Story
The history of the instrument is lost over the centuries, since such flutes date back to prehistoric times and are found among almost every people on Earth.
Actually, “tin” - that is, a tin whistle - appeared in 1843 in England. Poor farmer Robert Clarke had a wooden whistle and wanted to make a similar one, but from a new material tinplate(tinned tin), which had just appeared then. The new instrument was so successful that Clark decided to start his own business. He traveled around England with his son, carrying his tools and materials in a handcart. Stopping in cities and villages, especially at markets, Clark, in front of the population, rolled up tin whistles from a sheet of tin, creating a conical tube, which was then closed at one end with a wooden stopper - a whistle was obtained, then holes were cut in the tube. Clark immediately demonstrated the instrument, playing tunes on it for the audience. The pipe cost one penny, which is where another name comes from - penny-whistle. Sometimes Clark's pipes were bought by Irish sailors and other people from the Green Island, who brought them home. This is how the tin whistle came to Ireland.
In Ireland, everyone liked the pipe because it was very well suited for playing Irish music. folk music. The production of Robert Clark has survived to this day, brand whistles Clarke enjoy continued popularity around the world, especially as a tool for beginners.
Subsequently, tin whistles began to be made from various materials, from metal tubes, brass, aluminum, etc. Various types of plastic and other materials.
Tin whistle became widespread throughout the world in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century in the wake of a revival of interest in folk music in Ireland and beyond. Almost all famous folk groups used the tin whistle in their activities. New companies and master manufacturers of tin whistles have appeared.
Application
Despite the seeming primitiveness of the device, the teen whistle - in the context of Irish folk music - is a rather sophisticated instrument with much greater capabilities than it seems at first glance. The technique of playing it, most likely, was influenced by the technique of playing the Irish bagpipes. uilleann pipes, which has a long tradition and is quite complex. Many Irish musicians became famous thanks to their masterful playing of the whistle, for example Mary Bergin, who recorded two albums in the late 70s under the name Feadoga Stain 1 & 2 (Tin Whistles 1 & 2), which have had and continue to have a significant influence on whistlers around the world.
Famous whistlers:
Modern whistles
These days there are many various types teen-whistles. These are the tin conical whistles that have survived to this day. Clarke, and common brass ones with a plastic whistle Generation, affordable plastic whistles Dixon And Susato and wooden whistles from professional manufacturers.
The most popular manufacturers:
The whistle is one of the most common instruments in the world, largely due to its affordability: an entry-level pipe, quite acceptable in quality, can cost $5, professional-level instruments cost from $100 to $700, but some professionals prefer cheap whistles. The most expensive ones, as a rule, are wooden craftsman's whistles.
Low Whistle
Low-Whistle- low-whistle - a low variety of teen-whistle. Features a lower setting and large size, as well as greater demands on breathing and less mobility. Has a deeper and thicker timbre. Therefore, low whistle is often used to play slow melodies. Made from metal, plastic or wood.
The most common key is D (D of the first octave, an octave below the usual tinwhistle). Made in most keys from G (first octave G) to G (minor G). The lowest tones are very rare and are sometimes called “bass”.
Story
It is likely that longitudinal flutes similar to the low whistle existed as early as the 16th century, but this fact remains controversial.
Inventor of low whistle in his modern form considered an English jazz musician and instrument maker Bernard Overton, who in 1971 made a low whistle for a famous Irish musician Finbar Furey, who lost his bamboo whistle while on tour. Having made the first two low whistles, which Fury actively used in performances, Overton began to receive orders from other musicians.
The mass popularity of low whistle began in the 90s of the 20th century after the famous dance show Riverdance, in which the musician Davy Spillane played this instrument.
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Excerpt characterizing Whistle
“Oui, madame,” he answered, looking around.-Have you seen my husband?
- Non, madame. [No, madam.] - He smiled completely inappropriately.
– You, it seems, were recently in Paris? I think it's very interesting.
- Very interesting..
The Countess exchanged glances with Anna Mikhailovna. Anna Mikhailovna realized that she was being asked to occupy this young man, and, sitting down next to him, began to talk about her father; but just like the countess, he answered her only in monosyllables. The guests were all busy with each other. Les Razoumovsky... ca a ete charmant... Vous etes bien bonne... La comtesse Apraksine... [The Razoumovskys... It was amazing... You are very kind... Countess Apraksina...] was heard from all sides. The Countess got up and went into the hall.
