The history of the origin of the balalaika goes back centuries. There is a large number of documents and information about the origin of the instrument. Presentation for children "balalaika" presentation on music on the topic Why the strings do not stay in tune

Slide 22

Andreev first played in the orchestra himself, then conducted it. At the same time, he gave solo concerts, the so-called balalaika evenings. All this contributed to an extraordinary surge in the popularity of the balalaika in Russia and even beyond its borders. Moreover, Vasily Vasilyevich educated a huge number of students who also tried to support the popularization of the balalaika (Troyanovsky and others)

Slide 23

Today there are very few musicians who play the balalaika, much less those who play professionally. But this circumstance should not confuse those who have decided to seriously take up learning to play the balalaika. Look, in a year or two you will already be rocking the stage regional philharmonic society, and in five years, travel abroad with concerts in your own limousine, and maybe just play for the soul. I'll pick up the balalaika

Slide 24

The balalaika will delight your ears and those people who will listen to this magnificent music performed by you.

Slide 25

We must convince you that playing the balalaika is really cool! So don't waste time and get ready to hear the Sounds of a real balalaika right now. This is cool

View all slides

Contents: 1. Introduction 1. Introduction 2. History of the balalaika. 2. The history of the balalaika. 3. Mention of the balalaika in printed sources. 3. Mention of the balalaika in printed sources. The role of V.A. Andreeva in the development and improvement of the balalaika. The role of V.A. Andreeva in the development and improvement of the balalaika. 4. Conclusion. 4. Conclusion. 5. List of references. 5. List of references.

Introduction The history of the development and existence of Russian folk musical instruments is one of the least researched areas of musical science. The persecution of folk musical instruments by the church and secular authorities in the middle of the 17th century took the form of mass destruction of these samples folk art. The history of the development and existence of Russian folk musical instruments is one of the least researched areas of musical science. The persecution of folk musical instruments by the church and secular authorities in the middle of the 17th century took the form of mass destruction of these examples of folk art.

Balalaika is one of the most striking phenomena in Russian folk music. musical culture. The wide distribution of the new instrument reflected, on the one hand, the interest of different segments of the population in playing music, and on the other, contributed to the preservation and development traditional culture in urban conditions. The balalaika has long been recognized as a Russian folk instrument in Russia and abroad. The balalaika is one of the most striking phenomena in Russian folk musical culture. The wide dissemination of the new instrument reflected, on the one hand, the interest of different segments of the population in playing music, and on the other, contributed to the preservation and development of traditional culture in the city. The balalaika has long been recognized as a Russian folk instrument in Russia and abroad.

Our theme research work“Balalaika is a folk instrument.” The topic of our research work is “Balalaika - a folk instrument.” We chose this topic because it is interesting to know when this instrument appeared in Rus', and how it developed over the course of historical time. We chose this topic because it is interesting to know when this instrument appeared in Rus', and how it developed over the course of historical time.

No one knows exactly when the balalaika appeared in Rus'. The first mention of it was found in an ancient document entitled “Memory from the Streletsky Prikaz to the Little Russian Prikaz,” dating back to 1688. It talks about the arrest of two peasants for “playing balalaikas and scolding the archers standing on guard.” No one knows exactly when the balalaika appeared in Rus'. The first mention of it was found in an ancient document entitled “Memory from the Streletsky Prikaz to the Little Russian Prikaz,” dating back to 1688. It talks about the arrest of two peasants for “playing balalaikas and scolding the archers standing on guard.”

Probably, the balalaika was invented by serfs to brighten up their existence under the rule of a cruel landowner. Gradually, the balalaika spread among peasants and buffoons traveling throughout our vast country. Probably, the balalaika was invented by serfs to brighten up their existence under the rule of a cruel landowner. Gradually, the balalaika spread among peasants and buffoons traveling throughout our vast country.

