Learn about what an artifact is. Find out what an artifact is About the ancient stone map of Siberia found by Chuvyrov

20.10.2019

Artifact[lat. artefactum - artificially made] - a fact that is not characteristic of the natural course of a given process and is caused artificially. In experimental psychology, A. refers to data generated by the methodology itself or the conditions of studying the process and in fact not characteristic of it. In criminal psychology, A. refers to artificially induced (for example, for the purpose of simulation) processes and states.

A.A. Brudny

Definitions, meanings of words in other dictionaries:

Large dictionary of esoteric terms - edited by Doctor of Medical Sciences Stepanov A.M.

(from Latin arte - artificially, factus - made), formations or processes that are not normally characteristic of the object being studied and usually arise during its research.

Symbols; signs; emblems: Encyclopedia / author-comp. V.E. Baghdasaryan; I.B. Orlov; V.L. Telitsyn

ARTIFACT (from Latin ars - art and factum - made) - an artistic object that symbolizes man-made world technology, autonomous in relation to the non-man-made world of nature. In the narrow sense of the word, an artifact can be defined as a type of design devoid of specific...

Psychological Dictionary

(from Latin artefactum - artificially made) - experimental - a result arising from deviations in the conduct of the experiment or from defects in the methodology itself. In particular, the results can be disrupted by the effect of suggestion on the subject.

Psychological Encyclopedia

Word formation. Comes from Lat. artefactum - artificially made. Category. The result of the experiment. Specificity. Deviation from the normal pattern. Occurs due to irregularities in the conduct of the experiment or due to defects in the experimental technique. IN...

Psychological Encyclopedia

(Artifact). Factors not implied in a laboratory experiment that can affect changes in the independent variable (for example, the subject understands that he is the object of observation by the experimenter).

artefactum- artificially made) - a phenomenon, process, object, property of an object or process, the appearance of which under observed conditions for natural reasons is impossible or unlikely. The appearance of an artifact, therefore, is a sign of targeted interference in the observed process, or the presence of some unaccounted factors.

Types of artifacts

In archeology, a man-made object studied by archaeology.
In any scientific experiment - an experimental result (or a deviation of an experimental result, which has the properties of stability and reproducibility), the reason for the appearance of which is the influence of the means of conducting the experiment on the process being studied, defects in the methodology, the influence of a subjective factor (suggestion or self-hypnosis of the subject or experimenter).
In signal processing and reproduction (optics, communications, audio recording, photography, video recording) - a defect reproducible under certain conditions, noise in a signal, image, sound recording, the cause of which is systematic interference or features of the technical means used.
In computer graphics, undesirable features of a computer-generated image that appear under certain conditions (transitions in brightness or color, image movement, output modes designed to speed up work, insufficiently high-quality texture compression, and so on). Outwardly they may look like moire, color distortions, unsmooth lines, inconsistent movement of parts of the image, gaps between polygons, etc. Compression artifacts are quite common.
In documentary - a noise element on a document, perhaps not created specifically (spots, random features) and not part of the document, but making it unique.
A cultural artifact is an artificially created object that has iconic or symbolic content. Cultural artifacts can be objects and things created by people, as well as phenomena of the spiritual life of society: scientific theories, superstitions, works of art and folklore.
A clinical artifact is a special behavioral disorder that occurs in patients of psychiatric clinics as a reaction to a new, stressful situation in which they find themselves (often forced hospitalization, lack of meaningful activities, restriction social contacts etc.). They overlap with the main symptoms, thereby complicating the current diagnosis. To a large extent, clinical artifacts can be smoothed out by organizing occupational therapy and group forms of exercise for patients.
In art theory, it is a contender for the title of a work of art.
In science fiction, it is a unique object that has its own history and characteristics (magical, if the genre is fantasy).
In computer games, a rare, unique item that gives the player significant game advantages (especially common in games with role-playing elements and online games, for example, in the Heroes of Might and Magic series or in the S.T.A.L.K.E.R. series).
In magic, an object that has unusual, supernatural properties.

