- People who don't read books are depriving themselves of the wisdom of previous generations.
- Literary works teach a person to think, analyze, and look for hidden meanings
- The ideological influence of a book can last throughout a person’s life.
- By reading, a person becomes smarter and more intelligent
- You can find comfort in books even in the most difficult times.
- Books are a collection of all human wisdom accumulated over many centuries
- Without books, humanity is doomed to destruction
Arguments
A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”. For Tatyana Larina, main character works, books are a completely special world. The girl reads a lot of novels and, in her fantasies, sees herself as their heroine. She imagines life as it is presented in her favorite books. When Tatyana falls in love with Evgeny Onegin, she begins to look for traits in him that are common to the heroes of her favorite works. When Evgeny leaves the village, the girl studies his library, learning more and more about this man from the books.
Ray Bradbury "Fahrenheit 451" The importance of books in a person’s life cannot be overestimated. In Ray Bradbury's dystopian novel, we see a world devoid of literary works. By destroying books, humanity destroyed its historical memory and my freedom, I forgot how to think and delve into the essence of things. Literary works were replaced by completely stupid TV shows and talking screens with “relatives”. People themselves did not understand how they turned into creatures unable to think or grasp the essence of what they read. Their brains are accustomed to accepting light, entertaining information. People seriously decided that books bring only evil and that there is no need to read them. By losing the books, humanity doomed itself to destruction by allowing itself to be controlled.
F.M. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment”. The Bible had a huge influence on the life of Rodion Raskolnikov, the main character of the work. Sonya Marmeladova reads an episode to the hero, the meaning of which will be important for him later life. The passage telling about the resurrection of Lazarus conveys the idea of the all-encompassing mercy of God and the forgiveness of sinners: sincere repentance leads to the rebirth of the soul. While in prison, Rodion Raskolnikov reads the Bible. The book helps the hero take the path of spiritual resurrection.
Jack London "Martin Eden". Reading books helped Martin Eden transform from a poorly educated sailor to the smartest person of its time. The hero spared no time and effort in reading: at the same time he read and studied grammar, admired beautiful poems, and studied the works of Herbert Spencer. With the help of books, Martin Eden received a comprehensive education without spending time at school and university. While reading, the hero regretted that there was so little time in the day. The life story of Martin Eden confirms that books are a huge store of knowledge for mankind, in which one can find the answer to any question.
K. Paustovsky “The Storyteller”. As New Year's gift the boy receives a book with fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen. Fairy tales captivate the child so much that he forgets about the holiday and the fun. While reading, he falls asleep under the tree, and in a dream he sees the author himself. The boy thanks the writer for opening the way to the world of fairy tales. The hero is sure that it was fairy tales that taught him to believe in miracles and the power of good.
A fairy tale is a clever miracle created by the artistic genius of the people. M. Gorky wrote about the meaning of fairy tales in his life: “...Fairy tales opened up for me a gap into another life, where I existed and, dreaming about better life, some kind of free, fearless force was acting.” This force was the people themselves.
A fairy tale plays a very important role in a child’s life. The fairy tale has a great influence on the spiritual, moral, labor, aesthetic, mental education of children, norms of behavior in society and attitude towards life around them. With the help of fairy tales, accumulated knowledge and social experience are passed on from one generation to another; fairy tales reflect people's ideas about good and evil, about the beautiful and the ugly. Folk tales have always been accessible, interesting and understandable to children, their plot and actions fairy-tale heroes They make the child think, reason, they help him understand his own actions, teach him life wisdom. A fairy tale in its various manifestations always strives to embody the ideal human life, human actions and behavior. In the fairy tale there are calls for wisdom, for activity, for true humanity, for sincere feelings and good deeds. In addition, fairy tales broaden a person’s horizons, awaken interest in the life and creativity of peoples, and form a humane attitude towards nature and all the inhabitants of our Earth. Fairy tales develop imagination, thinking, attention and memory. A fairy tale plays a very important role in the development of a child’s emotional qualities, and these, in turn, influence the formation of the child’s moral assessments. Childhood impressions will remain in the child’s mind for a very long time, and at the same time they influence the behavior and mood of an adult. Children do not forget those readings and discussions of fairy tales that they had with their mother or grandmother in the evening hours together.
