Underline the correct statements the first militia was led. Lyapunov's first militia

19.11.2023

The first militia of 1611, a liberation army (army), created in Russia to fight the intervention of Polish feudal lords (see Polish and Swedish intervention in Russia in the 17th century). Boyar Prospect (“Seven Boyars”), which recognized the Russian. Tsar of Poland Prince Vladislav, on the night of September 21. 1610 Polish people were allowed into Moscow. troops. In response, the liberation movement intensified. In order to expel the interventionists from Moscow, a political organization began to be organized in Ryazan. (head of the governor P.P. Lyapunov). It included the militias of N. Novgorod, Yaroslavl, Suzdal, Vladimir, Murom and others - all of St. 50 cities and counties, center and north. parts Rus. state By. consisted of nobles, archers, townspeople, black-growing peasants; this included, led by D.T. Trubetskoy and I.M. Zarutsky, detachments of military men (mainly Cossacks), who had previously acted on the side of False Dmitry II - the “Tushins”. Together with Russian Tatars, Maris, Chuvashs, and Mordovians participated in the fight against the invaders. Concentrating at the beginning of March 1611 in Kolomna and Serpukhov, P. o. headed towards Moscow, where the plan was brewing. insurrection. It broke out before the army could approach, and was brutally suppressed (March 19-21). March 24 basic forces P. o. (from 20 to 30 thousand people) became a camp at the Simonov Monastery. Polish The troops located in Moscow (10-15 thousand people), led by Hetman A. Gonsevsky, launched a sortie and tried to defeat the Russians in a field battle. army, but were repulsed. Apr 7 The militia captured the White City, as a result, the Poles found themselves isolated in the Kremlin and Kitay-Gorod. Lyapunov hoped to starve them out, since it was difficult to take possession of the fortifications behind which the enemy with artillery was hiding. In the beginning In June, a detachment of J. Sapieha (5 thousand people) approached Moscow to help the Poles. However, he was unable to unite with the besieged and at the end of the month he left for the north, to Pereslavl-Zalessky. Taking advantage of this, the militia captured the Novodevichy Convent on July 6, where the department was located. Polish squad. By this time in P. o. Social contradictions sharply worsened. The “sentence” of June 30, 1611, adopted by the leadership of the P. O., outlined the structure of the supreme power - the “Council of the Whole Land.” The temporary zemstvo administration included Trubetskoy, Zarutsky and Lyapunov (in fact, he headed it). The “sentence” infringed on the interests of the “Tushino people”, since it abolished the “Tushino” salaries on estates, and gzhshnoye demanded the return of fugitive peasants and slaves to their former owners (landowners). The Cossacks' dissatisfaction with the nobles' policies led to the murder of Lyapunov (July 22). Mn. The warriors went home. Ch. remained in place. image of the Cossacks (approx. 10 thousand people). Power was concentrated in the hands of Zarutsky. Sapieha’s detachment (7 thousand people) that again approached Moscow (August 14) with a food train broke into the Kremlin. With united forces, the Poles drove the Cossacks out of the White City. The siege of Moscow actually stopped; the Cossack detachments only blocked the department. roads leading to the city. By. did not solve the problems facing him. However, the experience of its creation and use was taken into account, which was of great importance for the victory of the so-called. the second militia (see People's militia under the leadership of Minin and Pozharsky).

B. I. Kuznetsov.

Used materials from the Soviet Military Encyclopedia in 8 volumes, volume 6

The situation in Russia during this period of time was extremely difficult. False Dmitry II appeared, who was supported by many cities in Russia, excluding Smolensk, Nizhny Novgorod, Kolomna, and the cities of Siberia. Vasily Shuisky, frightened by this, invites the Swedes to fight the impostor. Together they managed to liberate a number of settlements, including Pskov, after which they were sent to defend the city of Novgorod. Due to non-payment of salaries, the Swedes seized it and part of the territories.

