In 1844, Tolstoy entered Kazan University to study oriental languages, but after three years he abandoned his studies, as he quickly became bored with it. When Tolstoy turned 23, he and his older brother Nikolai left to fight in the Caucasus. During Tolstoy's service, a writer awakens, and he begins his famous cycle - a trilogy, which describes moments from childhood to adolescence. Lev Nikolaevich also writes several autobiographical novels and short stories (such as “Cutting Wood”, “Cossacks”).
Once on his allotment, Lev Nikolaevich creates his own system of pedagogy and opens a school, and also begins to engage in educational activities. Completely fascinated by this type of activity, he goes to Europe to get acquainted with the schools. In 1862, Tolstoy married young Sofya Andreevna Bers - and immediately left with his wife for Yasnaya Polyana, where he was fully occupied with family life and household chores.
But by the autumn of 1863 he began work on his most fundamental work, War and Peace. Then, from 1873 to 1877, the novel Anna Karenina was created. During this period of time, Tolstoy’s worldview was fully formed, which bears the self-explanatory name - “Tolstoyism”, the whole essence of which is well depicted in such works of the writer as “The Kreutzer Sonata”, “What is your faith”, “Confession”.
And in 1899, the novel “Resurrection” was published, which describes the main provisions of the teachings of the brilliant author. Late in the autumn night, Tolstoy, who at that time was 82 years old, secretly leaves Yasnaya Polyana with his attending physician. But on the way, the writer falls ill and gets off the train at the Astapovo Ryazan-Ural station.
The presentation of “Tolstoy” will make the lesson fascinating, capture the attention of schoolchildren and help them better remember important information due to the well-thought-out structure of the material. The slides are adapted for children; with their help, literature classes will become more effective. Not every child perceives new knowledge aurally; some need to consolidate what they hear visually. The presentation about the biography of Tolstoy is filled not only with information about the writer’s life, but it also contains portraits, images, and illustrations. The method of visual consolidation contributes to better assimilation of the material and its consolidation in memory for a long time.
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy is known to everyone for his unique style and written masterpieces. But not only the works arouse increased interest, the writer’s personality is also unique, he had an interesting childhood, which is now mentioned in the process of getting to know the writer’s fate. Tolstoy's life and work are amazing and unusual, and a visual presentation of a fascinating report will help introduce schoolchildren to literary discoveries.
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Biography of Tolstoy 
Pedigree 
Parents 
Childhood 
Manor 
Studies 
Caucasus and Crimean War 
Russo-Turkish War 
Literary activity of the first half of the 1850s 
Literary activity in the second half of the 1850s 
Pedagogical activity 
Life and creative maturity 
Spiritual crisis 
Literary activity of 1880-1890 
Family life 
Spouse 
Children 
Last years 
Death
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Biography of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy
L.N. TOLSTOY (1828-1910). BIOGRAPHY.
L.N. Tolstoy was born on September 9, 1828 on the Yasnaya Polyana estate, near Tula, into a noble family. Without my Yasnaya Polyana, I can hardly imagine Russia and my attitude towards it. Without Yasnaya Polyana, perhaps I see more clearly the general laws necessary for my fatherland... L. TOLSTOY, “Memoirs in the Village”
Princess Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya (1790-1830). Mother of L. Tolstoy. I don’t remember my mother at all. I was one and a half years old when she died... everything I know about her is wonderful... L. Tolstoy “Memoirs”
Count Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy (1795-1837). Father of L. Tolstoy. The first place...occupies, although not in terms of influence on me, but in terms of my feelings for him,... is my father. L. Tolstoy “Memoirs”
In 1851, L. Tolstoy went to the Caucasus and volunteered for artillery. Finally today I received the order to go to my battery, I am a 4th class fireworksman. You won't believe how much pleasure this gives me. L. Tolstoy - T. A. Ergolskaya. January 3, 1852
At twenty-six years old, I came to St. Petersburg after the war and became friends with writers. They accepted me as their own... L. Tolstoy “Confession” A group of writers from the Sovremennik magazine. L.N. Tolstoy, D.V. Grigorovich, I.A. Goncharov, I.S. Turgenev, A.V. Druzhinin, A.N. Ostrovsky. From a photograph of 1856.
