Titles of Schubert's symphonies. General characteristics of Schubert's work. Facts about Franz Schubert

30.10.2019

Biography

Childhood

Schubert struggled with mathematics and Latin in his studies, and in 1813 he decided to leave the chapel. Schubert returned home, entered a teachers' seminary, and then got a job as a teacher at the school where his father worked. In his spare time, he composed music. He studied mainly Gluck, Mozart and Beethoven. First independent works- the opera “Satan's Pleasure Castle” and the Mass in F major - he wrote in 1814.

Maturity

Schubert's work did not correspond to his calling, and he made attempts to establish himself as a composer. But publishers refused to publish his works. In the spring of 1816, he was denied the post of bandmaster in Laibach (now Ljubljana). Soon Joseph von Spaun introduced Schubert to the poet Franz von Schober. Schober arranged for Schubert to meet the famous baritone Johann Michael Vogl. Schubert's songs performed by Vogl began to enjoy great popularity in the Viennese salons. In January 1818, Schubert's first composition was published - the song Erlafsee(as a supplement to the anthology edited by F. Sartori).

In the 1820s, Schubert began to have health problems. In December 1822 he fell ill, but after a stay in hospital in the autumn of 1823 his health improved.

Last years

Schubert's first grave

Creation

Schubert's creative heritage covers the most different genres. He created 9 symphonies, over 25 chamber instrumental works, 15 piano sonatas, many pieces for piano for two and four hands, 10 operas, 6 masses, a number of works for choir, for vocal ensemble, and finally, about 600 songs. During life, and that's enough long time After the composer's death, he was valued mainly as a songwriter. Only from the 19th century did researchers begin to gradually comprehend his achievements in other areas of creativity. Thanks to Schubert, the song for the first time became equal in importance to other genres. Her poetic images reflect almost the entire history of Austrian and German poetry, including some foreign authors.

In 1897, the publishers Breitkopf and Hertel published a critical edition of the composer's works, the editor-in-chief of which was Johannes Brahms. Twentieth-century composers such as Benjamin Britten, Richard Strauss, and George Crum were either persistent popularizers of Schubert's music or made allusions to it in their own music. Britten, who was an accomplished pianist, accompanied performances of many of Schubert's songs and often played his solos and duets.

Unfinished Symphony

The exact date of creation of the symphony in B minor (Unfinished) is unknown. It was dedicated to amateur musical society in Graz, and Schubert presented two parts of it in 1824.

The manuscript was kept for more than 40 years by Schubert's friend Anselm Hüttenbrenner, until the Viennese conductor Johann Herbeck discovered it and performed it at a concert in 1865. The symphony was published in 1866.

It remains a mystery to Schubert himself why he did not complete the “Unfinished” Symphony. It seems that he intended to bring it to its logical conclusion, the first scherzos were completely finished, and the rest were discovered in sketches.

From another point of view, the “Unfinished” symphony is a completely completed work, since the circle of images and their development exhausts itself within two parts. Thus, at one time Beethoven created sonatas in two parts, and later works of this kind became common among romantic composers.

Currently, there are several options for completing the “Unfinished” Symphony (in particular, the options of the English musicologist Brian Newbauld). Brian Newbould) and Russian composer Anton Safronov).

Essays

Octet. Schubert's autograph.

Piano Sonata - Moderato

Piano Sonata - Andante

Piano Sonata - Menuetto

Piano Sonata - Allegretto

Piano Sonata - Moderato

Piano Sonata - Andante

Piano Sonata - Scherzo

Piano Sonata - Allegro

Mass in G, movement 1

Mass in G, movement 2

Mass in G, movement 3

Mass in G, movement 4

Mass in G, movement 5

Mass in G, movement 6

Impromptu in B-flat, movement 1

Impromptu in B-flat, movement 2

Impromptu in B-flat, movement 3

Impromptu in B-flat, movement 4

Impromptu in B-flat, movement 5

Impromptu in B-flat, movement 6

Impromptu in B-flat, movement 7

Impromptu in A-flat, D. 935/2 (Op. 142 No. 2)