Buffoons performed at fairs, entertained people, earned their living and did not even suspect what a miracle instrument they were playing. The fun could not last long, and finally, the Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus' Alexei Mikhailovich issued a decree in which he ordered all instruments (domras, balalaikas, horns, harp, etc.) to be collected and burned, and those people who would not obey , and give away balalaikas, flog them and send them into exile in Little Russia. A number of church regulations have been preserved directed against folk musicians, in which they, in their “harmfulness,” were equated with robbers and wise men. Buffoons performed at fairs, entertained people, earned their living and did not even suspect what a miracle instrument they were playing. The fun could not last long, and finally, the Tsar and Grand Duke of All Rus' Alexei Mikhailovich issued a decree in which he ordered all instruments (domras, balalaikas, horns, harp, etc.) to be collected and burned, and those people who would not obey , and give away balalaikas, flog them and send them into exile in Little Russia. A number of church regulations have been preserved directed against folk musicians, in which they, in their “harmfulness,” were equated with robbers and wise men.

The persecution of folk musical instruments by the church and secular authorities in the middle of the 17th century took the form of mass destruction of these examples of folk art. So, for example, according to the testimony of Adam Olearius, “around 1649, all the “judicial vessels” were taken from houses in Moscow, loaded on five carts, taken across the Moscow River and burned there.” The persecution of folk musical instruments by the church and secular authorities in the middle of the 17th century took the form of mass destruction of these examples of folk art. So, for example, according to the testimony of Adam Olearius, “around 1649, all the “judicial vessels” were taken from houses in Moscow, loaded on five carts, taken across the Moscow River and burned there.”

Christian culture, which came to Rus' from Byzantium, did not accept instrumental music, but used almost exclusively vocal singing(the only musical instrument used in Christian church rites was the bell). The Christian culture that came to Rus' from Byzantium did not accept instrumental music, but used almost exclusively vocal singing (the only musical instrument used in Christian church rites was the bell).

By the end of the 18th century, the balalaika firmly gained wide public recognition and became one of the most popular instruments of the Russian people. Today, the history of the balalaika goes back almost three centuries. By the end of the 18th century, the balalaika firmly gained wide public recognition and became one of the most popular instruments of the Russian people. Today, the history of the balalaika goes back almost three centuries.

Mention of the balalaika in printed sources The first official sources that mention the musical instrument balalaika were in June 1688, during the reign of the great Tsar Peter, where from the order of Streltsov in the Little Russian order, it became known that in Moscow two people were detained and taken As per the order, I had a balalaika with me. One of them, a townsman named Savka Fedorov, and the other peasant Dmitry Ivashko, driving on a horse-drawn cart, past the guard archers standing at the post at the city gates, played balalaika, or as it was then called “balalaika”, and sang scolding songs addressed to the latter. The first official sources mentioning the musical instrument balalaika were in June 1688, during the reign of the great Tsar Peter, where from the order of Streltsov to the Little Russian Order, it became known that in Moscow two people who were detained and taken to the order had with them balalaika. One of them, a townsman named Savka Fedorov, and the other peasant Dmitry Ivashko, driving on a horse-drawn cart, past the guard archers standing at the post at the city gates, played balalaika, or as it was then called “balalaika”, and sang scolding songs addressed to the latter.

Next historical source, which mentions the musical instrument balalaika, there is a “Register” signed by Peter the Great himself in 1715. To celebrate the clownish “Prince-Pope” wedding in St. Petersburg, where, in addition to other musical instruments, four balalaikas are mentioned, which the mummers had to carry, a cheerful royal celebration in which the great Tsar himself took part. The next historical source that mentions the musical instrument balalaika is the “Register”, signed by Peter the Great himself in 1715. To celebrate the clownish “Prince-Pope” wedding in St. Petersburg, where, in addition to other musical instruments, four balalaikas are mentioned, which the mummers had to carry, a cheerful royal celebration in which the great Tsar himself took part.