After the death of False Dmitry II, the Polish king Sigismund III decided to take advantage of the situation in Russia. He, together with Lithuania, entered Russian territory in 1609. If the impostor was recognized by many Russian cities and settlements, the Poles were accepted as interventionists, although the hetmans of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth explained their invasion as assistance to the Russian kingdom. The robbery and atrocities committed by the occupiers became the impetus for the creation of the first militia. It was headed by the Ryazan nobleman P. P. Lyapunov.

Deposition of Shuisky

In 1610, Polish-Lithuanian troops under the leadership of two hetmans, Zolkiewski and Sapieha, surrounded Moscow. They suggested that the boyars remove Shuisky and install Prince Vladislav as king, assuring them that he wants to convert to Orthodoxy. Having removed Shuisky, he was tonsured against his will as a monk and sent to a monastery. The boyars opened the Kremlin gates and let the Poles into the city.

Some boyars who sat in the Duma nominated Vladislav to the throne. His candidacy was supported by some of the townspeople. The Orthodox Church, represented by Patriarch Hermogenes, opposed it and began sending messages to all parts of the country calling for resistance to the invaders. It was at his call that the militia began to be formed.

Formation of the first militia

The atrocities of the Poles in the occupied territories provoked more and more people to revolt. The creation of the militia was initiated by service people - nobles who benefited from centralized power. The loss of service and the destruction of their estates forced them to take up arms. Peasants, robbed by the Poles, collected their belongings, livestock and went into the forests, where they organized detachments. It was difficult for the Poles to get provisions, fodder for horses, and find guides.

In many cities, detachments were formed that joined the first militia. It was headed at the very beginning by P.P. Lyapunov, but later he was joined by former associates of False Dmitry II, Cossack detachments of atamans Prosovetsky and Zarutsky, as well as a number of princes and boyars, who would later play a negative role in the existence of the militia.

Resistance was also created in Moscow, in which townspeople and service people, children of the boyars took part. Having learned about the organization of the militias, the Poles turned to the Ukrainian Cossacks, led by Hetman Sagaidachny, who came to their aid.

First baptism

The first people's militia that was formed was headed by the small-scale nobleman Lyapunov, since its main backbone consisted of service people. The Cossacks of Sagaidachny captured several cities, including Pronsk, which the first militia recaptured. The Cossacks besieged the city, but the Zaraysk governor, Prince Pozharsky, hastened to help Lyapunov.

Afterwards, the Cossacks laid siege to Zaraysk in retaliation, but Pozharsky managed to force them to flee. The decision is made to attack Moscow. Lyapunov appeals to the residents of Nizhny Novgorod to come to their aid in the fight against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Patriarch Hermogenes sends his appeals there.

March on Moscow

At the beginning of March 1611, detachments of the first militia marched on Moscow, led by Lyapunov and Pozharsky. The Nizhny Novgorod militia had already arrived there, uniting in Vladimir with the Cossack detachment of Prosovetsky, Masalsky and Izmailov. They besieged Moscow, where an uprising broke out. The Poles set fire to the townspeople's houses. Moscow was burning. Pozharsky and his detachment managed to penetrate the city. Poles and German mercenaries settled in Kitay-Gorod and the Kremlin.

The militias besieging Moscow began to form the Zemsky Sobor. Here a great contradiction emerged between the nobles and the Cossacks. The Poles took advantage of this situation and began to act using a proven method - they planted a letter on Zarutsky, allegedly written by Lyapunov, which said that he was plotting the murder of the atamans. Having called the governor at night to the Cossack circle, they hacked him to death. Most of the nobles left the camp. The Cossacks, under the leadership of Zarutsky and Trubetskoy, fled to Kolomna, and then to Astrakhan. The first militia disintegrated.

Such a plight in Russia forced Tsar Vasily Shuisky to resort to the help of the Swedes. Charles IX sent an advance party to Russia in April 1609 under the leadership of Jacob Delagardie. Russian troops, led by a relative of the Tsar, the talented governor Prince Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shuisky, popular in the government of Shuisky, together with the Swedes, expelled the Poles from Pskov and other cities and in October 1609 approached Moscow. Having liberated the Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda, Skopin-Shuisky forced Hetman Sapega, who was helping False Dmitry II, to lift the siege of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery.

