"Morning in pine forest" - painting by Russian artists Ivan Shishkin and Konstantin Savitsky. Savitsky painted the bears, but the collector Pavel Tretyakov erased his signature, so Shishkin is often credited as the author of the painting.
The painting is popular due to the compositional inclusion of animalistic elements in the landscape canvas. The painting conveys in detail the state of nature seen by the artist on Gorodomlya Island. What is shown is not a dense dense forest, but sunlight, breaking through the columns of tall trees. You can feel the depth of the ravines, the power of centuries-old trees, the sunlight seems to timidly peek into this dense forest. The frolicking cubs feel the approach of morning.
Presumably, the idea for the painting was suggested to Shishkin by Savitsky, who later acted as a co-author and depicted the figures of the bear cubs (based on Shishkin’s sketches). These bears, with some differences in poses and numbers (at first there were two of them), appear in preparatory drawings and sketches (for example, the State Russian Museum contains seven versions pencil sketches Shishkin). Savitsky turned out the animals so well that he even signed the painting together with Shishkin. Savitsky himself told his family: “The painting was sold for 4 thousand, and I am a participant in the 4th share.”
Having acquired the painting, Tretyakov removed Savitsky’s signature, leaving the authorship behind Shishkin, because in the painting, Tretyakov said, “from concept to execution, everything speaks about the manner of painting, about creative method, characteristic of Shishkin."
In the gallery inventory, initially (during the lives of the artists Shishkin and Savitsky), the painting was listed under the title “Bear Family in the Forest” (and without indicating Savitsky’s surname).
Russian prose writer and publicist V. M. Mikheev wrote the following words in 1894:
Look into this gray fog of the forest distance, into the “Bear Family in the Forest”... and you will understand what kind of forest expert, what a strong objective artist you are dealing with. And if something in his paintings interferes with the integrity of your impression, it won’t be the details of the forest, but, for example, the figures of bears, the interpretation of which makes you want a lot and spoils a lot big picture where the artist placed them. Obviously, the master forest specialist is not nearly as good at depicting animals.
Reproductions of “Morning in a Pine Forest” were widely circulated in the USSR. However, this began even before the revolution, in particular, since the 19th century, reproductions have been reproduced on wrappers chocolates"Teddy Bear." Thanks to this, the picture is well known among the people, often under the name “Three Bears” (although there are four bears in the picture). Because of such candy-wrapped circulation, the picture began to be perceived in Soviet and post-Soviet languages. cultural space as an element of kitsch.
Ivan Shishkin is not only "Morning in a Pine Forest", but this picture has its own interesting story. Let's start with who actually drew these bears?
In the Tretyakov Gallery they are called “notebooks”. Because they are small and shabby, with signatures - a student of Shishkin or simply “Sha”. They don’t leaf through it too much - even something so plain-looking in appearance there is no price for them. Of the seven, one is empty - half a century ago former owner sold it into private hands. Tearing off one leaf at a time. It was more expensive that way. Inside are sketches of future masterpieces and... refutations of idle gossip - now try to prove that Shishkin painted only forests...
Nina Markova Sr. researcher Tretyakov Gallery: “The talk that Shishkin did not know how to draw animals, human figures is a myth! Let’s start with the fact that Shishkin studied with an animal painter, so cows and sheep all came out great for him.”
Even during the artist’s lifetime, this animal theme became a burning issue for art connoisseurs. Feel the difference, they said - a pine forest and two bears. Barely distinguishable. This is Shishkin's hand. And here is another pine forest and two signatures below. One is almost worn out.
This is the only case of so-called co-authorship, art historians say - morning in a pine forest. These cheerful bears inside the painting were not painted by Shishkin, but by his friend and colleague, the artist Savitsky. It’s so wonderful that I decided to sign the work together with Ivan Shishkin. However, the Tretyakov collector ordered Savitsky’s signature to be removed - bears are by no means the main characters of the painting by the artist Shishkin, he considered.