Der Hirt auf dem Felsen
Playback help

Operas - Alfonso and Estrella (1822; staged 1854, Weimar), Fierrabras (1823; staged 1897, Karlsruhe), 3 unfinished, including Count von Gleichen, etc.;
Singspiel (7), including Claudina von Villa Bella (on a text by Goethe, 1815, the first of 3 acts has been preserved; staged 1978, Vienna), The Twin Brothers (1820, Vienna), The Conspirators, or Home War (1823; staged 1861 , Frankfurt am Main);
Music for plays - The Magic Harp (1820, Vienna), Rosamund, Princess of Cyprus (1823, ibid.);
For soloists, choir and orchestra - 7 masses (1814-1828), German Requiem (1818), Magnificat (1815), offertories and other spiritual works, oratorios, cantatas, including Victory song Miriam (1828);
For orchestra - symphonies (1813; 1815; 1815; Tragic, 1816; 1816; Small C major, 1818; 1821, unfinished; Unfinished, 1822; Major C major, 1828), 8 overtures;
Chamber instrumental ensembles - 4 sonatas (1816-1817), fantasy (1827) for violin and piano; sonata for arpeggione and piano (1824), 2 piano trios (1827, 1828?), 2 string trios (1816, 1817), 14 or 16 string quartets (1811-1826), Trout piano quintet (1819?), string quintet ( 1828), octet for strings and winds (1824), etc.;
For piano 2 hands - 23 sonatas (including 6 unfinished; 1815-1828), fantasy (Wanderer, 1822, etc.), 11 impromptu (1827-28), 6 musical moments (1823-1828), rondo, variations and other pieces, over 400 dances (waltzes, ländlers, German dances, minuets, ecosaises, gallops, etc.; 1812-1827);
For piano 4 hands - sonatas, overtures, fantasies, Hungarian divertissement (1824), rondos, variations, polonaises, marches, etc.;
Vocal ensembles for male, female voices and mixed compositions accompanied and unaccompanied;
Songs for voice and piano, (more than 600) including the cycles “The Beautiful Miller's Wife” (1823) and “Winter Retreat” (1827), the collection “Swan Song” (1828), “Ellens dritter Gesang” , also known as Schubert's "Ave Maria").

In astronomy

Asteroid (540) Rosamund is named after Franz Schubert's musical play Rosamund (English) Russian , opened in 1904.

Notes

Now part of Alsergrund, Vienna's 9th district.
Schubert Franz. Collier's Encyclopedia. - Open Society. 2000.. Archived from the original on May 31, 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2012.
Walther Dürr, Andreas Krause (Hrsg.): Schubert Handbuch, Bärenreiter/Metzler, Kassel u.a. bzw. Stuttgart u.a., 2. Aufl. 2007, S. 68, ISBN 978-3-7618-2041-4
Dietmar Grieser: Der Onkel aus Preßburg. Auf österreichischen Spuren durch die Slowakei, Amalthea-Verlag, Wien 2009, ISBN 978-3-85002-684-0, S. 184
Andreas Otte, Konrad Wink. Kerners Krankheiten großer Musiker. - Schattauer, Stuttgart/New York, 6. Aufl. 2008, S. 169, ISBN 978-3-7945-2601-7
Kreissle von Hellborn, Heinrich (1865). Franz Schubert, pp. 297-332
Gibbs, Christopher H. (2000). The Life Of Schubert. Cambridge University Press, pp. 61-62, ISBN 0-521-59512-6
For example, Kreisl, on page 324, describes the interest in Schubert's work in the 1860s, and Gibbs, on pages 250–251, describes the scale of the celebrations for the composer's centenary in 1897.
Liszt, Franz; Suttoni, Charles (translator, contributor) (1989). An Artist's Journey: Lettres D'un Bachelier ès Musique, 1835-1841. University of Chicago Press, p. 144. ISBN 0-226-48510-2
Newbould, Brian (1999). Schubert: The Music and the Man. University of California Press, pp. 403-404. ISBN 0-520-21957-0
V. Galatskaya. Franz Schubert // Musical literature foreign countries. Vol. III. - M.: Music. 1983. - P. 155
V. Galatskaya. Franz Schubert // Musical literature of foreign countries. Vol. III. - M.: Music. 1983. - P. 212