Russians folk tales play a big role in the formation of children musical ear, taste for poetry, love for nature, for native land. They arose in time immemorial. Russian folk tales are the most popular and most beloved genre by children. Everything that happens in these fairy tales is fantastic and wonderful in its purpose: the heroes of these fairy tales, getting from one dangerous situation to another, save their friends, punish their enemies - they fight and fight to the death.
A fairy tale activates the imagination. Thanks to it, the child’s consciousness is not only enriched with new knowledge and ideas, the main thing arises - a new attitude towards people, events and phenomena.
A distinctive feature of many fairy tales is the element of transformation. It can take the form of the hero’s embodiment in another person, animal or object. It is important that in the process of such transformations the hero, remaining himself, acquires additional qualities: he can dive to the bottom of the sea, soar into the skies like a falcon, gray wolf scour the dense forest, etc. It is in fairy tales that a child masters the ability to “get used to the world of another person.” This will be very useful to him in later life.
Thanks to empathy and sympathy for another person, the ground is created for tolerance, acceptance, pity and love for him. This is how the fear of insecurity and loneliness is overcome.
Special role plays in fairy tales the motif of the unity of man and nature. Coming to us from time immemorial, the fairy tale reflects inherent in man those ancient times, a sense of community with nature. Therefore, nature in fairy tales often sympathizes with the heroes, protecting and comforting them (an evil witch drowned Alyonushka in a pond, no one noticed, only the flowers began to wither in the garden, the trees began to dry out, and the grasses began to fade). From this fusion with nature is born love is pity to all living things: plants, animals, people.
Reading fairy tales, playing fairy tales can be considered as a kind of therapy. As a result, the child not only receives new knowledge, but also becomes familiar with the culture different nations, but also develops his imagination, learns to overcome his insecurities.
Fairy tales are an excellent material for stimulating children's imagination and developing attention.
Most fairy tales express the eternal search for happiness. All the exploits of heroes, the miraculous transformations of heroes and the activity of magical assistants are only necessary conditions for achieving it. Only those who do not stop at any difficulties find happiness. The very construction of the fairy tale - an expressive opposition of good and evil, images that are understandable in its essence, the dynamics of events that are understandable to a child, the results of various characteristic actions, multiple repetitions - this makes the fairy tale interesting and incredibly exciting for children.
My teaching experience has shown that students love and know fairy tales. In my activities I implement various programs artistic direction: "Folklore theater", "Artistic word", "On the steps of theatrical creativity." The programs provide interdisciplinary connections with music, literature, folklore. I introduce my students to fairy tales processed by the famous fairy tale publishers A.N. Afanasyev, the great teacher K.D. Ushinsky, L.N. Tolstoy, and Soviet writer A.N. Tolstoy. I try to do it regularly different games, quizzes, dramatizations, impromptu theaters based on fairy tales ("Teremok", "Kolobok", "Turnip", "Geese - Swans", etc.) The guys participate in theatrical productions fairy tales; write tales about nature, animals, musical instruments. Children love to participate in competitions and festivals at the regional and regional level, in various All-Russian creative distance competitions, quizzes, and Olympiads. Just recently we took part in an online quiz " Christmas story" (Educational portal"Red Cat" Center additional education named after Y.A. Comenius). 13 people (students of grades 2 - 6) took part in the remote event. All the guys received diplomas as winners, taking 1st and 2nd places.
Every person's childhood is associated with fairy tales. The fairy tale originates from the depths of centuries - the time when oral traditions existed. folk art.
Oral folk art is considered an inexhaustible source for moral, patriotic, labor, aesthetic education. For many Russian writers and poets, fairy tales have been a source of creativity, love for their people, for the environment, and a sense of the mystery and beauty of nature. Everyone knows what an influence Arina Rodionovna had, who opened up the world for little Sasha folk song, fairy tales. Pushkin wrote about the inimitable charm of evenings filled with mysterious images of nanny’s fairy tales in the poem “Dream”
Fairy tales were a kind of teaching and healing tool, a means of folk psychiatry long before psychotherapy received its status. Fairy tales and parables show in figurative form how a person can help himself overcome various adversities and difficulties, make his life fulfilling, while remaining himself.