- Marya Dmitrievna? – her voice was heard from the hall.
“She’s the one,” came the rude answer. female voice, and after that Marya Dmitrievna entered the room.
All the young ladies and even the ladies, with the exception of the oldest ones, stood up. Marya Dmitrievna stopped at the door and, from the height of her corpulent body, holding high her fifty-year-old head with gray curls, looked around at the guests and, as if rolling up, slowly straightened the wide sleeves of her dress. Marya Dmitrievna always spoke Russian.
“Dear birthday girl with the children,” she said in her loud, thick voice, suppressing all other sounds. “What, you old sinner,” she turned to the count, who was kissing her hand, “tea, are you bored in Moscow?” Is there anywhere to run the dogs? What should we do, father, this is how these birds will grow up...” She pointed to the girls. - Whether you want it or not, you have to look for suitors.
- Well, what, my Cossack? (Marya Dmitrievna called Natasha a Cossack) - she said, caressing Natasha with her hand, who approached her hand without fear and cheerfully. – I know that the potion is a girl, but I love her.
She took out pear-shaped yakhon earrings from her huge reticule and, giving them to a beaming and blushing Natasha, immediately turned away from her and turned to Pierre.
- Eh, eh! kind! “Come here,” she said in a feignedly quiet and thin voice. - Come on, my dear...
And she menacingly rolled up her sleeves even higher.
Pierre approached, naively looking at her through his glasses.
- Come, come, my dear! I was the only one who told your father the truth when he had a chance, but God commands it to you.
She paused. Everyone was silent, waiting for what would happen, and feeling that there was only a preface.
- Good, nothing to say! good boy!... The father is lying on his bed, and he is amusing himself, putting the policeman on a bear. It's a shame, father, it's a shame! It would be better to go to war.
She turned away and offered her hand to the count, who could hardly restrain himself from laughing.
- Well, come to the table, I have tea, is it time? - said Marya Dmitrievna.
The count walked ahead with Marya Dmitrievna; then the countess, who was led by a hussar colonel, the right person, with whom Nikolai was supposed to catch up with the regiment. Anna Mikhailovna - with Shinshin. Berg shook hands with Vera. A smiling Julie Karagina went with Nikolai to the table. Behind them came other couples, stretching across the entire hall, and behind them, one by one, were children, tutors and governesses. The waiters began to stir, the chairs rattled, music began to play in the choir, and the guests took their seats. The sounds of the count's home music were replaced by the sounds of knives and forks, the chatter of guests, and the quiet steps of waiters.
At one end of the table the Countess sat at the head. On the right is Marya Dmitrievna, on the left is Anna Mikhailovna and other guests. At the other end sat the count, on the left the hussar colonel, on the right Shinshin and other male guests. On one side of the long table are older young people: Vera next to Berg, Pierre next to Boris; on the other hand - children, tutors and governesses. From behind the crystal, bottles and vases of fruit, the Count looked at his wife and her tall cap with blue ribbons and diligently poured wine for his neighbors, not forgetting himself. The countess also, from behind the pineapples, not forgetting her duties as a housewife, cast significant glances at her husband, whose bald head and face, it seemed to her, were more sharply different from his gray hair in their redness. There was a steady babble on the ladies' end; in the men's room, voices were heard louder and louder, especially the hussar colonel, who ate and drank so much, blushing more and more, that the count was already setting him up as an example to the other guests. Berg, with a gentle smile, spoke to Vera that love is not an earthly, but a heavenly feeling. Boris named his new friend Pierre the guests at the table and exchanged glances with Natasha, who was sitting opposite him. Pierre spoke little, looked at new faces and ate a lot. Starting from two soups, from which he chose a la tortue, [turtle,] and kulebyaki and to hazel grouse, he did not miss a single dish and not a single wine, which the butler mysteriously stuck out in a bottle wrapped in a napkin from behind his neighbor’s shoulder, saying or “drey Madeira", or "Hungarian", or "Rhine wine". He placed the first of the four crystal glasses with the count's monogram that stood in front of each device, and drank with pleasure, looking at the guests with an increasingly pleasant expression. Natasha, sitting opposite him, looked at Boris the way thirteen-year-old girls look at a boy with whom they had just kissed for the first time and with whom they are in love. This same look of hers sometimes turned to Pierre, and under the gaze of this funny, lively girl he wanted to laugh himself, not knowing why.
