1) - Remember the plot of the work.
The family of Viktor Georgievich Dmitriev, an employee of one of the research institutes, lives in a communal apartment. Daughter Natasha - a teenager - behind the curtain. Dmitriev’s dream of moving in with his mother did not find support from Lena, his wife. Everything changed when my mother was operated on for cancer. Lena herself started talking about the exchange. The actions and feelings of the heroes, manifested in solving this everyday issue, which ended in a successful exchange, and soon the death of Ksenia Fedorovna, constitute the content of the short story.
So, exchange is the plot core of the story, but can we say that this is also a metaphor that the author uses?
2) Main character the story is a representative of the third generation of Dmitrievs.
Grandfather Fyodor Nikolaevich is intelligent, principled, and humane.
What can you say about the hero’s mother?
Find the characteristic in the text:
“Ksenia Fedorovna is loved by her friends, respected by her colleagues, appreciated by her neighbors in the apartment and at Pavlinov’s dacha, because she is friendly, compliant, ready to help and take part...”
But Viktor Georgievich Dmitriev falls under the influence of his wife and “becomes foolish.” The essence of the title of the story, its pathos, author's position, as it follows from the artistic logic of the story, is revealed in the dialogue between Ksenia Fedorovna and her son about the exchange: “I really wanted to live with you and Natasha...” Ksenia Fedorovna paused. - But now not” - “Why?” - “You have already exchanged, Vitya. The exchange took place."
What is the meaning of these words?
3) What makes up the image of the main character?
(Characteristics of the image based on the text.)
How does the emerging conflict with your wife over the exchange end?
(“... He lay down in his place against the wall and turned his face to the wallpaper.”)
What does this pose of Dmitriev express?
(This is the desire to escape the conflict, humility, non-resistance, although in words he did not agree with Lena.)
And here’s another subtle psychological sketch: Dmitriev, falling asleep, feels his wife’s hand on his shoulder, which first “lightly strokes his shoulder” and then presses “with considerable heaviness.”
The hero understands that his wife’s hand is inviting him to turn around. He resists (as the author depicts in detail internal struggle). But... “Dmitriev, without saying a word, turned on his left side.”
What other details indicate the hero’s submission to his wife when we understand that he is a driven man?
(In the morning, my wife reminded me of the need to talk to my mother.
“Dmitriev wanted to say something, but he, “taking two steps after Lena, stood in the corridor and returned to the room.”)
This detail - “two steps forward” - “two steps back” - is clear evidence of the impossibility for Dmitriev to go beyond the boundaries imposed on him by external circumstances.
What rating does the hero receive?
(We learn his assessment from his mother and grandfather: “You are not a bad person. But you are not amazing either.”)
4) Dmitriev’s right to be called an individual was denied by his relatives. Lena was refused by the author: “... she bit into her desires like a bulldog. Such a pretty bulldog woman... She didn’t let go until her desires - right in her teeth - turned into flesh...”
Oxymoron pretty bulldog woman further emphasizes the author’s negative attitude towards the heroine.
Yes, Trifonov has clearly defined his position. This is contradicted by N. Ivanova’s statement: “Trifonov did not set himself the task of either condemning or rewarding” his heroes; the task was different - to understand.” This is partly true...
It seems that another remark of the same literary critic“Behind the external simplicity of presentation, calm intonation, designed for an equal and understanding reader, there is Trifonov’s poetics. And - an attempt at social aesthetic education.”
What is your attitude towards the Dmitriev family?
Would you like life to be like this in your families?
(Trifonov managed to draw typical picture family relations of our time: feminization of the family, the transfer of initiative into the hands of predators, the triumph of consumerism, lack of unity in raising children, the loss of traditional family values. The desire for peace as the only joy forces men to put up with their inferiority in the family. They lose their solid masculinity. The family is left without a head.)
III. Lesson summary.
What questions did the author of the story “Exchange” make you think about?
Do you agree with what B. Pankin, speaking about this story, calls a genre that combines a physiological outline of modern urban life and a parable?
Homework.
“The exchange was published in 1969. At this time, the author was criticized for reproducing “terrible types of trifles”, for the fact that in his work “there is no enlightening truth”, for the fact that in Trifonov’s stories spiritual dead people roam, pretending to be alive. There are no ideals, man is crushed and humiliated, crushed by life and his own insignificance.”
Express your attitude to these assessments by answering the questions:
What in the story comes to the fore when we perceive it now?
Does Trifonov really have no ideals?