It was during the reign of Peter I that the first official documented reports appeared that in Rus' the common people have a very respected musical instrument, the balalaika. Researchers and linguists found it interesting that the very name of the instrument is typical, folk. With a consonant phrase that conveys the very nature of playing this instrument. It was during the reign of Peter I that the first official documented reports appeared that in Rus' the common people have a very respected musical instrument, the balalaika. Researchers and linguists found it interesting that the very name of the instrument is typical, folk. With a consonant phrase that conveys the very nature of playing this instrument

The musical instrument balalaika has a related root with Russian words like balabolit, balakat, joker, which in their meaning do not define the seriousness of the transfer of information or conversation, have their own synonyms, similar in relationship and meaning, with the words chat about nothing, scribble, empty call or "Bala - Laika". Where in the name balalaika the root “bala” simply means to tease, irritate with chatter, words, “laika” means to scold, to swear, like a dog barking. All these concepts define the essence of the musical instrument balalaika, as an instrument that is light, not serious, but very funny and interesting in the perception of its consonance with the folk chant of ditties or other folk songs. song folklore. The first balalaikas, unlike those we are used to seeing now, were different in their appearance and had only two strings. The musical instrument balalaika has a related root with Russian words like balabolit, balakat, balagurit, which in their meaning do not define the seriousness of the transfer of information or conversation, have their own synonyms, similar in relationship and meaning, with the words chatting about nothing, scribbling, empty calling or “bala-laika”. Where in the name balalaika the root “bala” simply means to tease, irritate with chatter, words, “laika” means to scold, to swear, like a dog barking. All these concepts define the essence of the musical instrument balalaika, as an instrument that is light, not serious, but very funny and interesting in the perception of its consonance with the folk singing of ditties or other folk songs. The first balalaikas, unlike those we are used to seeing now, were different in appearance and had only two strings. Musical instrument Musical instrument

The role of Vasily Andreev in the development and improvement of the balalaika. Modern design, a musical instrument, the balalaika acquired later, in late XIX century, thanks to the outstanding musician and educator V. Andreev, masters in the manufacture of musical instruments, F. Paserbsky, S. Nalimov, V. Ivanov. The modern design, musical instrument, the balalaika, acquired later, at the end of the 19th century, thanks to the outstanding musician and educator V. Andreev, masters in the manufacture of musical instruments, F. Paserbsky, S. Nalimov, V. Ivanov.

Semyon Ivanovich Nalimov Semyon Ivanovich Nalimov Which, at the suggestion of V. Andreev, changed appearance balalaikas shortened its length, and most importantly, they began to make the body from several types of wood, such as spruce and beech, which made it possible to change the sound produced by the balalaika itself. Which, at the suggestion of V. Andreev, changed the appearance of the balalaika, shortened its length, and most importantly, they began to make the body from several types of wood, such as spruce, beech, which made it possible to change the sound produced by the balalaika itself.

According to the drawings of V. Andreev, master F. Paserbsky made a family of concert balalaikas: double bass, bass tenor, alto, primo, piccolo. The master patented his invention and received a patent in Germany to confirm the invention of the balalaika. The master patented his invention and received a patent in Germany to confirm the invention of the balalaika.

