( ), , ( ).
In this list we see stories next to which there is a note in brackets “A Hunter's Note”. What do you think this is?
- “Notes of a Hunter” is a cycle of stories by I. S. Turgenev, initially consisting of 22 essays. A passionate lover of nature, Turgenev made extensive use of descriptions of nature in his work, which constitute the best pages in the history of the Russian literary landscape. Turgenev treated nature as an elemental force living an independent life. Turgenev's landscapes are strikingly concrete and at the same time covered in the experiences of the narrator and the characters; they are dynamic and closely related to the action. To deceive suspicious censors, Turgenev used ambiguous expressions, subtly used allusions, and sometimes even compositional rearrangements of events. A remarkable example of such a “deceptive” manner is the short story “Yermolai and the Miller’s Wife,” in which the story of the unfortunate Arina is deliberately “hidden” in the middle of a seemingly ordinary essay on a hunting theme. The “Aesopian style” of writing helped “Notes of a Hunter” pass the censorship. The greater was her rage after the publication of “Notes” in the world. The author of “Notes of a Hunter” found a new typological principle, created characters who later formed, as it were, the internal psychological core of the heroes of his famous ideological novels. These are the types of rationalist, skeptical thinker close to nature
Turgenev's artistic innovation manifested itself most forcefully in the images of peasants. Never before have they been displayed in such abundance on the pages of realistic works. Turgenev brings his “men” closer to the readers, he makes them the main characters of the entire cycle. Peasants and serfs in “Notes of a Hunter” are tortured for unheated wine, they are exiled to distant villages, evicted from fertile lands, doomed to all the horrors of the twenty-five-year Nikolaev soldiery.
But, although Turgenev talks a lot about the various forms of oppression of peasants, this is not the main subject of his attention as an artist. Unlike Gogol, who captured in “Dead Souls” the pernicious influence of serfdom on the peasants (the stupidity of Petrushka, the slavish obedience of Selifan), Turgenev with all his might affirms in “Notes of a Hunter” the theme of the spiritual greatness of the Russian peasantry. He showed the peasants as gifted, sometimes deeply talented, Russian people. He sympathetically highlighted Khor's intelligence, curiosity, hard work, and practical acumen, and along with this, Kalinich's romantic purity and dreaminess, Yakov's artistic artistry, and Kasyan's tireless love of truth.
Turgenev depicted peasant girls with special sympathy - the selfless love of Matryona, the gullibility and poetry of Akulina, the fortitude of the buried Lukerya. In the story “Bezhin Meadow”, Turgenev was one of the first Russian writers to realistically depict peasant children. With the entire totality of his peasant images, Turgenev argued that in in his country there are not only “dead souls” of landowner-serf Russia, but also “living souls” of the ordinary Russian people.
“Notes of a Hunter” is dominated by three themes: the life of peasants, the life of landowners and the spiritual world of the educated class. The main pathos of this cycle is the image of the people's forces suppressed by serfdom, the boundless talent, moral and spiritual beauty of the people.
Belinsky wrote that the author here “came to the people from a side from which no one had approached them before,” that is, from the moral and ethical side.
This, first of all, consisted of Turgenev’s powerful protest against serfdom.
For Turgenev, nature is the main element; it subjugates man and shapes his inner world. The Russian forest, in which “stately aspens babble,” “a mighty oak tree stands like a fighter next to a beautiful linden tree,” and the vast steppe - these are the main elements that define the national traits of the Russian person in “Notes of a Hunter.”
Listen to the history of the creation of this work.
- The story “Khor and Kalinich” in the series “Notes of a Hunter” reveals the inner strengths of the Russian person, the prospects for his further growth and development, reveals their giftedness, talent, and their high spiritual qualities. Turgenev leads the reader to the idea that all “living Russia, not only peasant, but also noble” should take part in the fight against the national enemy (serfdom).
At home you read the story “Khor and Kalinich”, let’s talk about this work.
Questions about the content of the story “Khor and Kalinich”:
From whom is the story told?