Nikolai sat far from Sonya, next to Julie Karagina, and again with the same involuntary smile he spoke to her. Sonya smiled grandly, but apparently was tormented by jealousy: she turned pale, then blushed and listened with all her might to what Nikolai and Julie were saying to each other. The governess looked around restlessly, as if preparing to fight back if anyone decided to offend the children. The German tutor tried to memorize all kinds of dishes, desserts and wines in order to describe everything in detail in a letter to his family in Germany, and was very offended by the fact that the butler, with a bottle wrapped in a napkin, carried him around. The German frowned, tried to show that he did not want to receive this wine, but was offended because no one wanted to understand that he needed the wine not to quench his thirst, not out of greed, but out of conscientious curiosity.
At the male end of the table the conversation became more and more animated. The colonel said that the manifesto declaring war had already been published in St. Petersburg and that the copy that he himself had seen had now been delivered by courier to the commander-in-chief.
- And why is it difficult for us to fight Bonaparte? - said Shinshin. – II a deja rabattu le caquet a l "Autriche. Je crins, que cette fois ce ne soit notre tour. [He has already knocked down the arrogance of Austria. I am afraid that our turn would not come now.]
The colonel was a stocky, tall and sanguine German, obviously a servant and a patriot. He was offended by Shinshin's words.
Buy a whistle at your local music store or online. Tin flutes are sold in all possible keys. The most common whistle in D plays the octaves D and G major. The second most common whistle in C plays the C and F major octaves. The lowest note of the whistle, when you close all the holes with your fingers, is called the key - on the whistle “D” the key is the note “D”.
''Hold your whistle correctly.''" The whistle should be pointed downwards at an angle of 45 degrees. Your dominant hand should be on the bottom and your other hand on top. The little fingers are not used in the game, but play a supporting role or are used in playing the largest (and low octave whistles). The big ones fingers support the whistle from below. Cover the holes of the whistle with your fingertips. Place the tip of the whistle between your lips - not your teeth!
''Learn to play different notes.''' A standard whistle takes two octaves. In the case of the D whistle, this covers the notes from the second D above middle C to the fourth D above middle C. In theory, by blowing a particularly strong stream of air it is possible to hit higher notes, but in practice the sound turns out to be too loud and out of tune. Typically, each raised finger and open hole on the whistle produces a higher note. Take a look at the D-whistle tablature below. White circles indicate an open hole, black circles indicate a closed hole. The + sign under the tablature means the second octave.
''Play the notes in a low octave. Take the whistle and close all the holes with your fingers. (You don't have to press your fingers too hard, just make sure your fingertips are completely covering the hole.) Blow the whistle while keeping your tongue in position as if you were saying “too.” The resulting sound is the “key” (that is, the note “D” on a “D” whistle). If you blow too lightly, the note will come out too thin; if you blow too hard, the whistle will play in the second octave or produce a sharp whistling sound. Learn to blow a steady stream of air to produce a nice low sound on the right note. Remove finger by finger, thus going through all the notes in the scale until you get to the note at which all the holes on the whistle are open (C-sharp). To support the whistle with all holes open, use the little finger of your dominant hand.
Play the notes of the second octave. Close all the holes again with your fingers and blow into the whistle with double force. If you can't hit a note in the second octave, try opening the first hole (closest to your mouth) a little - this tactic will help you with all the notes in the second octave. As in the first lesson, open all the holes on the whistle one by one, playing the scale in the second octave to the highest note (C sharp). The higher the notes, the harder you will have to blow.
Learn to play a melody! If you don't know how yet, learn to play music from sight, using notes.
More practice! Practice the purity of notes and smooth transitions between them, as well as special gadgets for your playing:
- Cut - Before playing a note, play a higher note for a split second. Quickly remove your finger from the hole and put it back so that the listening ear does not even have time to register the tone.
- Strike - Same as cut, but instead of playing a higher note, you play a lower note.
- Slide Between Notes - Allow your finger to slide off the hole to smoothly transition to a new note.
- The Vibrato effect is achieved by varying the air flow. The faster you blow, the higher the tone, the slower the lower, and changing the intensity will allow you to produce a vibrating sound. Don't blow too hard or you risk going into the second octave. Vibrato can also be done by opening and closing the second hole from the mouth. For example, when playing the note A, quickly lift and lower your finger from the second top hole to create a vibrating sound.
