Life in small towns tends to be challenging. First of all, they are indicated by the fact that most people know each other very well, in which case it is very difficult to comply with the rules of personal life; as a rule, events of any importance become a reason for public discussion. The second difficulty is that life in such towns is devoid of diverse events - discussion of gossip and speculation is the main form of entertainment.
Kuligin's monologue:
« Cruel morals, sir, in our city, they are cruel! In philistinism, sir, you will see nothing but rudeness and stark poverty. And we, sir, will never escape this crust! Because honest work will never earn us more than our daily bread. And whoever has money, sir, tries to enslave the poor so that his labors will be free more money make money Do you know what your uncle, Savel Prokofich, answered to the mayor? The peasants came to the mayor to complain that he would not disrespect any of them.
The mayor began to tell him: “Listen,” he says, Savel Prokofich, pay the men well! Every day they come to me with complaints!” Your uncle patted the mayor on the shoulder and said: “Is it worth it, your honor, for us to talk about such trifles! I have a lot of people every year; You understand: I won’t pay them a penny per person, but I make thousands out of this, so that’s good for me!”
That's it, sir! And among themselves, sir, how they live! They undermine each other's trade, and not so much out of self-interest as out of envy. They are at enmity with each other; They get drunken clerks into their high mansions, such, sir, clerks that there is no human appearance on him, his human appearance is hysterical.
And they, for small acts of kindness, scribble malicious slander against their neighbors on stamped sheets. And for them, sir, a trial and a case will begin, and there will be no end to the torment. They sue and sue here, but they go to the province, and there they are waiting for them and splashing their hands with joy. Soon the fairy tale is told, but not soon the deed is done; they drive them, they drive them, they drag them, they drag them; and they are also happy about this dragging, that’s all they need. “I’ll spend it, he says, and it won’t cost him a penny.” I wanted to depict all this in poetry..."
We invite you to familiarize yourself with the play “The Thunderstorm” by Ostrovsky.
Result: The city of Kalinov, in which the main events take place, has a dual nature - on the one hand natural landscape sets up a positive perception and attitude among visitors, but the true state of affairs is far from this truth. Residents of Kalinov lack tolerance and humanity. And therefore life in this city is complex and specific. The description of the nature of the city contrasts vividly with the essence of its inhabitants. Greed and love of squabbling destroy all natural beauty.
See the cruel, sir, morals in our city. Encyclopedic Dictionary winged words and expressions. M.: Locked Press. Vadim Serov. 2003 ...
From the play “The Thunderstorm” by Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky (1823-1886), words by Kuligin (act. 1, scene 3). Used: as a commentary on harsh, rude morals in some place (joking, ironic). Encyclopedic dictionary of popular words and expressions. M... Dictionary of popular words and expressions
Dramatic writer, head of the repertoire of the Imperial Moscow Theater and director of the Moscow Theater School. A. N. Ostrovsky was born in Moscow on January 31, 1823. His father, Nikolai Fedorovich, came from a clergy background, and... ... Large biographical encyclopedia
CHARACTER, disposition, husband. 1. Character, mental structure, totality mental properties. Gentle disposition. Cool disposition. “Katya... from childhood amazed everyone with her talent, but she had a rebellious, capricious disposition.” A. Turgenev. 2. only plural. Customs... ... Dictionary Ushakova
Ostrovsky A.N. Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich (1823 1886) Russian playwright, theater figure. Aphorisms, quotes Ostrovsky A.N. biography The public goes to the theater to watch a good performance good plays, and not the play itself: the play can also... ... Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms
Godless, soulless, merciless, merciless, heartless, inhuman, unfeeling, merciless, barbaric, hard, bestial, fierce, bloodthirsty, vengeful, frantic, inexorable, insensitive, merciless, ferocious, harsh, ... ... Dictionary of synonyms
CRUEL, cruel, cruel; cruel, cruel, cruel. 1. Extremely harsh and rude, merciless, heartless, merciless. Brutal reprisals against prisoners. Child abuse. To treat someone cruelly (adv.). Cruel morals... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary
Aya, oh; current, a and a, o; the cruelest. 1. Extremely severe; merciless, merciless. [Elizaveta Sergeevna:] You are a cruel and heartless person! Pisemsky, Family whirlpool. [Kuligin:] Cruel morals, sir, in our city, cruel! A. Ostrovsky,... ... Small academic dictionary
Adj., used. often Morphology: cruel, cruel, cruel, cruel; more severe; adv. cruel 1. A person who does not feel pity for other people, living beings and can cause them pain and suffering is called cruel. Brutal killer. 2.… … Dmitriev's Explanatory Dictionary
Alexander Nikolaevich (1823 1886) the largest Russian playwright. R. in Moscow, in the family of an official who later became a private intercessor in civil cases. In 1835-1840 he studied at the First Moscow Gymnasium. In 1840 he was admitted to law school... ... Literary encyclopedia
Habit, institution, habit, manner, fashion, temper, disposition, rite, ritualism, behavior, order, rule, practice, routine, charter, pattern. A time-honored custom. We don’t have this in our factory either. Human fair rules. Zeitgeist, trend. Cruel... ... Dictionary of synonyms
Books
- Angel's Somersault, Maud Maren. The cruel mores of the Parisian bottom, the world of prostitution; racketeering, violence, contempt of society, indifference of officials, arbitrariness of the police. Finally, gender reassignment surgery is once again Jean's struggle...
Original:
Kuligin. And you will never get used to it, sir.
Boris. Why?
Kuligin. Cruel morals, sir, in our city, cruel! In philistinism, sir, you will see nothing but rudeness and stark poverty. And we, sir, will never escape this crust! Because honest work will never earn us more than our daily bread. And whoever has money, sir, tries to enslave the poor so that he can make even more money from his free labors. Do you know what your uncle, Savel Prokofich, answered to the mayor? The peasants came to the mayor to complain that he would not disrespect any of them. The mayor began to tell him: “Listen,” he says, Savel Prokofich, pay the men well! Every day they come to me with complaints!” Your uncle patted the mayor on the shoulder and said: “Is it worth it, your honor, for us to talk about such trifles! I have a lot of people every year; You understand: I won’t pay them a penny per person, but I make thousands out of this, so that’s good for me!” That's it, sir! And among themselves, sir, how they live! They undermine each other's trade, and not so much out of self-interest as out of envy. They are at enmity with each other; They get drunken clerks into their high mansions, such, sir, clerks that there is no human appearance on him, his human appearance is hysterical. And they, for small acts of kindness, scribble malicious slander against their neighbors on stamped sheets. And for them, sir, a trial and a case will begin, and there will be no end to the torment. They sue and sue here, but they go to the province, and there they are waiting for them and splashing their hands with joy. Soon the fairy tale is told, but not soon the deed is done; they drive them, they drive them, they drag them, they drag them; and they are also happy about this dragging, that’s all they need. “I’ll spend it, he says, and it won’t cost him a penny.” I wanted to depict all this in poetry...
Arranged by A. Minnikaev
Morals are cruel, sir, in our city. Brutal
In the philistinism, the world is ruled by people who are not at all distant
Full of rudeness worse than in life in the capital
You will see nothing but stark poverty.
You will never be able to break out of this crust:
Hope...many have it, but only for the time being
All who are honest will not earn their daily food,
And whoever has money in his pocket is the owner of the poor,
On whose labors he will drink and feast heavily,
Live beautifully and make even more money.
Tell you how your wild uncle managed to answer,
Savel Prokofich looking at the mayor with kind eyes?
“Listen, brother, consider the men well.
Every day little people come to me with complaints.”
The answer is: should you and I talk about trifles?
It’s either a penny or five for them – it’s up to me to make capital
And among themselves, dear sir, how they live:
They tear throats, sell themselves, stifle trade
They undermine each other, they don’t hide,
That the war comes from the edge of envy... they successfully get
In your high mansions of drunken clerks,
On which there is no human appearance, and such
That they lost their appearance. On stamp sheets
Malicious slander is made against neighbors and relatives
They sue and sue and there is no end to stupid disputes
The results of these processes, perhaps just conversations,
How they will go to the province for the truth, an important thing
“They are waiting for them there, splashing their hands with joy.”