They actually worked together often. And only the bear quartet is literally a work of discord in the long-term friendship of the artists. The relatives of Konstantin Savitsky have an alternative version of the disappearance of the signature - allegedly Shishkin received the entire fee for Savitsky’s plan.
Evelina Polishchuk, senior researcher at the Tretyakov Gallery, relative of Konstantin Savitsky: “There was such resentment and he erased his signature and said “I don’t need anything,” although he had 7 children.”
“If I weren’t an artist, I would have become a botanist,” the artist, who was already called that by his students, repeated many times. He strongly recommended that they examine the object through a magnifying glass or take a photograph in order to remember it - he did this himself, here are his devices. And only then did he transfer it onto paper with precision down to a pine needle.
Galina Churak, head of department at the Tretyakov Gallery: " Home work I was on location in the summer and spring, and he brought hundreds of sketches to St. Petersburg, where he worked on large canvases in the fall and winter.”
He scolded his friend Repin for his rafts in the paintings, saying that it was impossible to understand what kind of tree logs they were made of. It’s either matter - Shishkin forest - “oaks” or “pine”. But according to Lermontov’s motives - in the wild north. Each picture has its own face - rye is Rus', wide, grain-producing. The pine forest is our wild denseness. He doesn't have a single rep. These landscapes are like people different. Over the course of my life, there are almost eight hundred portraits of nature.
It just so happened that for the packaging of the “Teddy Bear” sweets and their analogues a century ago, designers chose a painting by Shishkin and Savitsky. And if Shishkin is known for his forest landscapes, then Savitsky is remembered by the general public exclusively for his bears.With rare exceptions, the subject of Shishkin's paintings (if you look at this issue broadly) is one - nature. Ivan Ivanovich is an enthusiastic, loving contemplator. And the viewer becomes an eyewitness to the painter’s meeting with his native expanses.
Shishkin was an extraordinary expert on the forest. He knew everything about trees of different species and noticed errors in the drawing. During plein airs, the artist’s students were ready to literally hide in the bushes, just so as not to hear criticism in the spirit of “Such a birch cannot exist” or “these pine trees are fake.”
As for people and animals, they occasionally appeared in Ivan Ivanovich’s paintings, but they were more of a background than an object of attention. “Morning in a Pine Forest” is perhaps the only painting where bears compete with the forest. For this, thanks to one of Shishkin’s best friends - the artist Konstantin Savitsky.
The idea for the painting was suggested to Shishkin by Savitsky, who later acted as a co-author and depicted the figures of the bear cubs. These bears, with some differences in poses and numbers (at first there were two of them), appear in the preparatory drawings and sketches. Savitsky turned out the animals so well that he even signed the painting together with Shishkin. Savitsky himself told his family: “The painting was sold for 4 thousand, and I am a participant in the 4th share.”
“Morning in a Pine Forest” is a painting by Russian artists Ivan Shishkin and Konstantin Savitsky. Savitsky painted the bears, but the collector Pavel Tretyakov erased his signature, so Shishkin is often credited as the author of the painting.
The painting conveys in detail the state of nature seen by the artist on Gorodomlya Island. What is shown is not a dense dense forest, but sunlight breaking through the columns of tall trees. You can feel the depth of the ravines, the power of centuries-old trees, the sunlight seems to timidly peek into this dense forest. The frolicking cubs feel the approach of morning.
Portrait of Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1832-1898) by I. N. Kramskoy. 1880
Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky
(1844 - 1905)
Photo.
Genre painting in all eras was considered the most vivid reflection of people's lives and the reality around them. That is why the interest of spectators in this species has always been so excessively great. fine arts. And today I would like to show readers a magnificent gallery of subject paintings by the famous Russian Itinerant artist Konstantin Savitsky, who gave his descendants a piece of the history of Russia in the 19th century. And also tell about legendary history co-authorship with Ivan Shishkin, which Pavel Tretyakov personally canceled.