Various whistles
Whistle(from English. tin whistle, literally translated as “tin whistle, pipe”, pronunciation options (Russian): whistle, whistle, the former is more common) is a folk longitudinal flute with six holes on the face, widely used in the folk music of Ireland, Scotland, England and some other countries.
Build
The whistle is a diatonic instrument with a range of approximately 2 octaves. The fingering is simple, with fork fingerings and half-hole closures rarely used, with the exception of the lowered seventh degree allowing playing in the second key. With the help of complicated fingering you can achieve an almost complete chromatic range.
The most common tuning is D (second octave D), tinwhistles are also produced in most keys from G (second octave G) to G (first octave G), instruments in A and G are sometimes considered low whistles.
Story
The history of the instrument is lost over the centuries, since such flutes date back to prehistoric times and are found among almost every people on Earth.
Actually, “tin” - that is, a tin whistle - appeared in 1843 in England. Poor farmer Robert Clarke had a wooden whistle and wanted to make a similar one, but from a new material tinplate(tinned tin), which had just appeared then. The new instrument was so successful that Clark decided to start his own business. He traveled around England with his son, carrying his tools and materials in a handcart. Stopping in cities and villages, especially at markets, Clark, in front of the population, rolled up tin whistles from a sheet of tin, creating a conical tube, which was then closed at one end with a wooden stopper - a whistle was obtained, then holes were cut in the tube. Clark immediately demonstrated the instrument, playing tunes on it for the audience. The pipe cost one penny, which is where another name comes from - penny-whistle. Sometimes Clark's pipes were bought by Irish sailors and other people from the Green Island, who brought them home. This is how the tin whistle came to Ireland.
In Ireland, everyone liked the pipe because it was very well suited for playing Irish folk music. The production of Robert Clark has survived to this day, brand whistles Clarke enjoy continued popularity around the world, especially as a tool for beginners.
Subsequently, tin whistles began to be made from various materials, from metal tubes, brass, aluminum, etc. Various types of plastic and other materials.
Tin whistle became much more widespread around the world in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century in the wake of a revival of interest in folk music in Ireland and beyond. Almost all famous folk groups used the tin whistle in their activities. New companies and master manufacturers of tin whistles have appeared.
Application
Despite the seeming primitiveness of the device, the teen whistle - in the context of Irish folk music - is a rather sophisticated instrument with much greater capabilities than it seems at first glance. The technique of playing it, most likely, was influenced by the technique of playing the Irish bagpipes. uilleann pipes, which has a long tradition and is quite complex. Many Irish musicians became famous thanks to their masterful playing of the whistle, for example Mary Bergin, who recorded two albums in the late 70s under the name Feadoga Stain 1 & 2 (Tin Whistles 1 & 2), which have had and continue to have a significant influence on whistlers around the world.
Famous whistlers:
- Willie Clancy
- Mary Bergin
- Paddy Moloney
- Sean Potts
- Brian Finnegan
- Joanny Madden
- Sean Ryan
- Cormac Breatnach
- Michael McGoldrick
Modern whistles
There are many different types of tin whistles available these days. These are the tin conical whistles that have survived to this day. Clarke, and common brass ones with a plastic whistle Generation, affordable plastic whistles Dixon And Susato and wooden whistles from professional manufacturers.
The most popular manufacturers:
- Clarke
- Walton's
- Feadog
- Tony Dixon
- Susato
- Chieftain
- Overton/Goldie
- Abell
The whistle is one of the most common instruments in the world, largely due to its affordability: an entry-level pipe, quite acceptable in quality, can cost $5, professional-level instruments cost from $100 to $700, but some professionals prefer cheap whistles. The most expensive ones, as a rule, are wooden craftsman's whistles.
Low Whistle
Musician playing low whistle
Low-Whistle- Low Whistle is a low variety of Tin Whistle. It features a lower setting and larger size, as well as greater breathing demands and less mobility. Has a deeper and thicker timbre. Therefore, low whistle is often used to play slow melodies. Made from metal, plastic or wood.
The most common key is D (D of the first octave, an octave below the usual tinwhistle). Made in most keys from G (first octave G) to G (minor G). The lowest tones are very rare and are sometimes called “bass”.
Story
It is likely that longitudinal flutes similar to the low whistle existed in the 16th century, but this fact remains controversial.
