Such a multifaceted work as Goethe’s “Faust” is capable of opening up to its reader a range of questions, one way or another related to deep meaning human existence. You don’t even need to dive into the rich symbolism of the tragedy to see themes and images that are significant for modern people.
Is harmony possible between reason and feeling?
The dispute about the soul of Faust between the Lord and the evil spirit may seem like a cruel whim. The act of God, who allowed Mephistopheles to tempt Faust, looks inhumane in the light further developments that happened to a medieval healer. And, nevertheless, the dispute that occurs in the soul of every person repeatedly during his life unfolds with no less cruelty and drama. And it leaves no less wounds than Goethe’s fictional Faust received during the tragedy. This dispute is a manifestation of the struggle between reason and feeling, an attempt to form one’s own unique attitude towards one’s own passions, to see passion and the so-called sensory dialogue in a new light. The timeless essence of this problem, the lack of understanding of oneself, from which a person of any era can suffer, is perfectly illustrated by Goethe's Faust. Quotes about a frozen moment and the keys of wisdom in the spring of one’s own soul have long become popular, and have been mentioned countless times in texts dedicated to philosophical understanding the finitude of existence and its fullness of suffering.
The meaning of crime and repentance
Goethe intertwined many lines in the plot. But the writer gave the central place in the whole drama to the motive of the crime. Faust, created by Goethe, resorts to illegal actions more than once after he becomes interested in the young Margarita. And the girl, too, indulging passion, becomes a criminal. First, through a misunderstanding, accidentally killing his mother with a sleeping potion. And then consciously, deliberately taking the life of his own child. But only after both lovers, who had broken the law, last time meet, the narrative will reach its climax, and it will become clear what truths Goethe wanted to show the triumph of. Faust, the analysis of which as a whole work is always difficult, does not contain moral judgments lying on the surface, but invites the reader to dialogue and reflection.
At first there was a matter
An ardent lover, a great doctor, a philosopher trying to penetrate the secrets of existence - these are not all the epithets that can be awarded to Faust as a hero and real personality. The central feature of his character is his readiness for action. At the beginning of the work, the reader finds Faust translating an ancient treatise and sees how the philosopher and healer hesitates when translating the word “logos”.
The hero is inclined to the unconventional formulation “first there was business”, since it is close to his soul. He is always ready to act decisively. Whether it is about saving a life, seducing a young beauty, or conspiring with the Devil, Faust (Goethe) always finds the strength to overcome doubts and take a step. Although he is by no means a simpleton, free from internal tossing. The writer endowed his hero with a kind of golden ratio of character: Faust is simultaneously able to sincerely feel and think deeply about the issues that concern him, without losing the ability to act and make decisions.
QUESTIONS ABOUT THE TRAGEDY OF I.V. GOETHE "FAUST"
- What activities did J.W. Goethe engage in in his life? Where did his creative journey begin?
- What government duties did J.W. Goethe perform?
- What did J.V. Goethe devote himself to while in Italy?
- What is the universality of J.W. Goethe’s talent?
- From what sources did Goethe draw the plot of Faust?
- What are genre features"Fausta"?
- What are Mephistopheles and the Lord arguing about in “Prologue in Heaven”? What is their bet?
- Who is Faust? Why is he disappointed at the end of his life?
- What stops Faust from committing suicide?
- At what point in Faust's life does Mephistopheles appear?
- Why is Mephistopheles the antagonist of Faust?
- What agreement and for what purpose does Faust enter into with Mephistopheles?
- What conditions does Mephistopheles set before Faust?
- Where does Faust meet Margarita? What qualities distinguish this woman?
- What is the fate of Margarita? How does Mephistopheles destroy her? Who caused her death?
- How does Faust travel through time? What is he trying to do for people?
- How do Faust's utopian plans collapse when confronted with reality?
- Who won the argument - Mephistopheles or Faust? Why was Faust's soul saved?
- What is the idea of the tragedy "Faust"?