Soon the fairy tale will be told, but the matter is in a hurry
Not good: they are dragged like animal tails,
And they are happy about it, they ring the bells needlessly...
A very strange life: “I’ll spend it - talk
“Yes, it will cost him a penny.”
... wanted to depict in verse
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TO HELP A FRESHMAN
NOTEBOOK FOR PRACTICAL WORK
BY ANALYSIS OF LITERARY TEXT
AND LEARNING BY MORE AND CLOSE TO THE TEXT
The play "The Thunderstorm"
Kuligin's monologues 1
Cruel morals, sir, in our city, cruel! In philistinism, sir, you will see nothing but rudeness and stark poverty. And we, sir, will never escape this crust! Because honest work will never earn us more than our daily bread. And whoever has money, sir, tries to enslave the poor so that he can make even more money from his free labors. Do you know what your uncle, Savel Prokofich, answered to the mayor? The men came to the mayor to complain that he would not disrespect any of them. The mayor began to tell him: “Listen,” he says, Savel Prokofich, pay the men well! Every day they come to me with complaints!” Your uncle patted the mayor on the shoulder and said: “Is it worth it, your honor, for us to talk about such trifles! I have a lot of people every year; You understand: I won’t pay them even a penny per person, but I make thousands out of this, so it’s good for me!” That's it, sir! And among themselves, sir, how they live! They undermine each other's trade, and not so much out of self-interest as out of envy. They are at enmity with each other; They get drunken clerks into their high mansions, such, sir, clerks that there is no human appearance on him, his human appearance is hysterical. And they, for small acts of kindness, scribble malicious slander against their neighbors on stamped sheets. And for them, sir, a trial and a case will begin, and there will be no end to the torment. They sue and sue here, but they go to the province, and there they are waiting for them and splashing their hands with joy. Soon the tale is told, but not soon the deed is done: they are led, led, dragged, dragged; and they are also happy about this dragging, that’s all they need. “I’ll spend it, he says, and it won’t cost him a penny.” I wanted to depict all this in poetry...
Complete the following tasks:
- Answer the questions in writing using a line from the given text.
- Learn close to the text.
1. What could you earn by honest work?
2. How did rich merchants make money?
3. What does Dikoy confess to the mayor without embarrassment?
4. What do drunken clerks do when a merchant takes them into his mansion?
Monologue 2
Kuligin: That’s what a little town we have, sir! They made the boulevard, but they don’t walk. They only go out on holidays, and then they only pretend to be out for a walk, but they themselves go there to show off their outfits. The only thing you will see is a drunken clerk, trudged home from the tavern. The poor, sir, have no time to walk, they work day and night. And they sleep only three hours a day, but what do the rich do? Well, so that, it seems, they don’t walk, don’t breathe fresh air? So no. Everyone has had their gates for a long time, sir, the bans and the dogs have been let loose. Do you think they are doing something or praying to God? No, sir. And they don’t lock themselves away from thieves, but so that people don’t see them eating their own family and tyrannizing their family. And what tears flow behind these constipations, invisible and inaudible! What can I tell you, sir! You can judge for yourself. And what, sir, behind these castles is dark debauchery and drunkenness! And everything is sewn and covered - no one sees or knows anything, only God sees! You, he says, look at me in people and on the street, but you don’t care about my family; for this, he says, I have locks, and constipations, and angry dogs. The family says it’s a secret, secret matter! We know these secrets! Because of these secrets, sir, only he is having fun, and the rest are howling like a wolf. And what's the secret? Who doesn't know him! Rob orphans, relatives, nephews, kill his family so that they don’t dare say a word about anything he does there. That's the whole secret. Well, God be with them! Do you know, sir, who hangs out with them? Young boys and girls. So these people steal an hour or two from sleep, and then walk in pairs. Yes, here are a couple.
Complete the following tasks:
- Answer the questions in writing with a line of text.
- Learn close to the text.
Questions:
- How do the poor live?
- Why do the merchants lock the gates and let their dogs go?
- What secret do merchants keep?
