What world maps look like in different countries. In general, Australian laws may not be followed, the main thing is to communicate this in small print

IN different countries- Russia, Europe, USA, China, Australia, Chile, South Africa - world maps are very different. It all depends on 1) how to center the map relative to West and East; 2) how to center the map relative to North and South; 3) what projection method to use.

1. World map for Russia

The vertical axis of the world (centering the West and the East) passes through Moscow. Both America and Australia find themselves on the periphery of the world. The Pacific Ocean is not perceived as a coherent space.

2. World map for Europe

The vertical axis of the world passes through London. As with the Russian map, here both America and Australia find themselves on the periphery of the world, and the Pacific Ocean is not perceived as an integral space. Additionally, the equator (centering Server and South) is shifted to the bottom half of the map, making Africa, South America, and Australia appear smaller in relation to North America and Eurasia than they actually are.

3. World map for the USA

The vertical axis of the world passes through the USA. America turns out to be an “island” washed by the Pacific Ocean from the west and Atlantic Ocean from the east. As in European map, here the equator is shifted to the lower half of the map, which makes the dimensions North America and Eurasia are much larger in relation to size South America, Africa and Australia than in reality. In addition, the perception of Russia, India and China becomes more complicated for an American: these countries are present to an American twice - in the west and in the east.

4. World map for China

On its map, China is located on the western coast of the Pacific Ocean. All continents have access to this ocean, except Africa and Europe, which thus find themselves on the periphery of the world.

5. World map for Australia

There is a general stereotype that what is above dominates, and what is below is in a subordinate position. Australians not only draw the vertical axis of the world through their continent, but also place it on top of all others, turning the map 180 degrees. Like the United States, they find themselves as an island lying between three oceans: the Pacific, Indian and Southern. Antarctica, hidden at the very bottom on all other maps, is beginning to play another important role.

6. World map for South Africa

South Africa similarly, Australia appears at the top rather than at the bottom of the map, making it perceived as a country that dominates all others. South Africa turns out to be a peninsula wedged between two oceans: the Indian and Atlantic. The Pacific region and Russia are moving to the periphery of the world.

7. World map for Chile

This world map was developed by order of the Military Geographical Institute with the aim of further implementation in school textbooks. Similar to the Australian map, this one is also upside down, giving Chile an immediate dominant position in the world. The Pacific Ocean is in the center of the map, and this is directly related to the stated policy of modern Chile, which wants to become one of the important business centers in the Pacific region. In this regard, Chile is somewhat similar to China. In the same way, Africa and Europe find themselves on the periphery of the world.

Since childhood we have seen maps of the world, we are shown them at school, thereby creating in children an idea of ​​what our planet looks like, what countries are on it and where they are located. All this is correct and good, but a flat map is still only a conditional and often quite distorted flat image of the round world.

And it turns out that many people build a personal attitude towards the real world, focusing on the stereotypes reflected in the cards. Suddenly it turns out that there are countries that dominate the world map, as if they are in its center, and there are other countries, they are on the periphery and play a subordinate role.

Next we will show you that world maps in different countries (Russia, USA, China, Europe, Australia, South Africa, Chile) differ from each other. And this depends on the map maker, who proceeds from three conditions:

• How should such a map be centered in relation to the South and North?
• How to center it in relation to the East and West.
• What projection method should be used?

Centering East and West, that is, on the map - the vertical axis of the world here passes through Moscow. On the periphery there are two Americas and Australia. Huge water pool The Pacific Ocean is not defined as a homogeneous space.

Here the vertical axis of the whole world goes clearly through London. As in the case of Russia, the two Americas and Australia seem to recede to the periphery, and the Pacific Ocean is again not displayed as an integral entity. Further, the equator is slightly shifted towards the bottom of the map (centering the South and North). And it turns out that Australia, South America and Africa become much smaller in comparison with Eurasia and North America than in reality.

As you might guess, the axis of the world (vertical) goes clearly through the United States. If you look closely at this map, you will notice that America is like an “island”, which is washed by the Atlantic Ocean from the east and the Pacific Ocean from the west. The equator, like on the map of Europe, is shifted downwards, so Eurasia and North America appear much larger than Australia, Africa and South America. It also makes it difficult for Americans to properly perceive the size and shape of Russia, China and India on the map, because they seem to be torn apart and present twice - in the east and in the west.

The Chinese made their map in such a way that their country was on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean itself. And it turns out that almost all continents face the Pacific Ocean, with the exception of Europe and Africa. Accordingly, Africa and Europe on the Chinese map are the periphery of the world.