An English jazz musician and instrument maker is considered the inventor of the low whistle in its modern form. Bernard Overton, who in 1971 made a low whistle for a famous Irish musician Finbar Furey, who lost his bamboo whistle while on tour. Having made the first two low whistles, which Fury actively used in performances, Overton began to receive orders from other musicians.
The beginning of the mass popularity of low whistle occurred in the 90s of the 20th century after the famous dance show Riverdance, in which the musician Davy Spillane played this instrument.
Links
- Website dedicated to whistle (Russian)
- World-famous English-language forum dedicated to the whistle and other wind instruments (English)
Notes
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Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.
Irish pipe (whistle, literally a whistle, which is generally correct if you blow harder) - one stick and nine holes. Six working holes allow you to extract seven notes of natural major. The second and beginning of the third octave are played by blowing. Special combinations allow you to take flats. They are made in many keys - A, Bb (bagpipe tuning), C, D, Eb F, G (this affects the size); the rest are on order. They mainly use C and D - for songs in C/Dm and D/Em, respectively.
Vistulas come in two main types - cylindrical And conical. Cylindrical ones are a metal tube (made of bronze or nickel) with drilled holes and a plastic mouthpiece. They have a bright sound. Main brands: Generation, Feadog, Waltons.
Professional cylindrical vistas are made entirely of aluminum. An original strong sound that no longer hung, but was not yet a flute. Brands: Howard, Chieftain.
Conical vislas (known as Pennywhistle - they got their name because some smart citizens, playing these same vislas in public places, managed to earn a little of these very pennies) - as can be seen in the photo - a tin sheet rolled into a cone, soldered along the seam with reverse side, with a wooden insert in the mouthpiece. A characteristic rather soft “hissing” sound. Also available an octave lower (low whistle). When playing with other instruments, it creates a feeling of “depth of sound.” Brands: Clark, Shaw
Scottish Bagpipe (Great Highland Bagpipe) full size kills all living things within a radius of 3 meters from the bagpiper. Attempts to play it in small halls like Magnifique end in complete paralysis of the public. It actually consists of a bag "a (i.e. bag), a mouthpiece, several drones (drones - producing a characteristic sound of a constant tone, usually 1 bass, 2 tenors) and a chanter, usually in Bb, on which, in fact, a melody is played.
Speaking of melody. If anyone doesn’t know, let us explain: in addition to the fact that this is a show, it is also music, and if you are not able to remember the melody, this does not mean that the bagpiper does not remember it.
To prevent people from dying at concerts and home sessions, it was invented small bagpipe. Its main difference from the big one is the quite acceptable strength of the already ambiguous sound perception (I’m delighted with it... the first 10 minutes). In addition, it is much easier to blow into it, so it is better to learn the intricacies of the game on it.
Speaking of training. Along with lung training, at first it is recommended to use practice chanter(the same chanter as in the bagpipes, but with a mouthpiece), into which it is easier to blow, and there are not so many worries - inflate, press, play... and all at once!
Guess what it is?
You can hardly guess - this is , or, in Russian, an electronic training chanter that imitates Scottish bagpipes. WITH right side There is a jack for connecting headphones. Supports natural sounds C and D. Available with a black or transparent body (apparently similar to the slots on Hi-End equipment for observing the magical glow of lamps and other cool things). If you are seriously planning to train in places that are inappropriate for this (on the way to / from work / to your girlfriend / or when she has just fallen asleep, and even more so if “she” is not she, but, say, her mother-in-law!) maybe Maybe this device will help you.
For big fans of smoking a pipe during a concert, another tricky thing has been invented - Uilleann (Elbow) Pipe (Irish bagpipes). As you probably already guessed, you don’t need to blow into it. Air is pumped using bellows. Standard tuning- D, but they make any to order.
The UP is as far removed from the Scottish bagpipes as the Boehm flute is from the visla: the chanter allows you to take semitones, so the tuning becomes unprincipled. In addition, the reed allows you to blow an octave higher by blowing. With the help of additional regulators on drones, it becomes possible to do all sorts of interesting things like playing chords.
In addition to the full UP package, there are half packages - without additional regulators, and student packages - without drones.
Traditional Irish percussion instrument, as a rule, a wooden frame covered with genuine leather. Hold with your left hand, resting on your belly; They hit with the right hand, holding a stick in it like a fountain pen, so that with sliding blows up and down, both ends of the stick hit the skin (basic technique).
