Slide 1
Slide 2
The drama "The Thunderstorm" was conceived under the impression of Ostrovsky's trip along the Volga (1856-1857), but was written in 1859. “The Thunderstorm,” as Dobrolyubov wrote, “is without a doubt Ostrovsky’s most decisive work.”
Slide 3
The premiere of The Thunderstorm took place on December 2, 1859. The new play made a strong impression on the audience and caused a heated discussion. The dispute unfolded, first of all, around the interpretation of the character and fate of Katerina Kabanova.
Slide 4
A detailed analysis of “The Thunderstorm” was given by the critic of the Sovremennik magazine N.A. Dobrolyubov. His article “A Ray of Light in the Dark Kingdom,” written from the position of a democratic revolutionary, continued his thoughts on Ostrovsky’s dramaturgy, begun in the article “The Dark Kingdom.” Dobrolyubov used precise images-symbols of the “dark kingdom” and “a ray of light in the dark kingdom.” His analysis remains a classic treatment of the work.
Slide 5
In the image of Katerina there is a decisive, irreconcilable Russian character. But what is most striking is its originality. There is nothing alien or external in it, everything comes out from within. From her stories about her childhood, it is clear that her mother did not force her daughter to do anything and loved her very much. Katerina walked, prayed, embroidered. In general, she was raised in the old way of life. Katerina (R. Nifontova)
Slide 6
But from her old, somewhat harsh upbringing, she adopted only what was close to her pure, bright soul. Katerina processes any phenomenon and leaves a special imprint on her soul. That is why she tried to comprehend and ennoble everything in her soul, until Kabanikha’s heavy hand fell on her.
Slide 7
From Kabanova’s point of view, Katerina is strange, but for this reason Katerina cannot accept Kabanikha’s views. Under the heavy hand of her mother-in-law, there is no room for her bright dreams. At first, due to her innate nobility and kindness, Katerina will try not to violate the peace and rights of others. But when she realizes that she needs love and freedom, then her strength of character will manifest itself. Katerina (P. Strepetova)
Slide 8
A mute protest against the “dark kingdom” begins to arise in her young soul, which did not give her the desired love and freedom, independence. This protest grows. Katerina commits suicide. Katerina (R. Nifontova)
Slide 9
The life and customs of the Russian merchants were capable of bringing a person to moral and physical death, and Ostrovsky in his works shows all the circumstances, terrible in their everydayness and typicality, accompanying such a tragedy.
Slide 10
One of the city residents, Kuligin, says: “Cruel morals, sir, in our city, cruel!” Kuligin (Markushev)
Slide 11
Everyone obeys, so such representatives of the “dark kingdom” as Kabanova and Dikoy can freely establish their own rules.
Slide 12
Kabanikha is an extremely disgusting character, she is cruel, power-hungry, but at the same time stupid and limited. She is hypocritical, in her soul there is neither pity nor compassion for others. VERA PASHENNAYA – BOAR IN A.N. OSTROVSKY’S DRAMA “THE THUNDER”
Slide 13
They say about her that she is a prude, “she favors the poor, but completely eats up her family.” Kabanikha constantly reproaches everyone around her for not showing her due deference and respect. However, there is absolutely nothing to respect her for. Kabanova pesters her household so much that they quietly hate her. There is simply no other way to treat her. Kabanikha (V.N. Pashennaya)
Slide 14
Kabanova is considered a respected and influential woman in the city. She and the merchant Dikoy constitute the “color” of the city nobility. It is no wonder that such a suffocating atmosphere reigns in the city, because all the rules are established by such narrow-minded and evil people. Kabanikha (N. Rykalova)
Slide 15
Dikoy, like Kabanova, is uneducated. He does everything according to his own whim, without regard for those around him. He blackmails his nephew in every possible way, threatening that he will not receive his money if he is not sufficiently respectful to him and obedient to his will. Dikoy does not pay money to the peasants, he humiliates people, trampling on their human dignity. Dikoy (M. Zharov)
Slide 16
In such an atmosphere of “cruel morals” a proud, free, honest person cannot be formed, and therefore each of the characters in the play can be called a victim of the “dark kingdom”.