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See what “Artifact” is in other dictionaries:

Artifact... Spelling dictionary-reference book

artifact- (from Latin artefactum artificially made) a fact that is not characteristic of the natural course of a given process and is caused artificially. In experimental psychology, A. means data generated by the very methodology of studying the process and on ... Great psychological encyclopedia

Artifact- (lat. artefactus jasandy іstelgen) tabigilyktan thousand, koldan jasalgan nәrse, madeniettіn zhemіsi. Artifact retinde tek denelik belgileri emes, sonymen birge tanbalyk, rammizdik masmuna bar kez kelgen jasandy narse karastyrylana alada. Madeni... ... Philosophy terminerdin sozdigi

- (from Latin artificially made) in the usual sense, any artificially created object; This concept came to cultural studies from archeology, where it was used to distinguish between natures. and arts. objects. In aesthetics the term... ... Encyclopedia of Cultural Studies

- [Dictionary foreign words Russian language

- (from Latin artefactum artificially made) ..1) an object manufactured, made by a person2)] A process or formation that is not normally characteristic of the object being studied and usually arises during its research. For example, when fixing histological... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (from Latin artefactum artificially made) an experimental result arising from deviations in the conduct of the experiment or from defects in the technique itself. In particular, the results can be disrupted by the influence of suggestion on the subject... Psychological Dictionary

- (from the Latin artefactum artificially made), a process or formation that is not normally characteristic of the body, but is caused by the research method itself. A. is usually due to the method. and technical errors or random factors. For example, when... ... Biological encyclopedic dictionary

- (microbiol.) a phenomenon unusual for the observed object, leading to distortion of the research results. With a microscope, research method A occurs due to a violation of the method of collecting material, preparing a smear, especially its fixation and ... Dictionary of microbiology

Noun, number of synonyms: 4 monument (17) process (55) factor (29) ... Dictionary of synonyms

- (from Latin artefactum artificially made) English. artefact/artifact; German Artifact. 1. Man-made object. 2. A tool processed by prehistoric man. Antinazi. Encyclopedia of Sociology, 2009 ... Encyclopedia of Sociology

ARTIFACT

(from lat. - artificially made) in the usual sense, any artificially created object; This concept came to cultural studies from archeology, where it was used to distinguish between natures. and arts. objects.

In aesthetics the term is used etymologically, i.e. directly to designate objects created specifically to function in the art system. In the interpretation of the institutional school in aesthetics, any real object can act as A. in the appropriate environment (in particular, this is what D. Dickey thinks in his work “Art and Aesthetics: An Introduction to Institutional Analysis”, 1974). In this case, A. is understood as any object that is artistic. work. In modern In aesthetics, a distinction is usually made between art and art. work. A., as a rule, has a material embodiment and is a carrier of def. artist meanings. Structuralists, in addition, distinguish between A. and aesthetic. object. Here A. acts as a kind of “external symbol” (Mukarzhovsky) aesthetic.object.

B ate. time, due to increased interest in the problem of shared ideas as cultural sites, the concept of A. began to be developed more actively. Some culturologists understand A. as any art, education, both physical and ideological, created for functioning in a specialized field. spheres of cultures and systems. A. distinguished as elementary unit arts, peace, which is all the more relevant because There is still no “theory of art.” object." In this case, A. allows you to see from a single point of view. diff. cultural objects as “made” integrity (e.g. installations); trace their generation, existence and destruction, their unification into certain functional and symbolic ones. patterns and forms, holistic cultural contexts, semantic fields.

A. has three basics. its constituent elements: psychoanalytic. (establishes a connection between A. and anthropopol. impulse), structural (reveals the communicative-functional dominant) and hermeneutic (defines the horizons of understanding and interpretation).

A. functions in a cultural-semantic environment. fields (e.g. liters), which constitutes A. and determines its material carrier. A. is polysemantic and therefore represents an abstract carrier of cultural semantics, which manifests itself in different ways. contexts of use (for example, the transcultural image of Don Quixote).

To the main modalities of existence of A. can be attributed: material (a form of objectification of an artificial object), functional (sum of modifications when using it); semantic (its meanings, implications, value in the contexts of sociocultural communication).

