Does everything that doesn't kill us make us stronger? What doesn't kill us makes us stronger

People inspire us to difficult situations, you can decorate your speech with them, use them in correspondence, on your page in social networks. Some people choose a quote they especially like as their motto, while others get a tattoo with it. One of the favorite phrases of many is “What does not kill us makes us stronger.” Let's get acquainted with its author, original, meaning and other interesting details.

Who said: “What doesn’t kill us makes us stronger?” Meaning

By catchphrase There was a very controversial thinker Friedrich Nietzsche. The quote is understood in different meanings, but the essence of the interpretation is the same: only by overcoming significant difficulties, and even troubles, and experiencing grief, will a person become a truly spiritually strong person.

The phrase, however, was taken out of context. Nietzsche did not want to put a romantic, motivational meaning into it and somehow urge his followers not to be afraid of life’s adversities. These words are connected with his doctrine of the superman.

Quote in original

Friedrich Nietzsche, as we know, was German. Therefore, it will be interesting to determine how “What does not kill us makes us stronger” sounds in the author’s native language.

Was mich nicht umbringt, macht mich stärker - this is what this quote will look like in German.

Superman Nietzsche

Friedrich Nietzsche devoted a lot of time to exploring the limits of human capabilities. And he believed that it was the superman who could go beyond these boundaries to become who he is. Let us note that Nietzsche characterized superhumans with a rather large list of qualities, where going beyond the limits of emotional forces was just one of the points.

You can learn more about this topic by reading the work “Thus Spoke Zarathustra.” Superman (Übermensch) in Nietzsche is the image with which he denoted a being who would so surpass in spiritual power modern people how superior we are to the apes. According to the scientist's hypothesis, Übermensch is the next evolutionary step that will follow man.

However, F. Nietzsche noted that superhumans are already among us, moreover, they were born a long time ago. He included Julius Caesar, C. Borgia, and Napoleon into this category.

About the author

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher, thinker, philologist, poet, and composer. In addition, he is known to the world as the creator of an original philosophical movement.

If we look at the leitmotif of Nietzsche's works, we note his new criteria for assessing all surrounding reality. He questioned all the principles and forms of morality, culture, art, and social relations existing in his era.

His most famous works are “Thus Spoke Zarathustra”, “Beyond Good and Evil”, “Twilight of the Idols”, “Antichrist”, Ecce Homo.

Nietzsche and aphorism

It is no secret that the thinker’s teachings are divided into quotes. The reason is that, being a philologist by training, Nietzsche paid great value style of expressing your thoughts and views. They are not presented in a coherent system, but act as aphorisms - a laconic short statement, a fully completed thought. In this phrase, the author tries to maximally concentrate the essence of his judgments and reflect the context of the expression.

Of course, Nietzsche did not choose this style of presentation in order to become famous for quoting his words. He spent a lot of time on long walks, and it was also difficult for him to sit for a long time over notes - the thinker began to experience severe pain in his eyes. This is in particular why he chose such a short and succinct form of narration and reasoning.

How to understand the phrase?

Each of us is free to look for our own meaning in the phrase “What does not kill us makes us stronger.” But still, let's see how other people understand it:

• “There is no need to be afraid of difficulties and trials, or to become sour if failure occurs. We need all this to strengthen our character.”
• “We cannot try to avoid problems, we must not be afraid to face them. Only then, having overcome them, will we gain invaluable life experience.”
• “If you feel bad now, it’s temporary. You will definitely go through the test, transformed, becoming stronger.”
• “To understand something, to achieve something, you need to overcome obstacles, disappointments, pain. Only this will make you a spiritually strong person.”
• “A person needs a negative experience in order to understand and rethink something. Only personal experience of any difficulty can leave an imprint on personality, character, and worldview.”
• “There are difficulties and obstacles that can crush a person morally - the death of a loved one, the loss of everything he cherished, the collapse of his ideals, faith, love. But if he copes with himself, finds the strength to move on, live and rejoice, this will be his victory. He became strong."

