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BRIEF BIOGRAPHY OF I.A. BUNINA
(1870 - 1953)
Ivan Alekseevich Bunin - Russian prose writer, poet, translator, honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Born in Voronezh into the family of an impoverished nobleman. I was unable to graduate from high school due to poverty. At the age of 16, the first publication of Bunin's poems appeared in print. In 1889 he began working. In the newspaper "Orlovsky Vestnik", with which Bunin collaborated, he met the proofreader Varvara Pashchenko, and in 1891 he married her. They moved to Poltava and became statisticians in the provincial government. In 1891, the first collection of Bunin's poems was published. The family soon broke up. Bunin moved to Moscow. There he made literary acquaintances with Tolstoy, Chekhov, and Gorky.
In 1900, Bunin's story " Antonov apples", later - the poetry collection "Falling Leaves" (1901). For the translation of G. Longfellow's poem "The Song of Hiawatha" (1896) Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize. Bunin's second marriage, with Anna Tsakni, was also unsuccessful; they died in 1905 son Kolya In 1906, Bunin met Vera Muromtseva, married, and lived with her until his death.
Bunin's main theme is the drama of Russian historical fate - the stories "Village" (1910), "Sukhodol" (1912).
In 1910, the Bunins traveled around Europe and visited Egypt and Ceylon. Echoes of this journey are in the story "Brothers" (1914).
In 1915 - 1916 collections of stories "The Cup of Life" and "The Mister from San Francisco" are published. February revolution Bunin perceived it with pain; he took the October Revolution as an approaching catastrophe. His book of journalism “Cursed Days” (1918) reflected the events. The Bunins left for Odessa, and then, in 1920, to France. "Mitya's Love" (1925) was written in exile, " Sunstroke"(1927), "Dark Alleys" (1943), autobiographical novel"The Life of Arsenyev" (1927 - 1929, 1933). In 1933, Bunin became the first Russian writer to be awarded Nobel Prize.
In 1939, the Bunins settled in the south of France, in Grasse. In 1927 - 1942 Galina Kuznetsova lived with the Bunin family, late love writer. Possessing literary abilities, she created the memoirs "The Grasse Diary" and the article "In Memory of Bunin." In recent years, Bunin was ill and lived in poverty, working on the book “About Chekhov,” published after Bunin’s death (1955) in New York.
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Bunin Ivan Alekseevich (1870-1953), prose writer, poet, translator.
Born on October 22, 1870 in Voronezh into a well-born but impoverished noble family. Bunin spent his childhood partly in Voronezh, partly on an ancestral estate near Yelets (now in the Lipetsk region).
Absorbing traditions and songs from his parents and courtyard servants, he early discovered artistic abilities and rare impressionability. Having entered the Yelets gymnasium in 1881, Bunin was forced to leave it in 1886: there was not enough money to pay for training. The course at the gymnasium, and partly at the university, was completed at home under the guidance of his older brother, member of the People’s Will, Yuli.
Bunin published his first collection of poems in 1891, and five years later he published a translation of the poem by the American romantic poet G. Longfellow “The Song of Hiawatha,” which, together with the later collection of poems “Falling Leaves” (1901), brought him 1903 Pushkin Prize of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
In 1909, Bunin received the second Pushkin Prize and was elected an honorary academician. At the end of the 19th century. He increasingly comes forward with stories, at first similar to picturesque sketches. Gradually, Bunin became more and more noticeable both as a poet and as a prose writer.
Wide recognition came to him with the publication of the story “The Village” (1910), which shows the rural life of the writer’s time. The destruction of patriarchal life and ancient foundations is depicted in the work with a harshness that was rare at that time. The end of the story, where the wedding is described as a funeral, takes on a symbolic meaning. Following "The Village", based on family legends, the story “Sukhodol” was written (1911). Here the degeneration of the Russian nobility is depicted with majestic gloom.
The writer himself lived with a premonition of an impending catastrophe. He felt the inevitability of a new historical turning point. This feeling is noticeable in the stories of the 10s. "John the Weeper" (1913), "The Grammar of Love", "The Master from San Francisco" (both 1915), "Easy Breathing" (1916), "Chang's Dreams" (1918).
Bunin met the revolutionary events with extreme hostility, documenting the “bloody madness” in his diary, later published in exile under the title “Cursed Days” (1918, published in 1925).
In January 1920, together with his wife Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva, the writer from Odessa sailed to Constantinople. From then on, Bunin lived in France, mainly in Paris and Grasse. In emigration they spoke of him as the first among modern Russian writers.
