F m Dostoevsky criticism of the story of the crocodile. Fyodor Dostoevsky is a crocodile. Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky Crocodile

Extraordinary event or passage within a passage

a fair story about how one gentleman, famous years and of famous appearance, was swallowed alive by a passage crocodile, all without a trace, and what came of it

I


This thirteenth of January of the current sixty-fifth year, at half past one in the afternoon, Elena Ivanovna, the wife of Ivan Matveich, my educated friend, colleague and partly distant relative, wished to see the crocodile shown for a certain fee in the Passage. Having already in his pocket his ticket for traveling abroad (not so much due to illness as out of curiosity), and consequently, already considered on leave from work and, therefore, being completely free that morning, Ivan Matveich not only did not prevent the insurmountable the desire of his wife, but even he himself was kindled with curiosity. “Great idea,” he said complacently, “let’s examine the crocodile!” When going to Europe, it’s not a bad idea to get acquainted with the natives inhabiting it on the spot,” and with these words, taking his wife by the hand, he immediately went with her to Passage. I, as is my custom, stuck close to them in the form of a house friend. Never before have I seen Ivan Matveich in a more pleasant mood than on that memorable morning for me, truly, that we do not know our fate in advance! Entering the Passage, he immediately began to admire the splendor of the building, and approaching the store in which the monster, newly brought to the capital, was displayed, he himself wanted to pay a quarter to the crocodile for me, which had never happened to him before. Entering the small room, we noticed that in In addition to the crocodile, there are also parrots from a foreign breed of cockatoo and, in addition, a group of monkeys in a special cabinet in the recesses. At the very entrance, against the left wall, there was a large tin box in the shape of a bathtub, covered with a strong iron mesh, and at the bottom there was an inch of water. In this shallow puddle, a huge crocodile was preserved, lying like a log, completely motionless and, apparently, having lost all its abilities from our damp climate, inhospitable to foreigners. This monster did not arouse any particular curiosity in any of us at first. So this is a crocodile! - said Elena Ivanovna in a voice of regret and in a sing-song voice, - and I thought that he... was someone else! Most likely, she thought it was diamond. The German who came out to us, the owner, the owner of the crocodile, looked at us with an extremely proud look. “He’s right,” Ivan Matveich whispered to me, “for he knows that he is the only one in all of Russia who is now showing the crocodile. I also attribute this completely nonsensical remark to the overly complacent mood that possessed Ivan Matveich, who in other cases was very envious. “It seems to me that your crocodile is not alive,” Elena Ivanovna said again, piqued by the owner’s intractability, and turning to him with a graceful smile in order to bow down this rude man, a maneuver so characteristic of women. “Oh no, madam,” he answered in broken Russian and immediately, lifting the mesh of the box halfway, began poking the crocodile in the head with a stick. Then the insidious monster, in order to show its signs of life, slightly moved its paws and tail, raised its snout and let out something like a prolonged sniffle. Well, don’t be angry, Karlchen! - the German said affectionately, satisfied in his pride. What a nasty crocodile! I was even frightened, Elena Ivanovna babbled even more flirtatiously, “now I’ll see him in my dreams.” “But he won’t bite you in your sleep, madam,” the German picked up haberdashery and, first of all, laughed at the wit of his words, but none of us answered him. “Come on, Semyon Semenych,” Elena Ivanovna continued, addressing exclusively me, “let’s take a look at the monkeys.” I really like monkeys; some of them are so sweet... and the crocodile is terrible. “Oh, don’t be afraid, my friend,” Ivan Matveich shouted after us, pleasantly brave in front of his wife. This sleepy inhabitant of the pharaoh's kingdom will not do anything to us, and remained by the box. Moreover, taking his glove, he began to tickle the crocodile’s nose with it, wanting, as he admitted later, to make him sniffle again. The owner followed Elena Ivanovna, like a lady, to the closet with monkeys. Thus, everything went perfectly and nothing could be foreseen. Elena Ivanovna even enjoyed herself to the point of playfulness with the monkeys and seemed to give herself entirely to them. She screamed with pleasure, constantly turning to me, as if not wanting to pay any attention to the owner, and laughed at the similarity she noticed between these monkeys and her short acquaintances and friends. I was also amused, because the similarity was undeniable. The German owner did not know whether to laugh or not, and therefore in the end he completely frowned. And at that very moment, suddenly a terrible, I might even say, unnatural scream shook the room. Not knowing what to think, I froze on the spot at first; but, noticing that Elena Ivanovna was already screaming, he quickly turned around and what did I see! I saw, oh my God! I saw the unfortunate Ivan Matveich in the terrible jaws of a crocodile, intercepted by them across the body, already lifted horizontally into the air and desperately dangling his legs in it. Then a moment and he was gone. But I will describe it in detail, because I stood motionless the whole time and managed to see the entire process taking place in front of me with such attention and curiosity that I don’t even remember. “For,” I thought at that fatal moment what if all this had happened to me instead of Ivan Matveich? what a nuisance it would have been for me then!” But to the point. The crocodile began by turning poor Ivan Matveich in his terrible jaws towards himself with his feet, and first swallowed the very feet; then, burping a little Ivan Matveich, who was trying to jump out and was clinging to the box with his hands, again pulled him into himself above the waist. Then, burping again, he swallowed again and again. Thus, Ivan Matveich apparently disappeared in our eyes. Finally, having finally swallowed, the crocodile absorbed all of my educated friend, and this time without a trace. On the surface of the crocodile one could notice how Ivan Matveich with all his forms walked through its interior. I was already getting ready to scream again, when suddenly fate once again wanted to play a treacherous joke on us: the crocodile strained, probably choking from the enormity of the object he had swallowed, again opened his entire terrible mouth, and from it, in the form of a last belch, suddenly jumped out for one second the head of Ivan Matveich, with a desperate expression on his face, and his glasses instantly fell off his nose to the bottom of the box. It seemed that this desperate head jumped out just to take one last look at all the objects and mentally say goodbye to all secular pleasures. But she did not have time in her intention: the crocodile again gathered his strength, took a sip and instantly she disappeared again, this time forever. This appearance and disappearance is still alive human head it was so terrible, but at the same time, whether from the speed and unexpectedness of the action or as a result of glasses falling off my nose, it contained something so funny that I suddenly and completely unexpectedly snorted; but, realizing that it was indecent for me to laugh at such a moment as a family friend, he immediately turned to Elena Ivanovna and said to her with a sympathetic look: Now kaput to our Ivan Matveich! I can’t even think of expressing how strong Elena Ivanovna’s excitement was throughout the entire process. At first, after the first cry, she seemed to freeze in place and looked at the chaos that appeared to her, apparently indifferently, but with extremely bulging eyes; then she suddenly burst into a tearing scream, but I grabbed her hands. At that moment the owner, who at first was also stupefied with horror, suddenly clasped his hands and shouted, looking at the sky: O my crocodile, o mein allerlibster Karlchen! Mutter, mutter, mutter! At this cry, the back door opened and a mutter appeared, in a cap, ruddy, elderly, but disheveled, and with a squeal she rushed to her German. It was then that the sodomy began: Elena Ivanovna shouted out, like a frenzy, only one word: “Rip up!” rip!" and rushed to the owner and to the mutter, apparently begging them probably in self-forgetfulness to rip someone and for something. The owner and the mutter did not pay attention to any of us: they both howled like calves near the box. He’s a loser, he’s about to be gobbled up, because he swallowed a ganz official! - shouted the owner. Unser Karlchen, unser allerlibster Karlchen vird sterben! - the hostess howled. We are orphans and without children! the owner picked up. Rip, rip, rip! Elena Ivanovna burst into tears, clutching the German’s frock coat. He teased the crocodile, why did your husband tease the crocodile! shouted, fighting back, the German, you will pay if Karlchen Wird Lopal, das war mein zone, das war mein Einziger zone! I admit, I was in terrible indignation, seeing such selfishness of a visiting German and dryness of heart in his disheveled mutter; nevertheless, Elena Ivanovna’s continuously repeated cries: “Rip up, rip up!” aroused my anxiety even more and finally captivated all my attention, so that I was even frightened... I