I’ve been watching the Vremya program for a long time now and they show how Stanislav Govorukhin blames President Putin for modern children. An acquaintance of his literature teacher suggested that they explain the meaning of the words from Pushkin's poem Zim. “They don’t know,” the master of cinema scolded. To the president’s credit, he somehow stood up for the kids and said something like, “It’s not that bad”...
But it must be said that the now much-lauded test for knowledge of Russian archaics is, after all, the invention of your humble servant in 2005. It was then that I posted this opus on the Rom Collection website. And my wife, under the nickname Kitty, posted it on the Family website:
...Winter!.. Peasant*, triumphant,
On the firewood** updates the path;
His horse***, smelling the snow****,
Trotting ***** somehow;
Reins****** fluffy exploding*******,
The ******** wagon********* is flying, the daring************;
The coachman*********** sits on the beam************
In a sheepskin coat *************, in a red sash**************.
Here the yard boy *************** is running,
In the sled **************** Bug ******************* planted;
transforming himself into a horse;
The naughty ********* has already frozen his finger:
He is both painful and funny,
And his mother threatens him through the window...
(from the novel, Eugene Onegin”)
and a textbook for primary school students.
Compare the four headings: “Winter”, “Winter?”, “Winter!”, and “Winter!”..”.
Read each of them and compare them with the entire content of the poem.
Which title best suits these verses?
Some statistics:
There are 44 words in the verse, 19 of which are incomprehensible to modern children, they are either archaisms or rare, or their meaning has changed over time (ZB-exploding).
Etta / the other day means Tver folk word, not to be confused with this // my daughter came up to me in tears and said that they were given two terrible poems to learn by heart. She was then in the 2nd grade of the gymnasium and she was 7 years old and 8 months old.
This is, of course, not what early development in Rus', when Peter the Great, at the age of 5, was told to teach the psalter to his mind. We all know the result - he learned the psalms of King David by heart and became fierce and evil! Monuments are everywhere. And L. Tolstoy, when asked when the book about Peter would be published (he was collecting materials for a while), snapped in response:
Drunkard and libertine! and I won’t write...
... I discovered that the child does not understand 50% of the words and 100% of the content of this text, which seems to be written in Russian, and what kind of Russian! language...
I am ready to explain to children what Georgia and the darkness of the night are until they understand!
But I was not ready to explain what kind of fluffy reins the daring wagon explodes and why this box on runners, pulled by a horse, moving at a speed of best case scenario, 20 km/h, flying...:);
In terms of meaning, it turns out that this is something like an MI-8 helicopter equipped with ATGMs...
This text should, of course, be removed from children's textbooks, it is hopeless due to its archaic nature, but what can be given in return when the entire subsequent poetic civilization has not created anything comparable to A.S. Pushkin about winter in Russian!?
...Olzhas Suleimenov recalls in an interview:
I remember the first evening of Soviet poetry in Paris in 1977. Konstantin Simonov said that he brought out the USSR poetry team.” We collected a big four thousandth! Hall. Typically Parisian poetry evenings involve a few people in small cafes. And here, for the first time, Paris listened to poetry in such halls. And they listened to our Soviet tribune poetry, which attracted large audiences in Moscow...
...we were nine of us (Voznesensky didn’t go - he found out that Yevtushenko would be there :))
- Vysotsky, Okudzhava, Rozhdestvensky...
And who will write modern poems, for all ages, about winter!?
Pushkin again... Alexander Sergeevich?
I don’t know a comparable rating of poems, by God I have nothing to offer children!
Intonationally, in the great and mighty, the meaning of any phrase can be changed to exactly the opposite!
Remember Yeseninsky, I think, a brilliant joke:
The sky is like a bell...
The month is a language...
Mother is my Motherland!!
Am I...a Bolshevik???
AS also loved:
...the naughty guy has frozen his finger... :);
It seemed to me even as a child, and even more so now, that he didn’t mean a finger!
There is another, paired, organ that goes into rhyme...
So I finished about winter:
Pushkin, is this our everything?
:))))))))
Pushkin is our everything! /T.Tolstaya, KYS, formerly A.Blok/
Or:
Pushkin, is this our everything?