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And, remembering this talented master, one cannot help but mention one sensitive story from his life. Many people know that Savitsky is the author of the famous bears depicted in Shishkin’s canvas “Morning in a Pine Forest.” Initially, even in the corner of the canvas there were two autographs - Shishkin and Savitsky. However, the name of the second author was erased with his own hand by Pavel Tretyakov, who bought “Morning” for his gallery.
https://static.kulturologia.ru/files/u21941/219417441.jpg" alt="Hunter.
And the incident with the removal of the second autograph most likely occurred due to the fact that when purchasing the painting, Tretyakov saw only Shishkin’s signature, while Savitsky signed it a little later. Therefore, when the painting was delivered to the gallery, the indignant patron of the arts ordered turpentine to be brought and erased the second signature with his own hand. This act of Tretyakov did not in any way affect the friendship of the two artists. Ivan Shishkin then gave a quarter of the fee, that is, the amount of a thousand rubles, to Savitsky for co-authorship.
https://static.kulturologia.ru/files/u21941/219416499.jpg" alt="Dark people.
During that difficult period in his friend’s life, Ivan Ivanovich made an entry in his diary, noting that providence makes the artist suffer, nurturing God’s gift in him. And this was true. In his life, Konstantin Apollonovich had to experience the bitterness of loss more than once, but his favorite work always saved him.
A few pages from the artist's biography
Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky (1844-1905) was a man of exceptional intelligence and talent, a brilliant Russian genre realist painter, academician, member of the Association of Mobile Travelers art exhibitions, first director of Penza art school. He had the opportunity to live and work in an era of political and social troubles, which was directly reflected in his works.
Strong, memorable images ordinary people from the people - peasants, workers and soldiers - became the main characters of his works.
https://static.kulturologia.ru/files/u21941/219417709.jpg" alt=" “Requiem service on the 9th day at the cemetery.” (1885). Author: K.A. Savitsky." title=""Requiem service on the 9th day at the cemetery." (1885).
By that time, Konstantin was definitely dreaming of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, and three years later he left the boarding school and entered the class as a volunteer historical painting. However, he was forced to leave almost immediately after admission. This was due to the insufficient preparation of the gifted young man, who aspired to become a real painter.
Two years of persistent self-study and Savitsky is again a student at the Academy. Now a talented young artist successfully masters the academic course and very soon becomes one of the best students of the academy, having received competition works six silver and one gold medal.
https://static.kulturologia.ru/files/u21941/219417940.jpg" alt=" “To war.” (1888).
Returning to St. Petersburg in 1883, Savitsky began teaching activities at school technical drawing in St. Petersburg, then at the Moscow School, and finally moved to Penza, where he became the first director of a painting gallery and city art school. And it should be noted that in this position the painter proved himself to be a very professional manager. Konstantin Apollonovich personally developed a curriculum for his students, who, as a result of their training, received excellent preparation that allowed the best graduates of the school to be admitted to the Academy of Arts without entrance exams.
In the picture famous artist I. I. Shishkin depicts an early morning in the forest. The pine forest is awakening from sleep, the sun has not yet fully come out and has not yet had time to warm up the clearing. Tall green pines are shrouded in thick fog.
The mother bear and three brown bear cubs had already woken up and went out to frolic in the forest clearing. The clubfooted bear cubs, still very small, climbed onto a huge fallen tree. It was uprooted from the ground, apparently after a recent hurricane.
One, the most agile bear cub, climbed to the very top of the broken trunk. He watches the second bear cub, who sat down in the middle of the trunk and looks at the bear. The third, apparently the smallest of them, stands on another broken part of a mighty tree, his gaze directed deep into the forest.
A large, brown bear closely monitors the mischievous cubs. She knows that the forest is fraught with many dangers and is ready to protect her children at any time.
When you look at a picture, it’s as if you are immersed in it. You feel the cool breath of the green forest, hear the forest rustles and sounds made by animals, birds and insects.