will say in advance these strange exclamations were completely misunderstood by me: it seemed to me that Elena Ivanovna had lost her mind for a moment, but nevertheless, wanting to commemorate her beloved Ivan Matveich for the death, offered, in the form of satisfaction that followed, to punish the crocodile with rods. Meanwhile, she meant something completely different. Not without embarrassment, looking at the door, I began to beg Elena Ivanovna to calm down and, most importantly, not to use the sensitive word “rip.” For such a retrograde desire here, in the very heart of the Passage and educated society, two steps from the very hall where, perhaps at that very moment, Mr. Lavrov was giving a public lecture, was not only impossible, but even unthinkable from the moment to a minute could attract the whistles of education and caricatures of Mr. Stepanov. To my horror, I was immediately proven right in my fearful suspicions: suddenly the curtain that separated the crocodile room from the entrance closet in which quarters were collected was parted, and a figure with a mustache, a beard and a cap in his hands appeared on the threshold, bending very strongly top part body forward and very prudently trying to keep her feet outside the threshold of the crocodile room in order to preserve the right not to pay for the entrance. “Such a retrograde desire, madam,” said the stranger, trying not to somehow fall over to us and stand behind the threshold, “does not honor your development and is caused by a lack of phosphorus in your brains.” You will immediately be booed in the chronicles of progress and in our satirical sheets... But he did not finish: the owner, who came to his senses, was horrified to see a man speaking in the crocodile room and not paying anything for it, furiously rushed at the progressive stranger and pushed him into the neck with both fists. For a minute both disappeared from our eyes behind the curtain, and only then did I finally realize that the whole mess had come out of nothing; Elena Ivanovna turned out to be completely innocent: she did not at all think, as I already noted above, to subject the crocodile to retrograde and humiliating punishment with rods, but simply simply wished that his belly would be ripped open with a knife and thus Ivan Matveich would be freed from his entrails. How! You're going to let my crocodile go to waste! - the owner screamed as he ran in again, - no, let your husband first be lost, and then the crocodile! Everyone will show the crocodile! I am a Ghanaian from Europe, but you are unknown to a Ghanaian from Europe and he is paying me a fine. I, I! the evil German woman picked up, we won’t let you in, it’s a fine when Karlchen eats! “Yes, and it’s useless to tear it up,” I added calmly, wanting to distract Elena Ivanovna home as quickly as possible, “for our dear Ivan Matveich, in all likelihood, is now floating somewhere in the empyrean. “My friend,” the voice of Ivan Matveich was heard completely, unexpectedly at that moment, amazing us to the extreme, “my friend, my opinion is to act directly through the warden’s office, because a German will not understand the truth without the help of the police. These words, spoken firmly, with weight and expressing an extraordinary presence of mind, at first amazed us so much that we all refused to believe our ears. But, of course, they immediately ran up to the crocodile box and listened to the unfortunate prisoner with as much reverence as they did with incredulity. His voice was muffled, thin and even loud, as if coming from a considerable distance from us. It was like when some joker, going into another room and covering his mouth with an ordinary sleeping pillow, begins to scream, wanting to present to the audience remaining in the other room how two men call to each other in the desert or being separated from each other by a deep ravine, that I I had the pleasure of hearing it once from my friends at Christmas time. Ivan Matveich, my friend, so you’re alive! - Elena Ivanovna was babbling. “Alive and healthy,” answered Ivan Matveich, “and thanks to the Almighty, he was swallowed without any damage. My only concern is how the authorities will look at this episode; because, having received a ticket abroad, he fell into a crocodile, which is not even witty... But, my friend, do not worry about wit; “First of all, we need to somehow get you out of here,” Elena Ivanovna interrupted. Picking! - cried the owner, - I won’t let the crocodile pick at him. Now the public will walk around more, and I will ask for fufzig kopecks, and Karlchen will stop eating. Gotta dunk! the hostess picked up. “They are right,” Ivan Matveich calmly noted, “the economic principle comes first. “My friend,” I shouted, “I’m going to the authorities right now and I’m going to complain, because I have a presentiment that we won’t be able to cook this mess alone.” “And I think the same,” noted Ivan Matveich, “but without economic reward, in our age of trade crisis it is difficult to rip open a crocodile’s belly for nothing, and meanwhile the inevitable question arises: what will the owner take for his crocodile? and with it another: who will pay? for you know I have no means... “Is it on account of the salary,” I timidly remarked, but the owner immediately interrupted me: I don’t sell crocodile, I sell three thousand crocodile, I sell four thousand crocodile! Now the public will be walking a lot. I'm selling five thousand crocodile! In a word, he swaggered unbearably; selfishness and vile greed shone joyfully in his eyes. On my way! I shouted indignantly. Me too! me too! “I’ll go to Andrei Osipych himself, I’ll soften him with my tears,” Elena Ivanovna whined. “Don’t do this, my friend,” Ivan Matveich hastily interrupted her, for he had long been jealous of his wife for Andrei Osipych and knew that she was glad to go cry in front of an educated man, because tears came very well to her. “And I don’t advise you either, my friend,” he continued, turning to me, “there’s no point in going straight out of the blue; what else will come of this. You’d better come by today, as a private visit, to Timofey Semyonitch. He is an old-fashioned and narrow-minded man, but respectable and, most importantly, straightforward. Bow to him for me and describe the circumstances of the case. Since I owe him seven rubles for the last mess, then give them to him at the same time opportunity: This will soften the stern old man. In any case, his advice can serve as a guide for us. Now take Elena Ivanovna away for now... Calm down, my friend,” he continued to her, “I’m tired of all these screams and women’s squabbles and I want to get some sleep. It’s warm and soft here, although I haven’t had time to look around in this unexpected shelter... Look around! Is it bright for you there? - Elena Ivanovna cried out overjoyed. “I am surrounded by continuous night,” answered the poor prisoner, “but I can touch and, so to speak, look around with my hands... Farewell, be calm and do not deny yourself entertainment. See you tomorrow! You, Semyon Semyonich, come see me in the evening, and since you are distracted and might forget, tie a knot... I admit, I was glad to leave, because I was too tired, and partly bored. Hastily taking Elena Ivanovna, despondent but prettier from excitement, by the hand, I quickly led her out of the crocodile room. In the evening the entrance fee is again a quarter! The owner shouted after us. Oh my God, how greedy they are! said Elena Ivanovna, looking into every mirror in the walls of the Passage and, apparently, realizing that she had become prettier. “The economic principle,” I answered with slight excitement and proud of my lady in front of passers-by. “The economic principle...,” she drawled in a sympathetic voice, “I didn’t understand anything that Ivan Matveich was saying just now about this disgusting economic principle. “I will explain to you,” I answered and immediately began to talk about the beneficial results of attracting foreign capital to our fatherland, which I read about in the morning in Petersburg News and in Volos. How strange it all is! - she interrupted, after listening for some time, - stop it, you disgusting one; What nonsense are you talking... Tell me, am I very red? You are beautiful, not red! “I remarked, taking the opportunity to pay a compliment. Naughty! she stammered smugly. “Poor Ivan Matveich,” she added a minute later, tilting her head coquettishly on her shoulder, “I really feel sorry for him, oh my God!” - she suddenly cried out, - tell me, how will he eat there today and... and... how will he... if he needs anything? “An unexpected question,” I answered, also puzzled. To be honest, it never even occurred to me, women are so much more practical than us men when solving everyday problems! Poor thing, how did he fall so in love... and no entertainment and it’s dark... what a shame that I don’t have his photographic card left... So, now I’m like a widow, she added with a seductive smile, obviously interested in the new his position, hm... still, I feel sorry for him!.. In a word, a very understandable and natural melancholy of the young and interesting wife about her dead husband. I finally brought her home, calmed her down and, after having lunch with her, after a cup of aromatic coffee, I went to Timofey Semyonitch at six o’clock, hoping that at that hour everything would be family people certain activities, they sit or lie at home. Having written this first chapter in a style appropriate to the event being told, I intend to further use a style, although not so sublime, but more natural, which I inform the reader in advance.