Fairy tales have a great influence on the formation of a person’s personality.
Fairy tale heroes go through trials. Using the example of fairy tale heroes, the reader develops such personality qualities as courage, willpower, the ability to understand another person, etc. A fairy tale always has happy end, because you need to believe in good things, in magic. “A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it, good fellows- lesson".
The role of fairy tales in human life.
Writer Viktor Krotov gives the following definition of a fairy tale: “A fairy tale is an honest invention, an honest fiction. The surprising thing is that this does not reduce its ability to reflect life, but rather increases it.” Indeed, the fairy tale captivates with its richness of fiction, its images, and the amazing interweaving of the fantastic and the real. Heroes of fairy tales fly on carpets - airplanes, drain swamps in one night, build palaces, defeat monsters and at the same time are no different from ordinary people. This is an amazing combination of truth and fiction.
All fairy tales teach good things. In any, even the most terrible fairy-tale world, there is a hero who, showing extraordinary strength, courage and endurance, fights with the most incredible monsters. At the same time, he makes his heroic deeds, usually protecting or saving someone. Various creatures and objects help him. Wise old men, old women, fantastic creatures, and heroes act as assistants to the positive hero in fairy tales. Assistants goodies in fairy tales there are animals, beasts, and birds: the kind “Sivka-burka”, “duck with the golden egg”, “wonderful hen”, etc. Or even inanimate objects: a self-assembled tablecloth, boots - walkers, living or dead water. These beings or objects respond with kindness to kindness shown to them.
Whether a person is small or big, he must navigate life. But before a person learns to navigate in external life, it is important for him to navigate in internal life, that is, I want to talk about the formation of a person’s personality. A fairy tale works on internal orientation. The world of fairy tales can be called a masquerade. William Shakespeare once said: “A fairy tale gives us the opportunity to try on a variety of masks. Trying on a fairytale mask, we feel that this particular mask, this character is important to us. This is how we become acquainted with some living being in our soul, related to this character.” In our inner world, just like in a fairy-tale world, there live Courage and Cowardice, Greed and Generosity, Pettiness and Generosity, Faith and Rationalism, and many other characters. The fairytale game teaches us to notice them as fairy tales and how internal characters, helps us get comfortable among them and manage them. A fairy tale helps us choose our ideal and hold on to it - at least internally. But without internal loyalty to the ideal, external service to it is impossible.
People different ages love to read fairy tales. The semantic shades of fairy tales that are preferred at one age or another differ. For example, fairy tales for little ones. In them, the little listener comprehends the structure of the surrounding world from simple to more complex - through comparisons and relationships. In the fairy tale “The Three Bears,” the relationship between the size of an object and the age of the characters is clearly described, and that what suits Mashenka is something that corresponds to her age—Mishutka’s accessories; in “Turnip” - the order of the characters is “from great to small.” In these tales the structure of the intellect is created.
There are many fairy tales about relationships with others: about love, friendship, mutual assistance, cruelty, selfishness, deceit, etc. For example, “Geese are swans,” “The Frog Princess,” etc.
A person aged 10-14, reading fairy tales, through the prism of imagination, tries to determine his place and his values in real life. Adventure tales are interesting at this age: “Pippi - Long stocking»,
"Adventures of Electronics", "Harry Potter", etc.
Fantasy, adventure, detective stories are fairy tales for adults. The period of faith in miracles is replaced by a realistic perception of reality. Some adults relax while reading fairy tales; for others, fairy tales seem to cease to exist; others create fairy tales themselves.
Adults read fairy tales to their children, introduce them to the system of human values and relationships, and the rules and norms of behavior in society.
At the end of life, a person reads fairy tales to his grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
Fairy tales help adults and children become close, learn to understand each other, and trust. After all, it is the fairy tale that is that invisible bridge between them in the sense that adults so often do not have enough time to talk with the baby. By telling fairy tales, they can feel the child’s feelings at least for a moment. For adults, this is an opportunity to talk with the child, not just teach. In response, the child trusts adults more. Therefore, fairy tales from ancient times have been an inexhaustible source of education for the most important human qualities.