Andreev first played in the orchestra himself, then conducted it. At the same time, he gave solo concerts, the so-called balalaika evenings. All this contributed to an extraordinary surge in the popularity of the balalaika in Russia and even beyond its borders. Moreover, Vasily Vasilyevich trained a huge number of students who also tried to support the popularization of the balalaika. Andreev first played in the orchestra himself, then conducted it. At the same time, he gave solo concerts, the so-called balalaika evenings. All this contributed to an extraordinary surge in the popularity of the balalaika in Russia and even beyond its borders. Moreover, Vasily Vasilyevich trained a huge number of students who also tried to support the popularization of the balalaika. During this period, composers finally paid attention to the balalaika. For the first time the balalaika was performed with an orchestra. During this period, composers finally paid attention to the balalaika. For the first time the balalaika was performed with an orchestra. Conclusion. Conclusion. Today the instrument is not experiencing better times. There are few professional performers. At all, folk music is interesting to a very narrow circle of people who attend concerts or play any folk instruments. Now the most famous balalaika players are Boldyrev V.B., Zazhigin Valery Evgenievich, Gorbachev Andrey Aleksandrovich, Kuznetsov V.A., Senchurov M.I., Bykov Evgeniy, Zakharov D.A., Bezotosny Igor, Konov Vladimir Nikolaevich, Mikhail Fedotovich Rozhkov. All these people are trying to maintain the popularity of our great instrument and are engaged in teaching and concert activities. Today the instrument is going through hard times. There are few professional performers. In general, folk music is interesting to a very narrow circle of people who attend concerts or play some folk instruments. Now the most famous balalaika players are Boldyrev V.B., Zazhigin Valery Evgenievich, Gorbachev Andrey Aleksandrovich, Kuznetsov V.A., Senchurov M.I., Bykov Evgeniy, Zakharov D.A., Bezotosny Igor, Konov Vladimir Nikolaevich, Mikhail Fedotovich Rozhkov. All these people are trying to maintain the popularity of our great instrument and are engaged in teaching and concert activities. In the history of the balalaika there have been ups and downs, but it continues to live and it is not for nothing that all foreigners consider it the personification of Russian culture. Thus, having considered different sources about the history of the origin of the balalaika, we can conclude that the balalaika is indeed a native Russian instrument. To know the present well, it is important to study the past-history. In the history of the balalaika there have been ups and downs, but it continues to live and it is not for nothing that all foreigners consider it the personification of Russian culture. Thus, having considered various sources about the history of the origin of the balalaika, we can conclude that the balalaika is indeed a native Russian instrument. To know the present well, it is important to study the past-history.

Slide 1

Slide description:

Slide 2

Slide description:

Slide 3

Slide description:

Slide 4

Slide description:

Slide 5

Slide description:

Tuning Before the transformation of the balalaika into a concert instrument at the end of the 19th century by Vasily Andreev, it did not have a constant, widespread tuning. Each performer tuned the instrument in accordance with his manner of performance, the general mood of the pieces being played, and local traditions. The system introduced by Andreev (two strings in unison - the note "E", one - a quart higher - the note "A") became widespread among concert balalaika players and began to be called "academic". There is also a “folk” system - the first string is “A”, the second is “E”, the third is “C”. With this system, triads are easier to take; its disadvantage is that it is difficult to play open strings

Slide 6

Slide description:

Slide 7

Slide description:

The fact that the balalaika in the form in which it is now familiar to everyone is a Russian folk instrument is not entirely true. And the version that in the 17th century the balalaika was brought to Russia from the east is completely implausible: Asian peoples never had similar instruments. The story, however, is complicated. In chronicles until the 17th century there is no word “balalaika”, there is “domra”. Buffoons played on domras. In 1648 and 1657, by decrees banning buffoonery, their “demonic, evil vessels” were ordered to be collected and burned throughout Moscow. And when rewriting the chronicles, even the word “domra” was erased and replaced by the “balalaika” that came from God knows where. The fact that the balalaika in the form in which it is now familiar to everyone is a Russian folk instrument is not entirely true. And the version that in the 17th century the balalaika was brought to Russia from the east is completely implausible: Asian peoples never had similar instruments. The story, however, is complicated. In chronicles until the 17th century there is no word “balalaika”, there is “domra”. Buffoons played on domras. In 1648 and 1657, by decrees banning buffoonery, their “demonic, evil vessels” were ordered to be collected and burned throughout Moscow. And when rewriting the chronicles, even the word “domra” was erased and replaced by the “balalaika” that came from God knows where.

Slide 8

Slide description:

Slide 9

Slide description:

Slide 10

Slide description:

Why is it called that? The name “balalaika”, sometimes found in the form “balabaika”, is a folk name, probably given to the instrument in imitation of the strumming, “balakan” of the strings during playing. “To babble”, “to joke” in the popular dialect means to chat, to make idle calls. Some attribute the word "balalaika" Tatar origin. The Tatars have a word "bala" meaning "child". It may have served as the source of the origin of the words “to babble”, “to babble”, etc. containing the concept of unreasonable, childish chatter.