The story "Crocodile"

The next piece is short story Dostoevsky's "Crocodile", written in a satirical direction, which vividly paints a picture of social life.

The plot of the work is fantastic. The official, Ivan Matveevich, is swallowed by a crocodile, and he realizes that everything is not so bad. He can influence society in the skin of an animal because people pay attention to him. Ivan Matveevich says:

“But since it is difficult, even for a crocodile, to digest a person like me, then, of course, he must at the same time feel some heaviness in his stomach - which, however, he does not have - and that’s why, so as not to cause unnecessary pain to the monster, I rarely toss and turn; and even though I could toss and turn, I don’t do it out of humanity. This is the only drawback of my current situation, and in an allegorical sense, Timofey Semyonovich is fair in calling me a lazy person. lying on your side - not only that, but only by lying on your side can you turn the fate of humanity around. All the great ideas and trends in our newspapers and magazines are obviously produced by lazy people, which is why they are called armchair ideas, but it doesn’t matter what they call it! Now I will invent a whole social system, and - you won’t believe it - how easy it is! All you have to do is retire somewhere far away in a corner, or even get into a crocodile, close your eyes, and you will immediately invent a whole paradise for all of humanity" (T.V C) .197)

This passage gives two definitions of journalists. First: that they do not toss and turn in the mouth of a crocodile based on humanity. And the second: all journalistic ideas are “armchair”. As for the first, we can say that the crocodile is the government, and the media exist peacefully at their side, trying to stir less, that is, to interfere with the government in any way. And the author’s second conclusion is a hint that journalistic ideas, for the most part, are “sucked out of thin air.” They lock themselves in their offices and wait for the information to come into their hands. They don’t search, don’t investigate, don’t get into the essence of what’s happening. Dostoevsky, in this passage, is very skeptical about the work of his colleagues.