"Fathers and Sons"
I.S. Turgenev
Chapter 3
The places they passed through could not be called picturesque. The fields, all the fields, stretched right up to the sky, now rising slightly, then falling again; Here and there small forests could be seen and, dotted with sparse and low bushes, ravines twisted, reminding the eye of their own image on the ancient plans of Catherine’s time. There were rivers with dug-out banks, and tiny ponds with thin dams, and villages with low huts under dark, often half-swept roofs, and crooked threshing sheds with walls woven from brushwood and yawning gates near empty barns, and churches, sometimes brick with plaster that had fallen off here and there, or wooden ones with leaning crosses and ruined cemeteries. Arkady's heart gradually sank. As if on purpose, the peasants were met all shabby, on bad nags; roadside willows with stripped bark and broken branches stood like beggars in rags; emaciated, rough, as if gnawed, cows greedily nibbled grass in the ditches. It seemed that they had just escaped from someone’s menacing, deadly claws - and, caused by the pitiful appearance of exhausted animals, in the middle of a red spring day, the white ghost of a bleak, endless winter with its blizzards, frosts and snows arose... “No,” thought Arkady , - this is not a rich region, it does not amaze you with either contentment or hard work; it’s impossible, he can’t stay like this, transformations are necessary... but how to carry them out, how to start?..”
Complete the following tasks:
- Learn close to the text.
Questions:
- What do the scattered roofs, threshing sheds with yawning gates, empty threshing floors, churches with peeling plaster and leaning crosses say?
- What kind of transformations did Russia need on the eve of the abolition of serfdom, in your opinion?
N.A. Nekrasov
"Poet and Citizen"
Citizen
Listen: shame on you!
It's time to get up! You know yourself
What time has come;
In whom the sense of duty has not cooled,
Who is incorruptibly straight in heart,
Who has talent, strength, accuracy,
Tom shouldn't sleep now...
Wake up: boldly smash the vices...
It’s a shame to sleep with your talent;
It’s even more shameful in a time of grief
The beauty of the valleys, skies and sea
And sing of sweet affection...
The son cannot look calmly
On my dear mother's grief,
There will be no worthy citizen
I have a cold heart for my homeland -
There is no worse reproach for him...
Go into the fire for the honor of your fatherland,
For conviction, for love,
Go and die perfectly -
You will not die in vain: the matter is strong,
When blood flows underneath...
What is a citizen?
Fatherland worthy son. –
Oh! We will be merchants, cadets,
Bourgeois, officials, nobles,
Even poets are enough for us,
But we need, we need citizens!
Without disgust, without fear
I went to prison and to the place of execution,
I went to courts and hospitals.
I won’t repeat what I saw there...
I swear I honestly hated it
I swear, I truly loved!
So what?.. hearing my sounds,
They considered them black slander;
I had to fold my hands humbly
Or pay with your head...
What was to be done? Recklessly
Blame people, blame fate...
If only I could see a fight
I would fight, no matter how difficult it is,
But... however, the main problem:
I was young, I was young then!
Life slyly beckoned forward,
Like free streams of the sea,
And love tenderly promised
My best blessings -
The soul fearfully retreated...
But no matter how many reasons,
I don't hide the bitter truth
And I timidly bow my head
In the words: an honest citizen.
That fatal, vain flame
To this day it burns my chest,
And I'm glad if someone
He will throw a stone at me with contempt.
Complete the following tasks:
Answer the questions in writing using a line from the text.
2. Memorize all passages.
Questions:
- What time is the citizen talking about?
- What is the purpose of a poet?
- What is a shame to do in times of grief?
- What is the citizen calling the poet to do?
- Who can be called a citizen?
- How does the poet explain his apostasy?
“Who can live well in Rus'?”
Yakim Nagoy lives,
He works himself to death
He drinks until he’s half dead!..” -
The peasants laughed
And they told the master,
What a man Yakim is.
Yakim, wretched old man,
I once lived in St. Petersburg,
Yes, he ended up in jail:
I decided to compete with the merchant!
Like a strip of velcro,
He returned to his homeland
And he took up the plow.
It's been roasting for thirty years since then
On the strip under the sun,
He escapes under the harrow
From frequent rain,
He lives and tinkers with the plow,
And death will come to Yakimushka -
As the lump of earth falls off,
What's stuck on the plow...