And then it went on and on - everyone rushed to test the children’s knowledge of archaics:
From network publications:
A colleague sent me a heartbreaking horror story about furry reins. After reading it, it became clear that the story with the reins needed to be checked for beardedness. And for sure - I never know how to use the word “accordion”, but this seems to be the same:
One day, modern first-graders were asked to draw a picture based on Pushkin’s quatrain:
Fluffy reins exploding,
A daring carriage flies.
The coachman sits on the beam
In a sheepskin coat and a red sash.
The result was... Well, let's start with the fact that of all the words, the most understandable were “sheepskin coat” and “sash”.
In the minds of the children, the wagon turned out to be aircraft. Why? Well, it’s written “the daring carriage is flying.” For some, it also turned out to look like a cube (KUBITKA). The flying daring ki(u)bat is engaged in a very militant business - it explodes. What, or rather, who?
The reins are fluffy. These are the animals (they are fluffy!), a cross between a beaver and a thrush. The fact that according to the rules then there should have been “reins” did not bother the children - and grenades and bombs rained down on the poor fluffy reins from the wagon.
The genocide of the reins is being watched by a certain person in a sheepskin coat and a red sash and with a shovel. This is a coachman.
The wearer of the sheepskin coat and sash, according to the children, has nothing to do with the wagon and the outrages it commits.
One born to dig cannot fly (on a wagon)!
The most difficult word was irradiation. Some of the children did not understand at all what it was and what they eat it with, as a result the driver with a shovel (why else should he dig holes, he’s a coachman!) found himself sitting on his “fifth point”.
In another version, he was asked to sit on a small hoop (hoop) and, balancing with a shovel, watch the reins explode.
As a result, there is no wagon rushing in a cloud of snow sparkling under the sun with a cheerful bearded guy in a sheepskin coat and a sash on a sawhorse. Instead, a cubic flying crap rushes over the ground, under its deadly blows bloody scraps of unfortunate fluffy reins fly, and all this, balancing on a hoop on the edge of a dug hole, is watched by a lumpen person in a sheepskin coat and a red sash, with a shovel.
http://children.kulichki.net/parents/pushkin.htm (a description of the genocide was found in various corners of the Russian Internet).
However, this is not what confused me at all. I have seen and heard all sorts of mistakes, but I will never believe that first-graders with their native and only Russian language suddenly gave the reins a soul. This couldn't help but confuse them! The reins can be blown up, but they were never alive!
Burning with research fervor, I was not too lazy to give the same task to Russian-speaking students of varying degrees of Russian-speaking ability, and then to my own fourteen-year-old daughter.
The results blew my mind. Most of the people who graduated from one to six grades of the Russian (!) school did not understand a single noun in this stanza. The most advanced (so far everything coincides with the results of the mentioned study) were familiar with the words “sheep coat” and “sash.” The wagon, as it was announced by Pushkin, flew, exploding, and for many artists it looked like something like an anti-aircraft gun with a vertical take-off. Yes, she fired at the fluffy reins, but there were no signs of bloody violence, although some splashes were observed. None of the subjects considered the coachman to be a hole digger. The irradiator seemed to look something like a stump.
The most knowledgeable still guessed what a “kibitka” was (after all, the Armenian radio also figured out what a “boa” was!), and realized that in fact it does not fly, but rushes. It's amazing that the wagon was harnessed to anything other than a horse - from a camel to something like an African elephant! And at the same time, the wagon still blew up the long-suffering reins, so again it was a little anti-aircraft gun and just a little bit of a cart. The message that a wagon is a cart turned exotic animals into horses, but did not affect the development of the theme of reins. This topic has not been discussed with anyone! But the fluffiness of these reins did not make the artists believe in genocide.
After what I experienced in class, I no longer expected anything from my own daughter. And even before that she showed no hope: http://lila-krik.livejournal.com/31353.html. And my daughter did not disappoint again! The only noun that she managed to semantize in context was sheepskin coat. Judging by the picture, the sheepskin coat was warm outerwear. She had to wrap a red sash around the head of a man who looked like a loader. The guy (after all, Pushkin’s genius was blowing up some reins) was bearded! The kibitka turned out to be a huge grinning bird (why not, there are jackdaws, jays and canaries, she hardly knew about the bird-three), and the ray that sheltered the man (greetings from Alice) was a little like a cloud, a little like a barrel. The reins, of course, exploded, and their fluffiness was due to the feathered nature of the bird. Perhaps the wagon was a firebird, and the flying feathers exploded when dropped... I whined and sent her to finish reading the first volume of “War and Peace,” which was assigned for home, since nothing was working with “Onegin.”