Perceiving the alliance between the Russians and the Swedes as a threat to Poland, King Sigismund III took open action against the Moscow state. In mid-September 1609, the advanced corps under the leadership of Lev Sapieha crossed the Russian border, heading towards Smolensk. Soon King Sigismund himself approached the city, inviting all the Poles and everyone from the camp of False Dmitry II to his service. Residents of Smolensk refused to surrender and found themselves under siege. Many troops serving the Pretender abandoned him, and False Dmitry II was forced to flee in January 1610 from Tushin to Kaluga, where he was subsequently killed in December 1610.

Organization of the first people's militia

March on Moscow

The advance detachment of Nizhny Novgorod residents set out from Nizhny Novgorod on February 8, and the main forces under the command of the governor, Prince Repnin, on February 17. In Vladimir, the advanced detachment of Nizhny Novgorod residents united with the Cossack detachment of Prosovetsky. Repnin, joining forces with Masalsky and Izmailov on the road, caught up with the advance detachment and all of them together reached Moscow in mid-March 1611, where they met with the troops of Lyapunov and other governors. Among Lyapunov’s associates, the Zaraisk governor, Prince Pozharsky, arrived with his detachment.

Waiting for the approach of the militia forces, on Tuesday, March 19, Holy Week, the Poles began to fortify Kitay-Gorod, forcing cabbies to transport guns, which caused discontent, which was taken by the detachment of Germans in the Kremlin, who went over to the side of the Poles in the Battle of Klushino, for the beginning of the uprising. Coming out of the Kremlin, an 8,000-strong detachment rushed into the crowd and began beating Muscovites. Then the Poles joined the carnage. Up to 7 thousand people died in Kitai-Gorod. The Poles also killed Prince Andrei Vasilyevich Golitsyn, who was in custody.

Among the Muscovites were the advanced militia detachments that had entered the city, led by Prince Pozharsky, Buturlin and Koltovsky. Pozharsky's detachment met the enemies on Sretenka, repelled them and drove them to Kitai-Gorod. Buturlin's detachment fought at the Yauz Gate, Koltovsky's detachment fought at Zamoskvorechye. Seeing no other way to defeat the enemy, Polish troops were forced to set fire to the city. Special companies were appointed, which set fire to the city from all sides. Most of the houses were set on fire. Many churches and monasteries were looted and destroyed.

The next day, Wednesday, the Poles again attacked Pozharsky, who had set up a stronghold near his compound on Lubyanka. Pozharsky was seriously wounded and was taken to the Trinity Monastery. The Poles' attempt to occupy Zamoskvorechye failed, and they fortified themselves in Kitai-Gorod and the Kremlin.

The militias who arrived on Friday saw the burning city and hurried to the aid of Muscovites. Lyapunov sent Prosovetsky with several thousand soldiers in support. Alexander Gonsevsky sent detachments of Sborovsky and Strus to meet them. In the skirmish, about 200 of Prosovetsky’s Cossacks were killed, after which he went on the defensive (“settled down in the walking cities”). The Poles did not dare to attack and returned to Moscow.

By Monday the detachments of Lyapunov, Zarutsky and others arrived. A militia of 100 thousand people strengthened itself at the Simonov Monastery.

Discord in the militia

Having stopped near Moscow, the people's militia did not begin active military operations against the Poles who were under siege, but began to restore the structures of power. On the basis of the army headquarters, the Zemsky Sobor was founded, consisting of “vassal Tatar khans (princes), boyars and okolnichy, palace officials, clerks, princes and murzas (Tatar princes), nobles and boyar children, Cossack atamans, delegates from ordinary Cossacks and all service people.