Slide 11

Slide description:

Slide 12

Slide description:

Slide 13

BALALAIKA

Balalaika is a Russian three-string plucked musical instrument, from 600-700 mm (prima balalaika) to 1.7 meters (double bass balalaika) in length, with a triangular slightly curved (in XVIII-XIX centuries also oval) wooden body. The balalaika is one of the instruments that, along with the accordion, has become a symbol of the Russian people.

P. E. Zabolotsky. Boy with a balalaika (1835).

The shape of the balalaika's body was initially round.

One of the first mentions of the balalaika dates back to October 1700 in connection with a fight that took place in Verkhoturye district. According to the testimony of the coachmen Pronka and Alexei Bayanov, the yard man of the steward of the governor K.P. Kozlova I. Pashkov chased them and “beat them with a balalaika.”

• a small peddler who sold haberdashery, fabrics, books, etc.
• street vendor engaged in petty trade
• box maker

(1861 - 1918) - Russian musician, composer, balalaika virtuoso.

Organizer and director of the first orchestra of Russian folk instruments (1888, since 1896 - Great Russian Orchestra).

One day, while traveling around his estate, the young nobleman Vasily Vasilyevich Andreev heard a balalaika from his servant Antipas. Andreev was struck by the peculiarity of the sound of this instrument, but he considered himself an expert in Russian folk instruments. And Vasily Vasilyevich decided to make the most popular instrument out of the balalaika. To begin with, I slowly learned to play myself, then I noticed that the instrument was fraught with enormous potential, and decided to improve the balalaika. Andreev went to St. Petersburg to see violin maker Ivanov for advice and asked him to think about how to improve the sound of the instrument. Ivanov objected and said that he would not do a balalaika, categorically. Andreev thought for a moment, then took out an old balalaika, which he bought at a fair for thirty kopecks, and masterfully performed one of the folk songs, of which there are a huge number in Russia. Ivanov could not resist such an onslaught and agreed. The work was long and hard, but still a new balalaika was made. But Vasily Andreev was planning something more than creating an improved balalaika. Having taken it from the people, he wanted to return it to the people and spread it. Now all soldiers serving in the service were given a balalaika, and when leaving the army, the military took the instrument with them.

Description of the presentation by individual slides:

1 slide

Slide description:

Music project "Russian folk instrument balalaika" Completed by: Anastasia Glazovskaya, 3rd grade student of MBOU "Secondary School No. 1" Khanymey village Supervisor: music teacher German Galina Aleksandrovna

2 slide

Slide description:

Project goal: to expand knowledge about the musical instrument balalaika Tasks: searching for information and processing it; studying methodological literature about the history of the emergence and use of the balalaika in the life of the Russian people; receiving individual consultations from the project manager; searching for information about balalaika musicians; fulfillment of tasks given by the project manager; compiling a crossword puzzle “Russian folk instruments”; creating a presentation “Russian folk instrument balalaika; project protection

3 slide

Slide description:

The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the fact that modern children are less and less interested in the customs and traditions of the Russian people, that people forget about their cultural heritage, about his music and musical instruments, without which it was once impossible to imagine the life of Russian people. I consider it necessary to introduce the children of my class and school to the history of the appearance of the balalaika through my research. The hypothesis has its own characteristics. I made the assumption that if I learn and talk about the balalaika and the history of its development, then the students in my class will learn more about the Russian musical instrument and their horizons in the field will expand. musical art, interest in the subject “music” at school will increase, and maybe they will even have a desire to learn how to play the balalaika. Problems. I found a lot interesting information on the topic of the project. But I still don’t know how to process and highlight the main thing. I lacked the necessary knowledge and computer skills to work on the presentation, and therefore had to turn to the project manager and my parents for help. My interest in Russian folk instruments arose when, during the holiday concerts at our school, I noticed that almost all the children are interested in modern music and choreography. And few people are interested in folk music.