But it was quite interesting, after all, what the people’s opinion turned out to be...
If we do not take some specific ones, then the general one is this:
and it doesn’t hurt to memorize more clever words, no matter what they are applied to!
...well, I don’t agree with this formulation at all!... Remember Petrusha the First, from five to seven, when, according to tradition, he memorized the psalter, the sexton taught him excellently, mainly unfamiliar words!!
I still want to remember Montaigne, long-suffering Michel, when his crazy father, first to a poor peasant girl from birth to two years old, gave him a little son - for the people's feeding?! - and then forbade everyone in the area of a hundred miles to speak anything other than Latin...
So, mazes langwich, he had Latin! If God hadn’t brought his parents to his senses, my son would have ended up in a mental hospital, but: he gave in to the tattoo, sent him to a normal French school, where Misha happily forgot his Latin, except in order to graduate from this school with honors and become a deputy of the local council :)))
I'm not a fan of playing with too many unclear words, at an immature age - especially. How is a bilingual raised? - You need at least a second native speaker from birth. And if you are not a native speaker, don’t bother! You will make a mistake in the child’s brain and he will not really know any language.
Smart words are harmful large quantities without understanding them! And to understand, it was my dad who taught me (and he himself, in the army in 1937):
To understand means to remember and be able to apply...:)))))))))))
But Pushkin really has nothing to do with it...
Winter, snow...
It's dark outside, like on the day of creation,
Let the snow fall, let the snow fall,
As he always poured. Without delay
The snowdrifts are growing with their caps up.
Today it's snowing and tomorrow it will be the same.
But the late dawn does not scare me -
My whole essence loves snow so godlessly,
Voiceless, unanswered, maybe in vain
I've been here since morning, covered in snow,
Either the forest is in the snow, or my soul.
How quiet it is in them, the peace saved,
Let the joy of life sleep in both.
I hope, I'm waiting, we'll go out with you again
In my snow, it is clean and light.
There is no love there, it doesn’t hurt, it doesn’t hurt,
Unkind predator, evil freezes.
Winter will pass and all the snow will melt,
Green grass will appear again
One day I won't see her, I know
Snow is falling and words are pouring out.
Minor, really... but kids need something in a major in their textbook...
I sometimes sing Eugene Onegin to myself - to the tune of The Golden Mountains. Have you tried it? cures however, try:
If only I had mountains of gold -
When I seriously fell ill,
He forced himself to respect
I: I couldn’t think of anything better!
CHAPTER FOUR
But our northern summer,
Caricature of southern winters,
It will flash and not: this is known,
Although we don’t want to admit it.
The sky was already breathing in autumn,
The sun shone less often,
The day was getting shorter
Mysterious forest canopy
With a sad noise she stripped herself,
Fog lay over the fields,
Noisy caravan of geese
Stretched to the south: approaching
Quite a boring time;
It was already November outside the yard.The dawn rises in the cold darkness;
In the fields the noise of work fell silent;
With his hungry wolf, a wolf comes out onto the road;
Smelling him, the road horse
Snores - and the traveler is cautious
Rushes up the mountain at full speed;
At dawn the shepherd
He no longer drives the cows out of the barn,
And at midday in a circle
His horn does not call them;
A maiden singing in a hut
Spins, and, friend of winter nights,
A splinter crackles in front of her.And now the frost is crackling
CHAPTER FIVE
And they shine silver among the fields...
(The reader is already waiting for the rhyme of the rose;
Here, take it quickly!)
Tidier than fashionable parquet
The river shines, covered in ice.
Boys are a joyful people
Skates cut the ice noisily;
A heavy goose on red paws,
Having decided to sail across the bosom of the waters,
Steps carefully onto the ice,
Slips and falls; funny
The first snow flashes and curls,
Stars falling on the shore.It's autumn weather this year
I stood in the yard for a long time,
Winter was waiting, nature was waiting,
Snow only fell in January
On the third night. Waking up early
Tatiana saw through the window
In the morning the yard turned white,
Curtains, roofs and fences,
There are light patterns on the glass,
Trees in winter silver,
Forty merry ones in the yard
And softly carpeted mountains
Winter is a brilliant carpet.