Literature

Glazunov A.K. Franz Schubert. App.: Ossovsky A.V. Chronograph, list of works and bibliogr. F. Schubert. - M.: Academia, 1928. - 48 p.
Memories of Franz Schubert. Comp., translation, preface. and note Yu. N. Khokhlova. - M., 1964.
The life of Franz Schubert in documents. Comp. Yu. N. Khokhlov. - M., 1963.
Konen V. Schubert. Ed. 2nd, add. - M.: Muzgiz, 1959. - 304 p.
Wulfius P. Franz Schubert: Essays on Life and Work. - M.: Music, 1983. - 447 p.
Khokhlov Yu. N."Winter Reise" by Franz Schubert. - M., 1967.
Khokhlov Yu. N. ABOUT last period works of Schubert. - M., 1968.
Khokhlov Yu. N. Schubert. Some problems of creative biography. - M., 1972.
Khokhlov Yu. N. Schubert's songs: Features of style. - M.: Music, 1987. - 302 p.
Khokhlov Yu. N. Strophic song and its development from Gluck to Schubert. - M.: Editorial URSS, 1997.
Khokhlov Yu. N. Piano sonatas by Franz Schubert. - M.: Editorial URSS, 1998. - ISBN 5-901006-55-0.
Khokhlov Yu. N."The Beautiful Miller's Wife" by Franz Schubert. - M.: Editorial URSS, 2002. - ISBN 5-354-00104-8.
Franz Schubert: To the 200th anniversary of his birth: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference. - M.: Prest, 1997. - 126 p. - ISBN 5-86203-073-5.
Franz Schubert: correspondence, notes, diaries, poems. Comp. Yu. N. Khokhlov. - M.: Editorial URSS, 2005.
Franz Schubert and Russian musical culture. Rep. ed. Yu. N. Khokhlov. - M., 2009. - ISBN 978-5-89598-219-8.
Schubert and Schubertianism: Collection of materials from a scientific musicological symposium. Comp. G. I. Ganzburg. - Kharkov, 1994. - 120 p.
Alfred Einstein: Schubert. Ein musikalisches Porträt. - Pan-Verlag, Zürich, 1952.
Peter Gülke: Franz Schubert und seine Zeit. - Laaber-Verlag, Laaber, 2002. - ISBN 3-89007-537-1.
Peter Härtling: Schubert. 12 moments musicaux und ein Roman. - Dtv, Munich, 2003. - ISBN 3-423-13137-3.
Ernst Hilmar: Franz Schubert. - Rowohlt, Reinbek, 2004. - ISBN 3-499-50608-4.
Kreissle. Franz Schubert. - Vienna, 1861.
Von Helborn. Franz Schubert.
Risse. Franz Schubert und seine Lieder. - Hanover, 1871.
Aug. Reissmann. Franz Schubert, sein Leben und seine Werke. - Berlin, 1873.
H. Barbedette. F. Schubert, sa vie, ses oeuvres, son temps. - Paris, 1866.
A. Audley. Franz Schubert, sa vie et ses oeuvres. - P., 1871.

Links

Schubert's Catalog of Works, Unfinished Eighth Symphony

Schubert Franz Peter - an outstanding Austrian composer; founder of early romanticism; creator of nine famous symphonies. Born on January 31, 1797 in Vienna in the family of an ordinary teacher. At first there were fourteen children in the family, but nine of them died at an early age. During his short life, Schubert wrote about 600 song compositions, many of which are relevant to this day. In building own style he drew primarily on the works of Mozart, Gluck, Haydn and Beethoven.

Since childhood, the boy received homemade musical education. In church he learned to play the organ and vocals. Frederick was one of best singers choir of the court chapel. Salieri himself took him as his student, admiring his beautiful voice and musical gift. At about 13 years old he began to write his first symphony. First independent work were written by him in 1814.

By that time he had already been expelled from the choir, as the boy’s voice was breaking. Therefore, young Frederick entered the teachers' seminary, following in his father's footsteps. All yours free time he devoted himself to composing music. The composer's song music was a kind of continuation of Beethoven's style. The year 1815 is considered the most fruitful in his career. During this period he wrote more than a hundred songs, six operas, many symphonies and music for the church.

One of his best songs based on Goethe's poems was written at the end of the same year - “King Earl”. For the cantata “Prometheus” (1816), the composer received his first fee, as it was written to order. Schubert's personal life was unsuccessful. Having met the daughter of a manufacturer, Teresa Grom, who did not stand out in anything remarkable, but loved music very much, young Frederick decided to marry her. However, his income did not allow him to start a family, and Teresa’s mother opposed this marriage.