Lit.: Berdyaev N.A. Man and machine (Problem of sociology and metaphysics of technology) // VF. 1989. No. 2; Mumford L. The Myth of the Machine // Vestn. Moscow un-ta. Ser. 12. Socio-political, research. 1992. No. 1; New technocratic wave in the West: Sat. texts. M., 1986; Espinoza Server A. Who is a person? Philosophy anthropology // This is a man: An Anthology. M., 1995.

A. B. Red-Eyed

Culturology. XX century Encyclopedia. 1998 .

Artifact

(from Latin are - craft, art and factum - made) In modern aesthetics and art history, this term is used to generally refer to works contemporary art, as a rule, going beyond traditional genres and types, products of modern art practices, art projects. The term came into aesthetics from archeology, where it refers to any artificially created objects. A., as a rule, refers to all kinds of visual and audiovisual spatial objects, installations, assemblages, actions, etc. V. Bychkov, in the system of his non-classical aesthetics, uses the term A. in opposition to the term “artephenomenon”. The latter designates works of avant-garde art (see: Avant-garde) of the 20th century, included in the field of Culture; and the term A. - any works of contemporary art belonging to the field of POST-culture (see: POST-). According to this classification, A. are typical experimental products of the transitional stage of culture, having practically no spiritual, aesthetic or artistic value. Their significance is outside the traditional semantic and cultural fields, to some extent it is still hermetic and will be more fully illuminated by the science of the future.

Lexicon of nonclassics. Artistic and aesthetic culture of the 20th century.. V.V.Bychkov. 2003.

Artifact

(lat. artefactum arte – artificially + factus – made)

in the usual sense, any artificially created object, a product of human activity. In cultural studies, it is a carrier of socio-cultural information, life-semantic meanings, and a means of communication.

any artificially made object, an object of culture in three main spheres of its existence: material culture, spiritual culture, human relations.

a process or formation that is not characteristic of an object in its normal state and usually arises during its study. In culture, any artificially created object that has both certain physical characteristics, and sign or symbolic content.

☼ in the usual sense, any artificially created object; This concept came to cultural studies from archeology, where it was used to distinguish between natures. and arts. objects.

In aesthetics the term is used etymologically, i.e. directly to designate objects created specifically to function in the art system. In the interpretation of the institutional school in aesthetics, any real object can act as A. in the appropriate environment (in particular, this is what D. Dickey believes in his work “Art and Aesthetics: An Introduction to Institutional Analysis”, 1974). In this case, A. is understood as any object that is artistic. work. In modern In aesthetics, a distinction is usually made between art and art. work. A., as a rule, has a material embodiment and is a carrier of def. artist meanings. Structuralists, in addition, distinguish between A. and aesthetic. object. Here A. acts as a kind of “external symbol” (Mukarzhovsky) of an aesthetic object.

In the last time, due to increased interest in the problem of shared ideas as cultural objects, the concept of A. began to be developed more actively. Some culturologists understand A. as any art. education, both physical and ideational, created for functioning in specialized education. spheres of cultures and systems. A. is singled out as an elementary unit of the arts, the world, which is all the more relevant because There is still no “theory of art.” object." In this case, A. allows you to see from a single point of view. diff. cultural objects as “made” wholes (for example, installations); trace their generation, existence and destruction, their unification into certain functional and symbolic ones. patterns and forms, holistic cultural contexts, semantics. fields.

A. has three basics. its constituent elements: psychoanalytic. (establishes a connection between A. and anthropological impulse), structural (reveals the communicative-functional dominant) and hermeneutic (determines the horizons of understanding and interpretation).

A. functions in a cultural-semantic environment. fields (for example, lit-ry), which constitutes A. and determines its material carrier. A. is polysemantic and therefore represents an abstract carrier of cultural semantics, which manifests itself in different ways. contexts of use (for example, the transcultural image of Don Quixote).

To the main The modalities of the existence of architecture can be classified as: material (a form of objectification of an artificial object), functional (the sum of modifications during its use); semantic (its meanings, implications, value in the contexts of sociocultural communication).

Lit.: Berdyaev N.A. Man and machine (Problem of sociology and metaphysics of technology) // VF. 1989. No. 2; Mumford L. The Myth of the Machine // Vestn. Moscow un-ta. Ser. 12. Socio-political. research. 1992. No. 1; New technocratic wave in the West: Sat. texts. M., 1986; Espinoza Server A. Who is a person? Philosophy anthropology // This is a man: An Anthology. M., 1995.