Everything is bright, everything is white all around.Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On the firewood it renews the path;
His horse smells the snow,
Trotting along somehow,
Fluffy reins exploding,
The daring carriage flies;
The coachman sits on the beam
In a sheepskin coat and a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
Having planted a bug in the sled,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The naughty man has already frozen his finger:
He is both painful and funny,
And his mother threatens him through the window...CHAPTER SEVEN
Driven by spring rays,
There is already snow from the surrounding mountains
Escaped through muddy streams
To the flooded meadows.
Nature's clear smile
Through a dream he greets the morning of the year;
The skies are shining blue.
Still transparent, the forests seem to turn green with fluff.
A bee for a field tribute flies from a wax cell.
The valleys are dry and colorful;
The herds rustle and the nightingale
Already singing in the silence of the night.How sad your appearance makes me,
Spring, spring! it's time for love!
What languid excitement
In my soul, in my blood!
With what heavy tenderness
I enjoy the breeze
Spring blowing in my face
In the lap of rural silence!
Or is pleasure alien to me,
And everything that pleases lives,
Everything that rejoices and shines,
Causes boredom and languor
My soul has been dead for a long time,
And everything seems dark to her?Or, not happy about the return
Dead leaves in autumn,
We remember the bitter loss
Listening to the new noise of the forests;
Or with nature alive
We bring together the confused thought
We are the fading of our years,
Which cannot be reborn?
Perhaps it comes to our minds
In the midst of a poetic dream
Another, old spring
And it makes our hearts tremble
Dream of the far side
About a wonderful night, about the moon...
Hello dears.
Last time we finished with Part IV: perhaps it’s time to move on to the fifth.
Like every chapter, it has its own epigraph.
Oh, don't know these terrible dreams
You, my Svetlana!
Zhukovsky.
This is one of the final verses of Zhukovsky’s ballad “Svetlana” (1812), which in turn is a free adaptation of the plot of Burger’s ballad “Lenora” (1773). “Svetlana” was considered an example of romantic folklorism, which explains the direction of Chapter V and who, in the author’s opinion, will be the main character.
That year the weather was autumn
I stood in the yard for a long time,
Winter was waiting, nature was waiting.
Snow only fell in January
On the third night. Waking up early
Tatiana saw through the window
In the morning the yard turned white,
Curtains, roofs and fences,
There are light patterns on the glass,
Trees in winter silver,
Forty merry ones in the yard
And softly carpeted mountains
Winter is a brilliant carpet.
Everything is bright, everything is white all around.
About late snow - this was generally a very rare thing in those years. If we translate the actions of the novel into real time, that is, in the autumn of 1820 - winter of 1821, then just that winter the snow fell very early, then melted, and then fell again.
The following passage is one of the most quoted and recognizable. thousands of schoolchildren crammed it for many generations. Why is difficult for me to answer. But the fact remains a fact.
Winter!.. The peasant, triumphant,
On the firewood it renews the path;
His horse smells the snow,
Trotting along somehow;
Fluffy reins exploding,
The daring carriage flies;
The coachman sits on the beam
In a sheepskin coat and a red sash.
Here is a yard boy running,
Having planted a bug in the sled,
Transforming himself into a horse;
The naughty man has already frozen his finger:
He is both painful and funny,
And his mother threatens him through the window...
I just couldn’t understand the expression of trotting. Lynx is average speed horses, if you can call it that - faster than a step, but slower than a gallop. Although some horses at a trot could even outrun those galloping. So for me, trotting is a bit of an oxymoron.
IN in this case, a kibitka is a covered road carriage for a coachman. Well, accordingly, the irradiator is a thick wooden clamp that goes around top part such a cart. You probably know what a sheepskin coat is, but a sash is just a belt. Part of the coachman's uniform, so to speak. Well, in the end I will say that the bug is designated with a small letter because it is simply the designation of a mongrel at that time, and not the name of the animal.
But maybe this kind
Pictures will not attract you:
All this is low nature;
There's not much that's elegant here.