The following excerpt is presented to us by a conversation between the author and an official:

“My friend, what about freedom?” I said, wanting to fully know his opinion. “After all, you are, so to speak, in prison, while a person should enjoy freedom.”

“You’re stupid,” he answered. - Wild people love independence, wise people love order, but there is no order.

Ivan Matveich, have mercy and mercy!

Shut up and listen! - he squealed in annoyance that I interrupted him. “I have never been so inspired as I am now.” In my cramped shelter I'm afraid of one thing - literary criticism thick magazines and the whistling of our satirical newspapers. I'm afraid that frivolous visitors, fools and envious people and nihilists in general will make me laugh. But I will take action. I look forward to tomorrow's public reviews, and most importantly, the newspapers' opinions. Report about the newspapers tomorrow" (T. V C. 198-199)

If we decided to take the image of a crocodile as the government, then it follows that it is afraid of journalistic opinion. It is very valuable and necessary for her, which is why the authorities subject the media to such pressure of censorship and control. And they are happy. “Wise people love order,” and who will arrange it for them except the king?

Dostoevsky writes that journalism is not free, its policies are too liberal, and it does not want to change. Corruption in this regard will only flourish.

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky

Crocodile

AN UNUSUAL EVENT, OR PASSAGE IN A PASSAGE, a fair story about how one gentleman, of a certain age and of a certain appearance, was swallowed alive by a passage crocodile, all without a trace, and what came of it.

Oh, Lambert! Ou est Lambert?

As-tu vu Lambert?

This thirteenth of January of the current sixty-fifth year, at half past one in the afternoon, Elena Ivanovna, the wife of Ivan Matveich, my educated friend, colleague and partly distant relative, wished to see the crocodile shown for a certain fee in the Passage. Having already in his pocket his ticket for traveling abroad (not so much due to illness as out of curiosity), and consequently, already considered on leave from work and, therefore, being completely free that morning, Ivan Matveich not only did not prevent the irresistible desire his wife, but even he himself was kindled with curiosity. “Great idea,” he said contentedly, “let’s examine the crocodile!” When going to Europe, it’s not a bad idea to get acquainted with the natives who inhabit it on the spot,” and with these words, taking his wife by the hand, he immediately went with her to Passage. I, as is my custom, stuck close to them - in the form of a house friend. Never before have I seen Ivan Matveich in a more pleasant mood than on that memorable morning for me - it is true that we do not know our fate in advance! Entering the Passage, he immediately began to admire the splendor of the building, and when he approached the store where the monster, newly brought to the capital, was displayed, he himself wanted to pay a quarter to the crocodile for me, which had never happened to him before. Entering the small room, we noticed that in addition to the crocodile, it also contained parrots from a foreign breed of cockatoo and, in addition, a group of monkeys in a special cabinet in the recess. At the very entrance, against the left wall, there was a large tin box in the shape of a bathtub, covered with a strong iron mesh, and at the bottom there was an inch of water. In this shallow puddle, a huge crocodile was preserved, lying like a log, completely motionless and, apparently, having lost all its abilities from our damp climate, inhospitable to foreigners. This monster did not arouse any particular curiosity in any of us at first.

So it's a crocodile! - Elena Ivanovna said in a voice of regret and in a sing-song voice, “and I thought that he... was someone else!”

Most likely, she thought it was diamond. The German who came out to us, the owner, the owner of the crocodile, looked at us with an extremely proud look.

“He’s right,” Ivan Matveich whispered to me, “for he realizes that he is the only one in all of Russia who is now showing a crocodile.”

I also attribute this completely nonsensical remark to the overly complacent mood that possessed Ivan Matveich, who in other cases was very envious.

It seems to me that your crocodile is not alive,” Elena Ivanovna said again, piqued by the owner’s intractability, and turning to him with a graceful smile in order to bow down this rude man, a maneuver so characteristic of women.

“Oh, no, madam,” he answered in broken Russian and immediately, lifting the mesh of the box halfway, began poking the crocodile in the head with a stick.

Then the insidious monster, in order to show its signs of life, slightly moved its paws and tail, raised its snout and let out something like a prolonged sniffle.

Well, don't be angry, Karlchen! - the German said affectionately, satisfied in his pride.

What a nasty crocodile! “I was even scared,” Elena Ivanovna babbled even more flirtatiously, “now I’ll see him in my dreams.”

But he won’t bite you in your sleep, madam,” the German picked up haberdashery and, first of all, laughed at the wit of his words, but none of us answered him.

Let’s go, Semyon Semyonich,” Elena Ivanovna continued, addressing exclusively me, “let’s take a look at the monkeys.” I really like monkeys; some of them are so sweet... and the crocodile is terrible.

“Oh, don’t be afraid, my friend,” Ivan Matveich shouted after us, pleasantly brave in front of his wife. “This sleepy inhabitant of the pharaoh’s kingdom will not do anything to us,” and remained by the box. Moreover, taking his glove, he began to tickle the crocodile’s nose with it, wanting, as he admitted later, to make him sniffle again. The owner followed Elena Ivanovna, like a lady, to the closet with monkeys.

This work was written by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky in 1864, and published in 1865. The narrator of “Crocodile” told us this story.

"Crocodile": summary

They brought it to the St. Petersburg Passage, to a store owned by a certain German, for display. big crocodile. One afternoon, an official named Ivan Matveevich, his beautiful wife Elena Ivanovna and the narrator (their close friend) go to look at this crocodile. The amazing incident that happened in Passage is the subject of the story.

