B uben - musical percussion instrument in the form of a narrow round wooden shell, with a leather membrane stretched on one side. Sometimes bells and bells are hung inside the shell, and rattling metal plates are inserted into the slots in the walls.
R The tambourine is common among many peoples: the Uzbek doira; Armenian, Azerbaijani, Tajik def; shamanic drums with a long handle among the peoples of Siberia and Far East. You can read about shamanic tambourines on various sites; I would like to talk about the history of the tambourine in Rus'.
B uben is famous Eastern Slavs since ancient times. They were especially widely used in military affairs and among buffoons. In earlier times, a tambourine was a percussion instrument with skin stretched over it. Perhaps, when the name “tambourine” appears in Russian chronicles, this should mean an instrument that later became known as a “drum”.
ABOUT The bottom of the descriptions of the tambourine along with pipes as a military musical instrument dates back to the 10th century. (960s) and included in the description of the campaign of Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich. The number of tambourines in the army determined its strength. The tambourine served as a sign of command dignity; the performers on the tambourines were at the direct disposal of the squad leaders.
B The uben ratny was a cauldron with a stretched leather membrane. In ancient times, the membrane was struck using a wax - a beater in the form of a whip with a braided ball at the end. Military tambourines were used by both infantry and cavalry. There are known varieties of military tambourines: tulumbas and alarm bells.
P It is believed that the Russian alarm bells were of enormous size; 4 horses were used to transport them. And the sound, or rather the roar, was produced simultaneously by 8 alarm players. With the help of conventional signals of tambourines, sound communication was carried out in the Russian army, and various commands were given. During the battle, percussion instruments were combined with trumpets and surns and created a roar that frightened the enemy.
IN In later centuries, the tambourine was widely used by buffoons and bear guides. The buffoon tambourine looks like modern instrument. It is a narrow round wooden shell with a leather membrane stretched on one side and suspended inside bells and bells. They hit the membrane with their fingers or a brush. At that time, tambourine players played in an ensemble with balalaika players or accordionists, and sometimes simply accompanied the singing of dashing songs.
TO In addition, the tambourine was used as a solo instrument. This is how they described playing this instrument: “When playing the tambourine, folk virtuosos perform various tricks, throwing it up and grabbing it on the fly, hitting their knees with the tambourine, then hitting it on the head, chin, even on the nose, drumming on the tambourine with their hands, with your elbow, fingers, make a tremolo and howl, running your thumb over the skin right hand and so on."
B Uben was widespread in Ukraine and Belarus, being used more often in dance music. This instrument is occasionally found in the hands of folk musicians even today, but it has found its main application in orchestras of Russian folk instruments.
Consisting of a leather membrane stretched over a wooden rim. Some types of tambourines have metal ones attached to them, which begin to ring when the performer hits the membrane of the tambourine, rubs it, or shakes the entire instrument.
The tambourine is common among many peoples: the Uzbek doira; Armenian, Azerbaijani, Tajik def; shamanic drums with a long handle among the peoples of Siberia and the Far East.
Varieties
Currently, there are 2 main types of tambourines:
- Folk or ethnic, wooden rim with a stretched leather membrane. Depending on their purpose, tambourines come in all sorts of sizes. Tools of this type are used for ritual purposes by indigenous shamans. Also considered folk are tambourines with small bells tied to a wire stretched under a membrane.
- Orchestral tambourine, the most common option, with a leather or plastic membrane and metal plates fixed in special slots on the rim. This tool is sometimes mistakenly called . The instrument has firmly established itself in professional music, becoming one of the main percussion instruments of a symphony orchestra.
Among related instruments it is necessary to note . Unlike a tambourine, there is no skin stretched over it, but 1 or 2 rows of metal plates are reinforced in the body. constantly used in many ways modern music such as rock and roll, jazz and pop music.
Origin
The tambourine has been known to the Eastern Slavs since ancient times. They were especially widely used in military affairs and among buffoons. In earlier times, a tambourine was a percussion instrument with skin stretched over it. Perhaps, when the name “tambourine” appears in Russian chronicles, this should mean an instrument that later became known as ““.
One of the descriptions of a tambourine together with trumpets as a military musical instrument dates back to the 10th century. (960s) and included in the description of the campaign of Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich. The number of tambourines in the army determined its strength. The tambourine served as a sign of command dignity; the performers on the tambourines were at the direct disposal of the squad leaders.