Is Nietzsche wrong?

• “The more difficulties a person experiences, the more indifferent and callous he becomes. But, is he stronger?”
• “When a person encounters something that can kill him, spiritually or physically, he needs to become cruel in order to defeat it, not to allow himself to be overcome. So it is more correct to say: what does not kill us makes us cruel.”
• “Not all the difficulties and troubles that a person encounters will necessarily make him strong. Something will deprive him of faith in people, kindness, gullibility, faith in a happy future. And some difficulties can actually drive him crazy.”
• “Constantly repeating misfortunes lead to neuroses, fears, depression, phobias. They make a person more embittered, more desperate, but hardly stronger.”
• “The phrase is applicable only to mental trials. A person will not be made stronger by a cancerous tumor that he managed to overcome, or by a serious injury that crippled his health but did not kill him.”
• “From this phrase it follows that everyone will someday encounter a test that they cannot cope with, and it will kill them. Not a very optimistic quote.”

What doesn't kill us makes us stronger?

The authority of Friedrich Nietzsche, as well as the words of his authorship, are so convincing that many take what he says on faith. And they continue to live by the principle: the more difficulties I go through, the stronger I will be as a person. But is this true?

Surely you will be interested in an interesting study conducted by a team of scientists from the University of California (USA) led by S. Charles. Experts, of course, did not try to check exactly the relevance of the brilliant phrase “What does not kill us makes us stronger,” but decided to prove the fact that negative experience does not lead to good consequences.

In 1995, psychologist D. Almeida (USA, Pennsylvania) conducted an extensive survey in which 1,483 respondents of different ages, men and women, took part. They were asked to rate on a 5-point scale (from “never” to “always”) how often over the past month they experienced negative states: they felt unhappy, useless, nervous. People also had to note how many times they felt depressed, the feeling that nothing was working out, that the whole world was against them.

In another part of the test, the respondent noted whether he was stressed the day before participating in the survey. The last part of the questionnaire included questions about whether the participant had ever been treated for emotional disorders, prolonged depression, etc.

Ten years later, D. Almeida again tried to contact the respondents. However, some were no longer alive by that time, and some did not want to take the survey again. As a result, 711 people passed the second test. The questions in the questionnaire were the same.

A group of scientists led by S. Charles analyzed the results of D. Almeida's research. What this activity showed fundamentally negated the phrase “What doesn’t kill us makes us stronger!” It turns out that the more often a person ten years ago felt unwanted, abandoned, useless, fell into depression and was in stressful situations, the more likely it is that he currently has a serious mental disorder.

Of course, this tendency is individual. Some people are strengthened by difficulties, while others are destroyed morally. But one cannot deny the fact that life’s troubles, weak or strong, can not only strengthen the psyche, but also greatly weaken it. Therefore, Nietzsche’s phrase “What does not kill us makes us stronger” is not relevant for everyone.

Other quotes from the author

Let us present you with even less famous aphorisms Friedrich Nietzsche, but just as interesting, inspiring and meaningful:

• "Superficial people always lie. After all, they are devoid of any content."
• “I don’t understand why slander? If you want to annoy someone, tell some truth about him.”
• "Winners don't believe in coincidences."
• "The herd is not attractive in any way. Even if it follows you."
• “He who is poor in love will be stingy even with politeness.”
• "A good marriage is built on friendship and talent."
• "Duty is the right of others to us."
• “There is a danger of being hit by a carriage for a person who has jumped out from under another carriage.”
• "A man is what he has overcome."
• "Excessiveness is the best guarantee of success."

So we got to know both the phrase itself and its author better. Although it is not known in the deep sense that Nietzsche put into it, the quote is very widespread and causes a lot of controversy and reasoning.