There was an incident with him: pictures
He bought it for his son
Hung them on the walls
And I didn't smaller than a boy
I loved looking at them.
God's disfavor has come
The village caught fire -
And it was at Yakimushka’s
accumulated over a century
Thirty-five rubles.
I’d rather take the rubles,
And first he showed pictures
He began to tear it off the wall;
Meanwhile his wife
I was fiddling with icons,
And then the hut collapsed -
Yakim made such a mistake!
The virgins merged into a lump,
For that lump they give him
Eleven rubles...
“Oh brother Yakim! not cheap
The pictures worked!
But to a new hut
I suppose you hung them?”
Hung it up - there are new ones -
Yakim said and fell silent.
The master looked at the plowman:
The chest is sunken; as if pressed in
Stomach; at the eyes, at the mouth
Bends like cracks
On dry ground;
And himself to the ground - mother
He looks like: brown neck,
Like a layer cut off by a plow,
Brick face
Hand - tree bark,
And the hair is sand.
Complete the following tasks:
- Answer the questions in writing in a line of text.
Questions:
- Why did Yakim Nagoy go to prison?
- Why did Yakim save not rubles during the fire, but popular prints?
He had everything he needed
For happiness: and peace of mind,
And money and honor,
An enviable, true honor,
Not bought with money,
Not with fear: with strict truth,
With intelligence and kindness!
Yes, just, I repeat to you,
You are passing in vain
He sits in prison... -
“How so?”
- And God's will!
Have any of you heard,
How the estate rebelled
Landowner Obrubkov,
Frightened province,
Nedykhanev County,
Village Tetanus?..
How to write about fires
In the newspapers (I read them):
"Remained unknown
The reason is the same here:
Until now it is unknown
Not to the zemstvo police officer,
Not to the highest government
Neither the tetanus themselves,
Why did the opportunity arise?
But it turned out to be rubbish.
It took an army.
The Sovereign himself sent
He spoke to the people
Then he’ll try to curse
And shoulders with epaulets
Will lift you high
Then he will try with affection
And chests with royal crosses
In all four directions
It will start turning.
Yes, the abuse was unnecessary here,
And the caress is incomprehensible:
“Orthodox peasantry!
Mother Rus'! Father Tsar!
And nothing more!
Having been beaten enough
They wanted it for the soldiers
Command: fall!
Yes to the volost clerk
A happy thought came here,
It's about Ermila Girin
He said to the boss:
- The people will believe Girin,
The people will listen to him... -
“Call him quickly!”
Complete the following tasks:
1. Answer the questions in writing in a line of text.
Questions:
- What is needed for happiness?
- How did Yermil behave during the rebellion of the estate, in your opinion, why did he end up in prison?
Saveliy, the Holy Russian hero
Grandfather lived in a special room,
Didn't like families
He didn’t let me into his corner;
And she was angry, barking,
His "branded, convict"
My own son was honoring.
Savely will not be angry.
He will go to his little room,
Reads the holy calendar, gets baptized,
And suddenly he will say cheerfully:
“Branded, but not a slave!”...
Had favorite words
And grandfather released them
According to the word in an hour.
"Dead... lost..."
“Oh, you Aniki warriors!
With old people, with women
All you have to do is fight!”
“To be intolerant is an abyss!
To endure it is an abyss!..”
“Why are you, Savelyushka,
Are they called branded, convict?”
I was a convict. -
“You, grandpa?”
- “I, granddaughter!
I'm in the land of the German Vogel
Khristyan Khristianich
Buried a living one... -
“And that’s enough! You’re kidding, grandpa!”
No, I'm not kidding. Listen up! -
And he told me everything.
In pre-teen times
We were also lordly,
Yes, but no landowners,
No German managers
We didn't know then.
We did not rule the corvee,
We didn't pay rent
And so, when it comes to reason,
We'll send you once every three years. -
“How can this be, Savelyushka?”
And they were blessed
Times like these.
No wonder there is a proverb,
What's our side
The devil has been searching for three years.
There are dense forests all around,
The swamps all around are marshy.
No horse can come to us,
Can't go on foot!