The battle tambourine was a cauldron with a stretched leather membrane. In ancient times, the membrane was struck using a wax - a beater in the form of a whip with a braided ball at the end. Military tambourines were used by both infantry and cavalry. There are known varieties of military tambourines: tulumbas and alarm bells.
It is believed that the Russian alarm bells were of enormous size; 4 horses were used to transport them. And the sound, or rather the roar, was produced simultaneously by 8 alarm players. With the help of conventional signals of tambourines, sound communication was carried out in the Russian army, and various commands were given. During the battle, percussion instruments were combined with trumpets and surnas and created a roar that frightened the enemy.
In later centuries, the tambourine was widely used by buffoons and bear guides. The buffoon tambourine looks like a modern instrument. It is a narrow round wooden shell with a leather membrane stretched over one side and bells and bells suspended from the inside. They hit the membrane with their fingers or a brush. At that time, tambourine players played in an ensemble with balalaika players or accordionists, and sometimes simply accompanied the singing of dashing songs.
In addition, the tambourine was used as a solo instrument. This is how they described playing this instrument: “When playing the tambourine, folk virtuosos perform various tricks, throwing it up and grabbing it on the fly, hitting their knees with the tambourine, then hitting it on the head, chin, even on the nose, drumming on the tambourine with their hands, with the elbow, fingers, make a tremolo and howl, running the thumb of the right hand over the skin, etc.”
The tambourine was widespread in Ukraine and Belarus, being used more often in dance music. This instrument is occasionally found in the hands of folk musicians even today, but it has found its main application in orchestras of Russian folk instruments.
Video: Tambourine on video + sound
A video with this tool will appear in the encyclopedia very soon!
Sale: where to buy/order?
The encyclopedia does not yet contain information about where you can buy or order this instrument. You can change this!
An attempt to find out how a tambourine differs from a tambourine.
This question arose because many paintings by Western artists are full of titles “Girl with a Tambourine”, “Gypsy with a Tambourine”, etc., and the paintings themselves depict a tambourine.
Many dictionaries and encyclopedias (for example, explanatory dictionaries Russian language Ozhegova, Efremova, etc.) write that tambourine has two meanings:
1. A small drum with an elongated cylindrical body
2. A type of tambourine
Some sources claim that a tambourine differs from a tambourine only in the presence of wires stretched crosswise inside it, studded with bells and trinkets. This idea is undoubtedly the greatest mistake and unfortunate delusion.
The tambourine and tambourine are turned into the same instrument with the same methods of execution. This is literally the same thing as saying that the tom-tom and the castanets are the same instrument and played in the same way. A tambourine in the modern sense is a tambourine or a “Provençal drum,” while a tambourine, with all the ensuing consequences, is a tambourine.
John William Godward Girl with a Tambourine 1909
John William Godward Girl with a Tambourine 1906
The greatest absurdity remains the stubborn refusal to recognize the artistic rights of the tambourine and the obvious reluctance to understand that the tambourine is a completely special variety of the family of drums in itself. broad meaning words, and has nothing in common with the tambourine, often called a “tambourine”.
All the nonsense of this situation arose, undoubtedly, due to the incorrect translation of this word.
As you know, in France the tambourine is called Tambourin, and the tambourine is called Tambour de Basque. On the contrary, in Italy the tambourine was always translated by the word Tamburino, and the tambourine by Tamburello, and only in the most lately the necessary distinction was put into effect. Vittorio Ricci in his L "Orchestrazione began to define tambourine - tamburino, the concept of Tamburo Provenzale, and Ettore Panizza, having clarified the name of the tambourine - tamburello, introduced the concept of Tamburo Basco.
The word Tamburino in Italian means “tambourine”, “drum”, and a children’s toy in the form of a drum, but not a tambourine. Consequently, the concept of tamburino - “tambourine”, turned out to be acquired, undoubtedly, outside of Italy.
John William Godward Ionic Dancer 1902
John William Godward Drusilla 1906
Naturally, the question arises - who introduced such ambiguity and to whom is it obliged? modern science such confusion?
The French, for example, use the word Tambour de Basque to name the entire family of this type of instrument, which includes its various representatives from the primitive tambourine tympanum cribi - “sieve drum” and the Hebrew tof to all kinds of Chinese, Brittany, English, Turkestan and Transcaucasian tambourines with trinkets or without them, known as “tambourines”, “camps”, “dayrs” and similar countless and endless names.