In modern life, the concept of fairy tale therapy has appeared. Through fairytale therapy, you can work with aggression, self-doubt, shyness, the problem of shame, guilt, and lies. In fairy tale therapy, the process of selecting for each person his own special fairy tale is important, which will help reveal potential parts of his personality, something unrealized, and teach self-help methods that allow him to cope with conflict, problems and life difficulties. As a result, a person develops a feeling of security, and the inner and outer world will open up.
A fairy tale can be called a means of introducing a person to life.
My fairy tales.
“We are together, we feel good.”
Once upon a time there lived a mother and father. They had a daughter. Mom and dad worked all day, and they did not have enough time to communicate with their daughter.
And the daughter grew up. She felt lonely and lacked communication. One evening, after returning from work, my mother entered her daughter’s room. She looked at her sleeping daughter and saw tears that had not yet dried under her eyes. The mother stroked her daughter's hair with her warm hands. “What a waste of time. After all, I didn’t notice how my daughter was growing,” my mother whispered. She looked around and saw pictures drawn by her daughter on the wall. On one of them a house was drawn, with flowers and green grass nearby, blue sky And bright sun. And in the center of the picture is a girl walking, holding the hands of her father and mother. The smiling faces in the picture seemed to say: “We are together, we feel good.” Mom showed her daughter's painting to her father. Leaving everything, they decided to take a walk with their daughter. Dad picked up his daughter and began to tell her interesting stories. Mom also listened attentively and quietly rejoiced, watching the happy faces of her husband and daughter. For her this day seemed extraordinary. The girl was never lonely again.
Radustik and Sadstik.
Once upon a time there lived twin rabbits in the forest. One was called Radustik, the other Sad. When they grew up, they had to leave their father's house. They began to look for a hole for themselves. Radustik was cheerful, joyful, sociable. He had many friends who helped him find a hole at the edge of the forest. Sadness lived in an old hedgehog hole, it was cold in it. He was timid, clumsy, sad, always afraid of something.
One day Radustik invited Sadness to visit, but he was afraid to leave the hole and sat at home all day. The slightest rustle or rustle of grass terrified him, he imagined terrible pictures.
One night it started to rain heavily. Sadness's hole couldn't stand it and collapsed. He found himself alone, it was dark and damp. Suddenly he heard a rustling sound, it was a hedgehog. The hedgehog called Sadness to him. This time he was not afraid, because he felt warmly treated.
Morning came, the sun was getting hotter and hotter. Scary world, as Sadness imagined him, turned out to be bright and kind. Gradually he made new friends. Radustik looked for a good hole for Sadness next to the river, and they began to live, enjoying every new day.
You can’t despair, sadness and joy live side by side. Radustik will always come and remind you that a new day will come, everything will be fine.
There was an old stump in the forest. He was lonely and unwanted. His old friends, the oak and aspen trees standing nearby, had forgotten him. The world seemed gloomy to him. In the evenings he remembered his youth and felt sad.
One day a small hedgehog approached the stump.
“Hello, Uncle Stump,” the hedgehog greeted.
Hello baby. What are you doing here alone? – the stump was worried.
The hedgehog said that he was looking for a mink. He asked for help. Stump was very happy at the hedgehog’s request, because no one had ever asked him for help. He suggested digging a hole under its root. So they began to live together. The hedgehog felt good in the warm embrace of the stump, especially in winter, and the stump was happy because he had a friend.
After a long winter, spring has come. A stump reappeared from under the snow and the hedgehog woke up. The hedgehog was grateful to his friend and told his dreams.
Suddenly the stump felt that something was quietly moving under the root, and asked the hedgehog to look. A weak, small sprout of a new tree stretched towards the sun. The hedgehog and the stump helped him get out from under the root. Soon flowers bloomed around, and butterflies flocked to the flowers. The world was so beautiful. Stump is happy because he has friends around him who need him.
In a clearing under a small bush he lived - he was already there. He crawled through the forest all day long and was sad, looking at the sky. One day a flying swan noticed him and descended on the snake.
Why are you so sad? - asked the swan.
Oh! How I would like to fly into the sky, look at the world from above, but there are no wings.
The swan took pity on the snake and came up with a way to show him the earth from above.
Well, let me help you. Lie on my back and I'll give you a ride.
Hooray! - he shouted, - now everyone will envy me.