4 slide

Slide description:

Historical information There is no exact information about when and by whom the balalaika was invented. There are different versions about the appearance of the balalaika. The balalaika, like the whistle, bagpipes, gusli, etc., is revered as one of the oldest musical instruments, as evidenced by the Arab historian Ibn-Fatslan, who visited Volga Bulgaria as an ambassador in 921 and saw how the visiting “Russians” buried their prince. According to pagan custom, in the grave of the deceased, among other things, they put: “a strong drink, fruits and a musical instrument” - “eine Laute”, in Fran’s translation, according to A. Kotlyarevsky - “balalaika”, so that, according to pagan beliefs in the afterlife, Even in the next world he could enjoy playing the instrument he loved during his life. There is also such information about the origin of the balalaika that in the 17th century, during the performances of buffoons, they had unusual instrument. They were made from a dried pumpkin, to which a stick was tied, and instead of two strings, horsehair was stretched. The stick, which acted as a vulture, had sills made from animal veins. Later, the balalaika was “a long two-stringed instrument, had a body about one and a half spans long (about 27 cm) and one span wide (about 18 cm) and a neck (neck) at least four times longer” (M. Guthrie, "Dissertation on Russian antiquities").

5 slide

Slide description:

Painting by P. E. Zabolotsky “Boy with a Balalaika” (1835). The shape of the balalaika's body was originally round

6 slide

Slide description:

7 slide

Slide description:

By the end of the 18th century, the balalaika firmly gained wide public recognition and became one of the most popular instruments of the Russian people. Apparently, the compilers musical dictionary The “Pocket Book for 1795” had sufficient grounds to assert that “this instrument is in great use in Russia ... between common people" The popularity of the balalaika in the second half of the 18th century is also indicated by the fact that among its lovers there were many representatives of the “upper class”. All this contributed to the emergence of true masters of balalaika performance from among Russian musicians. First of all, Ivan Evstafievich Khandoshkin (1747-1804) should be included among such masters. In him the balalaika found a perfect performer, an unsurpassed virtuoso. The balalaika was given a new life by the Russian musician, organizer and director of the first folk instrument orchestra in the history of Russia (1888), composer, virtuoso balalaika player Vasily Vasilyevich Andreev.

8 slide

Slide description:

The famous balalaika musician V.V. Andreev V.V. Andreev decided to give the common people an instrument new life: bring her to concert halls. He decided to first improve the balalaika. According to his instructions, the craftsmen made changes in its design, and in addition they created not just one instrument, but a whole family: large and small balalaikas, which, depending on their size, were called piccolo, prima, second, viola, bass and double bass. Andreev played a balalaika of this design and performed with solo concerts. In 1887, he organized the “Circle of Balalaika Lovers” in St. Petersburg, and 9 years later this circle was transformed into the Great Russian Orchestra.

Slide 9

Slide description:

Where does this name come from - balalaika? The root of the words “balalaika”, or, as it was also called, “balabaika”, has long attracted the attention of researchers due to its kinship with such Russian words as balakat, balabonit, balabolit, balagurit, which means to talk about something insignificant, chatter, razzle-dazzle, idle talk , scribble... All these concepts, complementing each other, convey the essence of the balalaika - an instrument that is light, funny, “strumming”, and not very serious.

10 slide

Slide description:

Balalaika is a Russian folk stringed musical instrument. Balalaika has a triangular body and three strings. A characteristic method of producing sound on a balalaika is rattling - hitting all the strings with a finger at the same time. The balalaika is one of the instruments that, along with the accordion, has become a symbol of the Russian people. The most famous Russian instrument. Not only do they sound great on it folk songs, but also works of Russian and Western classics. Many composers create their works for it. More than a hundred suites, sonatas, concerts and other works have been created for the balalaika. Playing the balalaika is taught in music schools, schools and conservatories.

11 slide

Slide description:

Fill out the crossword by guessing riddles about folk musical instruments (horizontally from top to bottom) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

12 slide