Warmed by inspiration from God,
Another poet with a luxurious style
The first snow painted for us
And all the shades of winter negativity
He will captivate you, I'm sure of it
Drawing in fiery verses
Secret sleigh rides;
But I don't intend to fight
Neither with him for now, nor with you,
Young Finnish singer!
P.A. Vyazemsky
Another poet is about Vyazemsky, and his poem “The First Snow”. And the “young Finnish singer” is an allusion to Baratynsky’s “Eda.” Why exactly Finnish women - you and I have already discussed in one of the previous posts.
Further - without comment, because there is another piece known to everyone and taught by many
Tatiana (Russian soul,
Without knowing why)
With her cold beauty
I loved the Russian winter,
The sun is frosty on a frosty day,
And the sleigh and the late dawn
The glow of pink snows,
And the darkness of Epiphany evenings.
In the old days they celebrated
These evenings in their house:
Maids from all over the court
They wondered about their young ladies
And they were promised every year
Military men and the campaign.
Tatyana believed the legends
Of common folk antiquity,
And dreams, and card fortune-telling,
And the predictions of the moon.
She was worried about signs;
All objects are mysterious to her
They proclaimed something
Premonitions pressed in my chest.
A cutesy cat sitting on the stove,
Purring, he washed the stigma with his paw:
That was an undoubted sign to her,
That the guests are coming. Suddenly seeing
The young two-horned face of the moon
In the sky on the left side,
She trembled and turned pale.
When is the shooting star
Flying across the dark sky
And fell apart - then
In confusion, Tanya was in a hurry,
While the star was still rolling,
The desire of the heart to whisper to her.
When did it happen somewhere
She should meet a black monk
Or a quick hare between the fields
Crossed her path
Not knowing what to start with fear,
Full of sorrowful forebodings,
She was expecting misfortune.
Well? The beauty found the secret
And in the most horror she:
This is how nature created us,
I am prone to contradiction.
Christmas time has arrived. What a joy!
Windy youth guesses,
Who doesn't regret anything
Before which life is far
It lies bright and vast;
Old age guesses through glasses
At his grave board,
Having lost everything irrevocably;
And all the same: hope for them
He lies with his baby talk.
To be continued...
Have a nice time of day.
People of the older generation cannot even imagine what bizarre pictures are piled up in the heads of children when reading this “rhyme”, no less popular than “A Christmas tree was born in the forest”... Young parents are already accustomed to turning a deaf ear to incomprehensible antiquities, and young grandmothers who say in modern Russian literary, they heard this “smell” from their grandmothers and think that everyone understands the word. The smartest children will look in the dictionary, but they won’t find it there. an obsolete form of the adverbial participle “smell” from the verb “smell”, almost equal in meaning to our usual “feel”. The horse smelled the snow, felt that it was easier to drag a sleigh through the snow than a cart through the autumn mud...
According to F. Hegel’s definition, “...poetic representation<…>puts before our gaze, instead of an abstract essence, its concrete reality,” that is, sensually perceived pictures, those sensory associations and sensations that arise in us during the reading process. When reading, we imagine the appearance, characters and actions of people, specific landscapes, interiors, sounds, winter cold, heat in the desert, the splashing of waves and the singing of birds, and even what we consider fantastic, non-existent, incredible... From all this, that special world is formed which is called the image of the world, artistic model real world. It is this model that leads us to understand the author’s thought, what Hegel calls essence.
The teacher needs to firmly grasp this truth and make it a familiar reality for students: a literary work necessarily contains an idea that is commensurate with the personality of the author, but one can come to an understanding of this idea only by getting used to all the details of the image of the world that this author created.
Often, clarification of the object-pictorial semantic layer leads to awareness deep meaning text. Therefore, the first stage of work on literary work should consist in the greatest possible detail of the object-pictorial side of the image of the world created by the author. To do this, the meanings of all words, material and connotative, must be explained in detail.
Studying in the second grade a stanza (chapter V, stanza 2) from the novel by A.S. Pushkin’s “Eugene Onegin” usually begins with an explanation outdated words so that children have a good idea of what firewood is, what they look like, what a peasant can look like and why he triumphs. But the lesson materials posted on the Internet show that the explanations are not complete enough, creating false ideas in children and, most importantly, not leading to an understanding of the true meaning of the text.