The story "Mitya's Love" (1925), the books of stories "Sunstroke" (1927) and "God's Tree" (1931) were perceived by contemporaries as live classics. In the 30s short stories began to appear, where Bunin showed an exceptional ability to compress enormous material into one or two pages, or even several lines.
In 1930, a novel with an obvious autobiographical “lining” - “The Life of Arsenyev” - was published in Paris. In 1933, Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize. This is an event behind which, essentially, stood the fact of recognition of the literature of emigration.
During the Second World War, Bunin lived in Grasse, avidly followed military events, lived in poverty, hid Jews from the Gestapo in his house, and rejoiced at the victories of the Soviet troops. At this time he wrote stories about love (included in the book " Dark alleys", 1943), which he himself considered the best of everything he created.
The writer’s post-war “warmth” towards Soviet power was short-lived, but it managed to quarrel with many long-time friends. Bunin spent his last years in poverty, working on a book about his literary teacher A.P. Chekhov.
In October 1953, Ivan Alekseevich’s health condition deteriorated sharply, and on November 8 the writer died. The cause of death, according to Dr. V. Zernov, who observed the patient in recent weeks, was cardiac asthma and pulmonary sclerosis. Bunin was buried in the cemetery of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois. The monument on the grave was made according to a drawing by the artist Alexandre Benois.
Bunin Ivan Alekseevich(1870-1953), prose writer, poet, translator. He was the first Russian winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. He spent many years of his life in exile, becoming one of the main writers of the Russian diaspora.
Born in Voronezh into the family of an impoverished nobleman. I was unable to finish high school due to lack of money. Having only 4 classes at the gymnasium, Bunin regretted all his life that he did not receive a systematic education. However, this did not stop him twice
Receive the Pushkin Prize. The writer's older brother helped Ivan study languages and sciences, going through the entire gymnasium course with him at home.
Bunin wrote his first poems at the age of 17, imitating Pushkin and Lermontov, whose work he admired. They were published in the collection "Poems".
In 1889 he began working. In the newspaper "Orlovsky Vestnik", with which Bunin collaborated, he met the proofreader Varvara Pashchenko, and in 1891 he married her. They moved to Poltava and became statisticians in the provincial government. In 1891, the first collection of Bunin's poems was published. The family soon broke up. Bunin moved to Moscow. There he made literary acquaintances with Tolstoy, Chekhov, and Gorky.
Bunin's second marriage, with Anna Tsakni, was also unsuccessful; in 1905, their son Kolya died. In 1906, Bunin met Vera Muromtseva, married, and lived with her until his death.
Bunin's work gained fame soon after the publication of his first poems. The following poems by Bunin were published in the collections “Under open air"(1898), "Leaf Fall" (1901).
Dating with greatest writers leaves a significant imprint on Bunin's life and work. Bunin's stories "Antonov Apples" and "Pines" are published. Bunin's prose was published in " Full meeting works" (1915).
The writer in 1909 became an honorary academician of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. Bunin reacted rather harshly to the ideas of the revolution, and left Russia forever.
Bunin moved and traveled almost all his life: Europe, Asia, Africa. But he never stopped practicing literary activity: “Mitya’s Love” (1924), “Sunstroke” (1925), as well as the main novel in the writer’s life, “The Life of Arsenyev” (1927-1929, 1933), which brought Bunin the Nobel Prize in 1933. In 1944, Ivan Alekseevich wrote the story “Clean Monday”.
Before his death, the writer was often ill, but at the same time he did not stop working and creating. In the last few months of his life, Bunin was busy working on literary portrait A.P. Chekhov, but the work remained unfinished
Bunin always dreamed of returning to Russia. Unfortunately, the writer never managed to accomplish this before his death. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin died on November 8, 1953. He was buried in the Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois cemetery in Paris.
Bunin Ivan Alekseevich (1870-1953) - Russian writer, honorary academician of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1909).