Card No. 1
Card No. 1 “Goethe began to work on Faust with the daring of a genius. The very theme of "Faust" is a drama about the history of mankind, about the goal human history– was still unclear to him in its entirety; and yet he undertook it in the expectation that halfway through history would catch up with his plan. “Faust” occupies a very special place in the work of the great poet. In it we have the right to see the ideological result of his (more than sixty years) ebullient creative activity. With unheard of courage and with confident, wise caution, Goethe throughout his life (“Faust” began in 1772 and finished a year before the poet’s death, in 1831) put his most cherished dreams and bright guesses. “Faust” is the pinnacle of the thoughts and feelings of the great German. All the best, truly living things in Goethe’s poetry and universal thinking found their most complete expression here.” (N.N. Vilmont)
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Card No. 2
Card No. 2 “The great epic, created by Goethe based on materials from a folk legend, asserted in figurative and poetic form the omnipotence of the human mind. Writers have repeatedly turned to the image of Faust different eras and peoples, but it was Goethe who managed to create an image of such great poetic power and depth. Rethinking it in a new way old legend, the author filled it with deep content and gave it a humanistic sound. His hero is a fearless seeker of truth, never stopping at anything and never being satisfied with anything, a true humanist, a contemporary of Goethe himself in spirit and a like-minded person. In the tragedy "Faust" the whole world history, great story scientific, philosophical and historical thought of the past and present.” (A.A. Anikst)
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Card No. 3
Card No. 3
Card No. 3 “While drawing the image of the devil, the tempter, Goethe at the same time endows him with the features of a progressive, witty thinker. And the fact that he ultimately loses the argument, in the best possible way emphasizes and reinforces the author’s idea that human life has the highest meaning. A great man, he is able to defend his position, overcome any obstacles, resist any temptations in the name of achieving his goal, in the name of affirming his high destiny.” (A.A. Anikst)
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Card No. 4
The result of everything that the mind has accumulated.
He deserves life and freedom."
(I.F. Volkov)
Card No. 4
“The path traveled by Faust symbolizes the path of all humanity. In the dying monologue of the hero, who survived and overcame all temptations, Goethe reveals the highest meaning of life, which for Faust lies in serving people, the eternal thirst for knowledge, and the constant struggle for happiness. On the threshold of death, he is ready to exalt every moment of this work, meaningful with a great goal. However, this rapture is not immediately purchased at the price of abandoning endless improvement. Faust knew highest goal human development and is satisfied with what has been achieved:
This is the thought to which I am completely devoted,
The result of everything that the mind has accumulated.
Only those who have experienced the battle for life
He deserves life and freedom."
(I.F. Volkov)
1. What is the highest meaning of life for Faust?
2. What did Faust strive to know? Did he achieve his goal?
3. Do you think Faust deserved life and freedom?
Card No. 4
“The path traveled by Faust symbolizes the path of all humanity. In the dying monologue of the hero, who survived and overcame all temptations, Goethe reveals the highest meaning of life, which for Faust lies in serving people, the eternal thirst for knowledge, in the constant struggle for happiness. On the threshold of death, he is ready to exalt every moment of this work, meaningful with a great goal. However, this rapture is not immediately purchased at the price of abandoning endless improvement. Faust recognized the highest goal of human development and is satisfied with what has been achieved:
This is the thought to which I am completely devoted,
The result of everything that the mind has accumulated.
Only those who have experienced the battle for life
He deserves life and freedom."
(I.F. Volkov)
1. What is the highest meaning of life for Faust?
2. What did Faust strive to know? Did he achieve his goal?
3. Do you think Faust deserved life and freedom?
Card No. 4
“The path traveled by Faust symbolizes the path of all humanity. In the dying monologue of the hero, who survived and overcame all temptations, Goethe reveals the highest meaning of life, which for Faust lies in serving people, the eternal thirst for knowledge, in the constant struggle for happiness. On the threshold of death, he is ready to exalt every moment of this work, meaningful with a great goal. However, this rapture is not immediately purchased at the price of abandoning endless improvement. Faust recognized the highest goal of human development and is satisfied with what has been achieved:
This is the thought to which I am completely devoted,
The result of everything that the mind has accumulated.
Only those who have experienced the battle for life
He deserves life and freedom."
(I.F. Volkov)
1. What is the highest meaning of life for Faust?
2. What did Faust strive to know? Did he achieve his goal?
3. Do you think Faust deserved life and freedom?
Card No. 1
- What is the theme of the tragedy "Faust"?
- What dreams and hopes did J.V. Goethe express in his creation?