These wonderful words were once said by Friedrich Nietzsche, and in new article I really want to look at this phrase from a psychological point of view. What doesn't kill us? Probably something difficult, painful, catastrophic, which brings enormous frustration, but at the same time leaves us physically fully functioning. Why is this something that “makes us stronger”? Oddly enough, it is the negative situations in to a greater extent how positive ones lead to a very serious leap in a person’s mental development and can provoke significant changes in his worldview. There are cases where unexpected difficult events changed the course of people's lives. For example, a person lives by inertia, almost without thinking, every day is similar to the previous one, and everything is fine, but suddenly - an accident, he miraculously avoids death in a terrible accident. Such a global shaking of the entire system can lead to questions about the meaning of life, true desires and much more. As a result, thoughts can lead to interesting changes when people change their lifestyle, vocation, and value priorities. But of course, at a time when it is painful, difficult, scary, we are unlikely to think about the prospects for positive changes.
You can note that for each person this “does not kill” is completely different - for some it is a serious illness, for others it is failure at work, for others it is a scratch on the car. Everyone has their own threshold of sensitivity - some cannot tolerate injections, while others can withstand surgery without anesthesia; this is an example from physical manifestations. What about spiritual ones? Why are we sensitive to one and insensitive to another, why is one difficult situation makes us depressed, but we cope with the other easily? The fact is that every person has “ pain points“, they can be especially obvious if the reaction to the situation is disproportionately greater than the reason is worth. For example, you call a person, and he replies that he cannot talk yet and quickly hangs up - and you feel offended; or you were late for a meeting with a person, and he regarded this as an insult and made a scandal with you, etc. There are a lot of such examples, and we often ourselves do not notice this disproportion, the inconsistency of the reaction to the situation. For one, it would seem that nothing terrible happened, but for the other, it was a whole tragedy. Why is this so? It's all about the structure of our personality, character, attitudes. In moments when we are mentally hard, even though we understand with our minds that the reason is almost insignificant and even trivial, it is worth thinking about what inside is preventing us from experiencing this event on a more optimistic wave? This does not mean that you need to pretend that everything is fine, on the contrary, if you, for example, feel offended, you should cry and get consolation. It’s better not to suppress your feelings, because this will require a lot of strength and energy. But you can try to understand why you feel so bad, painful and painful.
Exercise: Remember a similar event in life and try to “get involved” in the sensations, in that state. What does your body feel, what are your thoughts, experiences, associations, events from past experiences with similar sensations, what do you remember? Try to sit down and reflect all this on a piece of paper or talk out what is tormenting you. Let go for a while of the voice of reason that says that all this is nonsense and you are worrying in vain.
By engaging in your experience, you can learn quite a lot about yourself if you are open to your feelings.

Probably everyone is familiar with the expression: “Everything that cannot kill us makes us stronger.” And I want to believe that failures strengthen us, and victories force us to move on. Let's figure out what makes us stronger.

Formula for fortitude

First, let's define what it means to be morally strong man. Firstly, he steadfastly overcomes all the difficulties that fate has prepared. Secondly, he knows how to control himself and, in any situation, goes to achieve his goals.

Victories and defeats

As we wrote above, the strength of our spirit directly depends on success and failure. When faced with blows of fate, it is very important to be able to analyze your mistakes and try to avoid them in the future. Defeat always sets a person back, and the faster he can get back on his feet and move forward, the stronger he is.

Success inspires us and gives us faith in ourselves and our strength. Victory should drive you forward. Many people who were lucky stopped and began to mark time when they had to move forward with double strength so that a little luck would grow into a huge success.

Moral qualities

Of course, strength of spirit can be cultivated in oneself, thanks to moral qualities. You need to have not only diligence and patience, but also be open, honest, and decisive. Our will will help us form all the necessary moral qualities in ourselves. Let's look at what strong-willed qualities you need to develop in yourself.

1. Initiative. This is the ability to voluntarily and independently decide on one’s affairs or implement new ideas. If necessary, you need to be able to involve strangers for help.
2. Determination. The ability to set goals and go towards their implementation. In the article we will also touch on factors that influence the implementation of our plans.
3. Determination. It is important not only to make decisions, but also to follow them through.
4. Patience. This is the ability to accept reality, thereby affecting your comfort zone.
5. Perseverance. The ability to withstand failure and remain committed to a goal.
6. Discipline. This is compliance with norms of behavior.
7. Self-control. This is control of your feelings, speech and behavior. The ability to retain negative emotions is important.

