« Dark alleys"Bunin is a series of stories that are devoted to one topic. Love - main topic these works. Here we see a deep feeling between a man and a woman. Emotions overwhelm everyone who participates in the role of a lover. In each person we see our own “Dark Alleys” that pass through life. Every person has a hidden desire and passion.
The very first story from this collection is “The Chapel,” which was written in 1944. It is small in volume, but reveals its philosophical and social worldviews more deeply.
We don’t see any special love affairs here and the story is more rational than the subsequent ones. You can immediately feel the author's deep insight into the nature of human existence. The author here gives a description of the meaning of human life.
This story describes a certain past and childhood, although the story is told in the present tense. It is childhood that is the period when the soul is purer and free from sins. The only strange thing is that the children were interested in the windows of the “Chapel”, as well as the cemetery. On the one hand, it is a bright sunny day, where there is love, light and kindness.
Judging by this description, the author tried to convey to the reader the vital contrast between good and evil. Evil is opposed to good, and light is opposed to darkness. The author describes the cemetery in bright colors. This is grass, these are flowers. And the chapel is almost collapsed and lonely. But for some reason children are drawn to her. They wonder what might be behind the windows. This is not only curiosity, but also a kind of premonition of something unusual and unknown.
Children are more susceptible to everything happening around them. They subtly feel that there is something there that will interest them. Everywhere is hot, sunny and fun, but there it is dark, scary and cold. Children are interested in what is forbidden and inaccessible. They want to see something hidden and other world.
Children begin to think about life and death. They start to wonder how this is possible? We walk here, we feel warm and happy. And they lie there in the cold and darkness.
Children think the same way about their uncle lying in a coffin, who shot himself because he was in love. Here we see how children think about love and feelings. They ask themselves: “Why do uncles always shoot themselves when they love?”
The author shows us the contrast of love. Love is good and evil. It is always suffering and passion. What goes together turns out to be incompatible, and here is the philosophy of life. The hotter the sun, the colder the darkness. Therefore, the author stops his reader at the chapel to make him think between good and evil, between light and darkness.
Goals: identifying the peculiarities of Bunin’s understanding of love, author's position, artistic manner of the writer; intensification of students' research activities, development of creative reading skills, deepening understanding and experience of the events of the story.
Equipment: PC, m/m projector, interactive whiteboard.
Writing on the board: “The mental structure of a true poet is expressed in everything, even down to punctuation marks.” A.A.Blok
During the classes
1. Organizational moment.
2. introduction teachers: Today in class we will do holistic analysis text of a work of art. This is the story of I.A. Bunin from his famous cycle “Dark Alleys”. All the stories in this series are devoted to one theme - they describe various manifestations of love between a man and a woman. It was in “Dark Alleys” that Bunin expressed his attitude to this feeling and outlined his “philosophy of love.” To some extent, Bunin’s view is already reflected by the name of the cycle.
The “dark alleys” of love are what are deeply hidden inside every person, these are his instincts and desires, his emotions, which he sometimes does not understand and cannot control, but which largely determine his life.
The story is dated July 2, 1944, and is one of the shortest in the series. But, at the same time, one of the most philosophical and deep. Just a few lines, but there are so many author’s thoughts behind it, the thoughts of a mature person... The writer’s thoughts here are not only and not so much about love, but about the essence of human existence, about the meaning of life, about the laws of the universe.
3. Reading a story (read by a prepared student, each student has the text on his desk)
4. Analysis of the story by questions:
Define artistic time and art space story.
Let's recreate the picture painted by Bunin.
On the board, a sheet of Whatman paper is divided into two halves, blue and green. We glue pre-prepared layouts onto whatman paper (chapel, clouds, sun, flowers, crosses, children, chapel window).
The scene is an abandoned cemetery. Why is the cemetery abandoned?
The cemetery is family, most likely belonged to the gentlemen from the estate: either everyone died or went abroad)
Along with the word “abandoned,” the story includes the theme of oblivion. Everything froze. Like in a movie - a still frame. How does the author use syntactic means to show that time has stopped? Let's look at the first sentence of the text. Describe him.
The sentence has four subjects (day, field, cemetery, chapel), the sentence is one-part, nominative.
Why is there no predicate?
There is no movement, time has stopped.
Through children's perception, children came to the cemetery.
This story is a story-memory. Although the story is told in the present tense, we understand that the narrator is recalling an incident from his childhood. Why do you think?
It is interesting that it is important for Bunin to convey precisely the “childish” perception of everything described. Perhaps this is explained by the fact that children feel more acutely and subtly. The child's gaze is not clouded, natural. Children feel more acutely and subtly, their minds and souls are not yet as blind as those of adults. Adults have an unnatural, stereotypical view of life; they do not see the severity of existence.