What was the landowner's name?
Who did the heroes of the work stop at on their way to Mr. Polutykin?
Who is Kalinich?
What is the difference between Khor and Kalinich?
Find words in the text that describe Khorya.
Find the lines in the text that talk about Kalinich
What Khor and the author talk about in the morning.
Why doesn’t Khor want to buy his freedom?
How did Khor treat the woman?
What do you think explains his attitude towards the Russian woman?
How does Khor speak about the Russian woman during a conversation with his son Fyodor?
4. Lesson summary:
Write an annotation for the work “Khor and Kalinich”
Subject. I.S. Turgenev. "Notes of a Hunter." "Khor and Kalinich."
Objectives: to check the understanding of a story read independently; determine the writer’s attitude towards the simple Russian peasant, give a comparative description of the main characters; determine the place of “Notes of a Hunter” in the works of I.S. Turgenev and Russian literature; develop analytical reading skills.
Equipment: interactive whiteboard; presentation; texts, writing on the board.
Lesson progress
Organizational part
Entering the topic.
Teacher's word
(1 slide)
We have been meeting with the work of the great Russian writer of the 19th century I.S. Turgenev for several years now. Let's remember which of his works we are already familiar with? (on the slides are illustrations for the stories “Mumu” and “Bezhin Meadow” - the children name these works).
(slide 2,3)
The individual task for today's lesson was to prepare a presentation on the life and work of I.S. Turgenev. Let's give the floor to your friend.
(The student talks about the biography of I.S. Turgenev during the presentation)
PRESENTATION No. 2 of individual work.
Student’s speech based on the prepared presentation “Biography of I.S. Turgenev”
Main part
Teacher's word
Indeed, despite the fact that Turgenev was a landowner, he was critical of serfdom. Suffice it to recall the story “Mumu”, where the example of the janitor Gerasim shows all the lawlessness of serfdom. Today we will get acquainted with another work, which is part of the series of stories “Notes of a Hunter” and is called “Khor and Kalinich”.
(slide No. 4)
The history of the series “Notes of a Hunter.” The early work of I. S. Turgenev includes poems, poems, several stories and plays. At the end of the 40s of the 19th century, Turgenev was already a fairly famous writer. But real success came with the publication of the stories “Notes of a Hunter.”
The great Russian critic V.G. Belinsky explained the increased reader’s attention to the work, saying: “it is not surprising that the little play “Khor and Kalinich” was such a success: in it the author approached the people from a side from which no one had approached him before came in." All the stories in the “Notes of a Hunter” series tell about serfs, who in their moral qualities are portrayed as superior to their heartless masters.
Why do you think the cycle of stories was called “Notes of a Hunter” by Turgenev? (Turgenev was an avid hunter; hunters always have a lot of interesting stories in store, for censorship reasons)
(slide No. 5)
So, the first essay to appear was “Khor and Kalinich” (1747), which made a huge impression on readers.
Remind me what the term “essay” means? (A short literary work that gives a brief, expressive description of something).
At the center of the essay “Khor and Kalinich” are two peasant characters. Turgenev created the image of Khor under the impression of meeting a real peasant, “from life”, and even sent him his sketch, which he was very flattered by. The prototype of Polutykin was the landowner N.A. Golofeev, who recognized himself and was very offended by the writer.
Why was he offended?
(slide number 6)
The story “Khor and Kalinich” begins with the author’s lengthy discussion about how the peasant of the Oryol province differs from the peasant of the Kaluga province. It seems that already at the very beginning of the story the writer wants to penetrate the secret of the Russian folk character.
(the teacher reads an excerpt from the words “Who happened to the words and scares the dog)
Turgenev specifically compares two psychological types: the sensible, practical Khor and the dreamy, poetic Kalinich. These are, as it were, two sides of the same coin, two components of a single Russian character.