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Sticks (except) standard form They can be pretentious and even more pretentious with a shifted center of gravity.
The nature of the sound changes significantly depending on the angle at which the blow occurs and on the position of the left hand on inner surface skin. There are tuneable and non-tunable models with a diameter of 14-22 inches.
A family of mandolins other than the usual small one mandolins includes big sister mandola, mother mandocello and dad mandobass- put aside the smile! One day a little mandolin was seduced by a tomboy banjo. The fruit of their young love, which appeared after the allotted time, was called mandobanjo. Such a turn of events could not but affect the closest relatives. Uncle sitar was so upset that instead of ADADA he began to sound like ADGAD, and at times even like DGDAD, and auntie bouzouki- what names do these Greeks have! - I even acquired an extra pair of strings so as not to stand out from the orderly ranks of the mandolin family. Meanwhile, the excesses of the banjo pervert did not end there. Attracted by classical forms, he dishonored the venerable guitar, leaving a daughter as a memory of his ardent African lover guitar banjo. Fearing retaliation from the indignant public, the banjo made a weak attempt to make up itself - it acquired a 5th string (5 sizes smaller - apparently taken from some child) and changed the tuning to GDGBD. But this did not help him avoid answering: caught by an angry crowd, he was... well, in general, they tore off his frets and pulled nylon strings onto the neck.
The mandolin is built the same way as a violin - GDAE. In addition to the classic Italian shape with a pear-shaped body (round back), in folk music a model with a flat body (flat back - for example, the mandola) is more often used. And no wonder. You can confidently hold an instrument in your hands, the back of which is an elongated hemisphere, and even covered with varnish, only in a sober state, sitting in classic position"leg to leg". Such demands on the musician, as you understand, did not lead to the strengthening of a sober lifestyle, but to the emergence of an instrument that stands firmly between the legs. New design received the name "Celtic".
The tenor mandola is built in the same way as the alto - CGDA and looks like a grown mandolin. True, in Irish music the octave mandola (the Americans call it octave mandolin), tuned as GDAE an octave below the mandolin, is more often used.
The mandocello is built an octave below the tenor CGDA mandola. It looks correspondingly an octave larger.
Mandobass is being built by EADG. Looks, hmm... accordingly.
Sitar (sittern) in Lately, like other instruments in the mandolin family, changed its design to flat back, so the main difference remains the presence of 10 paired strings, which can be built as one pleases, and a shorter and wider neck (in fact, there can be more and less - from 8 to...). There are options for setting ADADA, ADGAD, DGDAD, plus a capo is often used.
Bouzouki is a Greek version of the lute. Traditional Greek ones are built by CFAD. Actually, they used to be made with six paired strings (DAD), but now the Greek makers mostly make eight-string CFADs with a pear-shaped body (round back).
Irish musicians, in their desire to rebuild all such instruments in GDAE, did not ignore the bouzouki, at the same time bringing the design to a common denominator. The advent of flat back models made the bouzouki very similar to the octave mandola, only the bouzouki had a longer neck. Such an adaptation led to the fact that the line between the “Irish” bouzouki and the octave mandola lay somewhere around the 58th centimeter of the fingerboard scale, so that anything shorter is a mandola, anything longer is a bouzouki. The sound of the “Irish” variety is more open and bright than the Greek one, and it is more comfortable to hold.
The tenor banjo is widely used not only in traditional Irish music, but also in traditional jazz. It has a smaller scale than the G banjo and four strings tuned CGDA, but virtually all Irish players tune lower - GDAE, an octave below the mandolin and fiddle. Instruments with a shortened scale (17 frets instead of 19) are more popular, since their fingering corresponds to that of a violin.
The 5-string banjo is commonly used in bluegrass and country music, but has diversified into being used as an accompaniment in songs from a variety of genres. The most common configuration options are gDGBD and gCGDB. It is distinguished by the presence of a 5th string, slapped on the side of the fifth fret on the side of the bass strings. Fretless banjo, usually with nylon strings, was previously used to play together with the violin due to its more consistent sound.
Mandobanjo or banjolin (mandobanjo or banjolin), as the name implies, is the result of an improper liquidation of a pogrom in a music store: a banjo resonator, a mandolin neck, the sound - well, you have to hear it.