Slide 17
Under the pressure of this dark force, the characters of Tikhon and Varvara develop. And this power disfigures them - each in its own way. Tikhon (D.S. Pavlov) Y. Burygina (Varvara)
Slide 18
Tikhon is depressed, pitiful, impersonal. It’s not just that you can’t love him, you can’t respect him. Tikhon (Sadovsky)
Slide 19
Tikhon loves Katerina, but does not dare to show this love. “And I love her, I feel sorry for laying a finger on her...” he confesses to Kuligin. His will is paralyzed, and he does not even dare to help his unfortunate Katya.
Slide 20
Varvara does not want to endure the power of a tyrant force, she does not want to live in captivity. But she chooses the path of deception, cunning, dodging, and this becomes habitual for her - she does it easily, cheerfully, without feeling remorse. Yu. Burygina (Varvara)
Slide 21
Varvara claims that it is impossible to live without lies: their whole house rests on deception. “And I was not a liar, but I learned when it became necessary.” Her everyday philosophy is very simple: “Do whatever you want, as long as it’s safe and covered.” Yu. Burygina (Varvara)
Slide 22
However, Varvara was cunning while she could, and when they began to lock her up, she ran away from home. Varvara (O. Khorkova)
Slide 23
. He speaks about himself: “I’m walking around completely dead... Driven, beaten...” This is a kind, cultured person who stands out against the backdrop of the merchant environment. However, he is not able to protect either himself or the woman he loves; in misfortune, he only rushes about and cries and is unable to respond to abuse. Boris (V. Babyatinsky) The weakest and most pitiful of all is Dikiy’s nephew, Boris Grigorievich. Boris (N. Afanasyev)
Slide 25
The drama is called “The Thunderstorm” because in this work the thunderstorm is not only a natural, but also a social phenomenon. An explosive situation was brewing in the city, and finally it happened: under the influence of the environment and the people around her, the unfortunate woman voluntarily gave up her life.
Travel along the Volga
In 1856-1857 A.N. Ostrovsky participated in the famous
"Literary Expedition" organized by the sea
ministry. A trip along the Volga, a stay in the Volga
cities expanded the playwright's understanding of Russian
reality. This marked the beginning of work on
drama "The Thunderstorm".
The history of the creation of the drama "The Thunderstorm"
The play was written quickly: it began
in July, and completed in October 1859.
The playwright recreated unusually bright, lively and recognizable characters in life. Residents of several Volga cities argued where the events shown in the drama “The Thunderstorm” actually took place.
“The Volga gave Ostrovsky abundant food,
showed him new topics for dramas and comedies
and inspired him..." (participant of the "Literary
expedition" S.V. Maksimov ) .
Genre originality of the play
2) a literary genus that belongs simultaneously to theater and literature.
Drama Feature:
conflict, division of the plot into
stage scenes, continuous
chain of statements by characters, lack of narrative
Main conflict
A.N. Ostrovsky showed how “a protest against centuries-old traditions is brewing
and how the old Testament way of life begins to collapse
under the pressure of life's demands."
The conflict between the "dark kingdom" and the new
a person who lives according to the laws of conscience.
System of artistic images
Literary characters
"Dark Kingdom"
Kabanova Marfa Ignatievna
Dikoy Savel Prokofich
wanderer Feklusha
tradesman Shapkin
maid Glasha
"dark kingdom"
Katerina
Meaning of names in drama
Ekaterina - colloquial Katerina,
translated from Greek: pure, noble.
Varvara - translated from Greek: foreigner, foreigner.
Martha - from Aramaic: lady.
Boris – abbreviation of the name Borislav, from Bulgarian:
fight, from Slavic: words.
Savel - from Savely, from Hebrew: requested
Tikhon - from Greek: successful, calm.
The city of Kalinov and its inhabitants
The action takes place in the city
Kalinov, located on
bank of the Volga. Downtown-
Market Square, nearby
old church. Everything seems peaceful and calm, but rudeness
and differ in cruelty
masters of the city.
- Tell us about the residents of Kalinov.
- What kind of order reigns in the city? (Confirm your answer with text).
Life and customs of the “dark kingdom”
"Nothing sacred, nothing pure,
nothing right in this dark
world: dominating it
tyranny, wild, crazy,
wrong, drove everything out of him
consciousness of honor and right..." (N. Dobrolyubov)
1. Do you agree with this critic’s statement?
2. Prove the validity of N. Dobrolyubov’s words.
"The tyrants of Russian life"
Dikoy Savel Prokofich - typical
representative of the “dark kingdom”.
- What does the word "tyrant" mean?