In 1816, the composer presented to the public a work that brought him long-awaited popularity - “The Forest King”. Subsequently, his famous symphonies appeared one after another. Gradually the composer gained worldwide fame. In the 1820s. he started having health problems. For some time he worked on the estate of Count I. Esterhazy, teaching music to his daughters. The composer spent the last years of his life in Vienna.

He died on November 19, 1828, after a long battle with typhoid fever. The composer has two graves. Initially, in accordance with his last will, he was buried next to his idolized Beethoven at the Wehring cemetery (now Schubert Park), and in 1888 the ashes of both composers were reburied at the Vienna Central Cemetery.

If the work of Beethoven, his older contemporary, was nourished by the revolutionary ideas that permeated the social consciousness of Europe, then the heyday of Schubert's talent occurred in the years of reaction, when for a person the circumstances of his own destiny became more important than the social heroism so vividly embodied by Beethoven's genius.

Schubert's life was spent in Vienna, which, even in the least favorable times for creativity, remained one of the musical capitals of the civilized world. Famous virtuosos performed here, operas by the universally recognized Rossini were staged with great success, and the orchestras of Lanner and Strauss the Father sounded, raising the unprecedented height Viennese waltz. And yet the discrepancy between dreams and reality, so obvious at that time, gave rise to creative people moods of melancholy and disappointment, and the very protest against the inert, self-satisfied philistine life resulted in their escape from reality, into an attempt to create their own world from a narrow circle of friends, true connoisseurs of beauty...

Franz Schubert was born on January 31, 1797 on the outskirts of Vienna. His father was a school teacher - a hardworking and respectable man, who sought to raise his children in accordance with his ideas about the path of life. The eldest sons followed in their father's footsteps, and the same path was prepared for Schubert. But there was also music in the house. On holidays, a circle of amateur musicians gathered here; Franz’s father himself taught him to play the violin, and one of his brothers taught him to play the clavier. The church regent taught Franz music theory, and he also taught the boy how to play the organ.

It soon became clear to those around him that in front of them was an unusually gifted child. When Schubert was 11 years old, he was sent to a church singing school - konvikt. It had its own student orchestra, where Schubert soon began playing the first violin part, and sometimes even conducting.

In 1810, Schubert wrote his first composition. The passion for music embraced him more and more and gradually crowded out all other interests. He was oppressed by the need to study something that was far from music, and after five years, without finishing the convict, Schubert left it. This led to a deterioration in relations with his father, who was still trying to guide his son “on the right path.” Yielding to him, Franz entered the teachers' seminary, and then acted as an assistant teacher at his father's school. But the father’s intentions to make his son a teacher with a reliable income were never destined to come true. Schubert entered the most intense period of his work (1814-1817), without hearing his father's warnings. By the end of this period, he was already the author of five symphonies, seven sonatas and three hundred songs, among which there are such as “Margarita at the Spinning Wheel”, “The Forest King”, “Trout”, “The Wanderer” - they are known and sung. It seems to him that the world is about to open its friendly arms to him, and he decides to take the extreme step of quitting his service. In response, the indignant father leaves him without any means of support and essentially breaks off relations with him.

For several years, Schubert had to live with his friends - among them there are also composers, there is an artist, a poet, and a singer. A close circle of people close to each other is formed - Schubert becomes its soul. He was short, stocky, short-sighted, shy and distinguished by extraordinary charm. The famous “Schubertiads” date back to this time - evenings devoted exclusively to the music of Schubert, when he did not leave the piano, composing music right there on the go... He creates every day, hourly, without fatigue and stopping, as if he knows that He didn't have much time left... The music didn't leave him even in his sleep - and he jumped up in the middle of the night to write it down on scraps of paper. In order not to look for glasses every time, he did not part with them.

But no matter how hard his friends tried to help him, these were years of desperate struggle for existence, life in unheated rooms, hated lessons that he had to give for the sake of meager earnings... Poverty did not allow him to marry his beloved girl, who preferred a rich pastry chef to him. .

In 1822, Schubert wrote one of his best works - the seventh "Unfinished Symphony", and in the next - a masterpiece of vocal lyrics, a cycle of 20 songs "The Beautiful Miller's Wife". It was in these works that a new direction in music - romanticism - was expressed with exhaustive completeness.