William Merritt Chase Girl with Tambourine 1886
William Merritt Chase Girl with a Tambourine. Mrs. Chase as a Spanish Dancer 1886
Jules LeBlanc Stewart The Spanish Girl 1875
It is interesting to note that not a single Frenchman has ever called the tambourine by the Italian name tamburino. Neither Berlioz, nor Gevart, nor Widor on the pages of their works anywhere and never fell into such inaccuracy. They call the tambourine Tambour Basque or Tambour de Basque and, as Widor did, translate it into German Schellentrommel. Gewarth, referring to the German word Taburin, confirms that it is an incorrect translation of this instrument.
The English, who use the word tambourine in their language to define a tambourine, either do not give the Italian name at all - this is what Prout did, or, if they talk about tambourine and tambourine, they do not strive to be particularly precise, although they blame the Germans for the ambiguity of the names.
Americans do not mention the Provençal tambourine at all, but speak of the tambourine as an instrument called Tamburino in Italian. But this is not enough. Arthur-Olaf Andersen even replaces the French name for the tambourine - Tambour de Basque with the English Tambourine, and Arthur-Edward Johnston agrees to the point that he generally considers both Tambourin and Tambour de Basque equivalent and gives them as two different French names for an ordinary tambourine.
Alexey Kharlamov Italian with tambourine
William Etty Bacchante with Tambourine
Christian Bernard Rode Girl with a Tambourine 1785 Hermitage
So all the confusion comes only from German word Tamburin, which the Germans call both tambourine and tambourine. The difference in names apparently arose quite recently, and now, as is known, the tambourine is sometimes called Kleintrommel, and the tambourine - Schellentrommel.
However, these names are less common among Germans than among foreigners, and only one Sachs, pointing out the inaccuracy of the word Tamburin, refers to its Italian origin.
Adolphe William Bouguereau Gypsy girl with a Basque tambourine 1867
Jean Baptiste Corot Gypsy 1865-70
José de Ribera Girl with a Tambourine 1637
Anselm Feuerbach Girl with a Tambourine 1860-61
The Italians do not at all use the word Tamburino to designate a tambourine and, therefore, there is an obvious misunderstanding somewhere in this whole matter. However, it was the Germans who most of all gave rise to “misunderstandings” in orchestral names and their word tambourine in the meaning of tambourine migrated to the Russian orchestra not from Italy, but only, to our deepest regret, from Germany, along with the semi-literate German conductors who flooded Russia at one time and rather hostile orchestral musicians. This unfortunate circumstance made it impossible for Russian musicians to introduce a special concept in a timely manner, and they unwittingly accepted the definition of Tamburino for the truly Italian meaning of a tambourine, and the German Tamburin for both.
Elizabeth Vigée-Lebrun Emma, Lady Hamilton 1790-91
Alois Hans Schram Gypsy.
Luis Ricardo Falero Gypsy with a tambourine.
Now, what is a tambourine?
The drum, called a tambourine, has been known since time immemorial. It can be found in the south of France and India, in Mexico and Central Africa, on the islands of Polynesia and in Asia - in short, various peoples have paid tribute to this wonderful instrument. But the tambourine originally originated in Provence and the Basque Land, where, as Guevaert says, it was used in combination with a homemade pipe, the galoubet. The instrument itself is usually put on a sling over the shoulder and the tambourine player hits the tambourine with a small stick, which he holds with his right hand, while with his left he plays the galoubet, holding the tambourine at the same time. Sometimes, however, the musicians played a duet, each on their own instrument, as in Durer’s painting.
Albert Durer Flutist and tambourine player 1503-4.
This funny circumstance - playing two instruments at the same time - gave rise to the well-known French proverb - Ce qui vient de la flute, sen va par le tambour, and even before the Middle Ages, the word tabourin or tambourin always evoked the idea of the union of two instruments - a flute and a drum, and the musician who played them was invariably called a “tambourine player.” Therefore, as a result of such a bizarre “fastening” of two disparate instruments, the sounds of the flute were always heard accompanied by the tambourine, and as soon as the flute had time to whistle its tune, the drum immediately tapped it after it.
Medieval fresco Angel with tambourine.