In your opinion, will this story remain in literature and how will it be perceived in another 40 years?
Lesson 31
Drama of the 50-90s.
Plays by Vampilov
Goals: give an overview of Vampilov’s life and work; reveal the originality of the play " Duck hunting"; Develop the ability to analyze dramatic work
Lesson progress
I. Introductory conversation.
When they say this: “a dream in your hand”, “ prophetic dream»?
Are dreams really “prophetic”?
“Dear Tasya! - Vampilov’s father addresses his wife in anticipation of his birth... I’m sure everything is fine. And, probably, there will be a robber, and I’m afraid that he might not be a writer, since I see writers in my dreams.
The first time you and I were getting ready, on the night of departure, I was looking for fractions in a dream with Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy himself, and we found..."
August 19, 1937: “Well done, Tasya, she finally gave birth to a son. No matter how it justifies the second... I, you know, have prophetic dreams.”
The dreams, indeed, turned out to be prophetic. The son, the fourth child in the family, grew up into the writer-playwright Alexander Valentinovich Vampilov.
Yuri Trifonov is the son of a professional revolutionary. In 1937, my father was arrested. And my son graduated from university.
His first novel, “Students,” received the Stalin Prize. It was a traditional novel for its time about a cheerful, intense and interesting life. Then Trifonov breaks his path, leaves for the construction of the Kairakkum Canal and becomes the heroes of his novels extraordinary people and at the same time completely ordinary: working, receiving wages quarreling with each other.
The story “Exchange” is the most striking of
"Moscow cycle". Its content is quite simple. Victor Dmitriev, his wife Lena, and their daughter live separately from his mother. The mother-in-law considers Lenochka to be a bourgeois. Eternal conflict: mother is unhappy with her son’s choice. But the conflict of the work is different. The mother is seriously ill, and Lenochka demands that her husband beg his mother to move in together. We need to change so that the apartment does not disappear. But how to tell this to your mother? Victor comes to the conclusion that life is “disgusting.” His mental anguish is so strong that his heart cannot stand it, he himself ends up in the hospital. After his illness, “he somehow immediately gave up and turned grey. Not an old man yet, but already an elderly man with limp cheeks.”
Dmitriev's grandfather said that life has become worse because people have lost great ideals. People who live in momentary problems, betraying themselves and loved ones, lose much more than they gain in material values. It’s as if they are exchanging the treasures of their souls for coppers. And this process of mental decay is irreversible. The exchange took place. The Dmitrievs increased their living space. But another “exchange” occurs in their lives. They will never be able to forget the evil that they caused to Ksenia Fedorovna throughout all the years of their family life. AND last days she was not calm, she, of course, guessed the reasons for such a hasty exchange of apartments.
Is this why it’s so hard for Victor and he has grown old before his time? Trifonov perfectly conveys the mental anguish of the characters. They are right, a thousand times right, but why is it so unbearable to look into each other’s eyes? Victor and Lenochka are not to blame for the death of Ksenia Fedorovna. There are more subtle matters and plans here.
- Trifonov’s favorite idea, formulated in the story “Another Life” as the thought of the historian Sergei Troitsky: “Man is a thread stretching through time, the thinnest nerve of history, which can be split off and isolated and - according to...
- The psychology of fear – the underlying reason for the heroes’ actions – was studied in detail by Trifonov in “The House on the Embankment”. The atmosphere of total fear is the face of the time the author writes about. The acute envy of Glebov, an inhabitant of...
- At the center of Yuri Trifonov’s story “Exchange” are the attempts of the protagonist, an ordinary Moscow intellectual Viktor Georgievich Dmitriev, to exchange an apartment and improve his living conditions. To do this, he needs to move in with a seriously ill patient...
- In the mid-60s, in “Reflection of the Fire,” Trifonov argued that the revolutionary past of Russia is a clot of the highest moral values, and if it is brought to modern times, the life of descendants will become brighter. And in...
- “Impatience” by Yuri Trifonov is a novel of high tragic intensity. “What is history? In ancient Greek, this word means investigation. I wanted to write an investigation about Zhelyabov, I wanted to find those roots, that...
- Yuri Trifonov’s story “The House on the Embankment” is included in the collection “Moscow Stories”, on which the author worked in the 1970s. At this time, it was fashionable in Russia to write about large-scale, global...
- The fate of Yu. Trifonov's prose can be called happy. It is translated and published by East and West, Latin America and Africa. Thanks to the deep social specificity of the person he depicts and the key moments of Russian history...