When Ivan Matveevich began to tickle the crocodile’s nose with his glove, he somehow managed to swallow it. Then the rest of the discouraged spectators began to demand to “rip open” the crocodile’s belly, but the nasty German not only refused to do this, but began to demand monetary compensation from the guests, since they “fed” his crocodile with the affectionate name Karlchen such poison that he could die from it.

Since the air was filled with “Rip it up!” Rip it up!” which reminded the visitors of the Passage about the flogging of peasants, a bearer of “progressive” beliefs appeared in the shop, who began to talk about the inadmissibility of such a “retrograde” measure. Here Ivan Matveyevich suddenly spoke from the crocodile, who does not agree to rip open the crocodile’s belly without naming the amount of compensation to the owner, because “without economic compensation, it is difficult in our age of trade crisis to rip open the crocodile’s belly for nothing, and meanwhile the question seems inevitable: what will the owner take for his crocodile ? and with it another: who will pay? for you know I have no means.” At the same time, he claims that until the money issue is resolved, it is better for him to stay in his belly, since it is “warm and soft” here, although it smells like rubber.

The narrator takes Elena Ivanovna home, and she becomes very excited, looks even younger and more beautiful than usual, hints that she is now a widow... A little later she starts talking about divorce - since “a husband should live at home, not in a crocodile” .

The narrator goes for advice to his colleague Timofey Semyonovich. He speaks in the spirit that he had long assumed that something like this might happen, since Ivan Matveyevich always talked about some kind of “progress”, and therefore, because of his arrogance, he found himself in the crocodile’s belly. At the same time, he wisely advises not to talk about the crocodile at the service - after all, Ivan Matveyevich, as everyone knows, must go on vacation abroad for three months.

Various St. Petersburg newspapers are making a fuss about this extraordinary incident. They say that Russia has not yet learned how to treat animals humanely. Wanting to see how people perceive this incident, the narrator wraps himself in an overcoat and goes to Passage, where, as he has a presentiment, a crush has formed...

This is the plot outline of this story. In it, Dostoevsky does not prefer a “violent” ending, but breaks off the narrative, giving free rein to the reader’s imagination.

“Crocodile” (Dostoevsky): analysis of the story

It is noteworthy that the narrator, on whose behalf the story is told, is a type of newspaper reporter scouring the city in search of news. At the same time, Dostoevsky slightly changes this type of newspaperman. This, of course, is not a direct participant in the events, it is an eyewitness who is near the main characters and observes what is happening to them. This is, so to speak, a “half-character” who interviews full-fledged characters. When the hero of the story, Ivan Matveevich, finds himself in the belly of a crocodile, he tells the narrator that he wants to use him as a secretary, thus defining the function that the narrator performs in this story.

In “Demons” and “The Brothers Karamazov” the same “half-character” (“I”) will also provide information about what happened. All of Dostoevsky's literature has the character of a news chronicle, which is also manifested in the image of the narrator.

His works 1862-1865 (“A bad joke”, “Winter notes on summer impressions”, “Notes from the Underground”, etc.) Dostoevsky published in the magazines “Time” and “Epoch” that he edited. All these works are marked by a polemical charge - they are imbued with irony and “feuilletonny”. "The Crocodile" (1865) belongs to the same series - this "fiction" prose clearly reflects the controversies and journalistic discussions of the time.

In Russia in the 1860s, which began to implement numerous social reforms (primarily the abolition of serfdom), the debate was high, and, of course, St. Petersburg educated people put forward the most different theories, which are reflected in the fierce debate that the magazines conducted among themselves.

“Vremya” and then “Epoch” unfurled the banner of “pochvennichestvo” - a somewhat amorphous form of Russian patriotism. The “ears” of Dostoevsky the polemicist stick out everywhere in “Crocodile”. He could not be satisfied with the role of a magazine critic. Therefore, he summarized his opponents from the progressive “Contemporary” into one person, skillfully putting into his mouth the phraseology inherent in those topics and introducing it into the fabric of his anecdotal feuilleton narrative. The narrator repeatedly notes that Ivan Matveyevich’s voice from the crocodile’s belly sounds as if from afar, which was supposed to once again emphasize the separation of the “progressive party” from reality. In the speeches of the narrator himself, there are often newspaper quotes - long and producing a comic impression - which is integral part author's intention. Scientists from the Institute of Russian Literature (“ Pushkin House") conducted detailed studies of the magazine polemics of those years and showed who exactly these or other barbs appearing in the speeches of the characters in the story were addressed to. From these comments it is clear that “Crocodile” is a work directed primarily against the progressives from Sovremennik.

The voice of Ivan Matveevich coming from the belly of the crocodile is a real public speech aimed at “improving the fate of all mankind.” It is clear that in this passage Dostoevsky ridicules the economist Chernyshevsky, the spiritual leader of Sovremennik, who was arrested by the authorities.

Immediately after the publication of “Crocodile,” rumors began to circulate that in this story Dostoevsky maliciously ridiculed the sufferer Chernyshevsky. Fyodor Mikhailovich completely denied this (“Diary of a Writer,” 1873, “Something Personal”), but it is clear that he had such an intention. The prototype of Elena Ivanovna, the wife of Ivan Matveevich, is Olga Chernyshevskaya.

Chernyshevsky expressed his ideas in the utopian novel “What is to be done?” (1863). In this work, he repeatedly emphasizes: all human behavior can be explained from the point of view of “benefit”; in order for a person’s life to become more joyful, one should only encourage him to perform actions consistent with this goal; If, in accordance with this principle, this understanding of “egoism” is given vent, then society will become healthy. Wasn’t it this optimistic utilitarianism that Dostoevsky mocked in Notes from Underground?

