TALKING NAMES IN THE WORK OF A. N. OSTROVSKY. 2010 - 2011 academic year year. The work was completed by a student of grade 9b of the MBOU ChSOSH named after. A. A. Yakovleva Korzheva Alina Supervisor Menshikova E. V. AUTHOR OF THE PROJECT The work was completed by 9b grade student Alina Korzheva in order to study the technique of “speaking surnames” in Ostrovsky’s play “Poverty is not a vice.” Materials from 9b grade student Ilya Golubev were partially used for the work. HEROES OF THE PLAY BY A. N. OSTROVSKY “POVERTY IS NOT A VICE” Gordey Karpych Tortsov Pelageya Egorovna Tortsova Lyubov Gordeevna Mitya We love Tortsov African Savich Korshunov Yasha Guslin Grisha Razlyulyaev PROUDEY KARPYCH TORTSOV. The meaning of the surname Tortsov: “Torets” in Efremova’s dictionary 1) Wood block, log from the side of its cross-section. 2) Transverse - short - side, edge of the head. 3) A short, usually hexagonal block of cross-cut logs for paving streets. 4) decomposition The pavement is made of such bars. 5) A cross section of a log, timber, as well as in general the transverse edge of a beam, board, table, book (side, top or bottom cut of its sheets). 6) Jarg. Face Meaning of the name Gordey Dictionary Ozhegova: Pride is an inflated sense of self-esteem, self-respect, arrogance, an excessively high opinion of oneself, awareness of one’s superiority over others. PELAGEYA EGOROVNA TORTSOVA Pelageya Egorovna is the wife of Gordey Tortsov. Her name has long been common in Rus', and it is its main characteristic. Pelageya is a follower of old Russian traditions; she does not understand and does not accept her husband’s “quirks.” LYUBOV GORDEEVNA Her name is like a neon sign indicating her feelings for Mitya. However, the patronymic also plays an important role - whatever one may say, there is also a lot from the father in it. Yes, yes, that same pride, but not elevated to the rank of pride, unlike her father. Mitya Mitya. Just Mitya. It is noteworthy that the author does not give us either his name or patronymic. By this, he seems to emphasize the simplicity and modesty of this character. In comedy no one calls him full name, everyone uses this diminutive. LOVE ENDS This character has both his first and last names as speakers. We love him because everyone loves him, respects him, sympathizes with him. Tortsov - because earlier he was very similar to his brother Gordey and led the same lifestyle. Thus, through the surname, the author emphasizes the similarity of the brothers. AFRICAN SAVICH KORSHUNOV It is observed here obvious disharmony between his first name and patronymic. Savva - originally Russian name. The meaning of the name Savva The name Savva is warm, soft, and its owner is also generous with warmth, which he gives to family, friends, and simply strangers who need this warmth. Little Savva usually grows up strong; neither his health nor his behavior cause any problems for his parents: he is a cheerful, kind and calm child. Savva receives a good education, but cannot fully realize his abilities. Savva is, first of all, an integral nature, a spiritually pure person. He is alien to pettiness, intrigue and squabbles. He is drawn to knowledge, early shows interest in literature, but not cheap detective stories, but the one that gives food to his mind. He maintains his integrity in marriage, without wasting time on fleeting affairs. The uncompromising nature of these men and their loyalty to principles often turn out to their detriment - their careers never move along the well-worn road. Where it would not hurt to bend down so that the thunderstorm passes by, Savva will stand at his full height. Savva has one more feature that sets him apart from others - a craving for loneliness. This is not a “choral” person. YASHA GUSLIN Ostrovsky did not offend the minor characters with his attention. Yasha’s surname tells us about his main hobby - music. His name emphasizes his simplicity and his own character. GRISHA RAZLYULYAEV Grisha has, perhaps, the most unflattering surname in the whole comedy. His surname indicates that he loves to chat, but his chatter is empty, there is nothing behind it - no meaning, no readiness for action. and the mighty Google http://www.maly.ru/ THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
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The work was carried out by Alina Korzheva, a student of grade 9b, with the aim of studying the technique of “speaking surnames” in Ostrovsky’s play “Poverty is not a vice.” For the work, materials from 9b grade student Ilya Golubev were partially used.
Heroes of the play by A. N. Ostrovsky “Poverty is not a vice”
Gordey Karpych Tortsov
Pelageya Egorovna Tortsova
Lyubov Gordeevna
We love Tortsov
African Savich Korshunov
Yasha Guslin
Grisha Razlyulyaev
Gordey Karpych Tortsov.
The meaning of the surname Tortsov:
“Butt” in Efremova’s dictionary
1) A wooden block, a log from the side of its cross-section.
2) Transverse - short - side, edge of something.
3) A short, usually hexagonal block of cross-cut logs for paving streets.