Best of the day

At this time, thanks to the efforts of friends, Schubert made peace with his father and returned to his family. But the family idyll was short-lived - after two years, Schubert left again to live separately, despite his complete impracticality in everyday life. Trusting and naive, he often became a victim of his publishers, who profited from him. Author huge amount writing works, and in particular songs, which during his lifetime became popular in burgher circles, he barely made ends meet. If Mozart, Beethoven, Liszt, Chopin, as excellent performing musicians, greatly contributed to the growth of the popularity of their works, then Schubert was not a virtuoso and only dared to act as an accompanist for his songs. And there is nothing to say about the symphonies - not a single one of them was ever performed during the composer’s lifetime. Moreover, both the seventh and eighth symphonies were lost. The eighth score was found by Robert Schumann ten years after the composer’s death, and the famous “Unfinished” was first performed only in 1865.

More and more, Schubert plunged into despair and loneliness: the circle fell apart, his friends became family people with a position in society, and only Schubert remained naively faithful to the ideals of his youth, which had already passed. He was timid and did not know how to ask, but at the same time he did not want to humiliate himself in front of influential people - several places that he had the right to count on and that would provide him comfortable existence, were eventually given to other musicians. “What will happen to me...” he wrote, “in my old age, perhaps, like Goethe’s harpist, I will have to go from door to door and beg for bread...”. He did not know that he would not grow old. Schubert's second song cycle, Winterreise, is the pain of unfulfilled hopes and lost illusions.

In the last years of his life he was ill a lot and was in poverty, but his creative activity did not weaken. Quite the contrary - his music becomes deeper, larger and more expressive, whether we are talking about his piano sonatas, string quartets, the eighth symphony or songs.

And yet, even if only once, he found out what it was real success. In 1828, his friends organized a concert of his works in Vienna, which exceeded all expectations. Schubert is again full of daring plans, he is working intensively on new works. But there are several months left before death - Schubert falls ill with typhus. The body, weakened by years of need, cannot resist, and on November 19, 1828, Franz Schubert dies. His property is valued at pennies.

Schubert was buried in the Vienna cemetery, with the inscription engraved on the modest monument:

Death buried a rich treasure here,

But even more wonderful hopes.

He said: “Never ask for anything! Never and nothing, and especially among those who are stronger than you. They will offer and give everything themselves!”

This quote from the immortal work “The Master and Margarita” characterizes the life of the Austrian composer Franz Schubert, familiar to most from the song “Ave Maria” (“Ellen’s Third Song”).

During his life, he did not strive for fame. Although the Austrian’s works were distributed from all salons in Vienna, Schubert lived extremely meagerly. Once the writer hung his coat on the balcony with the pockets turned inside out. This gesture was addressed to creditors and meant that there was nothing more to take from Schubert. Having known the sweetness of fame only fleetingly, Franz died at the age of 31. But centuries later, this musical genius became recognized not only in his homeland, but throughout the world: Schubert’s creative legacy is immense, he composed about a thousand works: songs, waltzes, sonatas, serenades and other compositions.

Childhood and adolescence

Franz Peter Schubert was born in Austria, near the picturesque city of Vienna. The gifted boy grew up in an ordinary poor family: his father, schoolteacher Franz Theodor, came from a peasant family, and his mother, cook Elisabeth (née Fitz), was the daughter of a repairman from Silesia. In addition to Franz, the couple raised four more children (out of 14 children born, 9 died in infancy).

It is not surprising that the future maestro showed an early love for sheet music, because music was constantly flowing in his house: Schubert the elder loved to play the violin and cello as an amateur, and Franz’s brother was fond of the piano and clavier. Franz the Younger was surrounded by a delightful world of melodies, as the hospitable Schubert family often received guests, organizing musical evenings.

Noticing the talent of their son, who at the age of seven played music on the keyboard without studying notes, the parents sent Franz to the Lichtenthal parochial school, where the boy tried to master playing the organ, and M. Holzer taught young Schubert the vocal art, which he mastered brilliantly.

When the future composer turned 11 years old, he was accepted as a chorister into the court chapel located in Vienna, and was also enrolled in the Konvikt boarding school, where he acquired best friends. At the educational institution, Schubert zealously learned the basics of music, but the boy was not good at mathematics and the Latin language.