In the militia, antagonism immediately emerged between the Cossacks and the nobles: the former sought to preserve their freedom, the latter - to strengthen serfdom and state discipline. This was complicated by personal rivalry between two prominent figures at the head of the militia - Ivan Zarutsky and Prokofy Lyapunov. In the end, at the instigation of Zarutsky, Lyapunov was summoned to the Cossack circle and killed there. After this, most of the nobles left the camp; Cossacks under the command of Zarutsky and Prince Trubetskoy remained until the approach of the Second Militia of Prince Pozharsky.

Notes

Sources

Chronicle of many revolts. Second edition. - M.: 1788.
Malinovsky A. F. Biographical information about Prince Pozharsky. - M.: 1817.
Glukharev I. N. Prince Pozharsky and Nizhny Novgorod citizen Minin, or the liberation of Moscow in 1612. Historical legend of the 17th century.. - M.: 1848.
Smirnov S.K. Biography of Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky. - M.: 1852.
Solovyov S. M. History of Russia from ancient times. Volume 8. Chapter 8. The end of the interregnum. - 1851-1879.
Russian biographical dictionary: In 25 volumes / under the supervision of A. A. Polovtsov. 1896-1918. Korsakova V.I. Pozharsky, book. Dmitry Mikhailovich. - St. Petersburg: 1905. - T. 14. - P. 221-247.
Proceedings of the Nizhny Novgorod provincial scientific archival commission. - N. Novgorod: 1912. - T.9.
Shmatov V. E. PUREH. Historical and local history research. - Kirov: 2004. - P. 30-42.

- (Ryazan militia) in 1611, to combat the Polish intervention in the Time of Troubles (see TIME OF TROUBLES), formed in Ryazan, consisted of detachments of nobles from the southeastern districts and the Volga region, nobles and Cossacks of the former Tushino camp, townspeople. Conditions... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary

1611 (Ryazan militia) formed in Ryazan to fight the Poles. Consisted of a detachment of nobles from the southeastern districts and the Volga region, nobles and Cossacks from the former. Tushino camp, townspeople. Besieged Moscow occupied by the Poles in March 1611, collapsed in... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

1611 (Ryazan militia), during the Time of Troubles, formed on the initiative of the residents of Ryazan (voivode P.P. Lyapunov) to fight against the Poles. Included nobles, archers, service Cossacks, black-growing peasants, townspeople, datochny people, as well as... ... Russian history

Militia in Russia to combat the intervention of Polish feudal lords. Conditions for creating a P. o. formed in 1610. The boyar government (“Seven Boyars”) in August 1610 concluded an agreement with the Poles, according to which the son of Sigismund III Vladislav ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Many people know that Moscow was liberated by the militia led by Minin and Pozharsky. But not everyone knows that the militia of Minin and Pozharsky was the Second. The history of the First Militia is very revealing and provides significant food for thought about what a lack of agreement can lead to.

Having declared himself a new contender for the Russian throne in June 1607, False Dmitry II had greatly strengthened his position by June 1608 and approached Moscow. After an unsuccessful attempt to take Moscow, he was forced to stop in the village of Tushino, twelve kilometers from Moscow. During this period, many cities of Russia recognized False Dmitry II, only the Trinity-Sergius Monastery, the cities of Kolomna, Smolensk, Pereyaslavl-Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod and a number of Siberian cities remained faithful to Tsar Shuisky.

Such a plight in Russia forced Tsar Vasily Shuisky to resort to the help of the Swedes. Charles IX sent an advance detachment to Russia in April 1609 under the leadership of Jacob Delagardie. Russian troops, led by a relative of the Tsar, the talented governor Prince Mikhail Vasilyevich Skopin-Shuisky, popular in the government of Shuisky, together with the Swedes, expelled the Poles from Pskov and other cities and in October 1609 approached Moscow. Having liberated the Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda, Skopin-Shuisky forced Hetman Sapega, who was helping False Dmitry II, to lift the siege of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery.