What does the children see? To answer this question You need to carefully re-read the text and divide it into two parts, because children see two pictures.
Contrast, antithesis.
What is antithesis?
The children's eyes in the story reveal a strange, but very bright contrast. On the one hand, they see the triumph of life. The narrator remembers a sunny summer day, full of light, colors, warmth and light. On the other hand - an abandoned cemetery, darkness, uncertainty, mystery.
Let's continue filling out the table.
What lies between these two worlds?
A chapel, or rather a broken window at ground level, which divides the children’s space into “theirs” and “theirs”, which is always fraught with some kind of danger. The window is the border between two worlds.
And by the window, the cemetery is also a border connecting the present and the past.
When enemies came, people first of all guarded the cemetery, because this is the memory of family, ancestors, because the cemetery is the history of a whole family.
V. Kataev, a famous Soviet writer, said: “Who am I? A grain of sand on the face of the Universe.” And, indeed, a person is just a small grain of sand in a huge cluster of people inhabiting the Universe.
How do children evaluate what they see in the window?
Creepy and fun
What indicates that children are interested?
They look with CLEAR eyes, i.e. peering.
ZORKY –
1) good vision of distant and small objects;
2) close, insightful.
Which of the two meanings corresponds to the word from the given text? (2)
What attracts children? Why are they creepy, fun, interesting and surprising at the same time?
Creepy, p.ch. The word death scares me, but in all of this there is some kind of mystery, an unknown that I want to solve. The interest is enhanced by the fact that inside the chapel there are bodies of long-dead people. Of course, they still do not understand all its depth and tragedy, but something makes them continue to peer into the depths of the chapel, where “cold boxes lie” with bodies.
What do children discover there, in the unknown world outside the window, in the depths of the chapel?
1. Death is next to life (according to Bunin, the first step to death is a cry at birth).
2. Not only old people die, but also young people.
3. You can die from love.
Approaching death, children learn to understand life, its basis is love. The author emphasizes that among the coffins with “grandparents” there was a coffin with a young uncle, “who shot himself.”
Why did he do this?
One of the children explains that this man was very much in love, and “when you are very much in love, you always shoot yourself...”. Just a few words, childishly naive and simple, and no more explanations or comments. Behind these words lies a huge life of the soul, a deep human tragedy, a very strong and vivid feeling.
They can also explain Bunin’s understanding of love. This feeling, the writer believes, is always associated with tragedy, with the dark and unconscious, it is built on contrasts, just like life itself. Contrast is the universal law of human existence in general and in all its particulars.
What connects life and death? What images connect artistic time and space in this story? Analyze everything we talked about today and give the story a title. Be prepared to justify your opinion.
A chapel is a house of prayer, a temple without an altar, where prayers can be read.
The chapel connects two spaces: temporary and eternal - life and death. Coming to the cemetery, relatives remember those who have passed away in the chapel, read prayers, and light candles.
The collapsing chapel suggests that earthly existence is not eternal. Death is terrible, but you need to value life and what it gives. Cherish every hour of your life and live with dignity.
5. Homework: Write an essay - an argument based on the statement of D. Granin: “Compare the hour of earth with the hour of death”
Analysis of I. Bunin’s story “Chapel”
The title of the story “Chapel” is, of course, no coincidence.
What associations does the word “chapel” evoke?
(Peace, silence, prayer. This is a symbol of eternity, a place that separates the world of the living and the dead. This is an hour of memories, revelation, communication with God, eternity, an hour of escape from external vanity, detachment from the world - the moment of truth for a person). The author also tells us about this, urging the reader to stop, think, reflect...
A chapel is a house of prayer, a temple without an altar, where prayers can be read.
The chapel connects two spaces: temporary and eternal - life and death. Coming to the cemetery, relatives remember those who have passed away in the chapel, read prayers, and light candles.
The collapsing chapel suggests that earthly existence is not eternal. Death is terrible, so you need to cherish life and what it gives. Cherish every hour of your life and live with dignity.
Scene: abandoned cemetery, Tofamily cemetery, most likely belonged to the gentlemen from the estate: either everyone died or went abroad)
Along with the word “abandoned,” the story includes the theme of oblivion. Everything froze. Like in a movie - a still frame.The sentence has four subjects (day, field, cemetery, chapel), the sentence is one-part, nominative. In a sentence there is no predicate, therefore nThere is no movement, time has stopped.
This miniature resembles a prose poem and contains many features lyrical work: This emotional coloring, concentration of thoughts and feelings, special rhythm, melody.