How to become strong

• Get busy physical activity. Choose the sport that you like and enjoy it. Gradually you can move on to more complex loads that are difficult. By overcoming this kind of difficulty, you strengthen your body and spirit;
• Improve yourself. If you are strong in a particular area, read as many books on that topic as possible. Participate in discussions, seminars, conferences. If there is no area where you can boast of knowledge, then just take the time to read and gain useful information, thereby expanding your horizons. This also applies to sports; you can set yourself a goal - to become a candidate for master of sports or to achieve certain heights. Choose an area in which you want to excel - sports, music, dance, science and study, study, study;
• Set yourself a goal in life and go towards its implementation. It’s better to start small and take small steps towards your cherished goal, or maybe the goal of your whole life. After all, everyone knows: “If you really want to, you can fly into space”;
• Be prepared to change your habits and principles for the sake of your goal. Learn to overcome laziness. To achieve your goal, set tasks and solve them;
• Try to be concentrated. Don't spread yourself thin on several goals or tasks at once. Start with one, gradually increasing your needs. Concentration will help strengthen your spirit;
• Try to plan your day. It will be much easier for you if you know what awaits you tomorrow. This will not only make your life easier, but will also give you confidence;
• Know how to say “no” to your weaknesses. It will be some kind of struggle with yourself. For example, do not eat after 18 pm or give up cigarettes;
• Be patient. Not everything may turn out the way you planned right away;
• Learn to deal with failure. Believe that after defeat there will be victory, and continue to work on yourself;
• Try to fight your fears;
• Don't waste time feeling sorry for yourself, regretting the past. Spend it analyzing your actions and results;
• Don't be afraid of change. Know how to take risks. This will help you discover your best qualities;
• Don't envy the success of others;
• Don't be afraid of loneliness. Instead, use it to reflect on your present and plan for your future.

By adhering to these principles, you will build character and learn to make good decisions.

When a “dark streak” begins in life, many become depressed, thereby further aggravating the current situation. By submitting to circumstances, they seem to admit in advance that they have lost. And they don’t even try to find a way out, deciding that nothing can be done anyway. Such thoughts are the first sign of weakness. You need to fight in any case, no matter what trials life has in store.

You don’t need to set yourself up for the bad, but you also shouldn’t expect only gifts from life. Any circumstances should be perceived as an experience, which shapes the attitude towards the surrounding reality.

You should not count on the help and support of loved ones. Yes, when there are sympathetic people around, it is easier to survive troubles. But, on the other hand, this is also a step back. Support and words of consolation very often give rise to feelings of self-pity. They rarely motivate decisive action. The words of loved ones have a calming effect, and there is a desire to come to terms with the situation rather than overcome it. This is why it is often more useful to try to sort out problems yourself. Of course, you shouldn’t refuse help. But also count on her, accusing others of indifference. Perhaps the self-removal of loved ones from solving your problems is the first step towards starting a new, brighter and richer life, which you will manage yourself.

Don't blame yourself for all your problems. Self-examination is the first step to deep depression. It is better to direct your energy to finding a way out of the current unpleasant situation.

Why life's difficulties make people stronger

Not everyone who has experienced unpleasant events is able to become stronger. Many people “break down” and start drinking alcohol to forget themselves. This is the way to the bottom. Intoxication only temporarily relieves problems and makes you stop thinking about them. But it doesn't solve them. Troubles accumulate, “wind up” on each other, and every day it becomes more and more difficult to find a way out. That is why you need to deal with difficult circumstances as soon as they appear. Think about solving problems, look for ways to overcome them, and not hide from them. Only such behavior can transform a person into a strong, integral personality. And the sooner this happens, the easier it will be to live on. Small troubles that previously seemed insoluble will simply cease to be noticed. And major problems will be perceived not as tragedies, but as another way to express one’s best qualities and gain new experience.