The plot of the film turned out to be lively and quite realistic. Wildlife delights, and funny little bear cubs touch and make you want to be in the clearing and play with them.
Essay on the painting Morning in a Pine Forest by Shishkin
In front of me is a creation by I. Shishkin “Morning in a Pine Forest” (sometimes called “Morning in pine forest"). This painting can truly be called the most the most famous masterpiece, because everyone, both children and adults, undoubtedly knows this beautiful picture.
With unprecedented trepidation, care and tenderness, the artist masterfully painted every needle of the mighty pine trees, every root and twig. Inspired by the power and grandeur of nature, he breathed into his creation the unprecedented realism and magic of an ordinary forest morning.
The painting depicts the morning hours in a pine thicket. Nature is just waking up after a cool night, cold dew has fallen on the grass and trees, the air is clean and fresh. The air is still cold, but it’s about to warm up, and the smell of rotten grass and pine needles will spread throughout the forest. Surely the day will be hot, and therefore this cool morning is truly wonderful.
There is silence in the gloomy forest, only occasionally the cry of an early bird cuts through the wilderness.
Giant pine trees, majestically reaching into the sky, greet the first rays of sunshine sliding across the treetops with their bushy branches. Sunrise is the awakening and beginning of a new day. And all of nature is looking forward to his arrival.
Warm golden and yellow shades are mesmerizing, contrasting brightly with the dark palette of the gloomy forest, which creates the image of a mysterious mysterious forest, as if stepped out of the pages of Russian folk tales. Muted, calm tones do not irritate the eyes, but rather delight the eye.
In the center of the picture are the main characters, without whom the painting would lose its charm.
The she-bear and her three brave cubs, having woken up with the first rays of the sun, are already in full swing in the forest, prowling in search of food.
Mischievous kids started a game - they jump and climb on a fallen pine tree trunk, as if they were playing tag. The furry animals look completely defenseless, but under the supervision of their vigilant mother, they are safe. Huge fallen trees, like heroes defeated in battle, lie high with their gnarled thick roots raised up, showing their former strength and power with all their appearance.
The brown mother grumbles with displeasure, trying to pacify the naughty child, but the nimble little hooligans do not take their mother’s angry growls seriously.
Looking at the picture, it’s as if you are inhaling the aroma of the forest, its pine freshness, you feel the shady coolness of the forest, you hear the rustle of the breeze, the cracking of branches under the strong paws of animals.
Together with the inspired creator, imbued with the beauty of Russian nature, the viewer will involuntarily hold his breath, amazed by the deep mystery of life and joy that radiates from the landscape.
This essay is assigned in grades 2, 5, 3, 7.
Essay “Morning in a pine forest” based on Shishkin’s painting, grade 5
You’ve probably been familiar with Shishkin’s painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” since childhood. Even if you are not deeply interested in art, almost everyone is familiar with this picture, thanks to its image on the candy. A mother bear with three cubs against the backdrop of a pine forest.
Shishkin’s idea was suggested to him by his friend, also an artist. And he even had a hand in adding bears to the landscape. They turned out so well that both artists signed the painting. However, Tretyakov, who later acquired this painting, left only Shishkin’s signature and covered up the second signature. Considering that the main style of writing is still closer in spirit to Shishkin.
And, indeed, Shishkin very accurately conveyed the general atmosphere of the awakening forest. We can observe the rays of the rising morning sun, which just touches the treetops. In the depths of the picture, the forest is shrouded in morning fog. And its lightness and airiness conveys to the observer the freshness that is usually still present at this time of day.
In the foreground is a whole bear family. A mother bear and three little bear cubs frolicking on a large fallen tree. It can be assumed that they just crawled out of the den after a night's sleep. They are not yet so playful and sleepy, but the mother does not sleep and watches the area and her pets, growling a little at her careless offspring.
The picture is very positive both in its motif and colors. The artist very accurately conveyed the atmosphere of awakening nature.
2nd grade, 5th grade.
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