Charles-Marie Widor, mentioning this instrument on the pages of his book, says that it “is distinguished from an ordinary drum by its strongly elongated appearance and the absence of a sharp sound,” and Joseph Baggars adds that it is not only longer and narrower than an ordinary drum, but, in its opposite, has strings stretched over the skin, which gives the tambourine its characteristic “somewhat nasal dullness.” On the contrary, the French military conductor of the 19th century M.-A. Suye be careful. He simply combines these positions and states that the tambourine has "a very long body and is often without strings - sans timbre."
W. F. Dawson Christmas minstrel playing pipe and tambourine. 1902
There are more than one variety of tambourine even in the South of France and, depending on the area, it somewhat modifies its design. Thus, a genuine Provençal tambourine has no strings at all and its sound, slightly muffled, apparently depends entirely on the volume of the instrument - its height and width. On the contrary, the stringed tambourine mentioned by Kurt Sachs belongs to the Gascon, or more precisely, to the Béarn tambourines, and has seven bowel strings, secured with pegs and tuned to an arbitrary fifth in such a way that all the odd strings sound the tonic, and the even strings sound the tonic. dominant. Otherwise, its design and use are no different from an ordinary tambourine.
Patricia Brazil Tambourine.
Cecile Forsythe speaks in more detail about the tambourine. He also confirms that the body of this drum is very long in relation to its diameter. It is made from walnut wood, and is carved and painted in all sorts of intricate designs. Both sections of the tambourine are covered, predominantly, with the finest calfskin. Across the upper cut, over the skin, there is either a string, or a silk cord, or, which is much more accurate, a simple rough hemp rope, tightly in contact with the surface of the skin using pegs. The peculiarity of this circumstance is that this tourniquet does not cross the lower surface of the skin, but rather the upper one, on which the performer hits with a stick. As has already been noted, there are some discrepancies in this regard, the indisputable accuracy of which can hardly be established. Forsythe supports his observations with a description of the instrument that the Scottish composer and musicologist William Wallace (Wallace, 1860-1940) had at his disposal.
Justice requires admitting that the type of tambourine described by Forsythe is, obviously, the most accurate. But the obvious divergence begins in the ways in which this tool is used. Until now, it was known that the tambourine player hits the tambourine with a stick, which he holds in his right hand, and plays the pipe with his left. Forsythe, and with him Sachs, states that he holds a thick-tipped stick (made of hardwood or ivory) in his left hand, and not a galoubet or chirula, and plays with his right. That's not the point, after all. The Marseille workshop of tambourine players prescribes in its charter the ability to play the tambourine with either hand. It is more important to establish the presence of a genuine tambourine in the orchestra, and not some home-grown fake. After all, the duties of the galoubet will still be performed by sworn flutists or clarinetists, and the stick will be played by real drummers, who are equally comfortable hitting with both their left and right hands.
Jacob von Staehlin (1709-1785), a very observant and enlightened foreigner who spent fifty years of his mature and vigorous life in the very heat of the then Russian court and scientific reality, speaks extremely curiously about the Provençal tambourine. He says that “of the instruments that appeared in Russia, but did not become fashionable, it is necessary to note the tambourine, very common in France, - a small timpani fastened to the belt, on which one accompanies with one hand, while with the other one plays a small flute with three holes. , similar in sound to an ordinary transverse one. They dance to this double instrument in France, especially in Provence and Languedoc, at all parties, have fun in rural round dances, and sing at the top of their lungs, but do not drown out the instrument. Count Vicedom, who was in 1745-1747 at the Russian imperial court the minister of the King of Poland and Kursaxon, a gentleman with elegant taste, a good musician, especially on the harpsichord, took out this rural french instrument to Dresden and St. Petersburg, where he played it as well as a true Frenchman.”
So, a real tambourine has a very elongated body, one string or a hemp cord; stretched tightly over the skin, and one stick, which the performer handles with sufficient skill. Thanks to these features, the tambourine has a somewhat dull sonority, which is also very characteristic and original. Therefore, it should be used only in cases where it is required either by the music itself or by the special intention of the author, which certainly excludes the participation of an ordinary drum. Under all circumstances, a tambourine cannot be compared either with a modern military drum, or, especially, with a tambourine. It is clear, of course, that this situation does not arise from generic or historical circumstances, but from the responsibilities and capabilities of the instrument in modern times. symphony orchestra. This must be understood finally, once and for all.