SOFIA ANDREEVNA BERS In 1862, L. Tolstoy married the daughter of a doctor. The choice has long been made. Literature-art, pedagogy and family. L. Tolstoy, Diary, October 6, 1863 She is a serious assistant to me. L. Tolstoy - A. A. Fetu. May 15, 1863
L.N. Tolstoy opened 26 public schools, where 9,000 children studied. When I enter the school and see this crowd of ragged, dirty, thin children, with their bright eyes and so often angelic expressions, I am overcome with anxiety, the horror that I would feel at the sight of drowning people... I want education for the people... to save those drowning Pushkins,... Lomonosovs. And they swarm in every school. L. Tolstoy - A. A. Tolstoy. December 1874
TOLSTOY, TOLSTOY! This is... not a person, but a HUMANITY, JUPITER. Maxim Gorky TOLSTOY is truly a huge artist, the kind that has been born for centuries, and his work is crystal clear, bright and beautiful. V. G. Korolenko... There is no person more worthy of the name of genius, more complex, contradictory and beautiful in everything... A. P. Chekhov
MUSEUM-ESTATE OF L. N. TOLSTOY “KHAMOVNIKI”
TOLSTOY died...But in his inheritance there is something that has not become a thing of the past, that belongs to the future. Demonstration in St. Petersburg regarding the death of L. N. Tolstoy. 1910 The grave of L.N. Tolstoy in Yasnaya Polyana.
STATE MUSEUM OF L.N. TOLSTOY IN MOSCOW
FOR MANY YEARS A SEVERE AND TRUTHFUL VOICE SOUND, CONVICTING EVERYONE AND EVERYTHING; HE TOLD US ABOUT RUSSIAN LIFE ALMOST AS MUCH AS ALL THE REST OF OUR LITERATURE. The historical significance of Tolstoy’s work... is the result of everything that Russian society experienced during the entire 19th century, and his books will remain for centuries as a monument to the hard work done by a GENIUS... M. GORKY
Slide 1
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy.
(1828-1910)
Slide 2
Origin
A representative of the count branch of the Tolstoy noble family, descended from Peter's associate P. A. Tolstoy. The writer had extensive family connections in the world of the highest aristocracy.
Slide 3
Childhood
“Happy, happy, irrevocable time of childhood! How can I love or cherish the memories of her? These memories refresh, elevate my soul and serve as a source of pleasure for me...
Leo Tolstoy was born on August 28, 1828 in the Krapivensky district of the Tula province, on his mother’s hereditary estate - Yasnaya Polyana. He was the fourth child in the family. His mother, née Princess Volkonskaya, died when Tolstoy was not yet two years old.
Slide 4
But from the stories of family members, he had a good idea of “her spiritual appearance”: some of his mother’s traits (brilliant education, sensitivity to art, a penchant for reflection. Tolstoy’s father, a participant in the Patriotic War, was remembered by the writer for his good-natured, mocking character, love of reading, and hunting (died early (1837)).
Slide 5
The children were raised by a distant relative, T. A. Ergolskaya, who had a huge influence on Tolstoy: “she taught me the spiritual pleasure of love.” Childhood memories always remained the most joyful for Tolstoy: family legends, first impressions of the life of a noble estate served as rich material for his works, and were reflected in the autobiographical story “Childhood.”
Slide 6
Kazan University
When Tolstoy was 13 years old, the family moved to Kazan, to the house of a relative and guardian of the children, P. I. Yushkova. In 1844, Tolstoy entered Kazan University at the Department of Oriental Languages, Faculty of Philosophy. Then he transferred to the Faculty of Law, where he studied for less than two years: his studies did not arouse any keen interest in him and he passionately indulged in social entertainment.
Slide 7
In the spring of 1847, having submitted a request for dismissal from the university “due to poor health and home circumstances,” Tolstoy left for Yasnaya Polyana with the firm intention of studying the entire course of legal sciences (in order to pass the exam as an external student), “practical medicine,” languages, agriculture, history, geographical statistics, write a dissertation and “achieve the highest degree of excellence in music and painting.”