Khor and Kalinich are two sides of a single national Russian character, in which a sober attitude to life coexists - and daydreaming, businesslikeness, enterprise and disdain for material well-being. Kalinich is closer to nature, Khor is closer to people, to society. The entire story is built on an antithesis - a depiction of two opposite, but complementary Russian characters.
Comparative characteristics of Khor and Kalinich. Working with text.
(slide No. 7)
Now let's turn to the main characters of the story.
Give a detailed comparative description of Khor and Kalinich. Support your opinion with text.
A) Ferret
Student presentation: The ferret is one of the main characters of the story. He is a positive, practical person, an administrative head, a rationalist. Having settled in the swamp, Khor managed to get rich. He settled down, “accumulated some money,” got along with the master and other authorities, raised a large family, obedient and unanimous. Khor spoke little, chuckled to himself, he saw right through his master. Khor stood closer to people, to society, he was occupied with administrative and state issues. His knowledge was quite extensive, in its own way, but he could not read. Khor could not live without work, he was constantly doing something: either repairing a cart, propping up a fence, or revising harnesses. He lived in an estate that rose in the middle of the forest, in a cleared and developed clearing.
This is how Turgenev gives us a description of Khor: On the threshold of the hut, I was met by an old man, bald, short, broad-shouldered and stocky Khor himself. I looked at this Khor with curiosity. The shape of his face was reminiscent of Socrates: the same high, knobby forehead, the same small eyes, the same snub nose.
B) Kalinich
Student speech: Kalinich is also the main character of the story, but he is not at all like his friend Khor. Kalinich was one of the idealists, romantics, enthusiastic and dreamy people. He walked in bast shoes and managed to get by somehow. He once had a wife, whom he was afraid of, but had no children: Kalinich, unlike Khor, was in awe of his master, explained himself passionately, “although he did not sing like a nightingale, like a lively factory man.” Kalinich was gifted with such advantages that Khor himself recognized: “he charmed blood, fear, rabies, driving out worms; the bees were given to him, his hand was light.” Kalinich stood closer to nature, he was more touched by the descriptions of mountains and waterfalls than by administrative and government issues. He lived in a low hut and could not support the farm. He could read, sang well and played the balalaika. Only Khor and Kalinich liked music; it united them. Khor really loved the song “Share, you are mine, share!” and Kalinich knew this well. As soon as he starts playing, Khor begins to chime in with a plaintive voice. Here the theme of the musical talent of the Russian people manifests itself for the first time.
This is how Turgenev describes Kalinich: It was Kalinich. I liked his good-natured dark face, marked here and there with rowan berries, at first sight. Kalinich (as I learned later) every day went hunting with the master, carried his bag, sometimes his gun, noticed where the bird landed, got water, picked strawberries, built huts, ran behind the droshky; Without him, Mr. Polutykin could not take a step. Kalinich was a man of the most cheerful, meek disposition, constantly sang in a low voice, looked carefree in all directions, spoke slightly through his nose, smiling, narrowed his light blue eyes and often took his thin, wedge-shaped beard with his hand. He walked slowly, but with long steps, lightly supporting himself with a long and thin stick.
In what form of dependence on their master were Khor and Kalinich. After all, they were both serfs. Khor paid his rent to the owner, and Kalinich worked his corvée. Let's remember how these forms of duties differ.
Obro
·k - one of the duties of dependent peasants, which consists of paying the landowner in food or money. Corvée is the free forced labor of a serf peasant working with his own equipment in a lordly (landowner) household.
How was the quitrent beneficial for Khor? But as they say, it is high to God, far from the Tsar-Father.
(Slides No. 8,9)
Relationships of the main characters. Friendship of peasants.
A) the teacher's word.
We understand that the work is built on opposition. Before us are two different peasants, in character, appearance, attitude towards their owner. What was their mutual respect based on? Where we can see the relationship between Khor and Kalinich.
B) Reading the passage
(from the words “Both friends were not at all alike to each other to the words He saw a lot, knew a lot.)