The white swan rose into the sky. He was already happy, his dream had come true. A vast world opened up before him, it was wonderful. He suddenly realized that he was part of this beautiful thing, that you shouldn’t be sad, you need to live and enjoy your surroundings.
It was already slippery, and he wrapped himself around the swan’s neck so as not to fall. The swan felt pain and soon sank to the ground. The snake and the snake were different, but they became friends because they understood each other. No need to be sad. It’s enough to look around, because there may be another person nearby who needs your help, whose dream you can fulfill. And he will help you. Dreams come true, you have to believe.
Once upon a time there was a dog. The guys named her Bobby. The dog lived in the dirty basement of a large house. She was beautiful, the children wanted to cuddle her, but the dog did not let anyone near her, she growled. Therefore, the children began to be afraid of her. In the evening the dog went into the dirty, cold basement.
There was a lonely person living in the house an old man. No one came to him, so he often left the house and sat on the bench for a long time. When he saw Bobby, he tried to call her over. A girl passing by stopped her grandfather:
Don't touch her, she's very angry.
The old man looked at the dog and said:
No, she's not angry, she's scared. Someone must have offended her greatly. There is something good in every living soul.
“Can she find a friend?” the girl asked.
“I know how to make friends with her,” the old man answered smiling and went home.
A few minutes later he left the house and brought out a pot of hot soup. Bobbi approached carefully, looked around and began to eat.
The old man fed the dog every day. The dog became attached to people and began to trust. The old man took the dog home. They became very good friends and often went out for walks. The children stopped being afraid of her and played happily with her. Bobby liked to play too. She realized that not everything in life is so bad, there is good people who can help in difficult times and who you may need.
Once upon a time there was a girl. She was afraid of everything. She had no friends and was a poor student. The girl was afraid to answer at the blackboard, afraid to make a mistake. She tried to hide her fear, so she tried to appear angry. The girl did not think about the future, she lived only in the past. She was tormented by doubts, always regretted something, and cried at night.
“Really, how long can I hide from myself and others that I am afraid. I have to admit my fear. What can I do to help myself? - the girl thought. She looked in the mirror and imagined that she was standing on the edge of an abyss. She was scared, she was afraid of falling. She imagined that this was not an abyss at all, but only a small crevice and she only needed to take one step. She looked ahead, thought that this was her future and jumped. Happened! She felt good. She believed that she could overcome fear, everything was in her hands.
Since then, the girl began to study well and made many friends.
Today, at the beginning of the third millennium, people are intuitively drawn to the knowledge contained in fairy tales. IN last years fairy tales and parables began to be used as a psychotherapeutic intervention in the internal picture of a person’s world. They help resolve intrapsychic conflicts and relieve emotional stress, change life position and human behavior.
The texts of fairy tales, as we have already noted, arouse interest among children and adults; in them one can find full list human problems and ways to solve them. Using the example of fairy tale heroes, a person begins to comprehend own life. By influencing the conscious and subconscious, a fairy tale can help him determine Right way solutions to your problem, but by projecting the action of the hero of the fairy tale onto modern life By changing his thinking and behavior, a person can take the path personal development, cure nervous disorders somatic diseases.
Kineva Irina Vladimirovna,
Teacher of GBDOU No. 18 of the Kirov district of St. Petersburg
“The brilliant, best gold in the world is the gold that sparkles in children’s eyes and rings with laughter from children’s lips and the lips of their parents.”
K. Andersen
Fairy tales have accompanied people for centuries. It not only contains magic and adventure, it contains life itself. It’s not for nothing that they say: “The fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it, a lesson for good fellows.” Indeed, fairy tales are one of the instructive moments. Almost every fairy tale gives life lesson. And this is especially important for a child.
The texts of fairy tales evoke intense emotional resonance in both children and adults. The images of fairy tales simultaneously address two mental levels: the level of consciousness and subconscious, which creates special features when communicating.
In a fairy tale symbolic form contains information about:
How this world works;
What “traps”, temptations, difficulties, obstacles can be encountered in life and how to deal with them;
How to gain and value friendship;
What values should you follow in life?
How to build relationships with parents;
How to fight and forgive.
Fairy tales are the basis of “moral immunity” and the maintenance of “immune memory”. “Moral immunity” is a person’s ability to resist negative impacts spiritual, mental and emotional nature, emanating from society.