Slide 8
"The stormy life of adolescence"
After a summer in the countryside, disappointed by the unsuccessful experience of managing under new conditions favorable to the serfs (this attempt is depicted in the story “The Morning of the Landowner,” 1857), in the fall of 1847 Tolstoy went first to Moscow, then to St. Petersburg to take candidate exams at the university.
Slide 9
His lifestyle during this period often changed: he spent days preparing and passing exams, he devoted himself passionately to music, he intended to start an official career, he dreamed of joining a horse guards regiment as a cadet. Religious sentiments, reaching the point of asceticism, alternated with carousing, cards, and trips to the gypsies.
Slide 10
In the family he was considered “the most trifling fellow,” and he was able to repay the debts he incurred then only many years later. However, it was precisely these years that were colored by intense introspection and struggle with oneself, which is reflected in the diary that Tolstoy kept throughout his life. At the same time, he had a serious desire to write and the first unfinished artistic sketches appeared.
Slide 11
"War and Freedom"
The Caucasian nature and the patriarchal simplicity of Cossack life, which struck Tolstoy in contrast with the life of the noble circle and with the painful reflection of a person in an educated society, provided material for the autobiographical story “Cossacks” (1852-63). Caucasian impressions were also reflected in the stories “Raid” (1853), “Cutting Wood” (1855), as well as in the later story “Hadji Murat” (1896-1904, published in 1912).
In 1851, his elder brother Nikolai, an officer in the active army, persuaded Tolstoy to go together to the Caucasus. For almost three years, Lev Nikoalaevich Tolstoy lived in a Cossack village on the banks of the Terek, traveling to Kizlyar, Tiflis, Vladikavkaz and participating in hostilities (at first voluntarily, then he was recruited).
Slide 12
Returning to Russia, Tolstoy wrote in his diary that he fell in love with this “wild land, in which the two most opposite things - war and freedom - are so strangely and poetically combined.” In the Caucasus, Tolstoy wrote the story “Childhood” and sent it to the magazine “Sovremennik”, without revealing his name (published in 1852 under the initials L.N.; together with the later stories “Adolescence”, 1852-54, and “Youth”, 1855 -57, compiled an autobiographical trilogy). Tolstoy's literary debut immediately brought real recognition.
Slide 13
Crimean campaign
In 1854, Leo Tolstoy was assigned to the Danube Army in Bucharest. Boring life at the headquarters soon forced him to transfer to the Crimean Army, to besieged Sevastopol, where he commanded a battery on the 4th Bastion, showing rare personal courage (awarded the Order of St. Anne and medals).
Slide 14
Tolstoy was captured by new impressions and literary plans (he was going to publish a magazine for soldiers, among other things); here he began to write a series of “Sevastopol stories”, which were soon published and had enormous success (even Alexander II read the essay “Sevastopol in December”.
The first works amazed literary critics with the boldness of psychological analysis and a detailed picture of the “dialectics of the soul” (N. G. Chernyshevsky).
Slide 15
Some of the ideas that appeared during these years make it possible to discern in the young artillery officer the late Tolstoy the preacher: he dreamed of “founding a new religion” - “the religion of Christ, but purified of faith and mystery, a practical religion.”
Slide 16
Among writers
After the end of the Crimean War, Tolstoy left the army and returned to Russia. Arriving home, the author enjoyed great popularity on the literary scene of St. Petersburg.
Slide 17
In November 1855, L. Tolstoy arrived in St. Petersburg and immediately entered the Sovremennik circle (Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov and others), where he was greeted as “the great hope of Russian literature” (Nekrasov) .
Slide 18
“These people disgusted me, and I disgusted myself.”
Tolstoy took part in dinners and readings, in the establishment of the Literary Fund, became involved in disputes and conflicts among writers, but felt like a stranger in this environment, which he described in detail later in “Confession” (1879-82):
Slide 19
Abroad
In the fall of 1856, Tolstoy, having retired, left for Yasnaya Polyana, and in 1857, declaring himself an anarchist, he left for Paris. Once there, he lost all his money and was forced to return home to Russia.
Slide 20
He visited France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany (Swiss impressions are reflected in the story “Lucerne”), returned to Moscow in the fall, then to Yasnaya Polyana.
Slide 21
Folk school
Returning to Russia in 1862, Tolstoy published the first of 12 issues of the thematic magazine Yasnaya Polyana. That same year he married the daughter of a doctor named Sofya Andreevna Bers.