- Features of the narrative structure of the story “The Long Farewell” (interruption of the author’s narration by the internal monologues of the characters, the complex organization of the chronotope) anticipate the further development of Trifonov’s prose. The main events of the story take place in the past, “eighteen years ago”,...
- In the Russian language there is, perhaps, no more mysterious multidimensional and unknown word than life! Life is everyday life, some kind of everyday life at home, family life. Relationships between husband and wife, parents and children, relatives...
- The opposite pole to rural prose is urban prose. Just as not everyone who wrote about the countryside is a villager, so not everyone who wrote about the city was a representative of urban prose. TO...
- But Trifonov wrote his novel in the early 70s of the twentieth century. These were the years of a surge in revolutionary extremism: the fascination with “Mao’s ideas” around the world, student unrest in France, Che Guevara’s attempt...
1) – Remember the plot of the work.
The family of Viktor Georgievich Dmitriev, an employee of one of the research institutes, lives in a communal apartment. Daughter Natasha, a teenager, is behind the curtain. Dmitriev's dream of moving in with his mother did not find support from Lena, his wife. Everything changed when my mother was operated on for cancer. Lena herself started talking about the exchange. The actions and feelings of the heroes, manifested in solving this everyday issue, which ended in a successful exchange, and soon the death of Ksenia Fedorovna, constitute the content of the short story.
– So, exchange is the plot core of the story, but can we say that this is also a metaphor that the author uses?
2) The main character of the story is a representative of the third generation of Dmitrievs.
Grandfather Fyodor Nikolaevich is intelligent, principled, and humane.
– What can you say about the hero’s mother?
Find the characteristic in the text:
“Ksenia Fedorovna is loved by friends, respected by colleagues, appreciated by her neighbors in the apartment and at Pavlinov’s dacha, because she is friendly, compliant, ready to help and take part...”
But Viktor Georgievich Dmitriev falls under the influence of his wife and “becomes foolish.” The essence of the title of the story, its pathos, the author’s position, as it follows from the artistic logic of the story, are revealed in the dialogue between Ksenia Fedorovna and her son about the exchange: “I really wanted to live with you and Natasha...” Ksenia Fedorovna paused. “But now - no” - “Why?” - “You have already exchanged, Vitya. The exchange took place."
– What is the meaning of these words?
3) What makes up the image of the main character?
Characteristics of an image based on text.
– How does the emerging conflict with your wife over the exchange end?(“...He lay down in his place against the wall and turned his face to the wallpaper.”)
– What does this pose of Dmitriev express?(This is the desire to escape the conflict, humility, non-resistance, although in words he did not agree with Lena.)
– And here’s another subtle psychological sketch: Dmitriev, falling asleep, feels his wife’s hand on his shoulder, which first “lightly strokes his shoulder” and then presses “with considerable heaviness.”
The hero understands that his wife’s hand is inviting him to turn around. He resists (this is how the author depicts the internal struggle in detail). But... “Dmitriev, without saying a word, turned on his left side.”
– What other details indicate the hero’s submission to his wife when we understand that he is a driven man?(In the morning, my wife reminded me of the need to talk to my mother.
“Dmitriev wanted to say something,” but he “took two steps after Lena, stood in the corridor and returned to the room.”)
This detail - “two steps forward” - “two steps back” - is clear evidence of the impossibility for Dmitriev to go beyond the boundaries imposed on him by external circumstances.
– What rating does the hero receive?(We learn his assessment from his mother and grandfather: “You are not a bad person. But you are not amazing either.”)
4) Dmitriev was denied the right to be called an individual by his relatives. Lena was denied by the author: “...she bit into her desires like a bulldog. Such a pretty bulldog woman... She didn’t let go until her desires - right in her teeth - turned into flesh..."
Oxymoron* pretty bulldog woman further emphasizes the author’s negative attitude towards the heroine.
Yes, Trifonov has clearly defined his position. This is contradicted by N. Ivanova’s statement: “Trifonov did not set himself the task of either condemning or rewarding his heroes: the task was different - to understand.” This is partly true...
It seems that another remark of the same literary critic is more fair: “... behind the external simplicity of presentation, calm intonation, designed for an equal and understanding reader, there is Trifonov’s poetics. And – an attempt at social aesthetic education.”
– What is your attitude towards the Dmitriev family?