They were used in ancient times by the peoples of the Middle East and the African continent to accompany warlike and religious dances. Percussion instruments, the names of which are numerous, as are their types, are very common these days; not a single ensemble can do without them. These include those in which sound is produced by striking.
Classification
According to their musical qualities, that is, the possibility of extracting sounds of a particular pitch, all types of percussion instruments, the names of which are presented in this article, can be divided into 2 groups: with an indefinite pitch (cymbals, drums, etc.) and with a certain pitch ( xylophone, timpani). They are also divided depending on the type of vibrator (sounding body) into self-sounding (castanets, triangles, cymbals, etc.), plate (bells, vibraphones, xylophones, etc.) and membranous (tambourine, drums, timpani, etc.).
Now you know what types of percussion instruments there are. Let's say a few words about what determines the timbre and volume of their sound.
What determines the volume and timbre of sound?
The volume of their sound is determined by the amplitude of vibrations of the sounding body, that is, the force of the impact, as well as the size of the sounding body. Strengthening the sound in some instruments is achieved by adding resonators. The timbre that certain types of percussion instruments have depends on many factors. The main ones are the method of impact, the material from which the instrument is made, and the shape of the sounding body.
Webbed percussion instruments
The sounding body in them is a membrane or a stretched membrane. These include percussion instruments, the names of which are tambourine, drums, timpani, etc.
Timpani
Timpani is an instrument with a certain pitch, which has a metal body in the shape of a cauldron. A membrane made of tanned leather is stretched across the top of this cauldron. The membrane currently used is made from polymer materials special membrane. It is secured to the body using tension screws and a hoop. Screws located around the circumference loosen or tighten it. The timpani percussion instrument is tuned as follows: if you pull the membrane, the tuning becomes higher, and if you lower it, it will be lower. In order not to interfere with the membrane vibrating freely, there is a hole at the bottom for air movement. The body of this instrument is made of brass, copper or aluminum. Timpani are mounted on a tripod - a special stand.
This instrument is used in an orchestra in a set of 2, 3, 4 or more cauldrons of different sizes. The diameter of modern timpani ranges from 550 to 700 mm. There are the following types: pedal, mechanical and screw. Pedal instruments are the most common, since you can tune the instrument to the required key without interrupting the game by pressing the pedal. Timpani have a sound volume approximately equal to a fifth. A large timpani is tuned below all the others.
Tulumbas
Tulumbas is an ancient percussion instrument (a type of timpani). It served in the 17th-18th centuries in the army, where it was used to give alarm signals. The shape is a pot-shaped resonator. This ancient percussion instrument (a type of timpani) can be made of metal, clay or wood. The top is covered with leather. This structure is hit with wooden bats. A dull sound is produced, somewhat reminiscent of a cannon shot.
Drums
We continue to describe the percussion instruments whose names were listed at the beginning of the article. Drums have an indefinite pitch. These include various percussion instruments. The names listed below all refer to reels (various varieties). There are large and small orchestral drums, large and small pop drums, as well as bongos, tom bass and tom tenor.
A large orchestral drum has a cylindrical body, covered on both sides with plastic or leather. It is characterized by a dull, low, powerful sound produced by a wooden mallet with a tip in the form of a felt or felt ball. Today, polymer film has begun to be used for drum membranes instead of parchment skin. It has better musical and acoustic properties and higher strength. The drum membranes are secured with tension screws and two rims. The body of this instrument is made of sheet steel and lined with artistic celluloid. It has dimensions 680x365 mm. The large stage drum has a design and shape similar to the orchestra drum. Its dimensions are 580x350 mm.
The small orchestral drum is a low cylinder, covered on both sides with plastic or leather. The membranes (membranes) are attached to the body using tightening screws and two rims. To give the instrument a specific sound, special strings or snares (spirals) are stretched over the lower membrane. They are driven by a reset mechanism. The use of synthetic membranes in drums has significantly improved operational reliability, musical and acoustic characteristics, presentation and service life. The small orchestra drum has dimensions of 340x170 mm. It is included in symphony and military brass bands. The small pop drum has a structure similar to the orchestra drum. Its dimensions are 356x118 mm.
Tom-tom-bass and tom-tom-tenor drums are no different in design. They are used in pop drum kits. The tenor tom is attached to the bass drum using a bracket. The tom-tom-bass is installed on a special stand on the floor.