Turgenev specifically shows these heroes, expressing in them the best qualities of the Russian peasant. They seem to complement each other, making up one whole. Let's find in the text confirmation of the author's love for his heroes.
“I enjoyed listening to them and watching them.”
“While talking with Khorem, for the first time I heard the simple, intelligent speech of a Russian peasant”
“I was sorry to part with the old man”
“I was interested in my new acquaintances”
“The Russian man is so confident in his strength and strength that he is not averse to breaking himself: he pays little attention to his past and boldly looks forward.”
Game "Who is it?"
All of you guys have become familiar with the text of the story, all that remains is to find out how correctly you understood the images of the main characters.
(Slides No. 10,11)
13 EMBED PowerPoint.Slide.12 1415
Creative written work
(slide No. 12)
After such active work with the text, we need to summarize. It will result in a short written work: “Which of the characters in the story did I like? Why?"
IV. The final part of the lesson.
Lesson summary
What is I.S. Turgenev’s innovation? How does I.S. Turgenev show the common people? What place do these stories occupy in 19th century literature?
Homework
(Slide No. 13)
Finish the essay-miniature.
Read the story by I.S. Turgenev “Biryuk”.
7th grade
G.S. Merkin program
Lesson No. 26.
Subject. "Khor and Kalinich." Natural intelligence, hard work, ingenuity of the heroes. Complex social relations in the village as depicted by I.S. Turgenev.
Target :
identify different but complementary sides of the nature of Russian people - social and natural;
develop skills in expressive reading, working with illustrations, lexical work;
to form moral and aesthetic ideas of students in the process of identifying the lexical meaning of the word “servility.”
Equipment: Literature textbooks for 7th grade, workbooks, multimedia presentation.
PROGRESS OF THE LESSON.
I. Org moment.
II. Learning new material.
1.Communication of the topic, purpose, lesson plan.
2. Analysis of the content of the story “Khor and Kalinich”.
2.1. Conversation on primary perception.
Did you like the story? Why is it named like that?
Which character do you like the most? Why?
2.2. Teacher's word.
“Notes of a Hunter” depicts provincial Russia. The topic itself seems to exclude critical approaches to state Russia, not presenting any danger to the “higher spheres.” Perhaps this circumstance partly lulled the censorship. But Turgenev widens the curtain of the provincial stage, showing what is going on there, behind the scenes. The reader feels the deadening pressure of those spheres of life that hang over the Russian province, which dictate their laws to it.
2.3. Expressive reading by students of the episode from the beginning to the words “...the busy partridge with its impetuous take-off amuses and frightens the shooter and the dog.”
2.4. Message from the “historian” about the Volkhov and Zhizdrinsky districts (based on materials from the story).
Volkhov district in the Oryol province (non-black earth region), Zhizdrensky - in Kaluga province (non-black earth region).
2.5. Teacher's word.
I.S. Turgenev gives an accurate description of the lifestyle and spiritual appearance of the peasants of various provinces of Russia. By the beginning of the 19th century. There were two forms of serfdom: corvee and quitrent.
Corvee - free forced labor of a dependent peasant working with personal equipment on the farm of the land owner. Corvee work could include field work, carriage duties, construction and handicraft work, and wood cutting.
Obrok - one of the duties of dependent peasants, which consists of paying tribute to the landowner in food or money.
The difference in socio-economic conditions was reflected in its own way in the characters of the black earth peasants, where corvée existed, and the non-black earth provinces, where quitrents were common.
“And on the plowed ground he flogged his own woman.” The boundaries of landowners' estates, not established by strict legislative acts, were a constant cause for civil strife among the nobility, from which the serfs who were deprived of their land suffered primarily. Rich landowners, using their position, shamelessly cut land from small neighbors.
Over the centuries, an unnatural order of things has developed, entered into the flesh and blood of the national character, and left its harsh stamp even on the nature of Russia. Throughout the book, Turgenev drew a stable, repeating motif of a mutilated landscape. It first appears in “Khora and Kalinich”, where it is briefly reported about the Oryol village.