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche ( Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche; - ) - , representative . He subjected to sharp, and his time and developed own theory. Nietzsche was a literary rather than an academic philosopher, and his writings are of character. Nietzsche's philosophy had a great influence on the formation of and, and also became very popular in literary circles. The interpretation of his works is quite difficult and still causes a lot of controversy.

Biography

Philosophy

Nietzsche's philosophy is not organized into a system. Nietzsche considered the “will to the system” to be unconscionable. His research covers all possible issues of philosophy, religion, ethics, psychology, sociology, etc. Inheriting thought, Nietzsche contrasts his philosophy classical tradition rationality, questioning and questioning all the “evidences” of reason. Nietzsche’s greatest interest is in questions of morality, “the revaluation of all values.” Nietzsche was one of the first to question the unity of the subject, the causality of the will, truth as the single basis of the world, and the possibility of rational justification of actions. His metaphorical, aphoristic presentation of his views earned him fame as a great stylist. However, for Nietzsche, an aphorism is not just a style, but a philosophical attitude - not to give final answers, but to create tension in thought, to enable the reader himself to “resolve” the emerging paradoxes of thought.

Nietzsche specifies Schopenhauer's "will to live" as the "will to power", since life is nothing more than the desire to expand one's power. However, Nietzsche criticizes Schopenhauer for his negative attitude towards life. Considering the entire culture of mankind as the way in which a person adapts to life, Nietzsche proceeds from the primacy of self-affirmation of life, its excess and completeness. In this sense, every religion and philosophy should glorify life in all its manifestations, and everything that denies life and its self-affirmation is worthy of death. Nietzsche considered Christianity to be such a great negation of life. Nietzsche was the first to declare that “there are no moral phenomena, there are only moral interpretations of phenomena,” thereby challenging all moral propositions. According to Nietzsche, healthy morality must glorify and strengthen life, its will to power. Any other morality is decadent, a symptom of illness, decadence. Humanity instinctively uses morality to achieve its goal - the goal of expanding its power. The question is not whether morality is true, but whether it serves its purpose. We observe such a “pragmatic” formulation of the question in Nietzsche in relation to philosophy and culture in general. Nietzsche advocates for the arrival of such “free minds” who will set themselves conscious goals of “improving” humanity, whose minds will no longer be “stupefied” by any morality, by any restrictions. Such a “supermoral” person, “beyond good and evil”, is what Nietzsche calls “superman”.

Regarding knowledge, the “will to truth,” Nietzsche again adheres to his “pragmatic” approach, asking “why do we need truth?” For the purposes of life, truth is not needed; rather, illusion and self-deception lead humanity to its goal - self-improvement in the sense of expanding the will to power. But the “free minds”, the chosen ones, must know the truth in order to be able to control this movement. These chosen ones, the immoralists of humanity, the creators of values, must know the reasons for their actions, give an account of their goals and means. Nietzsche devotes many of his works to this “school” of free minds.

Mythology

The imagery and metaphorical nature of Nietzsche’s works allows us to identify a certain mythology in him:

