Small peoples of Russia: list. The smallest people in Russia. Indigenous peoples Unified list of small peoples of the Russian Federation

Indigenous peoples Russian Federation(hereinafter referred to as - Unified list), prepared by the Ministry of Federation and Nationalities of the Russian Federation based on proposals from the authorities state power subjects of the Russian Federation in whose territories these peoples live.

Karachay-Cherkess Republic

Kamchatka Krai

Republic of Karelia, Leningrad region, Vologda Region

Leningrad region

Krasnoyarsk Territory, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Kamchatka Territory, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Region

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, districts of the Tyumen region, Sverdlovsk region, Komi Republic

Khabarovsk Territory, Primorsky Territory, Sakhalin Region

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, areas of the Arkhangelsk Region, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Komi Republic

Khabarovsk Territory, Sakhalin Region

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, districts of the Tyumen region, Tomsk region, Komi Republic

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Magadan Region

Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

Tomsk region, Krasnoyarsk region

Kemerovo region, Republic of Khakassia, Republic of Altai

Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khabarovsk Territory, Amur Region, Sakhalin Region, Republic of Buryatia, Irkutsk region, Transbaikal region, Tomsk region, Tyumen region

Krasnoyarsk region

Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Magadan region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug

Judicial practice and legislation - Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2000 N 255 (as amended on August 25, 2015) "On the Unified List of Indigenous Minorities of the Russian Federation"

2. The effect of this Procedure extends to persons belonging to small-numbered peoples and their communities in places of traditional residence in accordance with the Unified List of Indigenous Minorities of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 24, 2000 N 255 (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, N 14, art. 1493, 2000, N 41, art. 4081, 2008, N 42, art. 4831), List of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and Far East of the Russian Federation, approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 17, 2006 N 536-r (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2006, N 17 (Part II), Art. 1905).

RESOLUTION
Government of the Russian Federation

March 24, 2000 No. 255 "On a unified list of indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation"

In pursuance of the Federal Law "On Guarantees of the Rights of Indigenous Minorities of the Russian Federation", the Government of the Russian Federation decides:
1. Approve the attached Unified List of Indigenous Minorities of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Unified List), prepared by the Ministry of Federation and Nationalities of the Russian Federation on the basis of proposals from government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the territories of which these peoples live.
2. The Government of the Republic of Dagestan should prepare and submit to the State Council of the Republic of Dagestan proposals on indigenous peoples living on the territory of the Republic for their subsequent inclusion in the Unified List.
3. Establish that changes and additions to the Unified List are introduced by the Government of the Russian Federation at the proposal of the Ministry of Federation and Nationalities of the Russian Federation on the basis of submissions from government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the territories of which indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation live.
4. Subclause 20 of clause 5 of the Regulations on the Ministry of Federation and Nationalities of the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of January 19, 2000 No. 45 (Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation, 2000, No. 4, Art. 397), shall be stated as follows:
"20) maintaining the federal register municipalities, the register of national-cultural autonomies, the state register of Cossack societies of the Russian Federation and the Unified List of Indigenous Minorities of the Russian Federation."

Chairman of the Government
Russian Federation V. Putin

APPROVED
Government resolution
Russian Federation
dated March 24, 2000
N 255

SINGLE LIST
indigenous peoples of the Russian Federation

Note. The names of the subjects of the Russian Federation are given line by line, in descending order of the number of each people living in the corresponding territories.

Since ancient times, the vast territories of the Russian Federation have been inhabited by many peoples, tribes and settlements. Each of them had its own individual culture, characteristic dialect and local traditions. Today, some of them have completely disappeared, while others remain, but in smaller numbers. What are the smallest peoples of Russia? What is their history, culture and modern life? This will be discussed further.

Archintsy - small in number, but unique

In the Charodinsky district, in the place where the Khatar River flows, which is located on the territory of Dagestan, a settlement has been established, the inhabitants of which are called Archintsy. Some of their neighbors call them archie for short. During Soviet Union their number reached almost 500 people. These are the small peoples of Russia. Today, this small settlement has no intention of disappearing from the face of the Earth, and already numbers about 1,200 people.