Fairy tales return the child to a state of holistic perception of the world. Gives the opportunity to dream, activates creative potential, convey knowledge about the world, about human relationships.
The attractiveness of fairy tales for the development of a child’s personality is as follows:
lack of didactics and moral teachings in fairy tales.
The greatest thing that the fairy tale genre can “afford” is a hint on how best to act in a particular situation. life situation. Events fairy tale story naturally and logically follow one from the other. Thus, the child perceives and assimilates the cause-and-effect relationships that exist in this world.
lack of clear personifications.
The main character in the fairy tale is collective image. The names of the main characters are repeated from fairy tale to fairy tale: Ivanushka, Alyonushka, Marya. The absence of rigid personification helps the child identify himself with the main character. Using the example of the destinies of fairy-tale heroes, a child can trace the consequences of one or another life choice person.
figurativeness and metaphorical language.
Each fairy-tale situation has many facets and meanings. A child or an adult, reading a fairy tale, unconsciously draws out for himself the meaning that is most relevant to him in his life. this moment. Thanks to the multifaceted meanings, the same fairy tale can help a child in different periods life to solve problems that are relevant to him. Observing the destinies of the main characters, living; fairy tale situations, perceiving language fairy tale images, the child largely forms a picture of the World for himself and, depending on this, will perceive various situations and act in different ways.
psychological security.
Sign a real fairy tale- happy end. This gives the child a feeling of psychological security. Whatever happens in a fairy tale, everything ends well. It turns out that all the trials that befell the heroes were necessary in order to make them stronger and wiser. On the other hand, the child sees that the hero who committed bad thing, will definitely get what he deserves. And the hero who goes through all the trials, showing his best qualities, is definitely rewarded. This is the law of life: how you relate to the World, so it treats you.
the presence of mystery and magic.
These qualities are characteristic of fairy tales. Fairy tale like a living organism, everything in it breathes; at any moment, any object - even a stone - can come to life and speak. This feature of the fairy tale is very important for the development of the child’s psyche. By reading or listening to a fairy tale, the child becomes “implanted” in the story. He can identify himself not only with the main character, but also with other animated characters. At the same time, the child develops the ability to decenter, to take the place of another. After all, it is precisely this ability of a person to feel something different from himself that allows him to feel the multifaceted nature of the World and his Unity with it.
Fairy tales are divided into traditional (folk) and original. There are several types of folk tales:
everyday (for example, “The Fox and the Crane”);
fairy tales-mysteries (stories of wit, stories of the cunning);
fairy tales and fables that clarify some situation or moral norm;
horror tales, stories about evil spirits;
fairy tales-parables;
tales about the interaction of people and animals;
tales about animals; mythological stories(including stories about heroes);
fairy tales, fairy tales with transformations (“Geese-swans”, “Little little havroshechka”, etc.).
Each group of fairy tales has its own age children's audience. Children 3-5 years old most understand and relate to fairy tales about animals and fairy tales about the interaction between people and animals. At this age, children often identify themselves with animals and easily transform into them, copying their behavior.
Starting from the age of 5, the child identifies himself primarily with human characters: Princes, Princesses, Soldiers, etc. The older the child gets, the more pleasure he reads stories and fairy tales about people, because these stories contain a story about how a person knows the world.
From about 5-6 years old, the child prefers fairy tales.
In the process of purposeful work with fairy tales, during discussion literary work, comparison of fairy-tale situations with real ones, based on personal observations and experiences of children, the formation occurs consciously correct attitude to phenomena, objects of living and inanimate nature that make up the immediate environment of children. The ability to fairly evaluate the actions of not only the heroes of fairy tales, but also their peers, and, sometimes, adults is developed; the ability to understand what is good and what is bad is formed; what is possible and what is not.
Thus, varied fairy world awakens the child's imagination, gives birth cognitive interest To real world, evokes in children energy and readiness to fight for truth, justice, freedom; gives the first concepts of good, evil, justice. Through a fairy tale, the child begins to understand the laws of the world in which he was born and lives!
Fairy tales are indispensable in a child's life. Their role is very high. They are not only a means to captivate a child, but are also capable of developing him, educating him and solving his psychological problems.