• Nietzsche proceeds from the duality () of culture, where principles and principles fight. Apollo ( greek god light) symbolizes order and harmony, and Dionysus (Greek god of wine) symbolizes darkness, chaos and excess power. These principles are not equivalent. The dark god is ancient. Strength causes order, Dionysus begets Apollo. The Dionysian will (der Wille - in Germanic languages ​​means desire) always turns out to be will to power is an interpretation of the ontological basis of existence. Nietzsche was similarly influenced. The entire course of evolution and the struggle for survival ( struggle for existence) is nothing more than a manifestation of this will to power. The sick and weak must die, and the strongest must win. Hence Nietzsche: “Push him who is falling!”, which should be understood not in the simplified sense that one should not help one’s neighbors, but in the fact that the most effective help to one’s neighbor is to give him the opportunity to reach an extreme in which he can rely only on his survival instincts to be reborn or perish from there. This manifests Nietzsche’s faith in life, in its possibility of self-rebirth and resistance to everything fatal. "What doesn't kill us makes us stronger"!
• Just as man evolved from the monkey, so as a result of this struggle man must evolve into (Übermensch). and all the so-called spiritual values ​​are just a tool to achieve dominance. Therefore, the superman is different from ordinary people above all, an indestructible will. He is more of a genius or rebel than a ruler or hero. A true superman is a destroyer of old values ​​and a creator of new ones. He rules not over a herd, but over entire generations. However, the will has no forward movement. Its main enemies are its own manifestations, what Marx called the force of alienation of the spirit. The only shackles of a strong-willed person are his own promises. By creating new values, the superman gives rise to culture - or Spirit of gravity, like ice freezing the river of will. Therefore, a new superman must come - . He does not destroy old values. They have exhausted themselves, because, Nietzsche claims, they are dead. The era of the European has arrived, to overcome which the Antichrist must create new values. He contrasts the humble and envious morality of slaves master morality. However, then a new Dragon will be born and a new superman will come. This will be the case ad infinitum, for this shows eternal return. One of the main concepts in Nietzsche's philosophy is decadence ().

Quotes

““Goal”, “need” quite often turn out to be just a plausible pretext, an additional self-blinding of vanity, which does not want to admit that the ship is following the current in which it got in by accident"

“...It’s as if values ​​are hidden in things and the whole point is just to master them!”

“Oh, how conveniently you have settled in! You have the law and an evil eye on those who only in their thoughts are against the law. We are free - what do you know about the torment of responsibility towards yourself!

“Our entire sociology does not know any other instinct than the instinct of the herd, i.e. summed up zeros - where each zero has “the same rights”, where it is considered a virtue to be a zero...”

“Virtue is refuted if you ask “why?”...

“If you want to rise high, use your own legs! Don’t let yourself be carried, don’t sit on other people’s shoulders and heads!”

“If you peer into an abyss for a long time, the abyss will begin to peer into you.”

“There are two types of loneliness. For one, loneliness is an escape from the sick; for another, it is an escape from the sick.”

“There are two ways to free you from suffering: quick death and lasting love.”

“Every slightest step on the field of free thinking and personally shaped life is always won at the cost of spiritual and physical torment.”

"Criticism modern philosophy: the fallacy of the starting point that there are “facts of consciousness” - that in the field of introspection there is no place for phenomenalism"

“Whoever is attacked by his time is not yet sufficiently ahead of it - or behind him”

“We are the heirs of two thousand years of vivisection of conscience and self-crucifixion.”

“Alone with ourselves, we imagine everyone more simple-minded than ourselves: in this way we give ourselves a break from our neighbors.”

“Nothing can be bought at a greater price than a piece of human reason and freedom...”

“Nothing strikes so deeply, nothing destroys so much, like “impersonal debt,” like a sacrifice to the Moloch of abstraction...”

“He who knows himself is his own executioner”

“The same thing happens to a person as to a tree. The more he strives upward, towards the light, the deeper his roots go into the ground, downwards, into darkness and depth - towards evil.”

"Death is close enough that you don't have to fear life"

“Man has gradually become a fantastic animal, which, more than any other animal, strives to justify the condition of existence: a person must from time to time seem to know why he exists, his breed is not able to prosper without periodic trust in life, without faith in the intelligence inherent in life"

“Man prefers to desire non-existence than not to desire at all”

“Humanity is a means rather than an end. Humanity is simply experimental material."

“In order for moral values ​​to achieve dominance, they must rest solely on forces and affects of an immoral nature.”

“I do not run away from the proximity of people: it is the distance, the eternal distance that lies between man and man, that drives me into loneliness.”

“...But what convinces does not thereby become true: it is only convincing. Note for donkeys."

• “God is dead” (This phrase appears in Thus Spoke Zarathustra)

• “God is dead; because of his compassion for people, God died” (“Thus Spoke Zarathustra”, chapter “On the Compassionate”)

• “God himself cannot exist without wise men,” said Luther, and with every right; but “God can even less exist without stupid people” - Luther didn’t say that!”