In the image: Skopin-Shuisky

In the spring of 1610, hetmans Zolkiewski and Sapieha, sent by the Polish king, surrounded Moscow. Skopin-Shuisky died suddenly in April 1610. The Swedes had previously abandoned the Russian troops and, having robbed Ladoga, went to Sweden. The hetmans secretly sent a letter to the Moscow boyars, in which they wrote that they had come with the intention of stopping the needless bloodshed. And they suggested that the boyars, instead of Tsar Shuisky, elect the son of Sigismund III, Prince Vladislav, to the Russian throne, who, according to them, would willingly accept the Orthodox faith. King Sigismund III sent the same letter to the boyars. Most of the Moscow boyars and some Muscovites wavered in their loyalty to Tsar Shuisky, and in July 1610 he was deposed, forcibly tonsured a monk and sent to the Chudov Monastery. In September 1610, Muscovites sent the army of Hetman Zholkiewski into the capital, who, having established his power in Moscow in the form of the Seven Boyars, took possession of the Moscow treasury and royal treasures.

In the image: Presentation of the captive Tsar Vasily Shuisky to the Senate and Sigismund III in Warsaw 1611

At the beginning of January 1611, the residents of Nizhny Novgorod received a letter from Patriarch Hermogenes: “You see,” he wrote, “how your fatherland is being plundered, how they abuse holy icons and churches, how innocent blood is shed... There have been no disasters similar to our disasters anywhere, not in which books will you not find something like this? Residents of Moscow also wrote to Nizhny Novgorod residents: “Moscow is perishing, and Moscow is the foundation of Russia; do not forget that as long as the root is strong, the tree is strong... Spare us, poor in soul and body, who have come to the end of destruction, stand with us at the same time against the enemies of the cross of Christ.”

In addition to Nizhny Novgorod, the appeals of the patriarch and Muscovites reached other cities. The people of Ryazan responded warmly. The Ryazan governor Prokopiy Lyapunov was the first of the future leaders of the people's militia to begin gathering patriots of the Russian land in Ryazan for the campaign and liberation of Moscow from the interventionists and already sent out letters on his own behalf, calling for the fight against the Poles.

The Poles, having learned about this, called for help to destroy the Ryazan cities of the Little Russian Cossacks, who occupied a number of cities, including Pronsk. Lyapunov recaptured the city from them, but he himself came under siege. The Zaraisk governor, Prince D. M. Pozharsky, came to Lyapunov’s aid. Having freed Lyapunov, Pozharsky returned to Zaraysk. But the Cossacks, who had left near Pronsk, captured at night the Zaraisk fortifications (fortress) around the Kremlin, where Pozharsky was located. Pozharsky managed to knock them out of there, the survivors fled.

In the image: Prince Trubetskoy

Most of the supporters of False Dmitry II, with the death of the latter, responded to Lyapunov’s call, since they also did not want the power of the Poles in Russia. Among them were Prince D.T. Trubetskoy, Masalsky, princes Pronsky and Kozlovsky, Mansurov, Nashchokin, Volkonsky, Volynsky, Izmailov, Velyaminov. The Cossack freemen, led by atamans Zarutsky and Prosovetsky, also went over to the side of the militia.

In January 1611, the residents of Nizhny Novgorod, having confirmed themselves by kissing the cross (oath) with the Balakhonians (residents of the city of Balakhna), sent letters of conscription to the cities of Ryazan, Kostroma, Vologda, Galich and others, asking to send warriors to Nizhny Novgorod in order to “stand for... the faith and for The Moscow state is one." The appeals of Nizhny Novgorod residents were successful. Many Volga and Siberian cities responded.

The Ryazan governor Prokopiy Lyapunov, in turn, sent his representatives to Nizhny Novgorod to coordinate the timing of the campaign against Moscow and asked the Nizhny Novgorod residents to take with them more military supplies, in particular gunpowder and lead.