Guitar banjo is an ideal solution for a guitarist when he wants to make banjo sounds, but is too lazy to learn. Actually, a guitar neck, 6 strings, the same chords, and the sound...
What is commonly called in Italy violin, and in Russia a violin, in the hands of an Irish musician, turns into fiddle. So if someone on stage calls someone Fiedler, this is not a competition of young Jewish talents, but a concert of Irish music.
Based on materials from the group's website Army of the Seeds (Slua Si)
Rarely is Irish music complete without a whistle. Funny jigs, fast polkas, slow soulful airs – you can hear the voices of these authentic instruments everywhere. The whistle is a longitudinal flute with a whistle and six holes. It is usually made of metal, but you can often find options made of wood or plastic.
They are very cheap, and learning the basics of playing is much easier than using a recorder. Perhaps this is what has brought the instrument such popularity among folk musicians around the world. Or maybe the reason for this was the bright, slightly hoarse sound that evokes thoughts of the green hills of Ireland and intoxicating medieval fairs.
History of the whistle
Different versions of wind instruments can be found in every country in the world. The territory of modern Great Britain was no exception. Mentions of the first whistles date back to the 11th-12th centuries. Pipes are easy to make from scrap materials, so they were especially valued among the common people.
TO 19th century formed certain standard– longitudinal shape and 6 holes for playing. At the same time, Robert Clarke lived, an Englishman who made the greatest contribution to the development of this instrument. Good flutes were carved from wood or bone - a rather labor-intensive process. Robert had the idea to make metal whistle, namely from tinplate.
This is how it appeared modern tin whistle(translated from English tin - tin). Clark collected pipes directly from the streets and then sold them at a very affordable price. The cheapness and colorful hoarse sound captivated people. The Irish loved them the most. The tin flute quickly took root in the country and became one of the most recognizable folk instruments.
Varieties of whistles
Today there are 2 types of whistles. The first one is classic tinwhistle, invented by Robert Clarke. Second - lowwhistle- appeared only in the 1970s. It is approximately 2 times larger than its smaller brother and sounds an octave lower. The sound is deeper and softer. It is not particularly popular and is most often used to accompany the tin whistle.
Due to their primitive design, these flutes can only be played in one tuning. Manufacturers produce different variants whistles for playing in various keys. The most common is D of the second octave (D). This is the tonality of the vast majority of Irish folk music. The first instrument of every whistler should be in D.
Basics of playing the whistle - how to learn to play?
If you are familiar with the recorder, understanding the essence of tinwhistle is a matter of ten minutes. If not, no big deal. This is a very easy to learn tool. With a little diligence, in just a couple of days you will be confidently playing simple folk songs.
First you need to take the flute correctly. To play you will need 6 fingers - index, middle and ring on each hand. You will use your thumbs to hold the instrument. Place your left hand closer to the whistle, and your right hand closer to the end of the pipe.
Now try to close all the holes. There is no need to apply force - just place the pad of your finger on the hole. When everything is ready, you can start playing. Blow the whistle gently. Too much airflow will cause “overblowing,” a very high-pitched screeching note. If you close all the holes tightly and blow with normal force, you will succeed confidently. sounding note D of the second octave (D).
Now release your ring finger right hand(it covers the hole furthest from you). The pitch will change and you will hear the note Mi (E). If, for example, you let go of all your fingers, you will get C sharp (C#).
A list of all notes is shown in the picture.
As you can see, whistlers have only 2 octaves at their disposal. Not very much, but enough to play most songs. A schematic representation of the holes that need to be closed is called fingering. On the Internet you can find entire collections of melodies in this version. To learn to play, you don't even have to know musical notation. An ideal instrument for beginning musicians!
You may have noticed the plus sign in the fingerings. It means you need to blow stronger than usual. That is, to play a note an octave higher, you need to clamp the same holes and simply increase the air flow. The exception is the note D. In her case, it is better to release the first hole - the sound will be cleaner.
Another important part of the game is articulation. In order for the melody to be bright and not blurred, the notes need to be highlighted. Try to make a movement with your tongue while playing, as if you want to say the syllable “tu”. This way you will highlight the note and focus on the change in pitch.
When you can finger and tap at the same time, start learning your first tune. To start, choose something slower, preferably within one octave. And after just a few days of training, you will be able to play something like the soundtrack to the movie “Braveheart” or the famous Breton song “Ev Chistr ‘ta Laou!”