Slide 22
In 1859, Leo Tolstoy opened a school for peasant children in the village, helped set up more than 20 schools in the vicinity of Yasnaya Polyana, and this activity fascinated Tolstoy so much that in 1860 he went abroad for the second time to get acquainted with the schools of Europe.
Slide 23
Tolstoy outlined his own ideas in special articles, arguing that the basis of education should be “the freedom of the student” and the rejection of violence in teaching.
In 1862 he published the pedagogical magazine “Yasnaya Polyana” with books for reading as an appendix, which became in Russia the same classic examples of children's and folk literature as those compiled by him in the early 1870s. "ABC" and "New ABC".
Slide 24
Turning point (1880s)
The course of the revolution that took place in the consciousness of Leo Tolstoy was reflected in artistic creativity, primarily in the experiences of the heroes, in the spiritual insight that refracts their lives.
These characters occupy a central place in the stories “The Death of Ivan Ilyich” (1884-86), “The Kreutzer Sonata” (1887-89, published in Russia in 1891), “Father Sergius” (1890-98, published in 1912), the drama “ Living Corpse" (1900, unfinished, published in 1911), in the story "After the Ball" (1903, published in 1911).
Slide 25
The writer’s new worldview is reflected in “Confession.” In general, he “felt that what he stood on had given way, that what he had lived on was no longer there.” The natural result was the thought of suicide: “I, a happy man, hid the cord from myself so as not to hang myself on the crossbar between the cabinets in my room, where I was alone every day, undressing, and stopped going hunting with a gun so as not to be too tempted an easy way to rid yourself of life. “I myself didn’t know what I wanted: I was afraid of life, I tried to get away from it and, meanwhile, I hoped for something else from it,” Tolstoy wrote.
Slide 26
Lev Nikolaevich sought the meaning of life in the study of philosophy, in getting to know the results of the exact sciences. He tried to simplify as much as possible, to live a life close to nature and agricultural life.
Slide 27
Gradually, Tolstoy abandons the whims and comforts of a rich life (simplification), does a lot of physical labor, dresses in simple clothes, becomes a vegetarian, gives his entire large fortune to his family, and renounces literary property rights.
Slide 28
On the basis of a sincere desire for moral improvement, the third period of Tolstoy’s literary activity is being created, the distinctive feature of which is the denial of all established forms of state, social and religious life.
Slide 32
In the late autumn of 1910, at night, secretly from his family, 82-year-old Tolstoy, accompanied only by his personal doctor D.P. Makovitsky, left Yasnaya Polyana.
Letter from L.N. Tolstoy left for his wife before leaving Yasnaya Polyana. 1910 October 28. Yasnaya Polyana. My departure will upset you. I regret this, but understand and believe that I could not have done otherwise. My situation in the house is becoming, has become, unbearable. Besides everything else, I can no longer live in the conditions of luxury in which I lived, and I do what old people of my age usually do: they leave worldly life to live in solitude and silence the last days of their lives. Please understand this and don't follow me if you find out where I am. Your arrival will only worsen your and my situation, but will not change my decision. I thank you for your honest 48-year life with me and ask you to forgive me for everything that I was guilty of before you, just as I sincerely forgive you for everything that you could be guilty of before me. I advise you to make peace with the new position in which my departure puts you, and not to have any ill feelings against me. If you want to tell me anything, tell Sasha, she will know where I am and will send me what I need; she cannot say where I am, because I made her promise not to tell this to anyone. Lev Tolstoy. 28 of October. I instructed Sasha to collect my things and manuscripts and send them to me. L.T.
The word is a great thing. Great because with a word you can unite people, with a word you can separate them, with a word you can serve love, but with a word you can serve enmity and hatred. Beware of such a word that divides people. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy
Biography of Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1828 - 1910)
PEDIGREE
Great-grandfather Andrei Ivanovich served as president of the Chief Moscow Magistrate. His two sons served the Fatherland: Pyotr Andreevich - an associate of Peter I, Ilya Andreevich - an officer of the Preobrazhensky Regiment. He married the daughter of the Minister of War, Pelageya Nikolaevna Gorchakova.