Waiting for the approach of the militia forces, on Tuesday, March 19, during Holy Week, the Poles began to strengthen Kitay-Gorod, forcing cabbies to transport guns, which caused discontent, which was taken by the detachment of Germans in the Kremlin, who went over to the side of the Poles in the Battle of Klushin, for the beginning of the uprising. Coming out of the Kremlin, an 8,000-strong detachment rushed into the crowd and began beating Muscovites. Then the Poles joined the carnage. Up to 7 thousand people died in Kitai-Gorod. The Poles also killed Prince Andrei Vasilyevich Golitsyn, who was in custody.

In the image: Dmitry Pozharsky at the Monument “1000th Anniversary of Russia” in Veliky Novgorod

By Monday the detachments of Lyapunov, Zarutsky and others arrived. A militia of 100 thousand people strengthened itself at the Simonov Monastery.

For education: Zemsky Sobor

In the militia, antagonism immediately emerged between the Cossacks and the nobles: the former sought to preserve their freedom, the latter - to strengthen serfdom and state discipline. This was complicated by personal rivalry between two prominent figures at the head of the militia - Ivan Zarutsky and Prokofy Lyapunov. The Poles skillfully took advantage of this. They sent fabricated letters to the Cossacks, where it was written that Lyapunov was allegedly trying to destroy the Cossacks. Lyapunov was summoned to the Cossack circle and hacked to death on June 22, 1611. After this, most of the nobles left the camp; Cossacks under the command of Zarutsky and Prince Trubetskoy remained until the approach of the Second Militia of Prince Pozharsky.

He was overthrown from the Russian throne in 1610. He was sent to a monastery, and they did it by force. After this, the period of Boyar rule begins - the so-called Seven Boyars. The end includes, in addition to boyar rule, an invitation to the throne of the Polish prince Vladislav, foreign intervention in the territory of Rus', the creation of a people's militia and the accession of a new dynasty.

In some historiography, the end of the Troubles is not associated with 1613, when he was elected to the throne. Many historians extend the Time of Troubles until 1617-1618, when truces were concluded with Poland and Sweden. Namely Deulinskoe with Poland and the Stolbovsky peace with the Swedes.

Period of Troubles

After the overthrow of Shuisky's rule, the boyars took power into their own hands. Several noble boyar families, led by Mstislavsky, took part in the administration. If we evaluate the activities of the Seven Boyars, then its policy looked treacherous in relation to its country. The boyars openly decided to surrender the state to the Poles. In surrendering the country, the Seven Boyars proceeded from class preferences. At the same time, the army of False Dmitry II was heading towards Moscow, and these were the “lower classes” of society. And the Poles, although they were Catholics and did not belong to the Russian nation, were still closer in class terms.

On August 17, 1610, an agreement was signed between the two states on the territory of the Polish army. The agreement implied - to call the son of the Polish king Vladislav to the Russian throne. But in this agreement there were several points that significantly limited the power of the prince, namely:

The prince converts to Orthodoxy;
No contact with the Pope about Vladislav's faith is prohibited;
Execute Russians who deviate from the Orthodox faith;
The prince marries a Russian Orthodox girl;
Russian prisoners must be released.

The terms of the agreement were accepted. Already on August 27, the capital of the Russian state swears allegiance to the prince. The Poles entered Moscow. Those close to False Dmitry II learned about this. A conspiracy was organized against him, he was killed.

During the oath of Moscow to the prince, the Polish king SigismundIII and his army stood at Smolensk. After the oath, the Russian embassy was sent there, its head was Filaret Romanov. The purpose of the embassy is to bring Vladislav to the capital. But then it turned out that SigismundIII himself wanted to take the Russian throne. He did not inform the ambassadors about his plans, he simply began to stall for time. And at this time, the boyars opened the doors of Moscow for the Poles who were near the city.

Events at the end of the Time of Troubles

The events of the end began to develop rapidly. A new government arose in Moscow. He was given the role of managing the state until Vladislav arrived in the city. It was headed by the following people:

Boyarin M. Saltykov;
Merchant F. Andronov.