4) decomposition The pavement is made of such bars.
5) A cross section of a log, timber, as well as in general the transverse edge of a beam, board, table, book (side, top or bottom cut of its sheets).
6) Jarg. Face
Meaning of the name Gordey
Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary: Pride– inflated sense of self-esteem, self-respect, arrogance, excessively high opinion of oneself, awareness of one’s superiority over others. 
Pelageya Egorovna Tortsova
Pelageya Egorovna is the wife of Gordey Tortsov. Her name has long been common in Rus', and it is its main characteristic. Pelageya is a follower of old Russian traditions; she does not understand and does not accept her husband’s “quirks.”
Lyubov Gordeevna
Her name is like a neon sign indicating her feelings for Mitya. However, the patronymic also plays an important role - whatever one may say, there is also a lot from the father in it. Yes, yes, that same pride, but not elevated to the rank of pride, unlike her father.
Mitya
Mitya. Just Mitya. It is noteworthy that the author does not give us either his name or patronymic. By this, he seems to emphasize the simplicity and modesty of this character. In comedy, no one calls him by his full name, everyone uses this diminutive.
We love Tortsov
For this character, both his first and last names are spoken. We love him because everyone loves him, respects him, and sympathizes with him. Tortsov - because earlier he was very similar to his brother Gordey and led the same lifestyle. Thus, through the surname, the author emphasizes the similarity of the brothers.
African Savich Korshunov
There is an obvious disharmony here between his name and patronymic. Savva is a native Russian name. The meaning of the name Savva
The name Savva is warm, soft, and its owner is also generous with warmth, which he gives to family, friends, and just strangers who need this warmth. Little Savva usually grows up strong; neither his health nor his behavior cause any problems for his parents: he is a cheerful, kind and calm child. Savva receives a good education, but cannot fully realize his abilities.
Savva is, first of all, an integral nature, a spiritually pure person. He is alien to pettiness, intrigue and squabbles. He is drawn to knowledge, early shows interest in literature, but not cheap detective stories, but the one that gives food to his mind. He maintains his integrity in marriage, without wasting time on fleeting affairs. The uncompromising nature of these men and their loyalty to principles often turn out to their detriment - their careers never move along the well-worn road. Where it would not hurt to bend down so that the thunderstorm passes by, Savva will stand at his full height. Savva has one more feature that sets him apart from others - a craving for loneliness. This is not a "choir" person.
Yasha Guslin
Ostrovsky did not offend the minor characters with his attention. Yasha's last name tells us about his main hobby - music. His name emphasizes his simplicity and his own character.
Grisha Razlyulyaev
Grisha has, perhaps, the most unflattering surname in the entire comedy. His last name suggests that he loves to chat, but his chatter is empty, there is nothing behind it - no meaning, no readiness for action.
Ostrovsky's plays are rich funny names: Razlyulyaev (“Poverty is not a vice”), Malomalsky (“Don’t sit in your own sleigh”), Nedonoskov and Nedorostkov (“Jokers”)…
As " building material"To form the surnames of characters, Ostrovsky does not often use distorted foreign words: Paratov (“Dowry”) from the French “parade” (does everything for show, likes to show off, let him go
dust in your eyes. At the A.N. Theater Ostrovsky speaking names so accurate and significant that it’s time to talk about the playwright’s virtuoso, phenomenal mastery of this technique.
2.5 Parody names in the works of M.E. Saltykova - Shchedrin, Kozma Prutkova
It is well known that when some phenomenon or cultural phenomenon reaches a certain level, becomes universally known and popular, it begins to be parodied. So it is with speaking names. We have already partly touched upon the fact that Gogol parodied some noble families. By the way, M.E. also has many such surnames. Saltykov-Shchedrin: Intercept-Zalikhvatsky from “The History of a City”, Serpukhovsky-Dogonay, Uryupinsky-Doezhay from “Abroad”, Peresvet-Zhaba from “Satire in Prose”. However, in in this case we were dealing with a more social, political phenomenon, and only then a literary one.
In the full sense, parodic names and, accordingly, heroes appear in the works of Kozma Prutkov, created through the friendly efforts of A.K. Tolstoy and the Zhemchuzhnikov brothers. Is it any wonder that the heroes of the comedy “Fantasia” wear completely parody names? Thus, the hero, whom the authors present as a “decent man,” bears the surname Kutilo-Zavaldaisky; “a shy person” is naturally called Shameless. “The man selling soap” in this comedy turns out to be Prince Kasyan Rodionovich Batog-Batyev. In this double surname, both Batu and the batogs found a place for themselves. An obvious echo of the name of Manilov’s son is the name of Themistocles Miltiadovich Razorvaki. And in the drama “Love and Silin” Kozma Prutkov brings to the stage General’s wife Kislozvezdova, “a mute but voluptuous widow,” and Silva don Alonzo the Scoundrel,” “a visiting Spanish man.” AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
No less parodic and funny are the names of the comedy “Skullbreaker, that is, phrenologist.” Here is Shishkenholm, “a phrenologist, a cheerful old man, bald, with a knobby skull,” here is Vikhorin, “a civil official. Shaved face, bald, wearing a wig.” You know, that’s why he’s Vikhorin.