The son of Ilya Andreevich, Nikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, a participant in the War of 1812, in 1820 married Maria Nikolaevna Volkonskaya, the daughter of a retired general close to Catherine II. The family had children Nikolai, Sergei, Dmitry, Lev (August 28, 1828) and Maria
CHILDHOOD
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy was born in Yasnaya Polyana on August 28, 1828. When Lyovushka was 2 years old, her mother died. The closest person was a distant relative of Pelageya Nikolaevna’s grandmother, Tatyana Aleksandrovna Ergolskaya.
STUDIES
Moving to Kazan in 1841. Here in 1844 L. Tolstoy entered Kazan University. He attends classes at the Faculty of Philosophy (Department of Arabic-Turkish Literature) for a year and at Law for two years. In 1847, L.N. Tolstoy left the University
THE CAUCASUS AND THE CRIMINAL WAR
In 1851, together with his older brother Nikolai L. Tolstoy, he left for the Caucasus to join the active army, where he served first as a volunteer and then as a junior artillery officer.
With the beginning of the Russian-Turkish War, L. Tolstoy submits a memo on his transfer to the Danube Army. As an artillery officer of the fourth bastion, he participated in the defense of Sevastopol. He returned home at the end of 1855 with the Order of St. Anne “For Bravery” and medals “For the Defense of Sevastopol.”
Literary activity of the first half of the 1850s.
1852 - the story “Childhood”, published in Sovremennik, later “Adolescence” (1854) and “Youth” (1856) were published in it. In 1855, L. Tolstoy completed work on “Sevastopol Stories”
Literary activity of the second half of the 50s.
Returning from Sevastopol, Leo Tolstoy plunged into the literary environment of St. Petersburg. In 1857 and 1860-61, L.N. Tolstoy made foreign trips to European countries. However, I did not find peace of mind here. 1857 – stories “Albert”, “From the Notes of Prince Nekhlyudov”, story “Lucerne” 1859 – story “Three Deaths”
Pedagogical activity
Back in 1849, L.N. Tolstoy began classes with peasant children. In 1859 he opened a school in Yasnaya Polyana. In 1872, L. Tolstoy wrote “The ABC,” which was published 28 times during the writer’s lifetime.
Life and creative maturity (1860-1870s)
1863-69 – “War and Peace” 1873-77 – “Anna Karenina”. According to the writer, in the first work, “folk thought” was dear to him, in the second, “family thought.” Soon after publication, both novels were translated into foreign languages.
SPIRITUAL CRISIS
1882 The autobiographical work “Confession” was completed: “I renounced the life of our circle...” In 1880-1890, Leo Tolstoy created a number of religious works in which he outlined his understanding of Christian doctrine. In 1901, the Holy Synod excommunicated Leo Tolstoy from the church.
Literary activity of 1880-1890
At the beginning of the 1889s, Leo Tolstoy’s views on art changed significantly. He came to the conclusion that he should write not “for the masters”, but for “Ignatius and their children” 1889-1899 - “Resurrection” 1886 - “The Death of Ivan Ilyich” 1887-89 “Kreutzer Sonata” 1896 1904 - “Hadji Murat » 1903 – “After the Ball”
FAMILY LIFE
In 1862, Lev Nikolaevich married the daughter of a Moscow doctor, Sofya Andreevna Bers. After the wedding, the newlyweds immediately leave for Yasnaya Polyana.
Sofya Andreevna in Yasnaya Polyana for many years becomes the housekeeper, secretary of her husband, teacher of children and keeper of the hearth.
Of the 13 children, seven survived. (In the photo: Mikhail, Lev Nikolaevich, Vanechka, Lev, Sasha, Andrey, Tatyana, Sofya Andreevna, Maria) Two losses were especially noticeable: the death of the last child Vanechka (1895) and the writer’s beloved daughter Maria (1906).
Last years.
Relations with his wife and children were tense. They finally deteriorated after a secretly written will, according to which the family was deprived of the right to the literary heritage of the writer.
On the night of October 27-28, 1910, Leo Tolstoy secretly left his home and went to the south of Russia, where he planned to stay with peasant friends. He died in the house of the head of the Astapovo station on November 7, 1910 at 6:50 am.