Bongs are small drums with plastic or leather stretched on one side. They are included in the percussion stage set. The bongs are connected to each other by adapters.
As you can see, many percussion instruments are related to drums. The names listed above can be supplemented by including some less popular varieties.
Tambourine
A tambourine is a shell (hoop) with plastic or leather stretched on one side. Special slots are made in the body of the hoop. They have brass plates attached to them; they look like small orchestra cymbals. Inside the hoop, sometimes small rings and bells are strung on a spiral or on stretched twine. All this tinkles at the slightest touch of the tambourine, creating a special sound. The membrane is struck with the palm of the right hand (its base) or fingertips.
Tambourines are used to accompany songs and dances. In the East, the art of playing this instrument has achieved virtuosity. Solo tambourine playing is also common here. Dyaf, def or gaval is an Azerbaijani tambourine, haval or daf is Armenian, dayra is Georgian, doira is Tajik and Uzbek.
Plate percussion instruments
Let's continue to describe percussion musical instruments. Photos and names of plate drums are presented below. Such instruments that have a certain pitch include the xylophone, marimba (marimbaphone), metallophone, bells, bells, and vibraphone.
Xylophone
Xylophone is a set wooden blocks of different sizes that correspond to sounds of different heights. The blocks are made from rosewood, spruce, walnut, and maple. They are placed parallel in 4 rows, following the order of the chromatic scale. These blocks are attached to strong laces and are also separated by springs. A cord passes through the holes made in the blocks. The xylophone for playing is laid out on a table on rubber spacers, which are located along the cords of this instrument. It is played by two wooden chopsticks having a thickening at the end. This instrument is used for playing in an orchestra or for solo playing.
Metallophone and marimba
Metallophone and marimba are also percussion instruments. Do their photos and names mean anything to you? We invite you to get to know them better.
A metallophone is a musical instrument similar to a xylophone, but its sound plates are made of metal (bronze or brass). His photo is presented below.
Marimba (marimbaphone) is an instrument whose sounding elements are wooden plates. It also has metal tubular resonators installed to enhance the sound.
Marimba has a rich, soft timbre. Its sound range is 4 octaves. The playing plates of this instrument are made of rosewood. This ensures good musical and acoustic characteristics of this instrument. The plates are located in 2 rows on the frame. In the first row there are plates of basic tones, and in the second - halftones. Resonators installed in 2 rows on the frame are tuned to the sound frequency of the corresponding plates. A photo of this instrument is presented below.
The main components of the marimba are secured to the support trolley. The frame of this cart is made of aluminum. This ensures sufficient strength and minimal weight. Marimba is used both for educational purposes and for professional playing.
Vibraphone
This instrument is a set of aluminum plates, chromatically tuned, which are arranged in 2 rows, similar to a piano keyboard. The plates are installed on a high table (bed) and secured with laces. In the center under each of them there are cylindrical resonators of a certain size. Through them pass in the upper part of the axis, on which fan fans (impellers) are fixed. This is how vibration is achieved. The damper device has this tool. It is connected under the stand to a pedal so that you can muffle the sound with your foot. The vibraphone is played using 2, 3, 4, and sometimes a large number of long sticks with rubber balls at the ends. This instrument is used in symphony orchestras, but more often in pop orchestras or as a solo instrument. His photo is presented below.
Bells
What percussion instruments can be used to reproduce bell ringing in an orchestra? The correct answer is bells. This is a set of percussion instruments used in symphony and opera orchestras for this purpose. The bells consist of a set (from 12 to 18 pieces) of cylindrical pipes that are tuned chromatically. Typically the pipes are chrome-plated steel or nickel-plated brass. Their diameter ranges from 25 to 38 mm. They are suspended on a special frame-rack, the height of which is about 2 m. Sound is produced by striking the pipes with a wooden hammer. The bells are equipped with a special device (pedal-damper) to dampen the sound.
Bells
This is a percussion instrument consisting of 23-25 metal plates tuned chromatically. They are placed in steps in 2 rows on a flat box. The black piano keys correspond to the top row, and the white keys correspond to the bottom row.
Self-sounding percussion instruments
When talking about what types of percussion instruments there are (names and types), it is impossible not to mention self-sounding percussion instruments. The following instruments belong to this type: cymbals, tam-tams, triangles, rattles, maracas, castanets, etc.