The results are unexpected. A peasant in a bright red sweater of modern thick knitting, a pink sheepskin coat of a driver - these are little things, but they, like noise, prevent you from seeing the true picture and understanding the meaning of the stanza, which the poet did not create for the sake of the number of lines for payment and not even for the sake of picturesqueness, entertaining the reader of a long novel.
Behind every word there is background knowledge and sensory associations, which were relevant for the poet’s contemporaries and ensured mutual understanding between the author and the reader, but are absent in the minds of today’s children for a number of reasons. But there are also a number of reasons why we cannot help but study, skip such “difficult” texts, just as in the development of an embryo the stage associated with ancient forms of life development cannot be skipped. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare materials for sensory support of the associative background - visual and, possibly, auditory. After all, if the children themselves draw inaccurately, incorrectly, then the teacher will have to correct them, destroying the impression that has already been formed. Images of woodworkers, a peasant from the 19th century. will allow you to achieve the necessary understanding without burdening the lesson with the analysis of irrelevant concepts and words.
About firewood
Drovni - not necessarily for firewood, but these are the simplest sleighs, low, sometimes made of a pair of logs with a deck, in which there is no seat for the rider; when there is no load supporting his back, he rides reclining. On the Internet it is difficult to find suitable pictures so that it can be seen that the peasant updates the path, those. lays a track in fresh snow . Should I order new pictures? contemporary artists, but only those attentive to Pushkin’s word?
On a firewood you can only go very close, for firewood in the nearest forest, to a stack of hay stored for the winter, to a river, and not along high road, but directly, in a field or forest, because the firewood practically drags through the snow and it is almost impossible to tip over... horse peasant because horse, that it’s not a heroic horse, but something so-so... And the peasant’s clothes are most likely homespun, the color of unbleached linen...
Having understood all these details, the children will receive a drawing (real or verbal), where the whole picture will be expressed in everyday colors, where the space will be limited by the village, the nearest forest, and the road will look like a track laid in fresh snow. This is also hinted at by the exclamation that begins the stanza: any resident of Russia can imagine himself in the author’s place and remember when he, the reader, could exclaim like that.
Cluster of voiceless consonants Kr e st Yanin, T O LOL e st wow... will help you “hear” the creaking of the runners in the snow. The alliteration in the following line, if appropriate to the teacher's work, will create a background for the contrasting emphasis on the word “path”:
N and others Aries yah about new lies path…
One fragment requires verbal updating in class: triumphant, / On the firewood updates the path. The peasant's triumph is obviously connected with the end of autumn work , although modern children often explain it with the joy of the first snow. In other words, only having completed the journey of one season, the peasant immediately begins new way : the poet confronts the ideas of the beginning and end of the path, emphasizing the seasonal, natural cyclical nature of the peasant’s life path, the closed trajectory of his movement.
Coachman - truck driver of past centuries
The third and fourth lines, after all the meanings are clarified, will provide the basis for a more vivid picture: fast movement is compared to flight, illustrated (in contrast to the peasant creaking) with a sonorous articulatory-sound image br A building s adult wailing(attention, explain to the children that explosions have nothing to do with it! The furrows just remain, and the snow flies in all directions from the hooves and runners!) ; a daring coachman (not just a coachman!) in a red sash towers above everything around him - and all this creates a completely different sound-color and emotional tone. Coachmen traveled along highways between cities and carried passengers and mail throughout the vast expanse of Russia, fulfilling the role of the current railway, aviation and truck drivers; In winter, driving off the road into a field or forest was mortally dangerous: if the driver got stuck in the snow with his horse, he could freeze and kill his passenger. Path the coachman in this text, at a moment that is snatched from his life by the gaze of the author and the reader - this path itself is not named in any way, is not fixed and not limited. We don’t know where the coachman is coming from or where he is going, but we only know that this is his profession - to drive, to be always on the road. Him too explodes the reins on new snow, but as if in infinity, and a verb-metaphor flies only enhances this impression.
Game of life's journey
The teacher, not understanding the peculiarities of the vocabulary of children of the 21st century, does not consider it necessary to explain the words sled And bug, but in vain. Children can guess from a modern picture, but only approximately. old, pre-revolutionary pictures depict wooden sled-sleigh, and the dog must be black, because bug- this is not a nickname, but a common noun, metaphorical in origin, the name of a dog, black as a beetle .