- What is your idea of the Wild?
- What causes the unbridled
the tyranny of the Wild?
- How does he treat others?
- Is he sure of his limitlessness?
6. Describe your speech, manner of speaking,
communicate Wild. Give examples.
Let's conclude
Dikoy Savel Prokofich - “shrill man”
“scold”, “tyrant”, which means wild, cool at heart,
powerful person. The goal of his life is enrichment. Coarseness,
ignorance, abuse, and swearing are familiar to the Wild. Passion
the swearing becomes even stronger when they ask him for money.
"The tyrants of Russian life"
Kabanova Marfa Ignatievna is a typical representative of the “dark kingdom”.
1. What is your idea about this
character?
2. How does she treat her family?
What is her attitude to the “new order”?
3. What are the similarities and differences between the characters?
Wild and Kabanikha?
4. Describe Kabanova’s speech, manner of speaking, and communication. Give examples.
Let's conclude
Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova is the embodiment of despotism,
covered with hypocrisy. How correctly he described her
Kuligin: “Prude... He gives beggars, but completely eats up his family!” Love and maternal feelings do not exist for her.
to your children. Kabanikha is the exact nickname given to her by people. She is a “guardian” and protector of customs and
orders of the “dark kingdom”.
Young heroes of the play
Katerina
Describe each literary character .
Let's conclude
Tikhon is kind and sincerely loves Katerina. Exhausted
reproaches and orders from his mother, thinks about how
get out of the house. He is a weak-willed, submissive person.
Boris is gentle, kind, really understands
Katerina, but I am unable to help her. He's incapable
fight for his happiness, chooses the path of humility.
Varvara - understands the pointlessness of protest, for her
lies are protection from the laws of the “dark kingdom.” She ran away
from home, but did not submit.
Curly is desperate, boastful, capable of sincere feelings, and is not afraid of his owner. He is everyone
ways to fight for his happiness.
Katerina's struggle for happiness
- How is Katerina different from others?
heroes of the drama "The Thunderstorm"?
2. Tell the story of her life. Bring
examples from the text.
3. What is the tragedy of her situation?
4. What paths does she look for in the struggle for happiness?
Katerina's struggle for happiness
- Comment on the illustration
to the work.
- Why is Katerina left alone?
with your grief? Why didn't Boris take her with him?
3. Why didn’t she return to her husband?
- Are Boris and Tikhon worthy of her love?
- Did Katerina have another way out?
except death?
Katerina's struggle for happiness
- Why did Katerina decide to publicly repent of her sin?
2. What role does the thunderstorm scene play?
3. Read the monologue expressively
Katerina in the scene of repentance. Which
the role it plays in revealing the ideological
The meaning of the name of the drama "The Thunderstorm"
Thunderstorm is an elemental force of nature,
scary and not fully understood.
A thunderstorm is a thunderstorm condition
society, a thunderstorm in people's souls.
A thunderstorm is a threat to the departing, but
to the still strong world of boars and wild ones.
Thunderstorm is a Christian belief:
the wrath of God, punishing sins.
Thunderstorm is ripening
new forces in the fight against
old relics of the past.
Finale of the play
- Prove that the development of the action
inevitably leads to a tragic end?
- Could Katerina find happiness in her family? Under what conditions?
- What is the heroine struggling with: a sense of duty or the “dark kingdom”?
- Read Katerina’s last words expressively. Who is to blame for her death?
"Thunderstorm" in Russian criticism
N.A. Dobrolyubov: “Katerina is a ray of light in a dark kingdom.
At the tragic end...a terrible challenge was given to tyrant power.
In Katerina we see a protest against Kabanov’s concepts of
morality, protest brought to the end...” (N.A. Dobrolyubov “A Ray of Light in a Dark Kingdom.”
D.I. Pisarev: “Education and life could not be given to Katerina
no strong character, no developed mind... She cuts
tied knots is suicide, which is completely
unexpected for herself."
(D.I. Pisarev “Motives of Russian Drama”)
What is your opinion and why?
“Ostrovsky Thunderstorm” - Play “Dowry”. A.N. Ostrovsky. The influence of life with the Kabanovs on Katerina. Constant spiritual rebellion. Closedness, disappointment in family life. Condensed retelling. Determination, courage. Moral purity. Kabanikha's cruel attitude. In the play, for the first time, an angry protest against tyranny and family despotism was heard.