Our landowner Shalashnikov
Through animal paths
With his regiment - he was a military man -
Tried to reach us
Yes, I turned my skis!
Zemstvo police are coming to us
Didn’t get in for a year, -
Those were the times!
And now the master is at hand,
The road is good riddance...
Ugh! take her ashes!..
We were only worried
Bears... yes with bears
We managed it easily.
With a knife and a spear
I myself am scarier than the elk,
Along protected paths
I go: “My forest!” - I shout.
I just got scared once.
How to step on a sleepy
A bear in the forest.
And then I didn’t rush to run,
And so he thrust the spear,
It's like it's on a spit
Chicken - spun
I didn’t live for an hour!
My back was crunching at that time,
Pained occasionally
While I was young,
And in old age she bent over.
Isn't it true, Matryonushka,
On the verge 1
do I look like? -
“You started, so finish it!
Well, you lived - you didn’t grieve,
What’s next, head?”
According to Shalashnikov time
I came up with a new thing,
An order comes to us:
“Appear!” We didn't show up
Let's keep quiet, let's not move
In your swamp.
There was a severe drought
The police arrived
We pay tribute to her - with honey and fish!
I came again
Threatens to straighten out with a convoy,
We are animal skins!
And in the third - we are nothing!
Put on old bast shoes,
We put on torn hats,
Skinny Armenians -
And Koryozhina set off!..
They came... (B provincial town
He stood with the Shalashnikov regiment.)
“Obrok!” - There is no rent!
No grain was produced
No smelts were caught... -
“Obrok!” - There is no rent! -
Didn't bother to talk:
“Hey, recess is first!” -
And he began to flog us.
Korezhskaya's money is tight!
Yes racks and Shalashnikov:
The tongues were already getting in the way,
My brains were already shaking
It's in the heads!
Heroic fortification,
Don't use the rod!.. There's nothing to do!
We shout: wait, give us time!
We cut open the onuchi
And the master of the foreheads 2
They brought half a hat.
The fighter Shalashnikov has calmed down!
Something so bitter
He brought it to us to the herbalist,
He drank with us and clinked his glass
With Koryoga conquered:
“Well, fortunately you gave up!
And then - that's God! - I decided
Skin you clean...
I would put it on a drum
And he gave it to the shelf!
Ha ha! haha! haha! haha!
(Laughs - glad for the idea):
If only there was a drum!”
Let's go home dejected...
Two stocky old men
They laugh... Ay, ridges!
Hundred-ruble notes
Home under the shadows
They carry untouched ones!
How stubborn we beggars are -
So that’s what they fought off!
I thought then:
“Well, okay! devils,
You won't get ahead
Laugh at me!”
And the rest became ashamed,
They swore to the church:
“We will not be put to shame in the future,
We will die under the rods!”
The landowner liked it
Korezhsky foreheads,
What a year - calling... calling...
Shalashnikov tore excellently,
And not so great
Income received:
Weak people gave up
And the strong for the patrimony
They stood well.
I also endured
He remained silent and thought:
“No matter how you take it, son of a dog,
But you can’t knock out your whole soul,
Leave something behind!
How will Shalashnikov accept the tribute?
Let's leave - and behind the outpost
Let's divide the profits:
“What money is left!
You’re a fool, Shalashnikov!”
And made fun of the master
Koryoga in turn!
These were proud people!
And now give me a slap -
Police officer, landowner
They're taking their last penny!
But we lived as merchants...
Red summer is coming,
We are waiting for the certificate... It has arrived...
And there is a notice in it,
What Mr. Shalashnikov
Killed near Varna.
We have no regrets,
And a thought fell on my heart:
"Prosperity comes
The peasant is finished!”
And for sure: unprecedented
The heir came up with a solution:
He sent a German to us.
Through the dense forests,
Through swampy swamps
He came on foot, you rascal!
One finger: a cap
Yes, a cane, but in a cane
A shell for fishing.
And at first he was quiet:
"Pay what you can."
- We can’t do anything! -
“I’ll notify the master.”
- Notify!.. - That’s the end of it.