What detail in the episode indicates this?
How is the landowner Polutykin portrayed in the story? What meaning does the author’s assessment of “an excellent person” take on?
2.6. Expressive reading by students from the words “As a hunter visiting Zhizdrinsky district...” to the words “... Mr. Polutykin was, as already said, an excellent person” and from the words “And this is my office...” to the words “ ...I sold four acres of forest to the merchant Alliluyev for a favorable price.”
2.7. Message from a “literary scholar”.
“He praised the works of Akim Nakhimov and the story of Pinnu” is a laconic description of Polutykin’s wretched spiritual needs. A.N. Nakhimov (1783-1815) - satirist poet. “Pinna” is a story by AA. Markova (1810-1876). V.G. Belinsky wrote that with the death of the hero of this story, “there is one less fool in the world - the only gratifying thought that the reader can take away from this nonsense.”
It is not without reason that Polutykin is spoken of in passing: this man is so insignificant, so empty compared to the full-blooded characters of the peasants. “Great man” sounds ironic.
2.8. Message from a "historian".
At the end of the story, the phrase sounds: “Shoot your own black grouse and change the headman more often.” Through the mouth of a serf, Turgenev gives a negative assessment of the cultural and economic capabilities of the Russian nobleman. The peasant treats the landowner with disdain, considering him an empty person, completely unsuited to useful, practical activity.
Turgenev shows a social conflict in the book, dramatically pitting against each other two national images of the world, two Russias - official, serf-like, deadening life, on the one hand, and folk-peasant, living and poetic life, on the other. And all the heroes gravitate towards one of two poles - “dead” or “alive”.
2.9. Expressive reading from the words “We went to see him...” to the words “Look, Vasya... you’re taking a master,” from the words “Here’s why: he’s a smart guy” to the words “Yes, as if it weren’t so! .."
How is Khor depicted in the story?
Khor personifies a healthy practical principle: being a quit-rent peasant, Khor lives independently of his landowner, Polutykin, his farm is well-established, and he has many children. The author especially notes the active mind of his hero as an integral part of his nature.
2.10. Expressive reading by role from the words “The look of his face was reminiscent of Socrates...” to the words “You are a strong man, and you have your own mind.”
What is the meaning of the narrator's comparison of Chorus with Socrates?
Comparison is a high characteristic of the mental abilities of a serf peasant.
2.11. Student's message about Socrates.
Socrates (Socrates) (470/469 BC, Athens, - 399, ibid.), ancient Greek philosopher. Son of a sculptor; preached in the streets and squares, setting as his goal the fight against the sophists and the education of youth. He was executed (he took hemlock poison), as the official accusation stated, for introducing new deities and for corrupting youth in a new spirit. Socrates did not leave behind any writings; The most important sources of information about his life and teaching are the writings of his students - Xenophon and Plato, in most of whose dialogues Socrates appears as the main character.
Socrates was one of the founders of philosophical dialectics, understood as finding truth through conversations, that is, posing certain questions and methodically finding answers to them.
Why doesn’t Khor want to free himself from serfdom?
There is no dependence in Khor's behavior, and he is not redeemed from the serfs for some practical reasons.
2.12. Message from a "historian".
“Khor became a free people... whoever lives without a beard is the greatest Khor.”
We are talking about the dramatic situation of a peasant who decided to free himself from serfdom through ransom. The “free” mule became dependent on the “beardless” bureaucratic brethren, who ruined him with extortion and extortion. Officials, by decree of Nicholas I, did not have the right to wear a beard, for which they received the nickname of the beardless among the people.
2.13. Expressive reading from the words “The polecat was silent, his thick eyebrows frowned...” to the words “His knowledge was extensive, but he did not know how to read.”
What meaning does the phrase take on in the context of the story: “Peter the Great was primarily a Russian man, Russian precisely in his transformations. What’s good is what he likes, what’s reasonable is what you give him, but where it comes from is all the same to him”?