Card No. 1 “Goethe began to work on Faust with the daring of a genius. The very theme of Faust - a drama about the history of mankind, about the purpose of human history - was still unclear to him in its entirety; and yet he undertook it in the expectation that halfway through history would catch up with his plan. “Faust” occupies a very special place in the work of the great poet. In it we have the right to see the ideological result of his (more than sixty years) vigorous creative activity. With unheard-of courage and with confident, wise caution, Goethe throughout his life (“Faust” began in 1772 and finished a year before the poet’s death, in 1831) invested his most cherished dreams and brightest guesses into this creation. “Faust” is the pinnacle of the thoughts and feelings of the great German. All the best, truly living things in Goethe’s poetry and universal thinking found their most complete expression here.” (N.N. Vilmont)
|
Card No. 2
Card No. 2 “The great epic, created by Goethe based on materials from a folk legend, asserted in figurative and poetic form the omnipotence of the human mind. Writers of various eras and peoples repeatedly turned to the image of Faust, but it was Goethe who managed to create an image of such great poetic power and depth. Having reinterpreted the ancient legend in a new way, the author filled it with deep content and gave it a humanistic sound. His hero is a fearless seeker of truth, never stopping at anything and never being satisfied with anything, a true humanist, a contemporary of Goethe himself in spirit and a like-minded person. In the tragedy “Faust” the whole world history appears before us, the great history of scientific, philosophical and historical thought of the past and present.” (A.A. Anikst)
|
Card No. 3
“While drawing the image of the devil, the tempter, Goethe at the same time endows him with the features of a progressive, witty thinker. And the fact that he ultimately loses the argument best emphasizes and strengthens the author’s idea that human life has a higher meaning. A great man, he is able to defend his position, overcome any obstacles, resist any temptations in the name of achieving his goal, in the name of affirming his high destiny.” (A.A. Anikst)
- Do you agree with the opinion of A.A. Is it true that I.V. Goethe endows Mephistopheles with “the traits of a progressive, witty thinker”? Justify your answer.
- What idea does the author emphasize when Mephistopheles loses the argument?
Card No. 3
“While drawing the image of the devil, the tempter, Goethe at the same time endows him with the features of a progressive, witty thinker. And the fact that he ultimately loses the argument best emphasizes and strengthens the author’s idea that human life has a higher meaning. A great man, he is able to defend his position, overcome any obstacles, resist any temptations in the name of achieving his goal, in the name of affirming his high destiny.” (A.A. Anikst)
- Do you agree with the opinion of A.A. Is it true that I.V. Goethe endows Mephistopheles with “the traits of a progressive, witty thinker”? Justify your answer.
- What idea does the author emphasize when Mephistopheles loses the argument?
Card No. 3 “While drawing the image of the devil, the tempter, Goethe at the same time endows him with the features of a progressive, witty thinker. And the fact that he ultimately loses the argument best emphasizes and strengthens the author’s idea that human life has a higher meaning. A great man, he is able to defend his position, overcome any obstacles, resist any temptations in the name of achieving his goal, in the name of affirming his high destiny.” (A.A. Anikst)
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Card No. 5
- Parchments do not quench thirst.
- Don't touch distant antiquities.
- What are the difficulties when we are on our own
We hinder and harm ourselves!
Liveliest and best dreams
- Only those who have experienced the battle for life
He deserves life and freedom.
- Disputes are conducted with words,
Systems are created from words...
Card No. 5
Read aphorisms from “Faust” by J.V. Goethe. How do you understand them?
- Parchments do not quench thirst.
The key to wisdom is not on the pages of books.
Who strives for the secrets of life with every thought,
He finds their spring in his soul.
- Don't touch distant antiquities.
We cannot break her seven seals.
- What are the difficulties when we are on our own
We hinder and harm ourselves!
We are unable to overcome gray boredom,
For the most part, hunger of the heart is alien to us,
And we consider it an idle chimera
Anything beyond everyday needs.
Liveliest and best dreams
They perish in us amid the bustle of life.
- Have you thought in your work,
Who is your work intended for?
- Only those who have experienced the battle for life
He deserves life and freedom.
- Suha, my friend, theory is everywhere,
And the tree of life grows lushly green.
- Disputes are conducted with words,
Systems are created from words...
Card No. 5
Read aphorisms from “Faust” by J.V. Goethe. How do you understand them?
- Parchments do not quench thirst.
The key to wisdom is not on the pages of books.
Who strives for the secrets of life with every thought,
He finds their spring in his soul.
- Don't touch distant antiquities.
We cannot break her seven seals.
- What are the difficulties when we are on our own
We hinder and harm ourselves!
We are unable to overcome gray boredom,
For the most part, hunger of the heart is alien to us,
And we consider it an idle chimera
Anything beyond everyday needs.
Liveliest and best dreams
They perish in us amid the bustle of life.
- Have you thought in your work,
Who is your work intended for?
- Only those who have experienced the battle for life
He deserves life and freedom.