Having understood the third picture, children will see that the same triad - man, animal and sleigh - is presented in it in a humorous way, like a children's game. The boy doesn't have his own yet ways, neither cyclical, like that of a peasant, nor infinite, like that of a coachman, he runs without a goal and a specific direction, but he is already playing path .
By comparing all three pictures, children will receive an image of the world contained in a short stanza, as in a fragment of a mirror. It has three moods, three scales, three spaces united by white snow, total time, the end-to-end idea of movement and the symbolic number three.
And here we are forced to turn to another side artistic imagery– symbolism of art.
Perpetual motion
The concept of symbol is used in everyday life, in science, and in art; as a result, the symbol is one of the most syncretic and contradictory concepts.
Symbol (from the Greek sýmbolon) - among the ancient Greeks, a conventional material identification mark for members of a certain group of people, a secret society. In art, this is a universal aesthetic category, revealed through comparison with related categories. artistic image and a sign. The reader must constantly keep in mind that art is symbolic in principle, and verbal art, thanks to the power of the signifying and representing words, is symbolic to the highest degree.
The rising sun is conventional symbol Japan, (since the counting of meridians is conventional and the sunrise occurs in all countries), but a universal symbol of the beginning; in the same way, the sunset is a universal symbol of the end, the mountain - heights, the wind - freedom.
As a rule, the problem for the reader is precisely the universal symbols that lie behind the most ordinary things and do not attract attention: a house, window, PATH, sleigh, dog, river, blizzard...
The author of one of the dictionaries of symbols, J. Tressider, brings symbolism closer to everyday consciousness: “Symbols are often just images that imitate the shape of the creature or object with which they are associated. Their meanings are sometimes unexpected, but more often they are obvious, since they are based on a certain quality that is inherent in these objects or creatures: a lion - courage, a rock - perseverance."
In our textbook, almost like folk song, the stanza reveals at least three ambiguous and frequently used symbols: path, window and number three. The main meaning of the symbol path contained in the expression " life path»; on the way we meet Onegin for the first time, then they describe Tatiana’s long journey to Moscow, and also a secret chapter about Onegin’s journey...
ABOUT kno divides and simultaneously connects two spaces - internal, closed (from where mother threatens the yard boy) and external, open, where this boy has already gone...
Finally, the number three contained in the trident of Poseidon, and in the trefoil, and in the Trinity, found in almost every fairy tale; it symbolizes completeness and integrity, past, present and future; it is both the formula of the universe and its spiritual beginning.
Three characters, three spaces, three moods, three paths, none of them intersect with the other, and only the AUTHOR sees all three...
In Slavic cultural tradition significant and sled as a symbol of death, a funeral rite, but, unlike the first three symbols, it should be left for reflection in a more mature age.
If the teacher manages to convey to the current second-grader, of course, in a form accessible to him, the meaning of the stanza that all of Russia mechanically memorizes in childhood, then the young reader of the novel will perhaps notice what place in it, from the very first lines, is occupied by movement in space and in time, and each character has his own path …
Each person has their own WAY, and isn’t that what the whole novel is about?
Tressider J. Dictionary of symbols. M., 1999. See also: HallJ. Dictionary of plots and symbols in art / Transl. from English M., 1996; Toporov V.N. Myth. Ritual. Symbol. Image: Studies in the field of mythopoetic: Selected. M., 1995. S. 259–367; Adamchik B.B. Dictionary of symbols and signs. Minsk, 2006; Benoise L. Signs, symbols and myths. M., 2005; Guenon R. The kingdom of quantity and the signs of the times. M., 1994; Jean J. Signs and symbols: Encyclopedia. M., 2005; Klimovich K. At the mercy of symbols. M., 2006; Popova N.N. Antique and christian symbols. M., 2003; Rybakov B.A. Paganism of the ancient Slavs. M., 1997; Foley D. Encyclopedia of signs and symbols. M., 1997; Mythology: Encyclopedia / Comp. T. Zaritskaya. Minsk, 2002; Illustrated Encyclopedia of Symbols / Comp. A. Egazarov. M., 2007; Encyclopedia of symbols, signs, emblems / Comp. V.L. Telitsyn et al. M., 2005.