• “If God wanted to become an object of love, then he should first renounce the position of a judge dispensing justice: a judge, and even a merciful judge, is not an object of love.”

• “An evil god is needed no less than a good one - after all, you do not owe your own existence to tolerance and philanthropy... What is the use of a god who does not know anger, envy, cunning, ridicule, vindictiveness and violence?”

• “Without the tenets of faith, no one could live even a moment! But thus these dogmas are by no means proven. Life is not an argument at all; Among the conditions of life there could be delusion.”

• “The theme for a great poet could be the boredom of the Most High after the seventh day of Creation”

• “In every religion, a religious person is an exception”

• “The supreme thesis: “God forgives the repentant,” the same translation: forgives the one who submits to the priest...”

• "Dogma of" immaculate conception“?.. But they discredited the conception...”

• "A pure spirit is a pure lie"

• “Fanatics are colorful, and humanity is more pleased to see gestures than to listen to arguments.”

• “The word 'Christianity' is based on a misunderstanding; in essence, there was one Christian, and he died on the cross."

• “The founder of Christianity believed that people suffered more from nothing than from their sins: this was his delusion, the delusion of one who felt himself without sin, who lacked experience here!”

• “The teaching and the apostle, who does not see the weakness of his teaching, his religion, etc., blinded by the authority of the teacher and reverence for him, usually has greater strength than the teacher. Never before has a man’s influence and his deeds grown without blind disciples.”

• “Faith saves, therefore it lies”

• “Buddhism does not promise, but keeps its word; Christianity promises everything, but does not keep its word.”

• “Martyrs only harmed the truth”

• “A person forgets his guilt when he confesses it to another, but the latter usually does not forget it.”

• “Blood is the worst witness to truth; blood poisons the purest teaching to the point of madness and hatred of hearts"

• “Virtue only gives happiness and some kind of bliss to those who firmly believe in their own virtue - not at all to refined souls, whose virtue consists in a deep distrust of themselves and of all virtue. In the end, here too “faith makes you blessed”! - and not, notice this carefully, virtue!

• “Moral people feel complacency when they have remorse.”

• "School of Survival: What Doesn't Kill Us Makes Us Stronger"

• “Perhaps love your neighbor as yourself. But above all, be those who love themselves."

• “The Jewish stockbroker is the most vile invention of all. human race.» ( This phrase was completed by Nietzsche’s sister, during the years of his madness, Nietzsche himself despised anti-Semites)

• “When you go to a woman, take a whip”

• “Life would be a mistake without music”

• “Blessed are those who forget, for they do not remember their own mistakes.”

Works

Major works

• "The Birth of Tragedy, or Hellenism and Pessimism" ( Die Geburt der Tragödie, 1871)
• "Untimely Thoughts" ( Unzeitgemässe Betrachtungen, 1872-1876)

1. "David Strauss as Confessor and Writer" ( David Strauss: der Bekenner und der Schriftsteller, 1873)
2. “On the benefits and harms of history for life” ( Vom Nutzen und Nachtheil der Historie für das Leben, 1874)
3. "Schopenhauer as an educator" ( Schopenhauer als Erzieher, 1874)
4. "Richard Wagner in Bayreuth" ( Richard Wagner in Bayreuth, 1876)

• « » ( Menschliches, Allzumenschliches, 1878)
• "Mixed Opinions and Sayings" ( Vermischte Meinungen und Sprüche, 1879)
• "The Wanderer and His Shadow" ( Der Wanderer und sein Schatten, 1879)
• "Morning dawn, or thoughts about moral prejudices" ( Morgenrote, 1881)
• "Fun Science" ( Die fröhliche Wissenschaft, 1882, 1887)
• « » ( Also sprach Zarathustra, 1883-1887)
• « » ( Jenseits von Gut und Böse, 1886)
• “Toward the genealogy of morality. Polemical essay" ( Zur Genealogie der Moral, 1887)
• "Case Wagner" ( Der Fall Wagner, 1888)