“Lightning Strike” - Many peoples made medicines from stones struck by lightning. Lightning bolts were considered messages from the gods in many cultures. Lightning is a serious threat to human life. Lightning damage is possible both on the street and at home. There is a lot of lightning in the anomalous zone on the Medveditskaya ridge in the Volga region. Can lightning lead us astray?
“Ostrovsky Thunderstorm Lesson” - The beginning is Kabanikha’s nitpicking. Tikhon vs. Kabanikha. Main conflict: Katerina and Boris against the “Dark Kingdom”. Ideological and artistic originality of the drama “The Thunderstorm”. The fight against progressive aspirations for the equality of the human person. Genre originality. Boris vs. Dikiy. Curly versus Wild.
“The Thunderstorm Play” - Follow how the motives of sin and death are realized in the text. Motivational organization of drama. A.N. Ostrovsky. Storm. How did you miss the thunderstorm in the poster? Drama image system. Find how the motives of sin and death are implemented in the text. The meaning of the title of A. Ostrovsky’s play “The Thunderstorm”. S. Shevyrev.
“Drama Thunderstorm” - Katerina, remembering her childhood, talks about sewing on velvet with gold. G. N. Fedotova as Katerina. P. A. Strepetova as Katerina. "Storm". Sketch of Varvara's costume for the production of A.N. Ostrovsky's drama "The Thunderstorm". The talented, cheerful actress Kositskaya has always been the soul of society. Fog rises over the river.
“The Thunderstorm of the Twelfth Year” - From August 29, 1812, he was the head of the rearguard (then the vanguard) of the Russian army. "Who helped us here?" Opinion of the historian E.V. Tarle: Military art of commanders. The rise of the people's "war without rules." Multimedia projector, student presentations. Assimilation of Napoleonic experience by 1812 made the Russian army stronger.
1 slide
The history of the creation of the drama "The Thunderstorm".
2 slide
The creation of “The Thunderstorm” was preceded by Ostrovsky’s trip along the Upper Volga, undertaken on instructions from the Maritime Ministry. The result of this trip was Ostrovsky’s diary, which reveals much in his perception of life in the provincial Upper Volga region. “Merya begins from Pereyaslavl,” he writes in his diary, “a land abundant with mountains and waters, and a people who are tall, and beautiful, and intelligent, and frank, and obliging, and a free mind, and a soul wide open.
3 slide
“We are standing on the steepest mountain, the Volga is under our feet, and along it ships go back and forth, sometimes with sails, sometimes in barge haulers, and one charming song haunts us irresistibly... And there is no end to this song... Impressions from the Volga cities and villages , from the most beautiful nature, meetings with interesting people from the people accumulated in the soul of the playwright and poet for a long time before such a masterpiece of his work as “The Thunderstorm” was born.
4 slide
For a long time, it was believed that Ostrovsky took the plot of the drama “The Thunderstorm” from the life of the Kostroma merchants, and the basis of the work was the sensational case of the Klykovs. Until the beginning of the 20th century, many Kostroma residents pointed with sorrow to the site of Katerina’s suicide - a gazebo at the end of a small boulevard, which in those years literally hung over the Volga. They also pointed to the house where she lived.
5 slide
A.P. Klykova was extradited at the age of sixteen to a gloomy merchant family, consisting of old parents, a son and a daughter. The mistress of the house, a stern Old Believer, forced her young daughter-in-law to do any menial work and refused her requests to see her relatives. At the time of the drama, Klykova was 19 years old. In the past, she was raised by her beloved grandmother, she was a cheerful, lively, cheerful girl. Her young husband, Klykov, a carefree, apathetic man, could not protect his wife from her mother-in-law’s nagging and treated them indifferently. The Klykovs had no children. And then another person stood in Klykova’s way, Maryin, an employee of the post office. Suspicions and scenes of jealousy began. It ended with the fact that on November 10, 1859, the body of A.P. Klykova was found in the Volga. A noisy trial ensued and received widespread publicity.
6 slide
Many years passed before researchers of Ostrovsky’s work established for sure that “The Thunderstorm” was written before the Kostroma merchant Klykova rushed into the Volga. But the very fact of such a coincidence speaks of the brilliant insight of the playwright, who deeply felt the growing dramatic conflict between the old and the new in the merchant life of the Upper Volga, a conflict in which Dobrolyubov saw “something refreshing and encouraging” for a reason.