We see the continuation of this controversy in the caricature of Ivan Matveevich from “Crocodile”. His speeches addressed to all humanity, heard from the crocodile’s belly, perhaps parody Chernyshevsky, who wrote “What is to be done?” while in a prison cell.

The broken, feuilleton style of “Crocodile” overturns the reader’s established ideas about Dostoevsky. It is usually believed that Fyodor Mikhailovich is a purely serious writer who is busy discussing metaphysical problems. Of course, in in a broad sense of this word, Dostoevsky is a writer whose work is centered on such religious problems as the salvation of man, the existence of God and the existence of science, etc. At the same time, he also has works of a more “down-to-earth” type, where a broken style and where the writer's goal is to make the reader laugh. And this side was manifested quite clearly from the very beginning of his work.

When Dostoevsky was still at the very beginning of his writing career, he was attracted not only historical plays Schiller and Pushkin, but also vaudeville and feuilleton. He read with great pleasure the numerous vaudevilles published in the theater magazine with which his older brother Mikhail collaborated, and he also adored the feuilletonist Lucien, inspired by Balzac in Lost Illusions.

The inner world of an unlucky petty official rejected by his colleagues was the main interest of the young Dostoevsky (“Poor People”, “The Double”). But the material for this serious topic also included those petty street gossips that could be heard on the streets of St. Petersburg. And this was reflected in Dostoevsky’s literary preferences. “The Double” is written in a “heavenly” way—its style is exaggerated and unnatural. “Mr. Prokharchin” is in the style of an anecdote that suddenly makes the reader burst out laughing. And this is because Fyodor Mikhailovich liked vaudeville works. "Crocodile" continues this funny tradition of Dostoevsky.

Crocodile

“This thirteenth of January of the current sixty-fifth year, at half past one in the afternoon, Elena Ivanovna, the wife of Ivan Matveich, my educated friend, colleague and partly distant relative, wished to see a crocodile shown for a certain fee in the Passage. Having already in his pocket his ticket for traveling abroad (not so much due to illness as out of curiosity), and, therefore, already considered on leave from work and, therefore, being completely free that morning, Ivan Matveich not only did not prevent the insurmountable the desire of his wife, but even he himself was kindled with curiosity..."

Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky Crocodile

An extraordinary event, or a passage within a passage

a fair story about how one gentleman, of a certain age and a certain appearance, was swallowed alive by a passing crocodile, completely without a trace, and what came of it

I

Oh Lambert! Où est Lambert?

This thirteenth of January of the current sixty-fifth year, at half past one in the afternoon, Elena Ivanovna, the wife of Ivan Matveich, my educated friend, colleague and partly distant relative, wished to see the crocodile shown for a certain fee in the Passage. Having already in his pocket his ticket for traveling abroad (not so much due to illness as out of curiosity), and, therefore, already considered on leave from work and, therefore, being completely free that morning, Ivan Matveich not only did not prevent the insurmountable the desire of his wife, but even he himself was kindled with curiosity. “Great idea,” he said complacently, “let’s examine the crocodile!” When going to Europe, it’s not a bad idea to get acquainted with the natives who inhabit it on the spot,” and with these words, taking his wife by the arm, he immediately went with her to Passage. I, as is my custom, stuck close to them - in the form of a house friend. I have never seen Ivan Matveich in a more pleasant mood than on that memorable morning for me - it is true that we do not know our fate in advance! Entering the Passage, he immediately began to admire the splendor of the building, and when he approached the store where the monster, newly brought to the capital, was displayed, he himself wanted to pay a quarter to the crocodile for me, which had never happened to him before. Entering the small room, we noticed that in addition to the crocodile, it also contained parrots from a foreign breed of cockatoo and, in addition, a group of monkeys in a special cabinet in the recess. At the very entrance, against the left wall, there was a large tin box in the shape of a bathtub, covered with a strong iron mesh, and at the bottom there was an inch of water. In this shallow puddle, a huge crocodile was preserved, lying like a log, completely motionless and, apparently, having lost all its abilities from our damp climate, inhospitable to foreigners. This monster did not arouse any particular curiosity in any of us at first.

- So it’s a crocodile! - Elena Ivanovna said in a voice of regret and in a sing-song voice. – And I thought that he... was someone else!

Most likely, she thought it was diamond. The German who came out to us, the owner, the owner of the crocodile, looked at us with an extremely proud look.

“He’s right,” Ivan Matveich whispered to me, “for he realizes that he’s the only one in all of Russia who is now showing a crocodile.”

I also attribute this completely absurd remark to the overly complacent mood that possessed Ivan Matveyevich, who in other cases was very envious.

“It seems to me that your crocodile is not alive,” Elena Ivanovna said again, piqued by the owner’s intractability, and turning to him with a graceful smile in order to bow down this rude man, a maneuver so characteristic of women.

“Oh no, madam,” he answered in broken Russian and immediately, lifting the mesh of the box halfway, began poking the crocodile in the head with a stick.

Then the insidious monster, in order to show its signs of life, slightly moved its paws and tail, raised its snout and let out something like a prolonged sniffle.

- Well, don’t be angry, Karlchen! – the German said affectionately, satisfied in his pride.

- What a disgusting crocodile! “I was even scared,” Elena Ivanovna babbled even more flirtatiously, “now I’ll see him in my dreams.”

“But he won’t bite you in your sleep, madam,” the German picked up haberdashery and, first of all, laughed at the wit of his words, but none of us answered him.

“Come on, Semyon Semyonich,” Elena Ivanovna continued, addressing exclusively me, “let’s take a look at the monkeys.” I really like monkeys; some of them are so sweet... and the crocodile is terrible.

“Oh, don’t be afraid, my friend,” Ivan Matveich shouted after us, pleasantly brave in front of his wife. “This sleepy inhabitant of the pharaoh’s kingdom will not do anything to us,” and remained by the box. Moreover, taking his glove, he began to tickle the crocodile’s nose with it, wanting, as he admitted later, to make him sniffle again. The owner followed Elena Ivanovna, like a lady, to the closet with monkeys.