Daily life of Archa residents

The weather conditions in the habitat of the Archin people can be called unfavorable, since they are characterized by very cold and long winters, short summer. Despite such a harsh climate, the inhabitants of this area (small peoples of Russia) have fairly good and productive pastures, on which livestock regularly grazed.

A cross between Christianity and paganism

A peculiarity of this people is their cultural similarity with their neighbors - the Avars. Although this area has not been thoroughly studied, from an archaeological point of view, it is safe to say that this territory was developed in early era bronze Judging by the latest finds, it can be assumed that the tribe was under the influence of paganism for quite a long time and only relatively recently began to adopt Christian traditions as the main religion. As a result, we can say that the lion's share of rituals and other religious aspects were mixed with each other, and the result was Christianity with an admixture of paganism. The indigenous peoples of Russia have come to terms with this state of affairs.

National clothes and food

ABOUT traditional clothes little can be said about the tribe. It consisted mainly of rawhide and sheep skins. Such natural materials protected the Archa people quite well during the cold season, which, as we know, was quite long. The tribe's diet is predominantly meat. Raw, dried, raw smoked - all these and many other types of meat were actively used in the preparation of traditional dishes.
It is noteworthy that almost none of them could be done without adding old lamb fat. Both first and second courses were generously seasoned with it and some other spices. In general, we can say with confidence that the Archin people are a pleasant and hospitable, although not numerous, people.

Hospitality and morality

They revere ancient traditions and do not forget their origins. When a guest comes to the house, the owner does not sit down until the newcomer does so. Also, among the Archin people, the concept of hospitality was not limited to a hearty lunch. To receive a guest in the full sense of the word meant to provide him with a roof over his head and complete safety within his home. From the above we can safely conclude that this tribe had and has high moral standards.

Nogai or Karagash

Karagashi (Nogais) are a small ethnic group that settled and lives in the territory of the modern Astrakhan region. In 2008, there were about 8 thousand people, but there are suggestions that today their number has increased significantly. It is on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk region that most of the villages where these small peoples of Russia live today are located.

Most small or nomadic tribes are very similar in their type of activity - cattle breeding and vegetable growing. If there is a lake or river in the area, local residents Don't miss the opportunity to go fishing. Women in such tribes are very economical and almost always do some kind of intricate needlework.
One of the most famous nomadic tribes are the Astrakhan Tatars. This is truly the titular nationality of the Republic of Tatarstan, which today is part of the Russian Federation. Compared to other regions of Russia, Tatarstan is relatively populous. According to some data recorded in 2002, there are about 8 million Tatars worldwide. The Astrakhan Tatars are one of their, so to speak, varieties. They can rather be called an ethnoterritorial group. Their culture and traditions are not far removed from ordinary Tatar customs, and are only slightly intertwined with Russian rituals. These are the costs of what is most small people Russia lives on the territory of a not entirely native state.

Udege people. Historically, Primorsk became the habitat of this small tribe. This is one of the few groups inhabiting Russia that does not have its own written language.
Their language is also divided into many dialects and does not have one officially approved form. Their traditional activities include hunting. This, perhaps, is exactly what the male half of the tribe should master perfectly. The small peoples of the north of Russia live in settlements where civilization is very poorly developed, so their hands, their skills and abilities are practically the only way to survive in this world. And they are quite successful at it.

The small peoples of Russia have their own traditional religion

The religious themes of the tribe are very close. It seems that what closer person lives towards nature, the more religious he becomes. And this is true, because alone with the sky, grass and trees, it seems that God himself is talking to you. The Udege people believe in many different otherworldly beings, including spirits and various supernatural forces.