“Chapel” is a story-memory. Although the story is told in the present tense, we understand that the narrator is recalling an incident from his childhood. It is interesting that it is important for Bunin to convey precisely the “childish” perception of everything described. Perhaps this is explained by the fact that children feel more acutely and subtly, their mind and soul are not yet as blinkered and blind as those of adults?
The children's eyes in the story reveal a strange, but very bright contrast. On the one hand, they see the triumph of life. The narrator remembers a sunny summer day, full of light, colors, warmth and light. On the other hand, children are interested in something else - they are attracted by an abandoned cemetery and the windows of a dilapidated chapel.
From the very first lines of the work, Bunin shows that life is a combination of contrasts, opposites, a compromise between light and darkness, good and evil. And it is impossible to say unambiguously where one ends and the other begins.
So, the entire cemetery is overgrown with flowers and herbs: “mounds of tall flowers and herbs.” Against this background of the triumph of life, the dilapidated chapel looks even more lonely. Children, like a magnet, are attracted to it, or rather to what is inside, behind the narrow broken window. The narrator says that he and his friends cannot see anything, they only feel a cold breath - the touch of another world. Children cannot yet rationally explain their curiosity, but at the level of feelings they understand that they are touching something very important, otherworldly, hidden - some great secret: “Everywhere is light and hot, but there it is dark and cold...”
Their reverent interest is enhanced by the fact that inside the chapel are the bodies of long-dead people. Perhaps at this moment the children touched one of the critical issues humanity - the question of death. Of course, they still do not understand all its depth and tragedy, but something makes them continue to peer deep into the chapel, where “cold boxes lie” with bodies.
And again we are faced with a contrast - approaching death, children learn to experience life, its very basis - love: “...we have the sun, flowers, grass, flies, bumblebees, butterflies, we can play, run, we are scared, but also It's fun to squat, and they always lie there in the dark..."
The author emphasizes that among the coffins with “grandparents” there was a coffin with a young uncle, “who shot himself.” Why did he do this? The narrator conveys a brief dialogue that apparently took place between the children. One of them explains that this man was very much in love, and “when you are very much in love, you always shoot yourself...” Just a few words, childishly naive and simple, and no more explanations or comments. But nothing more is needed - behind these words lies a huge life of the soul, a deep human tragedy, a very strong and vivid feeling.
What do children discover there, in the unknown world outside the window, in the depths of the chapel?
1. Death is next to life (according to Bunin, the first step to death is a cry at birth).
2. Not only old people die, but also young people.
3. You can die from love.
Approaching death, children learn to understand life, its basis is love. The author emphasizes that among the coffins with “grandparents” there was a coffin with a young uncle, “who shot himself.”
These words, in essence, can explain Bunin’s understanding of love. This feeling, the writer believes, is always associated with tragedy, with the dark and unconscious, it is built on contrasts, just like life itself. Contrast, the combination of the incongruous - this is the universal law of human existence in general and in all its particulars, Bunin the philosopher and writer tells us. This is confirmed by the final lines of the work: “And the hotter and more joyfully the sun bakes, the colder it blows from the darkness, from the window.”
We see what is happening not only through the eyes of an adult, but also through the eyes of children.
“You can’t see anything there, it’s just cold air blowing from there.” This is children's speech with a special vocabulary, the construction of sentences: “it blows coldly,” “they shoot themselves,” “grandfathers and grandmothers,” “creepy and fun,” etc. Little heroes ask children’s questions: “Why did he shoot himself?”, follow children’s logic: “...and when you are very much in love...”. And childishly, as in fairy tales, they divide the world into “ours” - flowers, grass, sun) and “strangers” - iron boxes, cold, someone else’s death.
Composition analysis. It is easy to see that it is based on an antithesis:
Contrasted are cold and heat, darkness and light, old and new, youth and old age, day and night, children and adults, what bakes and blows. And if you connect these words with each other, they will “manifest”scales, swing. The symbol of the swing is symbolizing balance, harmony of life.
Children are both creepy and happy, they experience both surprise and fear, being in the earthly, bright, sunny world and wanting to look into the other world... Around there is lush growth of grasses and at the same time, a “collapsing” chapel. So we make sure thatthe work is permeated with contrasts.
Children see two pictures.
Herethere
Sun, field, abandoned cemetery behind the garden of the old manor
Night, darkness
We have flowers, grass, bumblebees, butterflies
You can't see anything there, it only blows coldly from there
Light and hot
It's dark and cold there
We can play, run
They always lie there in the dark, like at night, in thick and cold iron boxes
Children (living) REAL
Dead NAV
It is these words that create an antonymous picture.
Dominant antithesis: life death.