A. B. Krasnoglazov.

Cultural studies of the twentieth century. Encyclopedia. M.1996

Big explanatory dictionary in cultural studies.. Kononenko B.I. . 2003.

Synonyms:

See what “ARTIFACT” is in other dictionaries:

Artifact... Spelling dictionary-reference book

- [Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

from lat. artefactum - artificially made) - any artificial object, cultural object; physical object; idea or image; technology; form of behavior and relationships; grade.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

ARTIFACT (from Latin - artificially made)

In the usual sense, any artificially created object; This concept came to cultural studies from archeology, where it was used to distinguish between natures. and arts. objects.

In aesthetics the term is used etymologically, i.e. directly to designate objects created specifically to function in the art system. In the interpretation of the institutional school in aesthetics, any real object can act as A. in the appropriate environment (in particular, this is what D. Dickey believes in his work “Art and Aesthetics: An Introduction to Institutional Analysis,” 1974). In this case, A. is understood as any object that is artistic. work. In modern In aesthetics, a distinction is usually made between art and art. work. A., as a rule, has a material embodiment and is a carrier of def. artist meanings. Structuralists, in addition, distinguish between A. and aesthetic. object. Here A. acts as a kind of “external symbol” (Mukarzhovsky) of an aesthetic object.

B ate. time, due to increased interest in the problem of shared ideas as cultural objects, the concept of A. began to be developed more actively. Some culturologists understand A. as any art, education, both physical and ideological, created for functioning in a specialized field. spheres of cultures and systems. A. is singled out as an elementary unit of the arts, the world, which is all the more relevant because There is still no “theory of the art object.” In this case, A. allows you to see from a single point of view. diff. cultural objects as “made” wholes (eg installations); trace their generation, existence and destruction, their unification into certain functional and symbolic ones. patterns and forms, holistic cultural contexts, semantics. fields.

Lit.: Berdyaev N.A. Man and machine (Problem of sociology and metaphysics of technology) // VF. 1989. No. 2; Mumford L. The Myth of the Machine // Vestn. Moscow un-ta. Ser. 12. Socio-political, research. 1992. No. 1; New technocratic wave in the West: Sat. texts. M., 1986; Espinoza Server A. Who is a person? Philosophy anthropology // This is a man: An Anthology. M., 1995.

Excellent definition

Incomplete definition ↓

Or some single, sometimes random event. Examples of artifacts are stone tools, jewelry, weapons, ceramics, buildings and their parts, coals of an ancient fire, bones with traces of human impact, etc. Artifacts are studied by archaeologists, who excavate archaeological sites, examine and publish findings and results of excavations, and restore according to these data, the historical past of mankind. Artifacts of scientific or artistic value are displayed in museums and exhibitions.

Encyclopedic YouTube

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5 Ancient Artifacts That Shouldn't Exist