This comparison, as well as the comparison of the appearance of Khor with the appearance of Socrates, gives special significance to the image of Khor.
So, behind the plot, the relationships of the characters, questions arise that are extremely concerning to the author - about man and society, about national character and history, man and the state, and they manifest themselves in the features of the portrayal of characters, and in detailed descriptions of the situation, location, and biography of the characters. .
Which principle predominates in the image of Khor - rational or ideal? Find the answer to the question in the text.
“Khor was a positive, practical man, an administrative head, a rationalist.” The character of the hero is based on a rational principle.
The most important means of characterizing the hero is a parallel with another character, Kalinich. They are clearly opposed as rationalist and idealist. However, in his relationship with Kalinich, the hero shows himself from a different side.
2.14. Appeal to the illustration in the textbook “Khor and Kalinich”. Artist P.P. Sokolov.
Which episode of the story is depicted in P.P.’s illustration? Sokolov? What character traits do Khor show in his relationship with Kalinich?
2.15. An expressive reading of the episode from the words “Kalinich sang quite pleasantly...” to the words “complain about his fate.”
Friendship with Kalinich reveals in the image of Khor such features as an understanding of music and nature.
What is Kalinich like in the story by I.S. Turgenev? How does the landowner Polutykin speak about him?
2.16. Expressive reading from the words “The next day we immediately after tea...” to the words “... meek and clear as the evening sky.”
The everyday life of the hero, who does not have business acumen, is poorly organized: he has no family, he has to spend all his time with his landowner Polutykin, go hunting with him, etc. At the same time, there is no servility in Kalinich’s behavior; he loves and respects Polutykin, completely trusts him and watches him like a child.
2.17. Lexical work:servility.
SLAVERY (bookish contempt). Flattering servility, sycophancy, humiliated obedience towards someone or something.
In contrast to Khoryu, Kalinich symbolizes the poetic side of the Russian national character. How does it manifest itself?
2.18. Expressive reading from the words “...they spoke to me at ease...” to the words “...and from him I learned a lot.”
The poetic side of character is manifested in dreaminess, enthusiasm, disdain for material goods, kindness, love for people, desire to serve them, trust in the world, moral purity, and touching friendship with Khorem.
III. Summing up the lesson.
In “Notes of a Hunter,” a certain type of Russian national character is reflected in the image of Khor, testifying to the viability of a rational, solid, businesslike principle.
The image of Kalinich in “Notes of a Hunter” reveals a whole series of “free people” from the people: they cannot constantly live in the same place, doing the same thing. This type, with its poetry, spiritual gentleness, sensitive attitude to nature, is no less important for Turgenev than a reasonable and practical hero: they both represent different, but complementary sides of the nature of the Russian person. This is a harmonious unity, this is a happy union in the Russian character of the social and the natural.
How does the narrator appear in “The Choir and Kalinich”?
The narrator makes the characters sympathetic because he treats people with respect. He seeks the essence of what he saw and heard, comes to generalizations and conclusions, in a word, “explores” the life that interests him.
IV. Homework.
2.Individual tasks:
Compose a story about Nikolai Ivanovich, Morgach, Stupid, Wild Master;
Prepare the “historian’s” comments on the phrase “nicknamed Stryganika in the neighborhood...”;
Prepare a message about the songs “More than one path ran through the field...”, “I will plow the young, young one...”.
Lesson in 7th grade
I. S. Turgenev “Khor and Kalinich”
1. Familiarize students with the writer’s biography and the main milestones of his work.
2. Tell about interesting facts from the writer’s life.
3. Give a general description of the work “Khor and Kalinich”
Lesson progress
Organizational moment: Checking homework. Conversation based on an article you read at home about Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. - Look at the portrait of Ivan Sergeevich and try to describe his character, manners, try to imagine what he was like in his youth and what his lifestyle was like.
Did you know such facts from the life of the writer?