He began to live and live;
Ate more fish;
Sitting on the river with a fishing rod
Yes, hit yourself on the nose,
Then on the forehead - bam yes bam!
We laughed: - You don’t love
Korezh mosquito...
Don’t you love me, don’t you?.. -
Rolling along the shore
Cackling in a wild voice
Like in a bathhouse on a shelf...
With the guys, with the girls
Made friends, wanders through the forest...
No wonder he wandered!
"If you can't pay,
Work!” - What is yours?
Job? - “Dig in
Grooves preferably
Swamp..." We dug...
“Now cut down the forest...”
- OK then! - We chopped
And he was quick to show
Where to cut.
We look: there is a clearing!
How the clearing was cleared,
To the crossbar swamp
He ordered me to drive it along it.
Well, in a word: we realized it,
How did they make the road?
That the German caught us!
I went to town as a couple!
Let's see, he's lucky from the city
Boxes, mattresses;
Where did they come from?
The German has bare feet
Kids and wife.
Took bread and salt with the police officer
And with other zemstvo authorities,
The yard is full of guests!
And then came hard labor
To the Korezh peasant -
Ruined to the bone!
And he tore... like Shalashnikov himself!
Yes, he was simple; will attack
With all our military strength,
Just think: he will kill!
And put the money in, it will fall off,
Neither give nor take bloated
There is a tick in the dog's ear.
The German has a death grip:
Until he lets you go around the world,
It won't go away, it sucks! -
“How did you endure, grandfather?”
That's why we endured
That we are heroes.
This is Russian heroism.
Do you think, Matryonushka,
The man is not a hero?
And his life is not a military one,
And death is not written for him
In battle - what a hero!
Hands are twisted with chains,
Feet forged with iron,
Back...dense forests
We walked along it - we broke down.
What about the breasts? Elijah the prophet
It rattles and rolls around
On a chariot of fire...
The hero endures everything!
And it bends, but does not break,
Doesn't break, doesn't fall...
Isn’t he a hero?”
“You're joking, grandpa! -
I said. - So and so
Mighty hero,
Tea, the mice will eat you!”
I don’t know, Matryonushka.
For now there is a terrible craving
He raised it,
Yes, he went into the ground up to his chest
With effort! By his face
Not tears - blood flows!
I don't know, I can't imagine
What will happen? God knows!
And I’ll say about myself:
How the winter blizzards howled,
How the old bones ached,
I was lying on the stove;
I lay there and thought:
Where have you gone, strength?
What were you useful for? -
Under rods, under sticks
Left for little things! -
“What about the German, grandfather?”
But the German ruled no matter how.
Yes our axes
They lay there for the time being!
We endured for eighteen years.
The German built a factory,
He ordered to dig a well.
Nine of us dug
We worked until half a day,
We want to have breakfast.
A German comes: “Just that?..”
And started us in his own way,
Only ideas, not words, have lasting power over society.
(V. G. Belinsky)
The literature of the 19th century is qualitatively different from the literature of the previous “golden age”. In 1955–1956 freedom-loving and freedom-realizing tendencies in literature are beginning to manifest themselves more and more actively. artwork is endowed with a special function: it must change the system of reference points, reshape consciousness. Sociality becomes important initial stage, and one of the main problems becomes the question of how society distorts a person. Of course, many writers in their works tried to solve the problem posed. For example, Dostoevsky writes “Poor People,” in which he shows the poverty and hopelessness of the lower strata of the population. This aspect was also the focus of playwrights. N.A. Ostrovsky in “The Thunderstorm” showed the cruel morals of the city of Kalinov quite clearly. The audience had to think about social problems, which were characteristic of the entire patriarchal Russia.
The situation in the city of Kalinov is completely typical for all provincial cities of Russia. half of the 19th century century. In Kalinov you can find out and Nizhny Novgorod, and the cities of the Volga region, and even Moscow. The phrase “cruel morals, sir” is pronounced in the first act by one of the main characters of the play and becomes the main motif that is associated with the theme of the city. Ostrovsky in “The Thunderstorm” makes Kuligin’s monologue about cruel morals quite interesting in the context of Kuligin’s other phrases in previous phenomena.