– Would you like life to be like this in your families?(Trifonov was able to paint a typical picture of family relations of our time: the feminization of the family, the transfer of initiative into the hands of predators, the triumph of consumerism, the lack of unity in raising children, the loss of traditional family values. The desire for peace as the only joy forces men to put up with their inferiority in the family. They lose their solid masculinity. The family is left without a head.)
Option 4: 02/25/2012: 21.41
Option 1 2012: 02/25/2012: 21.41
Option 6: 02/25/2012: 21.38 Moral issues of the story “Exchange” by Yu. Trifonov
In the 50-80s, the genre of so-called “urban prose” flourished. This primarily addressed the individual, the problems of everyday moral relations.
The culminating achievement of “urban prose” were the works of Yuri Trifonov. It was his story “Exchange” that marked the beginning of the cycle of “urban stories.” In “urban stories” Trifonov wrote about love and family relationships, the most ordinary, but at the same time complex, about the collision different characters, different life positions, about problems, joys, worries, hopes ordinary person, about his life.
At the center of the story "Exchange is a rather typical, ordinary life situation, which nevertheless reveals very important problems that arise when it is resolved.
The main characters of the story are engineer Dmitriev, his wife Lena and Dmitriev’s mother Ksenia Fedorovna. They share a rather complicated relationship. Lena never loved her mother-in-law, moreover, the relationship between them “was minted in the form of ossified and lasting enmity. Previously, Dmitriev often started talking about moving in with his mother, an elderly and lonely woman. But Lena always violently protested against this, and gradually this topic arose less and less in conversations between husband and wife, because Dmitriev understood that he could not break Lena’s will. In addition, Ksenia Fedorovna became a kind of instrument of hostility in their family clashes. During quarrels, the name of Ksenia Fedorovna was often heard, although she did not serve as the beginning. conflict, Dmitriev mentioned his mother when he wanted to accuse Lena of selfishness or callousness, and Lena talked about her, trying to put pressure on the patient or simply be sarcastic.
Speaking about this, Trifonov points to the flourishing of hostile, hostile relations where, it would seem, there should always be only mutual understanding, patience and love.
The main conflict of the story is related to the serious illness of Ksenia Fedorovna. Doctors suspect “the worst.” This is where Lena takes “the bull by the horns.” She decides to urgently resolve the issue of the exchange and move in with her mother-in-law. Her illness and possible impending death become the path to resolution for Dmitriev's wife. housing issue. Lena does not think about the moral side of this enterprise. Having heard from his wife about her terrible idea, Dmitriev tries to look into her eyes. Perhaps he hopes to find doubt, awkwardness, guilt there, but he finds only determination. Dmitriev knew that “his wife’s spiritual inaccuracy worsened” when Lena’s other, strongest quality came into play: the ability to get her own way. The author notes that Lena “bit into her desires like a bulldog, never giving up on them until they came true.
Having done the most difficult thing - saying what she had planned, Lena acts very methodically. Like a subtle psychologist, she “licks her husband’s wound, seeks reconciliation with him. And he, suffering from lack of will, cannot, does not know how to resist her. He perfectly understands the horror of what is happening, realizes the price of the exchange, but does not find the strength in himself to do anything to prevent For Lena, as once he did not find the strength to reconcile her with his mother.
Naturally, Lena entrusted the mission to tell about the upcoming exchange of Ksenia Fedorovna to her husband. This conversation is the worst, most painful thing for Dmitriev. After the operation, which confirmed “the worst, Ksenia Fedorovna felt an improvement, she had confidence that she was on the mend. To tell her about the exchange would mean to deprive her of her last hope for life, because she would not guess the reason for such loyalty for many years this daughter-in-law who is at war with her smart woman I couldn't. The realization of this becomes the most painful for Dmitriev. Lena easily plans a conversation with Ksenia Fedorovna for her husband. “Put it all on me!” she advises. And Dmitriev seems to accept Lenin’s condition. His mother is simple-minded, and if he explains everything to her according to Lenin’s plan, she may well believe in the disinterestedness of the exchange. But Dmitriev is afraid of his sister Laura, who is “cunning , "is perspicacious and does not like Lena very much. Laura has long seen through her brother's wife and will immediately guess what intrigues are behind the idea of exchange. Laura believes that Dmitriev quietly betrayed her and her mother, "became foolish, that is, he began to live according to the rules on which they rely in the life of Lena and her mother, Vera Lazarevna, who were once established in their family by their father, an enterprising, “mighty man.” It was Laura who noticed Lena’s tactlessness at the very beginning of their family life with Dmitriev, when