Parody always coexists in parallel with what it satirizes.
It can be assumed that the playwrights later eras The speaking names of the characters had to change. The works of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov - bright that confirmation.
2.6 Speaking surnames in the works of A.P. Chekhov
How the technique inherited from the classicists has changed can be seen in Chekhov’s amazing story “The Horse's Name.” The “frontal attack” with the endless and completely traditional Uzdechkin, Zherebtsov and Korenny, as we know, did not lead to anything. “Horse” the name of a specialist in charming toothache turns out to be precisely from an associative point of view. Ovsov is a problem with many unknowns. This is not a primitive type of Kobylin and Loshadevich, so we naturally cannot agree with lovers of paradoxes P. Weil and A. Genis, who in the article “Everything is in the Garden” about Chekhov’s work wrote: “In contrast to the long-preserved in Russian literature traditions of baptizing heroes with telling names, surnames in Chekhov's dramas random, like a telephone book, but instead of the alphabet they are united by a typological unity, which the author put into the title of one of his collections - “Gloomy People”.
The surnames Chebutykin, Trigorin, Treplev were not given by Chekhov to his heroes by chance. Words like “merlikhlyundiya” and Chebutykin are from the same category. The same can be said about the heroes of “The Seagull” Konstantin Treplev and his mother, also, by the way, after Trepleva’s husband. It’s not for nothing that the son says about his mother: “Her name is constantly being talked about in the newspapers, and it tires me.” By the way, Irina Nikolaevna’s stage name is Arkadina. Well, how can one not recall the play “The Forest” by Ostrovsky.
The surname of the novelist Trigorin is literary through and through! And not only Trigorskoe, but also three griefs come to mind.
The name of Lyubov Ranevskaya (nee Gaeva) also evokes a lot of associations. Here is a wound, and love, and a mountain (according to V.I. Dahl - oak forest, grove, black forest). In general, the play Cherry Orchard" - a real treasure trove of telling names. Here is Simeonov-Pishchik, and Trofimov’s name is Petya.
Of course, in early stories Chekhov is reigned by the same Kuvaldins, Khryukins and Ochumelovs (synonyms: to become stupefied, to lose one’s mind, the same detail is emphasized in his behavior, in the absence of his own opinion). And in dramas you can find names familiar to Ostrovsky’s times. For example, the character " Three sisters“Solyony is somewhat akin to Skalozubov - his jokes smack of bad taste, are very primitive, stupid - “salty”, and his last name is more like a nickname like Ushetelny.
However, such names in Chekhov's theater are the exception rather than the rule. And a different name reigns in his dramatic masterpieces, corresponding to a new hero, a new nature of the conflict, a new theater - Chekhov's theater.
Conclusion
The purpose of this work was to consider the use of speaking surnames in the works of Russians writers of the XIX century. The expressive use of proper names is common to many writers. And if D.I. has telling names. Fonvizin is a legacy of classicism, a sharp division of heroes into positive and negative, then in the work of A.S. Griboyedov's speaking surnames are not only a tribute to classicism, but also a vivid characteristic of the character; the surname specifies a certain circle of associations, which does not simplify, but, on the contrary, complicates the understanding of the character, revealing a new facet in it. N.V. Gogol manages to masterfully play with double surnames (this technique was later used by M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin), create surnames-nicknames, form names literary heroes with the help of foreign language word-formation means.
Thus, speaking names in Russian literature, starting from Lukin and Sumarokov and ending with Chekhov, as it turned out, go through a number of stages in their formation and development. Naive, somewhat stilted, almost one-dimensional names like Obdiralov and Dobryakov are replaced by more psychologically complex and substantiated Molchalins and Famusovs. At some point, this technique reaches its peak, after which it becomes the object of parody. And finally, at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, speaking names are transformed, become even more complex, are correlated with the characters of plays by complex associative connections, but do not disappear from Russian drama at all, since by their nature they are doomed to name directly or indirectly, that is, so or otherwise characterize the heroes of literary works.
References
1. Azarova N.M. Text. Russian manual XIX literature century, part 1. - M.: Prometheus, 1995.
2. Vvedenskaya L. A., Kolesnikov N. P. From proper names to common nouns. M.: Education, 1989.
3. Vinogradov V.V. Stylistics. Theory of poetic speech. Poetics. – M: Nauka, 1993.