There is a general stereotype in the world that everything that is located above is in a dominant position, and everything below is, as it were, in a subordinate position. So, the Australian world map is different in that the vertical axis of the world goes through their continent. Moreover, the Australians also turn the world map 180 degrees. And then they, like the USA, become an island between 3 oceans: the Southern, Indian and Pacific. Here, on the stage, an important role is assigned to Antarctica, which on all other maps is “pushed” down.

Like Australia, South Africa is placed at the top of its map, as if it dominates all other countries. South Africa occupies the position of a peninsula, which seems to be wedged between the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Russia, like the Pacific region, finds itself on the periphery of the world.

In the Chilean map, their country also dominates the world because just like the Australian map, the Chile map is also upside down. Therefore, the Pacific Ocean occupies a central place on it. And this is not without reason; the fact is that the policy of this country has long been claiming to be the most important business center in the Pacific Ocean region. Here you can compare Chile with China - Europe and Africa are on the periphery on the map. It must be said that a map of this type was developed at the direction of the Military Institute of Geography in order to print it in school textbooks in the future.

Since childhood, we all study maps of the world at school, which form our understanding of how it works. However, flat maps depict the world only conditionally, so our vision is sometimes somewhat distorted. We have an opinion about which countries are in the central part and have a dominant role, and which are located closer to the periphery.

But in different countries, world maps are presented differently. Each creator of geographic maps himself chooses how to center it relative to parts of the world and which projection method to use. Let's look at world maps that are used in different countries.

Russia

In Russia on geographical map The axis of the world is centered relative to the west and east and runs through Moscow. It turns out that Australia, North and South America are on the periphery, and the Pacific Ocean is not regarded as a single space.

Europe

On maps of Europe, the world axis intersects, therefore. with the Americas also shown on the periphery, and the Pacific Ocean does not look integral. The equator is shifted to the lower half of the map, which is why Africa appears much smaller compared to North America and Eurasia.

USA

Here the axis of the world passes through the United States, and it turns out that America looks like an “island”, washed by the Pacific Ocean in the west and the Atlantic in the east. Like European maps, the equator here is also located in the lower half of the map and visually increases the size of Eurasia and North America. In addition, it becomes more difficult for Americans to perceive Russia, China and India, since they are divided into two halves: one in the west, the other in the east.

China

In the Chinese variation, their country on the map is located on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean. It turns out that this ocean washes all continents with the exception of Eurasia and Africa, they are brought to the periphery of the world.

Australia

On the Australian world map, the vertical axis is drawn through Australia, so it is in the center, and the map is flipped 180 degrees. Like the United States, the mainland becomes an island located between the Indian, Pacific and Southern oceans. Antarctica, which is placed at the very bottom on all other maps, begins to play a more important role here, since it appears at the top.

South Africa

Means “entrance to the lakes” - at this place an extensive network of rivers and lakes flows into the ocean, creating ideal conditions for fishing.

Indeed, at the pier in Lakes Entrance there were many fishing trawlers, which immediately sold fresh fish and shrimp. Almost all vacationers in this place in Victoria could see a boat; many hotels have corners with tables for cutting fish.

Well, where there are fish, there are pelicans.

And the fishermen, accordingly...

In general, apart from fish and a couple of beaches, there is nothing special to see in Lakes Entrance, except private maritime museum Griffiths Sea Shell Museum, where you could find tons of various types shells, preserved and dried fish and other sea creatures.

Not far from Lakes Entrance are the Buchan Caves.

Well, after visiting the caves, it was nice to have a glass of local beer at the Bullant Brewery.

We were already in Canberra in 2008, stopping for a couple of days on our way to Sydney. Then we saw that there are many places in the city that can be visited in a few days.

Before leaving Canberra we visited the Australian Parliament building. There were several police officers at the entrance who let visitors through a frame, like at airports. After walking through the halls and offices, visiting the green roof, we moved on...

Consulting group the Economist Intelligence Unit has published its list of the world's best cities, with Melbourne topping it for the second year in a row.

The top ten cities look like this:

Great Ocean Road

We took a trip to the Great Ocean Road last December and just added everything from that trip yesterday.

You can drive the entire road in one day if you leave early in the morning, don’t stop everywhere, and return directly along the highway. To take our time with sightseeing, we stayed for a couple of nights right in the center of the road, in the town of Port Campbell (Summer's Rest Units).

On the first day it was cloudy, so we had to wear jackets, but on the second day the sun came out and it became much more fun.

A few attractions we visited:

Despite s18(1) of the Spam Act 2003 (Cth), I agree and acknowledge that any message Vodafone sends me will not contain an unsubscribe facility. I understand that I can, at any time, opt out of receiving marketing material by contacting Vodafone Customer Care.

In general, Australian laws do not have to be followed, the main thing is to communicate this in small print.