Thus, everything went perfectly and nothing could be foreseen. Elena Ivanovna even enjoyed herself to the point of playfulness with the monkeys and seemed to give herself entirely to them. She screamed with pleasure, constantly turning to me, as if not wanting to pay any attention to the owner, and laughed at the similarity she noticed between these monkeys and her short-term acquaintances and friends. I was also amused, because the similarity was undeniable. The German owner did not know whether to laugh or not, and therefore in the end he completely frowned. And at that very moment, suddenly a terrible, I might even say, unnatural scream shook the room. Not knowing what to think, I froze on the spot at first; but noticing that Elena Ivanovna was already screaming, he quickly turned around and - what did I see! I saw - oh my God! - I saw Ivan Matveich in the terrible jaws of a crocodile, intercepted by them across the body, already lifted horizontally into the air and desperately dangling his legs in it. Then a moment - and he was gone. But I will describe it in detail, because I stood motionless the whole time and managed to see the entire process taking place in front of me with such attention and curiosity that I don’t even remember. “For,” I thought at that fateful moment, “what if all this had happened to me instead of Ivan Matveich - what a nuisance it would have been for me!” But to the point. The crocodile began by turning poor Ivan Matveich in his terrible jaws towards himself with his feet, and first swallowed the very feet; then, burping a little Ivan Matveich, who was trying to jump out and was clinging to the box with his hands, again pulled him into himself above the waist. Then, burping again, he swallowed again and again. Thus, Ivan Matveich apparently disappeared in our eyes. Finally, having finally swallowed, the crocodile absorbed all of my educated friend, and this time without a trace. On the surface of the crocodile one could notice how Ivan Matveich with all his forms walked through its interior. I was already getting ready to scream again, when suddenly fate once again wanted to play a treacherous joke on us: the crocodile strained, probably choking from the enormity of the object he had swallowed, again opened his entire terrible mouth, and from it, in the form of a last belch, suddenly jumped out for one second the head of Ivan Matveich, with a desperate expression on his face, and his glasses instantly fell off his nose to the bottom of the box. It seemed that this desperate head jumped out just to take one last look at all the objects and mentally say goodbye to all secular pleasures. But she didn’t have time in her intention: the crocodile gathered his strength again, took a sip - and instantly she disappeared again, this time forever. This appearance and disappearance of a still living human head was so terrible, but at the same time - whether from the speed and unexpectedness of the action or as a result of glasses falling off the nose - it contained something so funny that I suddenly and completely unexpectedly snorted; but, realizing that it was indecent for me to laugh at such a moment as a family friend, he immediately turned to Elena Ivanovna and said to her with a sympathetic look:

- Now kaput our Ivan Matveich!

I can’t even think or express how strong Elena Ivanovna’s excitement was throughout the entire process. At first, after the first cry, she seemed to freeze in place and looked at the chaos that appeared to her, apparently indifferently, but with extremely bulging eyes; then she suddenly burst into a tearing scream, but I grabbed her hands. At that moment the owner, who at first was also stupefied with horror, suddenly clasped his hands and shouted, looking at the sky:

- Oh my crocodile, oh mein allerlibster Karlchen! Mutter, mutter, mutter!

At this cry, the back door opened and a mutter appeared, in a cap, ruddy, elderly, but disheveled, and with a squeal she rushed to her German.

It was then that the sodomy began: Elena Ivanovna shouted out, like a frenzy, only one word: “Rip up!” rip!" - and rushed to the owner and to the mutter, apparently begging them - probably in self-forgetfulness - to cut someone up for something. The owner and the mutter did not pay attention to any of us: they both howled like calves near the box.

“He’s a loser, he’s going to gobble up now, because he swallowed the ganz official!” - the owner shouted.

- Unser Karlchen, unser allerlibster Karlchen vird sterben! - howled the hostess.

- We are orphans and without kleb! – the owner picked up.

- Rip, rip, rip! - Elena Ivanovna burst into tears, clutching the German’s frock coat.

- He teased the crocodile, - why did your husband tease the crocodile! - the German shouted, fighting back. – You will pay if Karlchen vird lopal, – das var mein zone, das var mein einziger zone!

I admit, I was in terrible indignation, seeing such selfishness of a visiting German and dryness of heart in his disheveled mutter; nevertheless, Elena Ivanovna’s continuously repeated cries: “Rip up, rip up!” - aroused my anxiety even more and finally captivated all my attention, so that I was even frightened... I will say in advance that these strange exclamations were completely misunderstood by me: it seemed to me that Elena Ivanovna had lost her mind for a moment, but nevertheless, wanting to take revenge for the death of her beloved Ivan Matveich, offered, in the form of satisfaction that followed, to punish the crocodile with rods. Meanwhile, she meant something completely different. Not without embarrassment, looking at the door, I began to beg Elena Ivanovna to calm down and, most importantly, not to use the sensitive word “rip.” For such a retrograde desire here, in the very heart of the Passage and educated society, two steps from the very hall where, perhaps at that very moment, Mr. Lavrov was giving a public lecture, was not only impossible, but even unthinkable from the moment to a minute could attract the whistles of education and caricatures of Mr. Stepanov. To my horror, I was immediately proven right in my fearful suspicions: suddenly the curtain that separated the crocodile room from the entrance closet in which quarters were collected was parted, and a figure with a mustache, a beard and a cap in his hands appeared on the threshold, bending very strongly with his upper body forward and very prudently tried to keep her feet outside the threshold of the crocodile room in order to preserve the right not to pay for the entrance.

“Such a retrograde desire, madam,” said the stranger, trying not to somehow fall over to us and stand behind the threshold, “does not honor your development and is caused by a lack of phosphorus in your brains.” You will immediately be booed in the chronicles of progress and in our satirical sheets...