Archaeologists of the Caucasus find unique artifacts

Ancient Rus': archeology, mythology, language, state

Subtitles

Hello friends. There are still many secret and unsolved things on our planet. Thus, archaeologists and scientists from all over the world regularly come across finds that simply do not fit into their heads. Now you will see 5 real ancient artifacts that simply should not exist in our reality. 5. Amazing Tomb Find This strikingly clock-like object was discovered in 2008 in a Ming Dynasty tomb. It lay there for about 500 years. At first, archaeologists thought it was a ring, but it turned out to be a tiny gold chronometer. It is alleged that on the reverse side there was the inscription Swiss, which means "Swiss". The question arises: how did a Ming Dynasty tomb, which existed from the 14th to the 17th centuries, end up with a watch that could not have been produced earlier than the 18th century? Ring watches gained popularity in Europe as early as the late 1700s. But in China, during the Ming era, no one could know about them. At the same time, the watch was found inside the coffin itself. How could they end up in an ancient tomb? The most absurd version is that this ring watch was lost by time travelers. Also some people associate this strange find with grave robbers. In addition, there are theories linking this find to the Knights Templar, who are rumored to be one of the founders of Switzerland. Be that as it may, the real truth remains unknown. 4. Nampa figurine In 1889, in the city of Nampa, Idaho, workers while drilling a well at a depth of 97 meters discovered a skillfully made figurine. It was found under layers of ancient soils, basalt, clay and sand. The composition of the soil in which it was discovered suggests that this figurine is about 2 million years old. In addition, studies were carried out on iron oxides, which were identified at that depth in the clay and on the figurine itself. They turned out to be almost identical, which may indicate that the figurine’s age was correctly determined. It is believed that only a modern person, who has existed for about 300 thousand years, could make such a figurine. However, 2 million years ago such people simply did not exist on our planet. Who then created this figurine? There is still no answer to this question. 3. Ceramic Head This ceramic head was found in 1933 in Mexico and is known as the Caliztlahuac terracotta head. It is part of a full-fledged figurine, and the style of its execution is very close to its ancient Roman origin. Using special tests, it was found that this part of the figurine dates back to the second century AD. Surprisingly, it is unlike any form of ancient pre-Columbian culture in the Americas. This artifact was located under the untouched layers of the excavation, in an ancient burial that was more than 500 years old. Considering that the burial was built before Europeans discovered America, archaeologists still cannot explain how this figurine head could have ended up there. 2. Stone with a fork This strange stone was accidentally found in 1998 by engineer John Williams. An incomprehensible plug was discovered in a stone made of feldspar and quartz, similar to those that modern humanity uses to connect various devices to the network. Using powerful X-rays, it was determined that the components of the fork were distributed within the stone. According to Williams, he found this stone in an area remote from civilization, where there are no cities, industrial complexes, power plants or other modern facilities nearby. In addition, such a stone takes hundreds of years to form, so the possibility that this could be the result of modern human activity is absolutely excluded. According to analyses, the age of the stone is about 100 thousand years. Many experts racked their brains, but were unable to explain the origin of this mysterious stone with a fork. 1. Aluminum artifact from Ayuda In 1974, Romanian workers, working in sand quarry, discovered mastodon fossils. A strange wedge-shaped aluminum object was found under the bones of an ancient animal. After the first analyses, this artificially manufactured object left scientists perplexed. The artifact consists of 89% aluminum with impurities of cadmium, nickel, zinc and other elements. Such pure aluminum does not occur in its natural form. At the same time, the technologies for industrial production of this metal were mastered only in the 19th century. The complex shape with holes, as well as signs of wear and mechanical damage indicate that this artifact was actively used and was part of some unknown unit. Considering that this piece of aluminum was found underneath the fossils of an ancient animal, this artifact could be at least 11,000 years old, which is around the time the last mastodons went extinct. Where did this strange object come from and what was it used for? A certain group of people immediately assumed the alien origin of the artifact. Others believe that this item was created by a progressive ancient civilization. However, the real truth remains unknown to this day. What’s even stranger is that this artifact is now hidden and inaccessible for further research. Thanks for watching, friends. Subscribe to the Vuz channel and see you soon in new videos.

Terminology

Word artifact in Russian-language literature it is used relatively recently and is borrowed from English language(English artifact, artefact), which in turn comes from lat. ars (artificially) + lat. factum (done). The term penetrated into primitive archeology, and then into other branches of archeology from biology and medicine. Also in Russian-language literature, the following equivalent terms were or are used to name artifacts:

material sources. When using this term, it is usually understood that we are talking about artifacts that do not contain any inscriptions. Artifacts containing writing are called "written sources."
items material culture . Here the word “culture” is used in the same sense as in the term archaeological culture.
archaeological sites. This term has more broad meaning, archaeological monuments also refer to larger objects, such as, for example, an ancient settlement as a whole. Archaeological sites are most often referred to as particularly valuable artifacts.
archaeological finds. Among them, individual finds and mass finds stand out.

The use of the term artifact in archeology as a whole cannot be considered acceptable due to its semantics. It is a priori obvious that almost all archaeological finds are made by man. The term is applied only in cases of deciding the alternative origin of an object between objects of natural origin and objects made by man. When there is evidence that an item was made by a person, the item is recognized as an artifact.