At the beginning of the work there is a picture of an old, dying manor, a collapsing chapel. It seems that death triumphs over life. They talk about this a lotexpressive epithets – old, abandoned, lonely, decaying, broken.... The surrounding nature is struggling with destruction, but time is omnipotent and invincible. The “River of Times” seems to destroy everything that gets in its way. But does she have power over human memory, love?
The border between the two worlds is the image of a window, characteristic of Bunin’s artistic world. They do not try to cross the border: the secret for which they look where the “cold blows” comes from will disappear. The children's story ends with the remark: “...they always shoot themselves...”.
If we turn to the analysis of artistic time, we can see that these are two different worlds: summer, day, sun (present) - and night, cold, darkness (past).
But two more “forms” of time are also contrasted: “always” is significant that this word frames the work and “long ago”, “young” and “old”; the last epithet also refers to a crumbling, abandoned estate. We come to the conclusion that all three times coexist in miniature: present, past and future, associated with images of children.
Artistic time and the artistic space of the story.
time
Russia
Summer
Old manor
July (blooming rye)
Cemetery
In addition, all verbs in the story are in the present tense. One gets the amazing feeling that this story is being told by an elderly man remembering his childhood. But how harmoniously intertwined are memories and seemingly today’s experiences!
So brilliantly the story combines French old age and Russian childhood- two spaces and two times. In one memory, in one small episode - a moment and an eternity.
So, in miniature, there is a movement from life to death, from the past to the future through the present, from the temporary to the eternal. And everything returns to normal again and again.
Artistic space in I. A. Bunin’s story “Chapel”
On July 2, 1944, in distant France, I.A. Bunin, aging far from Russia, wrote the final short story of the “Dark Alleys” cycle - “The Chapel”.
Its plot is extremely simple: children from an old estate, who ran away to a field on a hot summer day, find themselves in an abandoned cemetery near a crumbling brick chapel and are trying to connect this world and the other world in their minds. All this is “very interesting and surprising” to them. Children, trying to understand the connection between the present and the past (“they are scared, but also having fun”), involuntarily think about their future, and in a way incomprehensible to them (and perhaps only to them?) their future and someone else’s past... connect.
L.A. Smirnova is absolutely right when she asserts that Bunin, as a writer, was worried about the human worldview, born of the hustle and bustle of current life, but directed towards the eternal questions of existence.” 1 . The writer himself defined the genre of this work as short story. It is significant that it is not short, but rather short. Perhaps, as a moment of a person’s insight, the moment he finds the truth?
The trajectory of children's path to art world This work is very interesting: from the enclosed space of the old estate they find themselves in a field. There is a horizontal expansion of space. “With keen eyes,” children peer into the world that has opened up before them and see a long-abandoned cemetery, a crumbling chapel... Boring life in the estate and free life outside it, in the lap of nature, suddenly unite into one: here . And all because it appears there , below ground level, where they look through the “narrow and long broken window” of the chapel. The space explored by the heroes expands again, only now vertically. (This creates a kind of cross. The cross of fate, its destiny, the impossibility of escaping questions about life and death? Maybe...)
The basis of the story's composition is thus obvious. This is the antithesis. Here - there, one's own - someone else's. It’s light, hot, understandable and close to the smallest details (flowers, grass, flies, bumblebees, butterflies), you can play and run... There it’s dark, cold, you can’t see anything, “some grandfathers and grandmothers” lie in iron boxes some other uncle." And the more children think about this alien there, the more terrible it is for them: after all, they “ Always they lie there in the dark, as if at night.” And the boxes in which they lie are now not only iron, but also “thick” (you can’t get out!), and “cold”... Some grandparents are “all old”, and this is understandable... But uncle - “ Uncle is still young”...
With this ellipsis, I.A. Bunin masterfully shows how the building they erected justly collapses in the minds of children organized world: old - there, young - here.
It turns out that this is not always the case! “Why did he shoot himself?” Exactly not why and why … It should not be! But - alas! – it happens... Maybe that’s why the window (this kind of boundary between here and there ), through which children “look with keen eyes”, broken and from thereis one blowing? Oh my God! The gaze, searching for the Savior, involuntarily rises up...
“In the blue sea of the sky there are islands here and there of beautiful white clouds...” Good! “... the warm wind from the field carries the sweet smell of blooming rye.”Amazing! This is Life. You need to appreciate it, enjoy every moment of it, but also not forget that the window is open...
After all, “the hotter and more joyful the sun bakes, the colder it blows from the darkness, from the window.”
I just feel it physically! Bravo, Ivan Alekseevich!
1 – page 28 “Russian literature. XX century Reference materials" A book for high school students. Compiled by L.A. Smirnova. Moscow "Enlightenment", 1995.