It is worth saying that no one doubted the talent of the young Austrian. Wenzel Ruzicka, who taught Franz the bass voice of polyphonic musical composition, once stated:

“I have nothing to teach him! He already knows everything from the Lord God.”

And in 1808, to the delight of his parents, Schubert was accepted into the imperial choir. When the boy was 13 years old, he independently wrote his first serious musical composition, and after 2 years the recognized composer Antonio Salieri began working with the young man, who did not even take any monetary compensation from the young Franz.

Music

When Schubert's sonorous, boyish voice began to break, the young composer was understandably forced to leave Konvikt. Franz's father dreamed that he would enter a teacher's seminary and follow in his footsteps. Schubert could not resist the will of his parent, so after graduation he began working at a school where he taught the alphabet junior classes.

However, a man whose life was a passion for music did not like the noble work of teaching. Therefore, between lessons, which aroused nothing but contempt in Franz, he sat down at the table and composed works, and also studied the works of Gluck.

In 1814 he wrote the opera Satan's Pleasure Castle and a mass in F major. And by the age of 20, Schubert had become the author of at least five symphonies, seven sonatas and three hundred songs. Music did not leave Schubert’s thoughts for a minute: the talented composer woke up even in the middle of the night in order to have time to record the melody that sounded in his sleep.

In his free time from work, the Austrian organized musical evenings: acquaintances and close friends appeared in the house of Schubert, who did not leave the piano and often improvised.

In the spring of 1816, Franz tried to get a job as the director of the choir chapel, but his plans were not destined to come true. Soon, thanks to friends, Schubert met the famous Austrian baritone Johann Fogal.

It was this singer of romances who helped Schubert establish himself in life: he performed songs to the accompaniment of Franz in the music salons of Vienna.

But it cannot be said that the Austrian mastered the keyboard instrument as masterfully as, for example, Beethoven. He did not always make the right impression on the listening public, so Fogal received the attention of the audience at his performances.

Franz Schubert composes music in nature

In 1817, Franz became the author of the music for the song “Trout” based on the words of his namesake Christian Schubert. The composer also became famous thanks to the music for the famous ballad of the German writer “The Forest King,” and in the winter of 1818, Franz’s work “Erlafsee” was published by the publishing house, although before Schubert’s fame, the editors constantly found an excuse to refuse the young performer.

It is worth noting that during the years of peak popularity, Franz acquired profitable acquaintances. So, his comrades (writer Bauernfeld, composer Hüttenbrenner, artist Schwind and other friends) helped the musician with money.

When Schubert was finally convinced of his calling, he left his job at the school in 1818. But his father did not like his son’s spontaneous decision, so he deprived his now adult child of financial assistance. Because of this, Franz had to ask friends for a place to sleep.

Fortune in the composer's life was very changeable. The opera Alfonso and Estrella, based on Schober's composition, which Franz considered his success, was rejected. In this regard, Schubert's financial situation worsened. Also in 1822, the composer contracted an illness that undermined his health. In mid-summer, Franz moved to Zeliz, where he settled on the estate of Count Johann Esterhazy. There Schubert taught music lessons to his children.

In 1823, Schubert became an honorary member of the Styrian and Linz Musical Unions. In the same year, the musician composed the song cycle “The Beautiful Miller's Wife” based on the words of the romantic poet Wilhelm Müller. These songs tell about a young man who went in search of happiness.

But happiness young man was love: when he saw the miller's daughter, Cupid's arrow rushed into his heart. But the beloved drew attention to his rival, a young hunter, so the joyful and sublime feeling the traveler's grief soon turned into desperate grief.

After the tremendous success of The Beautiful Miller's Wife in the winter and autumn of 1827, Schubert worked on another cycle called Winterreise. The music written to Müller's words is characterized by pessimism. Franz himself called his brainchild “a wreath of creepy songs.” It is noteworthy that Schubert wrote such gloomy compositions about unrequited love shortly before own death.

Franz's biography indicates that at times he had to live in dilapidated attics, where, with the light of a burning torch, he composed great works on scraps of greasy paper. The composer was extremely poor, but he did not want to exist on the financial help of friends.

“What will happen to me...” wrote Schubert, “I will probably have to go from door to door in my old age, like Goethe’s harpist, begging for bread.”