- Suha, my friend, theory is everywhere,
And the tree of life grows lushly green.
- Disputes are conducted with words,
Systems are created from words...
Card No. 6
Card No. 6
“The image of Mephistopheles is a complex and ambiguous image. On the one hand, he is the embodiment of evil forces, doubt, and destruction. He affirms the insignificance, helplessness and uselessness of any person; says that a person uses his mind only to “become a beast from beasts.” Mephistopheles strives by any means to prove the moral weakness of people, their inability to resist temptations. Becoming Faust’s companion, he tries in every possible way to deceive him, to lead him “in the wrong way,” to instill doubt in his soul. Trying to lead the hero astray from his path, to distract him from high aspirations, he intoxicates him with a potion, arranges meetings with Margarita, hoping that, succumbing to passion, Faust will forget about his duty to the truth. Mephistopheles' task is to seduce the hero, force him to plunge into a sea of base pleasures, and abandon his ideals. If he had succeeded, he would have won the main debate - about the greatness or insignificance of man. By taking Faust into the world of low passions, he would prove that people are not much different from animals. However, here he fails - “the human spirit and proud aspirations” turn out to be higher than any pleasures.
On the other hand, Goethe puts a very deep meaning into the image of Mephistopheles, giving him almost main role in the development of the plot, in the hero’s knowledge of the world and the achievement of the great truth. Along with Faust, he is the driving principle of tragedy." (N.N. Vilmont)
- Why is the image of Mephistopheles complex and ambiguous?
- What is the task of Mephistopheles, who accompanies Faust everywhere?
- What role does I.V. Goethe assign to Mephistopheles in the development of the plot of the drama?
Card No. 6
“The image of Mephistopheles is a complex and ambiguous image. On the one hand, he is the embodiment of evil forces, doubt, and destruction. He affirms the insignificance, helplessness and uselessness of any person; says that a person uses his mind only to “become a beast from beasts.” Mephistopheles strives by any means to prove the moral weakness of people, their inability to resist temptations. Becoming Faust’s companion, he tries in every possible way to deceive him, to lead him “in the wrong way,” to instill doubt in his soul. Trying to lead the hero astray from his path, to distract him from high aspirations, he intoxicates him with a potion, arranges meetings with Margarita, hoping that, succumbing to passion, Faust will forget about his duty to the truth. Mephistopheles' task is to seduce the hero, force him to plunge into a sea of base pleasures, and abandon his ideals. If he had succeeded, he would have won the main debate - about the greatness or insignificance of man. By taking Faust into the world of low passions, he would prove that people are not much different from animals. However, here he fails - “the human spirit and proud aspirations” turn out to be higher than any pleasures.
On the other hand, Goethe puts a very deep meaning into the image of Mephistopheles, assigning him almost the main role in the development of the plot, in the hero’s knowledge of the world and the achievement of the great truth. Along with Faust, he is the driving principle of tragedy." (N.N. Vilmont)
- Why is the image of Mephistopheles complex and ambiguous?
- What is the task of Mephistopheles, who accompanies Faust everywhere?
- What role does I.V. Goethe assign to Mephistopheles in the development of the plot of the drama?
Card No. 6
“The image of Mephistopheles is a complex and ambiguous image. On the one hand, he is the embodiment of evil forces, doubt, and destruction. He affirms the insignificance, helplessness and uselessness of any person; says that a person uses his mind only to “become a beast from beasts.” Mephistopheles strives by any means to prove the moral weakness of people, their inability to resist temptations. Becoming Faust’s companion, he tries in every possible way to deceive him, to lead him “in the wrong way,” to instill doubt in his soul. Trying to lead the hero astray from his path, to distract him from high aspirations, he intoxicates him with a potion, arranges meetings with Margarita, hoping that, succumbing to passion, Faust will forget about his duty to the truth. Mephistopheles' task is to seduce the hero, force him to plunge into a sea of base pleasures, and abandon his ideals. If he had succeeded, he would have won the main debate - about the greatness or insignificance of man. By taking Faust into the world of low passions, he would prove that people are not much different from animals. However, here he fails - “the human spirit and proud aspirations” turn out to be higher than any pleasures.
On the other hand, Goethe puts a very deep meaning into the image of Mephistopheles, assigning him almost the main role in the development of the plot, in the hero’s knowledge of the world and the achievement of the great truth. Along with Faust, he is the driving principle of tragedy." (N.N. Vilmont)
- Why is the image of Mephistopheles complex and ambiguous?
- What is the task of Mephistopheles, who accompanies Faust everywhere?