Ivan Turgenev with a hole in his head
Turgenev could rightly be called “the biggest head of Russian literature.” In any case, as anatomists have established, his brain - 2000 grams - exceeds the weight of the brains of other famous people. Perhaps this is why, as Botkin put it, “the creator simply did not have enough material for such a large head”: the bone on the writer’s crown was so thin that, according to Turgenev, the brain could be felt through it. Because of this feature, when struck on the head with his hand, Turgenev lost consciousness or fell into a semi-fainting state. When he was later accused of being weak-bodied, he said: “And what kind of willpower can you expect from me, when until now even my skull could not grow together. It wouldn’t hurt me to bequeath it to the academy museum... What can you expect when there’s a failure right at the top of your head!”
Turgenev's frivolous youth
In his youth, Turgenev was a very frivolous person, to say the least. He could, for example, invite a bunch of guests to dinner and then “accidentally” forget about it. The next day, the guests, of course, expressed their extreme dissatisfaction with the careless owner. Turgenev began to wring his hands and desperately apologize, citing various reasons. Then he immediately invited him to dinner, promising to atone for his guilt with an unheard-of feast. The guests softened, but when, on the appointed day and hour, they again came to Turgenev, the owner... was not at home again! Then everything was repeated: warm apologies and new invitations to dinner... For these and other “pranks” Belinsky called Turgenev nothing more than a “boy”.
Ivan Sergeevich loved to show off. He liked to show off in a blue tailcoat with gold buttons depicting lion heads, light checkered trousers, a white vest and a colored tie. Alexander Herzen, after his first meeting with Turgenev, called him Khlestakov.
In Germany, where he came to complete his education, Turgenev completely lost control: participating in almost all student feasts and dubious adventures, he began to squander his parents’ money left and right, while forgetting to write letters to his mother. The mother sent money and food to the prodigal son, but the son squandered everything and did not even thank him. Finally, the money transfers stopped. This forced him to calm down for a while. One day Turgenev received an unpaid package of extraordinary weight from Russia. He paid his last pennies for sending it, printed it out... and gasped: mother filled the parcel with bricks!
Great oddities of Turgenev
“Turgenev is a woman’s soul in the rough guise of a cyclops,” is how the French writer Daudet described Ivan Sergeevich. Pisemsky called him “a gentle giant, with the eyes of a dying gazelle.” Despite his great height and wrestling physique, Turgenev was a surprisingly gentle, non-conflict person.
Turgenev had a thin, almost feminine voice. This discrepancy between the high tenor and his heroic chest was immediately noticeable. Being completely devoid of musical ear, he nevertheless loved to sing. And although he could not hit a single right note, the listeners were delighted with this comic spectacle. “What should I do? After all, I myself know that I don’t have a voice, but just a pig!” - Turgenev lamented.
Like any outstanding person, Ivan Sergeevich had his own oddities. Take, for example, his way of laughing. According to Fet, he laughed in the most contagious way: “He fell to the floor and, standing on all fours, continued to laugh and shake his whole body.” When the blues attacked him, he put a tall cap on his head and... put himself in a corner. And he stood there until the melancholy passed.
It should also be noted his extreme cleanliness and almost manic love for order. Twice a day he changed his linen and wiped himself with a sponge and cologne, sat down to write, tidied up the room and the papers on the table, and even got up at night, remembering that the scissors were not in the place they should be. His mood would deteriorate if the window curtains were not drawn carefully. I couldn’t write if at least one thing on the desk was out of place.
In the mornings, Turgenev took a long time to attend to his toilet and combed his hair especially carefully. “Look,” he said to Polonsky, “I start on the right with this ridge... fifty times, then to the left... fifty times; then with another, more frequent comb - a hundred times. And then - with a brush. You're surprised, aren't you? But, you see, combing my hair well and being immaculately smoothed has always been my passion since childhood.”
This is our Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.