But he did not finish: the owner, who came to his senses, was horrified to see a man speaking in the crocodile room and not paying anything for it, furiously rushed at the progressive stranger and pushed him into the neck with both fists. For a minute both disappeared from our eyes behind the curtain, and only then did I finally realize that the whole mess had come out of nothing; Elena Ivanovna turned out to be completely innocent: she did not at all think, as I already noted above, to subject the crocodile to retrograde and humiliating punishment with rods, but simply simply wished that his belly would be ripped open with a knife and thus Ivan Matveich would be freed from his entrails.

- How! You're going to let my crocodile go to waste! - the owner screamed as he ran in again. - No, let your husband first be a loser, and then a crocodile!.. Main Vater will show the crocodile, Main Grosfater will show the crocodile, Main Zone will show the crocodile, and I will show the crocodile! Everyone will show the crocodile! I am a Ghanaian from Europe, but you are unknown to a Ghanaian from Europe and he is paying me a fine.

- I, I! – picked up the evil German woman. - Don’t let you in, fine when Karlchen eats!

“And it’s useless to tear it up,” I added calmly, wanting to distract Elena Ivanovna to go home as quickly as possible, “for our dear Ivan Matveich, in all likelihood, is now floating somewhere in the empyrean.”

“My friend,” Ivan Matveich’s voice came out completely unexpectedly at that moment, amazing us to the extreme, “my friend, my opinion is to act directly through the warden’s office, because a German will not understand the truth without the help of the police.”

These words, spoken firmly, with weight and expressing an extraordinary presence of mind, at first amazed us so much that we all refused to believe our ears. But, of course, they immediately ran up to the crocodile box and listened to the unfortunate prisoner with as much reverence as they did with incredulity. His voice was muffled, thin and even loud, as if coming from a considerable distance from us. It was like when some joker, going into another room and covering his mouth with an ordinary sleeping pillow, begins to scream, wanting to present to the audience remaining in the other room how two men call to each other in the desert or being separated from each other by a deep ravine - that I I had the pleasure of hearing it once from my friends at Christmas time.

- Ivan Matveich, my friend, so you’re alive! - Elena Ivanovna babbled.

“Alive and healthy,” answered Ivan Matveich, “and thanks to the Almighty, he was swallowed without any damage.” My only concern is how the authorities will look at this episode; because, having received a ticket abroad, he fell into a crocodile, which is not even witty...

“But, my friend, don’t worry about wit; “First of all, we need to somehow get you out of here,” Elena Ivanovna interrupted.

- They're picking! - the owner cried. “I won’t let the crocodile pick.” Now the public will walk around more, and I will ask for fufzig kopecks, and Karlchen will stop eating.

- Gotta dunk! – the hostess picked up.

“They are right,” Ivan Matveich calmly noted, “the economic principle comes first.”

“My friend,” I shouted, “I’m going to the authorities right now and I’m going to complain, because I have a presentiment that we won’t be able to cook this mess alone.”

“And I think so too,” noted Ivan Matveich, “but without economic reward, in our age of trade crisis it is difficult to rip open a crocodile’s belly for nothing, and meanwhile the inevitable question arises: what will the owner take for his crocodile?” and with it another: who will pay? for you know I have no means...

“Is it on account of my salary,” I timidly remarked, but the owner immediately interrupted me:

- I don’t sell crocodile, I sell three thousand crocodile, I sell four thousand crocodile! Now the public will be walking a lot. I'm selling five thousand crocodile!

In a word, he swaggered unbearably; selfishness and vile greed shone joyfully in his eyes.

- I'm on my way! – I shouted indignantly.

- And I! me too! “I’ll go to Andrei Osipych himself, I’ll soften him with my tears,” Elena Ivanovna whined.

“Don’t do this, my friend,” Ivan Matveich hastily interrupted her, for he had long been jealous of his wife for Andrei Osipych and knew that she was glad to go cry in front of an educated man, because tears really suited her. “And I don’t advise you either, my friend,” he continued, turning to me, “there’s no point in going straight from the bay; what else will come of this. You’d better come by today, as a private visit, to Timofey Semyonitch. He is an old-fashioned and narrow-minded man, but respectable and, most importantly, straightforward. Bow to him for me and describe the circumstances of the case. Since I owe him seven rubles for the last mess, give them to him at this opportunity: it will soften the stern old man. In any case, his advice can serve as a guide for us. Now take Elena Ivanovna away for now... Calm down, my friend,” he continued to her, “I’m tired of all these screams and women’s squabbles and I want to get some sleep. It’s warm and soft here, although I haven’t had time to look around in this unexpected shelter...

- Look around! Is it bright for you there? - Elena Ivanovna cried out overjoyed.

“I am surrounded by continuous night,” answered the poor prisoner, “but I can touch and, so to speak, look around with my hands... Farewell, be calm and do not deny yourself entertainment.” See you tomorrow! You, Semyon Semyonich, come see me in the evening, and since you are distracted and might forget, tie a knot...

I admit, I was glad to leave, because I was too tired, and partly bored. Hastily taking Elena Ivanovna, despondent but prettier from excitement, by the hand, I quickly led her out of the crocodile room.

– In the evening the entrance fee is again a quarter! – the owner shouted after us.

- Oh God, how greedy they are! - said Elena Ivanovna, looking in every mirror in the walls of the Passage and, apparently, realizing that she had become prettier.

“The economic principle,” I answered with slight excitement and proud of my lady in front of passers-by.

“The economic principle...” she drawled in a sympathetic voice, “I didn’t understand anything that Ivan Matveich said just now about this disgusting economic principle.”

“I’ll explain to you,” I answered and immediately began to talk about the beneficial results of attracting foreign capital to our fatherland, which I read about in the morning in Petersburg News and in Volos.

- How strange it all is! – she interrupted after listening for a while. - Stop it, you disgusting one; what nonsense are you talking... Tell me, am I very red?