Born in 1870 into a poor noble family. He spent his childhood and youth in the village. Primary education received at home. In 1881-86. studied at the gymnasium in Yelets. Then he began to write poetry. Since 1888, Bunin's name began to appear in the books of the Week, where the works of Leo Tolstoy and Shchedrin were often published. In 1891 published his first book of poetry in Orel. Since 1895 publishes prose. Bunin followed the general tradition of Russian classics. He did not participate in social and political life. He received recognition for his translation of “The Song of Hiawatha” (1896) and the poetry collection “Falling Leaves” (1901). The story “The Village” (1910) brought wide popularity. At the beginning of 1905, Bunin settled in Moscow, became close to A.M. Gorky, A.P. Chekhov and other prominent writers. He travels a lot throughout Europe and Asia. Bunin did not accept the revolution of 1917, and in 1920 he emigrated to France. In Paris, he heads the Union of Russian Writers and Journalists, and is engaged in political propaganda in periodicals directed against the Soviet regime. The largest literary work in 1920-30 the novel “The Life of Arsenyev” (1930) became a novel. In emigration, Bunin's artistic talent received enormous development. The European public recognized him as the best Russian modern writer. At the beginning of the Second World War, Bunin softened his attitude towards Soviet Union, and even intended to return to his homeland, but the political atmosphere in the USSR after the war prevented this.
During its great creative life Bunin created many masterpieces. Life on the farm, communication with peasants and people were reflected in best works Bunina. In his stories about the village, the accuracy and authenticity of peasant speech is striking. The development of his literary gift was influenced not only by the nature around him, but also by his environment and close people. Bunin wonderfully revealed “ eternal themes": love, death, nature. Literary fate Bunina's life was a happy one. Critics generally praised his works, they called him “the singer of autumn, sadness and noble nests,” and paid tribute to his beautiful language. In 1903, Bunin was awarded by the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences Pushkin Prize for poetry. In 1933 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature.
(474 words) Ivan Alekseevich Bunin was an outstanding writer, as well as a poet, translator, member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and the first Nobel Prize laureate in Russia. He was born on October 22, 1870 in Voronezh. His talented works have found a response in the hearts of more than one generation, and that is why he deserves our attention.
The Bunins belonged to the ancient noble family. Although Ivan’s family was not rich, he was proud of his origins.
- Father - Alexey Bunin - a military man with an energetic character;
- Mother - Lyudmila Chubarova - is a gentle and meek woman.
Among his famous ancestors are the poet Vasily Zhukovsky and the poetess Anna Bunina.
Education and creative path
At first, little Ivan was educated at home, learning languages and drawing, then he entered the gymnasium, from where, a few years later, he was expelled for non-payment. The boy really liked the humanities, and already at the age of fifteen he wrote his first work - the unpublished novel “Passion”.
Having moved to St. Petersburg, Ivan Bunin made many acquaintances, among them Leo Tolstoy, whose aesthetic principles Maxim Gorky, I. Kuprin, A. Chekhov and other writers were especially close to him.
Creation
In 1901, Bunin’s collection of poems “Falling Leaves” was published, for which, along with the translation of “The Song of Hiawatha,” he was awarded the Pushkin Prize.
In the 1910s, Ivan Bunin visited eastern countries, where, under the influence of Buddhist philosophy, he wrote works imbued with the spirit of the tragedy of existence: “Mr. from San Francisco”, “Easy Breathing”, “Son of Chang”, “Grammar of Love”. We can say with confidence that most of Bunin’s stories are filled with hopelessness and melancholy.
Bunin was concerned about the psychological side of Russian life. So, in 1910-1911 he wrote the stories “Village” and “Sukhodol”, revealing the essence of the Russian soul, its weaknesses and strengths.
Emigration
Returning to Russia, Bunin found there October Revolution, which he reacted negatively to. The longing for the old days was embodied in the famous sketch “Antonov Apples”, written far before the revolutionary events, in 1901. However, even then Bunin felt changes in public life Russia, and these changes saddened him. This work also reveals to readers the writer’s great talent in a vivid and imaginative description of the colors, sounds and smells of Russian nature.
Unable to observe what was happening in his homeland, Bunin left Russia and settled in France. There he wrote a lot, and in 1930 he completed his the only novel“The Life of Arsenyev”, for which he was awarded (the first of the Russian writers) the Nobel Prize.
Personal life
Ivan Bunin had close relationships with three women. His first love was Varvara Pashchenko, whose family opposed their relationship. Family life the lovers quickly broke up, and then they died little son Nikolai. The second woman in the writer’s life, Anna Tsakni, was the daughter of the publisher of the Southern Review newspaper, where Bunin worked.
But Bunin’s true lifelong friend was Vera Muromtseva, with whom he traveled and lived in exile. She was educated and, as contemporaries noted, a very beautiful woman.
Last years of life
Unable to return to their homeland, recent years Ivan Bunin spent his life in a foreign land, where he was seriously ill. It is curious that the writer felt lonely all his life, even though his faithful wife was always next to him. Died in November 1953.
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