But, despite this lifestyle and his quirks, he is a talented person. He wrote a huge number of prose poems, novellas and short stories, which are now studied at school. Whose fault is it? Shchi, Egoist, I got up at night..., I walked among the high mountains..., Without a nest, Gemini. Novels and short stories: , (Notes of a Hunter, Burmistr (Notes of a Hunter), Ermolai and the Miller's Wife (Notes of a Hunter), Living Relics (Notes of a Hunter), Mumu, Khor and Kalinich (Notes of a Hunter).
In this list we see stories next to which there is a note in brackets “A Hunter's Note”. What do you think this is?
- “Notes of a Hunter” is a cycle of stories by I. S. Turgenev, initially consisting of 22 essays. A passionate lover of nature, Turgenev made extensive use of descriptions of nature in his work, which constitute the best pages in the history of the Russian literary landscape. Turgenev treated nature as an elemental force living an independent life. Turgenev's landscapes are strikingly concrete and at the same time covered in the experiences of the narrator and the characters; they are dynamic and closely related to the action. To deceive suspicious censors, Turgenev used ambiguous expressions, subtly used allusions, and sometimes even compositional rearrangements of events. A remarkable example of such a “deceptive” manner is the short story “Yermolai and the Miller’s Wife,” in which the story of the unfortunate Arina is deliberately “hidden” in the middle of a seemingly ordinary essay on a hunting theme. The “Aesopian style” of writing helped “Notes of a Hunter” pass the censorship. The greater was her rage after the publication of “Notes” in the world. The author of “Notes of a Hunter” found a new typological principle, created characters who later formed, as it were, the internal psychological core of the heroes of his famous ideological novels. These are the types of rationalist, skeptical thinker close to nature. Turgenev's artistic innovation manifested itself most forcefully in the images of peasants. Never before have they been displayed in such abundance on the pages of realistic works. Turgenev brings his “men” closer to the readers, he makes them the main characters of the entire cycle. Peasants and serfs in “Notes of a Hunter” are tortured for unheated wine, they are exiled to distant villages, evicted from fertile lands, doomed to all the horrors of the twenty-five-year Nikolaev soldiery. But, although Turgenev talks a lot about the various forms of oppression of peasants, this is not the main subject of his attention as an artist. Unlike Gogol, who captured in “Dead Souls” the pernicious influence of serfdom on the peasants (the stupidity of Petrushka, the slavish obedience of Selifan), Turgenev with all his might affirms in “Notes of a Hunter” the theme of the spiritual greatness of the Russian peasantry. He showed the peasants as gifted, sometimes deeply talented, Russian people. He sympathetically highlighted Khor's intelligence, curiosity, hard work, and practical acumen, and along with this, Kalinich's romantic purity and dreaminess, Yakov's artistic artistry, and Kasyan's tireless love of truth. Turgenev depicted peasant girls with special sympathy - the selfless love of Matryona, the gullibility and poetry of Akulina, the fortitude of the buried Lukerya alive. In the story “Bezhin Meadow,” Turgenev was one of the first Russian writers to realistically depict peasant children. With the entirety of his peasant images, Turgenev argued that in his country there were not only “dead souls” of landowner-serf Russia, but also “living souls” of the ordinary Russian people .In “Notes of a Hunter” three themes dominate: the life of peasants, the life of landowners and the spiritual world of the educated class. The main pathos of this cycle is the image of the people's forces suppressed by serfdom, the boundless talent, moral and spiritual beauty of the people. Belinsky wrote that the author here “came to the people from a side from which no one had approached them before,” that is, from the moral and ethical side. This, first of all, was Turgenev’s powerful protest against serfdom. For Turgenev, nature is the main element, it subjugates a person and shapes his inner world. The Russian forest, in which “stately aspens babble,” “a mighty oak tree stands like a fighter next to a beautiful linden tree,” and the vast steppe - these are the main elements that define the national traits of the Russian person in “Notes of a Hunter.”
Listen to the history of the creation of this work.
The story “Khor and Kalinich” in the series “Notes of a Hunter” reveals the inner strengths of the Russian person, the prospects for his further growth and development, reveals their giftedness, talent, their high spiritual...