Particular attention should be paid to Andronov. For the first time, a city person, in this case a merchant, appeared in the state apparatus. From this we can conclude that the wealthy part of Moscow’s citizens were in favor of Vladislav’s rule and actively promoted his candidacy. At the same time, realizing that Sigismund was in no hurry to send Vladislav to the throne, the ambassadors began to put pressure on Sigismund. This led to their arrest and they were then sent to Poland.

In 1610, the Time of Troubles entered the phase of the liberation struggle. Everything has become easier. Now it was not Russian forces that were confronting each other, but an open confrontation between Poles and Russians. This also included the religious segment - the struggle between Catholics and Orthodox. The main force in this struggle among the Russians was the zemstvo militias. They arose in counties, volosts and cities, gradually the militias grew stronger and were subsequently able to provide fierce resistance to the interventionists.

Patriarch Hermogenes took a very tough position towards the Poles. He was categorically against their stay in the capital, and was also against the Polish prince on the Russian throne. He was an ardent fighter against intervention. Hermogenes would play an important role in the liberation struggle, which would begin in 1611. The presence of the Poles in Moscow gave impetus to the beginning of the national liberation movement.

The first militia of the Time of Troubles

It is worth noting that those territories where militias arose were long accustomed to independently governing their territories. In addition, in these territories there was not such a large social stratification, there was no clear division between rich and poor. We can say that this movement was patriotic. But not everything is so perfect. The merchants who lived there did not at all want the Poles to rule the state. This state of affairs had a negative impact on trade.

In 1610-1611 The first zemstvo militia arose during the Time of Troubles. This militia had several leaders:

Lyapunov brothers - Prokipiy and Zakhar;
Ivan Zarutsky - formerly in the camp of False Dmitry II, favorite of Marina Mnishek (wife);
Prince Dmitry Trubetskoy.

The leaders had an adventurous character. It is worth noting that the time was adventurous in itself. In March 1611, the militia decided to take Moscow by storm. This failed, but the city was placed under blockade.

Within the militia, a conflict arose between representatives of the Cossacks and the nobility. The Poles took advantage of this conflict. They sent a letter stating that Prokopiy Lyapunov was supposed to enter into an agreement with them. Lyapunov could not justify himself, and was killed. The militia eventually disbanded.

The end and consequences of the Time of Troubles

Some territories swore allegiance to little Ivan Dmitrievich - the son of False Dmitry II and Marina Mnishek. But there is a version that the boy’s father was Ivan Zarutsky. Ivan had the nickname “raven”, as he was the son of the Tushinsky thief. At the same time, a new militia begins to take shape. It was headed by Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky.

Initially, Minin raised funds and equipped the infantry. And Prince Pozharsky led the army. Dmitry Pozharsky was a descendant of Vsevolod the Big Nest. It can be judged that Dmitry had very extensive rights to take the Russian throne. In addition, it is worth saying that this militia marched on Moscow under the coat of arms of the Pozharsky family. The movement of the new militia swept the Volga region, the army arrived in the city of Yaroslavl. Alternative government bodies were created there.

In August 1612, a militia army was near Moscow. Pozharsky managed to persuade the Cossacks to help the militia. The combined army struck the Poles, then the militia entered the city. It took a long time to take the Kremlin. Only on October 26 (November 4) he was surrendered by the Poles, and their lives were guaranteed. The prisoners were divided between the Cossacks and the militia. The militia kept their word, but the Cossacks did not. The captured Poles were killed by the Cossacks.

In February 1613, the Zemsky Sobor elected a 16-year-old boy to reign. This is the story of the end of the troubled period.

Underline the correct statements the first militia was led. Lyapunov's first militia

Deposition of Shuisky

Formation of the first militia

First baptism

March on Moscow

Organization of the first people's militia

March on Moscow

Discord in the militia

Notes

Sources

See also

See what the “First Militia” is in other dictionaries:

Period of Troubles

Events at the end of the Time of Troubles

The first militia of the Time of Troubles

The end and consequences of the Time of Troubles

End of the Time of Troubles video