So, the play begins with a dialogue between Kudryash and Kuligin. Men talk about the beauty of nature. Kudryash does not consider the landscape to be anything special; external scenery means little to him. Kuligin, on the contrary, admires the beauty of the Volga: “Miracles, truly it must be said that miracles! Curly! Here, my brother, for fifty years I have been looking across the Volga every day and I still can’t get enough of it”; “The view is extraordinary! Beauty! The soul rejoices." Then other characters appear on the stage, and the topic of conversation changes. Kuligin talks to Boris about life in Kalinov. It turns out that there is, in fact, no life here. Stagnation and stuffiness. This can be confirmed by the phrases of Boris and Katya that you can suffocate in Kalinov. People seem to be deaf to expressions of dissatisfaction, and there are many reasons for dissatisfaction. They are mainly related to social inequality. All the power of the city is concentrated only in the hands of those who have money. Kuligin talks about Dikiy. This is a rude and petty person. Wealth has given him a free hand, so the merchant believes that he has the right to decide who can live and who cannot. After all, many in the city ask for a loan from Dikoy at huge interest rates, while they know that Dikoy most likely will not give this money. People tried to complain about the merchant to the mayor, but this also led to nothing - the mayor actually has absolutely no power. Savl Prokofievich allows himself offensive comments and swearing. More precisely, his speech amounts to only this. He can be called marginal in highest degree: Dikoy drinks often and is devoid of culture. The author's irony is that the merchant is rich materially and completely poor spiritually. It’s as if he doesn’t have those qualities that make a person human. At the same time, there are those who laugh at him. For example, a certain hussar who refused to fulfill the request of the Wild. And Kudryash says that he is not afraid of this tyrant and can answer Diky’s insult.
Kuligin also talks about Marfa Kabanova. This rich widow does cruel things “under the guise of piety.” Her manipulations and treatment of her family can terrify anyone. Kuligin characterizes her as follows: “she gives money to the poor, but completely eats up her family.” The characterization turns out to be quite accurate. Kabanikha seems much more terrible than Dikoya. Her moral violence against loved ones never stops. And these are her children. With her upbringing, Kabanikha turned Tikhon into an adult, infantile drunkard, who would be glad to escape from his mother’s care, but is afraid of her anger. With her hysterics and humiliations, Kabanikha drives Katerina to suicide. At Kabanikha's strong character. The author's bitter irony is that the patriarchal world is led by a powerful and cruel woman.
It is in the first act that cruel morals are most clearly depicted dark kingdom in "The Thunderstorm". Frightening pictures social life contrastingly opposed picturesque landscapes on the Volga. Space and freedom are contrasted with a social swamp and fences. Fences and bolts, behind which residents fenced themselves off from the rest of the world, are clogged in a bank, and, carrying out lynching, are rotting without permission from lack of air.
In "The Thunderstorm" the cruel morals of the city of Kalinov are shown not only in the pair of characters Kabanikh - Dikaya. In addition, the author introduces several more significant characters. Glasha, the Kabanovs' maid, and Feklusha, identified by Ostrovsky as a wanderer, discuss the life of the city. It seems to women that only here the old house-building traditions are still preserved, and the Kabanovs’ house is the last paradise on earth. The wanderer talks about the customs of other countries, calling them incorrect, because there is no Christian faith there. People like Feklusha and Glasha deserve “bestial” treatment from merchants and townsfolk. After all, these people are hopelessly limited. They refuse to understand and accept anything if it diverges from the familiar world. They feel good in the “blah-a-adati” that they have built for themselves. The point is not that they refuse to see reality, but that reality is considered the norm.
Of course, the cruel morals of the city of Kalinov in The Thunderstorm, characteristic of society as a whole, are shown somewhat grotesquely. But thanks to such hyperbole and concentration of negativity, the author wanted to get a reaction from the public: people should realize that change and reform are inevitable. We need to participate in the changes ourselves, otherwise this quagmire will grow to incredible proportions, when outdated orders will subjugate everything, finally eliminating even the possibility of development.
The given description of the morals of the residents of the city of Kalinov can be useful for 10th graders when preparing materials for an essay on the topic “Cruel morals of the city of Kalinov.”
Work test