She received the surname Macpherson from her stepfather Neil Macpherson.

Thanks to your perfect proportions body (90-61-89), at the age of 18, Elle signs her first contract with the famous modeling agency Click Model Management.

In 1985, Elle decided to marry photographer and creative director of Elle magazine Gilles Bensimon, who was 20 years older than Macpherson. Thanks to her marriage, Elle appeared in every issue of Elle magazine for six years.

In 1986, Elle made the cover of Time magazine. By that time, she had already been on the covers of magazines such as Cosmopolitan, GQ, Harper's Bazaar, Vogue and Playboy. Elle also appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated six times during her career.

In 1989, MacPherson and Bensimon divorced, and along with her husband, Elle lost her largest employer, Elle magazine. This period in the girl’s career and life is difficult, but Elle pulls herself together and decides to move on.

Elle Macpherson in the movie "On the Edge"

In 1990, the first film starring the famous model, Alice, directed by Woody Allen, was released. Then she plays in several films: “Sirens” (with Hugh Grant), “Batman and Robin” (with George Clooney), “On the Edge” (with Anthony Hopkins) and others.

Also in 1990, Macpherson launched her lingerie line, Elle Macpherson Intimates, which is sold exclusively in Australia.

In 1995, together with her supermodel friends, Elle opened the Fashion Café restaurant chain, which did not become profitable and was closed in 1998.

In 1999, Elle Macpherson starred in five episodes of the popular TV series Friends.

In 2003, Elle was engaged to French financier Arpad Busson, with whom she had two sons, Flynn in 1998 and Cy in 2003.

In 2005, the couple broke up, and today Elle and her children live in London.

Smile!

I read in the local newspaper today about what to do when traveling, and I saw this advice:

Smile. Always smile.

It"ll get you places you wouldn"t believe. From persuading Parisian waiters to speak English to figuring out where the hell you"re supposed to be sitting on that train, a little smile and a good attitude will get you help in no time. NB: There"s an exception to this rule – it "s called Russia. (They"ll think you"re mad.)

In translation:

Smile! Always smile.

This will open up so many new opportunities for you that you never dreamed of. For example, a waiter from Paris suddenly speaks English, or you finally find that fucking seat on the train - just smile a little and act accordingly.

One exception to this rule is Russia. They'll think you're crazy.

The maps of the world that we see from childhood — especially those that are shown to us in school — shape our understanding of how the world works. There would be nothing wrong with this if we did not forget that a flat map is just a conditional and distorted representation of a round world.

However, many of us transfer the stereotypes learned through the map to our personal attitude towards real world. We are beginning to believe that there are countries that play a dominant role in the world, located in its center, and there are those that play a subordinate role, located on its periphery.

As will be seen below, in different countries - Russia, Europe, USA, China, Australia, Chile, South Africa - world maps are very different. It all depends on what the map author chooses in each of the following three conditions: 1) how to center the map relative to West and East; 2) how to center the map relative to North and South; 3) what projection method to use.

World map for Russia

The vertical axis of the world (centering the West and the East) passes through Moscow. Both America and Australia find themselves on the periphery of the world. The Pacific Ocean is not perceived as a coherent space.

World map for Europe

The vertical axis of the world passes through London. As with the Russian map, here both America and Australia find themselves on the periphery of the world, and the Pacific Ocean is not perceived as an integral space. Additionally, the equator (centering North and South) is shifted toward the bottom half of the map, making Africa, South America, and Australia appear smaller relative to North America and Eurasia than they actually are.

World map for USA

The vertical axis of the world passes through the USA. America turns out to be an “island” washed by the Pacific Ocean from the west and the Atlantic Ocean from the east. As in the European map, the equator is shifted to the lower half of the map, which makes the size of North America and Eurasia much larger in relation to the sizes of South America, Africa and Australia than it actually is. In addition, the perception of Russia, India and China becomes more complicated for an American: these countries are present to an American twice — in the west and in the east.

World map for China

On its map, China is located on the western coast of the Pacific Ocean. All continents have access to this ocean, except Africa and Europe, which thus find themselves on the periphery of the world.

World map for Australia

There is a general stereotype that what is above dominates, and what is below is in a subordinate position. Australians not only draw the vertical axis of the world through their continent, but also place it on top of all others, turning the map 180 degrees. Like the USA, they find themselves as an island lying between three oceans: the Pacific, Indian and Southern. Antarctica, hidden at the very bottom on all other maps, begins to play an important role.

World map for South Africa

South Africa, like Australia, appears at the top rather than at the bottom of the map, which makes it perceived as a country that dominates all others. South Africa turns out to be a peninsula wedged between two oceans: the Indian and Atlantic. The Pacific region and Russia are moving to the periphery of the world.