But Franz could not even imagine that he would not grow old. When the musician was on the verge of despair, the goddess of fate smiled at him again: in 1828, Schubert was elected a member of the Vienna Society of Friends of Music, and on March 26, the composer gave his first concert. The performance was triumphant, and the hall was bursting with loud applause. On this day Franz first and last time in my life I learned what real success is.

Personal life

In life great composer was very timid and shy. Therefore, many of the writer’s circle profited from his gullibility. Franz's financial situation became a stumbling block on the path to happiness, because his beloved chose a rich groom.

Schubert's love was called Teresa Gorb. Franz met this person while in the church choir. It is worth noting that the fair-haired girl was not known as a beauty, but, on the contrary, had an ordinary appearance: her pale face was “decorated” by smallpox marks, and her eyelids “flaunted” sparse and white eyelashes.

But it was not Schubert’s appearance that attracted him in choosing a lady of his heart. He was flattered that Teresa listened to music with awe and inspiration, and at these moments her face took on a ruddy appearance and happiness shone in her eyes.

But, since the girl was raised without a father, her mother insisted that she choose the latter between love and money. Therefore, Gorb married a wealthy pastry chef.

Other information about Schubert's personal life is very scarce. According to rumors, the composer was infected with syphilis in 1822, an incurable disease at that time. Based on this, it can be assumed that Franz did not disdain visiting brothels.

Death

In the autumn of 1828, Franz Schubert was tormented by a two-week fever caused by an infectious intestinal disease - typhoid fever. November 19 at age 32 less than a year old the great composer died.

The Austrian (in accordance with his last wish) was buried at the Wehring cemetery next to the grave of his idol, Beethoven.

With the proceeds from the triumphal concert, which took place in 1828, Franz Schubert purchased a piano.
In the fall of 1822, the composer wrote “Symphony No. 8,” which went down in history as the “Unfinished Symphony.” The fact is that Franz first created this work in the form of a sketch, and then in the score. But for some unknown reason, Schubert never finished working on his brainchild. According to rumors, the remaining parts of the manuscript were lost and were kept by friends of the Austrian.

Some people mistakenly attribute to Schubert the authorship of the title of the impromptu play. But the phrase “Musical Moment” was invented by the publisher Leydesdorff.
Schubert adored Goethe. The musician dreamed of getting to know this better famous writer, however, his dream was not destined to come true.
Schubert's major C major symphony was found 10 years after his death.

The asteroid, which was discovered in 1904, was named after Franz's play Rosamund.
After the composer's death, a mass of unpublished manuscripts remained. For a long time people did not know what Schubert composed.

Discography

Songs (over 600 in total)

Cycle “The Beautiful Miller's Wife” (1823)
Cycle "Winter Reise" (1827)
Collection "Swan Song" (1827-1828, posthumous)
About 70 songs based on Goethe's texts
About 50 songs based on Schiller's texts

Symphonies

First D major (1813)
Second B major (1815)
Third D major (1815)
Fourth C minor “Tragic” (1816)
Fifth B major (1816)
Sixth C major (1818)

Quartets (22 in total)

Quartet B major op. 168 (1814)
Quartet g minor (1815)
Quartet a minor op. 29 (1824)
Quartet in d minor (1824-1826)
Quartet G major op. 161 (1826)

Franz Peter Schubert was a representative of the movement musical romanticism in Austria. In his works there was a longing for a bright ideal, which was so lacking in real life. Schubert's music, heartfelt and soulful, took a lot from the traditional folk art. His works are distinguished by melody and harmony, and a special emotional mood.

Franz Peter Schubert was a representative of the movement of musical romanticism in Austria. His works sounded a longing for a bright ideal, which was so lacking in real life. Schubert's music, heartfelt and soulful, took a lot from traditional folk art. His works are distinguished by melody and harmony, and a special emotional mood.

Schubert was born on January 31, 1797, into a family Franz Theodor Schubert – school teacher and an amateur cellist. The boy fell in love with music from an early age and easily mastered musical instruments. Young Schubert sang beautifully - he had an excellent voice as a child - so in 1808 he was accepted into the Imperial Chapel. He received his general education at the Konvikt boarding school. In the school orchestra, Schubert was second violin, but Latin and mathematics were not easy for him.