- What role does I.V. Goethe assign to Mephistopheles in the development of the plot of the drama?
PRACTICUM
AFTER THE TRAGEDY OF J.W. GOETHE “FAUST”
(QUESTIONS AND TASKS)
Essay on the topic “Faust's Questions” based on the work “Faust” by Goethe. What a god I am! I know my appearance. I am a blind worm, I am the stepson of nature... (Goethe. “Faust.”) Almost every person, sooner or later, inevitably asks himself questions: “Can I compete with fate? Can her smile and anger be controlled by me? What is happiness and freedom? Is it necessary to console yourself with future heavenly happiness while denying yourself the storms of passion here on Earth? Is God's wrath so terrible? Is there even a force watching our every step?” Thinking about this, we try to answer the questions posed in different ways. If you turn to fiction, heroes tormented by such questions will not be difficult to find. This is Hamlet and Mtsyri. Long ago, long ago, I decided to look at the distant fields, to find out whether we were born into this world for freedom or prison. (M.Yu. Lermontov “Mtsyri”). The hero of the poem challenges God himself. To be or not to be, that is the question. Resign yourself to the blows of fate, Or must you show resistance And in mortal combat with the whole world of troubles, end them? (W. Shakespeare “Hamlet”). What questions of existence torment Faust? What was he thinking about? sitting in a gothic room with vaulted ceilings? He, a scientist striving to understand the laws of the universe, has “an internal connection to the universe.” What a noble occupation! Why is Faust sad? In spite of my blues, I’m still in this kennel... The hero is worried about his question: are the laws of existence comprehended by mere mortals? Is he, who has studied many sciences, capable of competing with the gods?
It is no coincidence that the Spirit, who came to talk with Faust, ironically calls him a superman, because he receives a daring answer: Whoever you are, I, Faust, mean no less! Faust is a very brave man; he is not afraid of bonfires and crucifixions that threaten people of inquisitive minds. However, the mocking words of the Spirit hurt him deeply. I decided that I was brighter than the seraphim, Stronger and more powerful than a genius, And destroyed by the word of thunder. You need to prove to yourself that the desire for knowledge is stronger than fear! Faust decides to look beyond the mortal line. Mephistopheles is ready to become the teacher and guide of the daredevil. Collapse the vaults of the Stone Cell! With complete freedom, flow through the cracks Blue! Although the hero hesitates, curiosity and the desire for incredible emotions push him to make a deal. Faust was tired of sermons about humility of the soul, the monotony of life, and the petty passions of people. He is filled with calls of carnal pleasures. which are condemned. He wants to know everything in life. I curse the world of appearances, Deceptive as a layer of rouge. And the seduction of a family man, Children. The household and the wife, And our dreams, half Unfulfillable, I swear! I curse the patience of a fool. And Faust sells his soul to the evil one, although doubt about that initially lives in him. that Mephistopheles is able to open before him all the doors of knowledge, passions and pleasures.
In the words of Faust, Goethe tells us about all human vices, about the power of money, the excitement of card entertainment, about the delights of honor and recognition, about fame, about the sweets of vicious love pleasures. WHICH GET BORED QUICKLY. In Faust himself there lives a spirit of negation worthy of Mephistopheles. Nevertheless, it is vices that are the cherished fruit that so attracts people and never satiates them... It will last my whole life, all the torture, all the filth of insignificance, all the emptiness! He will drink - and will not get enough to drink, He will eat - and he will not be full... (Mephistopheles about Faust). We watch as Faust flies away after the evil one. He chose his path of knowledge, chose the one who would answer the question: “Am I a god or a stepson of nature?” But there is no peace in my soul. for the path ahead of the hero will be difficult.
Aesthetic problems and the meaning of the composition of the drama “Faust”.