A few Ulchi and their view of nomadic life

Ulchi. Translated, it means “people of the earth”, which, in fact, is so, only the people are very small, one might even say - the smallest people in Russia. Today the Ulchi inhabit the Khabarovsk Territory and number approximately 732 people. The tribe is historically intertwined with ethnic group Nanai people Traditionally, both in the past and in the present, the indigenous peoples of the north of Russia are engaged in fishing and seasonal hunting of elk or deer. If we talk about spiritual and religious life, then we can understand that it is in this area that one can meet the most real ritual shamans in the Ulchi tribe.

They worship spirits and try in every possible way to appease them with their behavior. Be that as it may, it is pleasant that such tribes with their ancient customs, rituals and traditions have reached even our civilized modernity. This makes it possible to experience their primitive flavor and uniqueness. There is a lot to learn from them about nature and human relationships.

Other small peoples of Russia (approximate list):

• yugi (yugen);
• Urum Greeks (Urum);
• Mennonites (German Mennonites);
• kereks;
• Bagulals (Bagvalians);
• Circassians;
• Kaitag people.

INDIGENOUS PEOPLES (small-numbered peoples), in the Russian Federation, special groups of the population living in the territories of the traditional settlement of their ancestors, preserving their traditional way of life, farming and crafts.

In Russia, one of the first legislative acts aimed at protecting the rights of indigenous peoples was the Charter on the Administration of Foreign Peoples of 1822. In the 1920s, in the decrees and decrees of the Soviet government (for example, in the decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of October 25, 1926 “On the approval of the Provisional provisions on the management of indigenous peoples and tribes of the northern outskirts"), a closed list was formed, which initially included 24 ethnic communities. The Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993 (Article 69) introduced the concept of “indigenous small peoples”. The Russian Federation has a Unified List of Indigenous Peoples of the Russian Federation (2000), as well as a List of Indigenous Peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation (2006). The unified list now includes 40 peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East (Aleuts, Alutors, Vepsians, Dolgans, Itelmens, Kamchadals, Kerek, Ket, Koryak, Kumandin, Mansi, Nanai, Nganasan, Negidal, Nenets, Nivkh, Orok, Orochi, Sami , Selkups, Soyots, Taz, Telengits, Teleuts, Tofalars, Tubalars, Tuvans-Todzhins, Udeges, Ulchis, Khanty, Chelkans, Chuvans, Chukchi, Chulyms, Shors, Evenks, Evens, Enets, Eskimos, Yukaghirs), as well as Abaza, Besermyans, Vods, Izhorians, Nagaibaks, Shapsugs and 14 peoples of Dagestan.

According to Russian legislation, in order to recognize a people as indigenous, they must: recognize themselves as an independent ethnic community (self-identify), preserve their original habitat (territory), national crafts, that is, a special economic space, an original culture, a common native language, and have a population on the territory of Russia less than 50 thousand people. Domestic legislation on the status and protection of the rights of national minorities is based on international norms, Russian interstate treaties on human rights and the protection of the rights of national minorities. Indigenous peoples are identified as a separate group of peoples for the purpose of special protection by the state; they are endowed with a special status and have a number of legally established benefits (preferential use of biological resources, earlier retirement, replacement military service alternative, the list of professions of which includes reindeer herding; exemption from land payments, etc.). Issues in the field of protecting the rights of national minorities are comprehensively regulated by the Federal Law “On Guarantees of the Rights of Indigenous Minorities of the Russian Federation” (1999). At the federal level there are also federal laws"About general principles organizations of communities of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation" (2000), "On the territories of traditional environmental management of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation" (2001); The Concept of the federal target program “Economic and social development indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East until 2015" (2007). In addition, the subjects of the Federation independently solve the problems of national minorities living on their territories.

Lit.: Kharyuchi S.N. Indigenous peoples: problems of legislation. Tomsk, 2004; Andrichenko L.V. Regulation and protection of the rights of national minorities and indigenous peoples in the Russian Federation. M., 2005; Kryazhkov V. A. Status of indigenous peoples of Russia. Legal acts. M., 2005. Book. 3.