Schubert was expelled from the choir as a teenager. In 1810, Schubert began writing music. Over the course of 3 years, he composed several pieces for piano, a symphony and even an opera. The famous man himself became interested in the young talent Salieri. (He studied composition with Schubert in the period 1812-17.)

Since 1813, Schubert taught at school. That year he composed his first famous masterpiece– the song Gretchen am Spinnrade (“Gretchen at the spinning wheel”) based on Goethe’s poems.

In 1815–16 Schubert wrote many works: more than one and a half hundred songs, several instrumental quartets and symphonies, four operettas, two masses. In 1816, his famous Fifth Symphony in B flat major, the songs “The Forest King” and “The Wanderer” were written.

The composer was lucky enough to meet the famous baritone singer M. Foglem. Vogl began performing Schubert's songs, and they soon gained popularity in all Viennese salons.

In the summer of 1818, Schubert left school and went to the residence of the famous art connoisseur and philanthropist - Count Johanna Esterhazy. There he taught and continued to write music. During this period the Sixth Symphony was created. Returning to Vienna, the composer received a lucrative order for the operetta “The Twin Brothers”. Premiere musical performance took place in 1820 - it was successful.

The next two years were difficult financially for the composer. He did not know how to achieve the favor of patrons and did not want to. In 1822, he completed work on the opera Alfonso and Estrella, but it was never staged.

During 1823, the composer was plagued by serious illnesses. Despite his physical weakness, he wrote two more operas. These works also did not see the stage. The composer did not lose heart and continued to create. The music for the play Rosamund and the song cycle called “The Beautiful Miller's Wife” were well received by the audience. Schubert again went to teach with the Esterhazy family and there, in the princely country residence, he slightly improved his health.

In 1825, the composer toured extensively with Vogl in Austria. At this time, a vocal cycle was written based on Scott's words, which included the famous ode "Ave Maria".

Schubert's songs and vocal cycles were known and popular in Austria - both among the noble public and among common people. At that time, many private houses hosted evenings dedicated exclusively to the composer’s works – the Schubertiades. In 1827, the composer created the famous cycle “Winter Retreat”.

The composer's health, meanwhile, was getting worse. In 1828 he felt signs of another serious illness. Instead of paying attention to his health, Schubert feverishly continued to work. At this time, the composer’s main masterpieces saw the light: the famous “Symphony in C major”, the quintet “in C major” for string instruments, three piano sonatas and a vocal cycle with symbolic name"Swan Song". (This cycle was published and performed after the composer's death).

Not all publishers agreed to publish Schubert's works; it happened that they paid him unreasonably little. He did not give up and worked until his last days.

Schubert died on November 19, 1828. The cause of death was typhus - the composer’s body, weakened by hard work, was unable to cope with the disease. He was buried next to Beethoven, but subsequently the ashes were transferred to the central cemetery of Vienna.

The composer lived only 31 years, but his contribution to the musical heritage of the 19th century is enormous. He created a lot in the song-romance genre; he wrote about 650 songs. At that time, German poetry was flourishing - it became the source of his inspiration. Schubert took poetic texts and, with the help of music, gave them their own context, a new meaning. His songs were characterized by a direct impact on listeners - they became not observers, but participants in the plot of the musical composition.

Schubert managed to do a lot not only in the song, but also in the orchestral genre. His symphonies introduce listeners to a new, original music world, far from classical XIX style century. All his orchestral works are distinguished by the brightness of emotions, enormous power impact.

Harmonious inner world Schubert is reflected in his chamber works. The composer often wrote pieces to be performed four hands, intended for “home” use. His trios, quartets, and quintets captivate with their frankness and emotional openness. This was Schubert - he had nothing to hide from his listener.

Schubert's piano sonatas are second only to Beethoven's in their emotional intensity and mastery. They combine traditional song and dance forms with classical musical techniques.

All of Schubert's works are imbued with the charm of his beloved city - old Vienna. During his life, he did not always have it easy, and Vienna did not always appreciate his talent. After his death, many unpublished manuscripts remained. Musicians and critics, friends, and relatives of the composer made a lot of efforts to find, embody and publish a significant number of his works. The popularization of this wonderful music continued for a century. It led to worldwide recognition musical genius– Franz Peter Schubert.

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Piano Sonata - Moderato

Piano Sonata - Andante

Piano Sonata - Menuetto

Piano Sonata - Allegretto