Plates
Plates are metal discs made of nickel silver or brass. A somewhat spherical shape is given to the disks of the plates. Leather straps attached to the center. A long ringing sound is produced when they hit each other. Sometimes they use one plate. Then the sound is produced by hitting a metal brush or stick. They produce orchestral, gong and Charleston cymbals. They sound ringing and sharp.
Let's talk about what other percussion instruments there are. Photos with names and descriptions will help you get to know them better.
Orchestral triangle
An orchestra triangle (its photo is presented below) is a steel rod of an open triangular shape. When played, this instrument is hung freely and then struck with a metal stick, performing various rhythmic patterns. A triangle has a ringing, bright sound. It is used in various ensembles and orchestras. Triangles are available with two sticks made of steel.
A gong or tam-tam is a bronze disk with curved edges. Using a mallet with a felt tip, strike its center. The result is a dark, thick and deep sound, reaching its full strength gradually, not immediately after the impact.
Castanets and maracas
Castanets (photos of them are presented below) are from Spain. This ancient percussion instrument is shaped like shells tied with a cord. One of them faces the spherical (concave) side towards the other. They are made from plastic or hardwood. Castanets are produced single or double.
Maracas are balls made of plastic or wood, filled with shot (small pieces of metal) and decorated colorfully on the outside. They are equipped with a handle to make them comfortable to hold while playing. Various rhythmic patterns can be produced by shaking the maracas. They are mainly used in variety ensembles, but sometimes in orchestras.
Rattles are sets of small plates mounted on a wooden plate.
These are the main names of percussion musical instruments. Of course, there are many more of them. We talked about the most famous and popular ones.
The drum kit that the pop ensemble has
In order to have a complete understanding of this group of instruments, it is also necessary to know the composition of percussion kits (sets). The most common composition is the following: a large and small drum, a large and small single cymbal, a paired hi-hat cymbal (Charleston), bongos, tom-tom alto, tom-tom tenor and tom-tom bass.
A large drum is installed on the floor in front of the performer, which has support legs for stability. Tom-tom alto and tom-tom tenor drums can be mounted on the top of the drum using brackets. It also has an additional stand on which the orchestra cymbal is mounted. The brackets that attach the tom-tom alto and tom-tom tenor to the bass drum regulate their height.
A mechanical pedal is an integral part of a bass drum. The performer uses it to extract sound from this musical instrument. A small pop drum must be included in the drum kit. It is secured with three clamps on a special stand: one retractable and two folding. The stand is installed on the floor. This is a stand that is equipped with a locking device for fixing in a certain position, as well as changing the inclination of the snare drum.
The snare drum has a muffler and reset device, which are used to adjust the tone. Also, a drum set sometimes includes several tom-tom tenors, tom-tom altos and tom-tom drums, all of different sizes.
Also (its photo is presented below) it includes orchestral cymbals with a stand, a chair and a mechanical stand for the Charleston. Maracas, triangles, castanets and other noise instruments are the accompanying instruments of this installation.
Spare parts and accessories
Spare accessories and parts for percussion instruments include: stands for orchestral cymbals, for snare drums, for Charleston cymbals, timpani sticks, a mechanical beater for a drum (large), sticks for a snare drum, pop drumsticks, orchestral brushes, mallets and bass drum leather, straps, cases.
Percussion instruments
It is necessary to distinguish between percussion keyboards and percussion instruments. Percussion keyboards include the piano and grand piano. The strings of a piano are arranged horizontally and are struck by a hammer from bottom to top. The piano is different in that the hammer strikes the strings in a direction away from the player. The strings are tensioned in a vertical plane. The grand piano and piano, thanks to the richness of sounds in terms of sound strength and height, as well as the great capabilities of these instruments, have received common name. Both instruments can be called in one word - “piano”. The piano is a stringed percussion instrument based on the way it produces sound.
The keyboard mechanism used in it is a system of levers interconnected, which serves to transfer the energy of the pianist's fingers to the strings. It consists of mechanics and is a set of keys, the number of which may vary depending on the sound range of a particular instrument. The keys are usually lined with plastic covers. They are then mounted using pins on the keyboard frame. Each key has a pilot, capsule and overlay. It transmits the force of the pianist to the mechanical figure as a lever of the first kind. Mechanics are hammer mechanisms that convert the musician's force when pressing a key into a strike on the strings of the hammers. Hammers are made of hornbeam or maple, and their heads are covered with felt.