The prologue in the sky and the contract scene, which create a kind of semantic frame not only for the first part, but also for the future second part, appeared during the work on the first part. In the prologue, the Lord and Mephistopheles argue about the purpose of man and the boundaries of the human spirit: M claims that man is evil by nature and that he can be satisfied with primitive animal pleasures, G believes in the boundlessness of quests and vague aspirations, which, despite all misconceptions, will lead kind person on true path. Faust was chosen as the bet in this dispute. Already in this scene, the stylistic polyphony clearly appears, permeating the entire poetic structure of the tragedy: the high biblical style (chorus of angels) alternates with the casually colloquial, familiar speeches of Mephistopheles. In the same way, in Faust’s first monologue, colloquial verse suddenly turns into high pathos of iambic lines, and everyday scenes, reduced to the brink of obscenity, are replaced by deeply lyrical songs of Margarita and philosophical reflections of Faust. A special place in the first part is occupied by “Dedication” and “Theatrical Introduction”, with which the tragedy begins. “Dedication” is a heartfelt lyrical verse, which contains both a mournful memory of youth and departed friends, and reflection on the fate of the future creation. In the poet’s consciousness, the past and the present, personally experienced and the artistic world he created are fused. “Theater Entry” is a conversation between the Theater Director, the Poet and the Comedian about the tasks of the theatrical spectacle, the mission of art and the artist, which everyone interprets in their own way. In aphoristically compressed verses, G formulates his theoretical ideas about the organizing and transformative role of art The second part of the tragedy is permeated with symbolism, allegories, mythological images and associations. The fantastic element sharply intensifies and becomes dominant. The “small world” of earthly human relations in the first part is replaced by the “big world”: history (ancient and medieval) and the cosmic scope of nature. In the second part, the problem of empirical motivation is removed. In the second part, each act is a play in its own right. In the second part there is classical dramaturgy: the introduction of a chorus, beyond the action - epic. In general, the genre for reading is drama, which the author himself designated - tragedy. 2 Walpurgis nights: medieval and ancient. The medieval walpurg night is a temptation that a person cannot help but succumb to (after Gretchen kills the child, F himself kills Valentin, Gr’s brother, and is forced to flee). Antique valp n-harmony (Sphinx, Grifen - man is harmonious with nature). "F" - reflected the problems of the era of enlightenment and fertilized the literature and art of the last time for a long time.
Goethe. Tragedy Faust. Questions about the work!! ! Help who read!!! and got the best answer
Answer from GALINA[guru]
Night. The office of a medieval scientist.
Doctor Faust sits in gloomy thoughtfulness. Desperate to unravel the secrets of nature, to find the meaning of existence, he decides to die. Like a call of love, youth and happiness, the cheerful song of girls can be heard outside. Faust is confused; the cup of poison trembles in his hand. It is the night of Holy Easter, Blagovest saves Faust from suicide. “I have been returned to the earth, thanks for this to you, holy chants!”
But outside of himself, he curses everything earthly, science, God, who are unable to return to him the fire and faith of his youth. In desperation, Faust appeals to the evil spirit. Mephistopheles instantly appears in front of him. He offers Faust gold, fame, power. But Faust yearns only for beautiful youth, capable of returning love.
God allows Mephistopheles to subject Faust to any temptations, to bring him down to any abyss, believing that his instincts will lead Faust out of the dead end. Mephistopheles, as a true spirit of negation, accepts the argument, promising to make Faust grovel and “eat the dust of a shoe.”
A grandiose-scale struggle between good and evil, great and insignificant, sublime and base begins.
Mephistopheles, ready to fulfill his every desire, evokes a vision of Margarita. In return, he demands that after death Faust belongs entirely to him. The condition is signed; Faust accepts a cup of magic drink from the hands of Mephistopheles.
Ordinary townspeople and peasants feast in the square. Faust appears, shining with youth and beauty, and they now
bow to him and give way.
But this sincere recognition does not please the hero. He does not overestimate his own merits.
He is not even attracted to young beauties swirling in a whirlwind of a waltz.
5-6.Testing in once again Bitterness from the irreparable nature of what happened, Faust exclaims: “I offered barter with me, not violence, not robbery. For deafness to my words, curse you, curse you!”
He is feeling tired. He is old again and feels that life is coming to an end again. But another blow awaits him - Faust goes blind. However, he distinguishes the sound of shovels, movement, and voices. He is overcome by frantic joy and energy - he understands that his cherished goal is already dawning.
The blind Faust is unaware that Mephistopheles played an insidious trick on him. Around Faust, it is not builders who are swarming in the ground, but lemurs, evil spirits. At the direction of the devil, they dig Faust's grave.
The hero, meanwhile, is filled with happiness. In a spiritual impulse, he pronounces his last monologue, where he concentrates the experience gained on the tragic path of knowledge. Now he understands that it is not power, not wealth, not fame, not even the possession of the most beautiful woman on earth that grants the truly highest moment of existence. Only a common action, equally necessary for everyone and realized by everyone, can give life the highest completeness.
This is how a semantic bridge stretches to the discovery made by Faust even before meeting Mephistopheles: “In the beginning there was a thing.” He understands that “only those who have experienced the battle for life deserve life and freedom.”