Argument:
The crowning achievement of the famous Russian writer A. S. Griboedov is the play “Woe from Wit.” Exactly at this work The author touches on such important topics as the harm of rank and bureaucracy, the inhumanity of serfdom, issues of education and enlightenment, honest service to the fatherland and duty, and the originality of the national Russian culture. The writer also exposes the vices of people, which to this day exist in each of us.
Using the example of the central characters of the play, Griboedov makes us think: is it always worth acting according to the will of the heart, or is cold calculation still better? The personification of commercialism, sycophancy, and lies is Alexey Stepanovich Molchalin. This character is not at all harmless. With his obsequiousness he successfully makes his way into high society. His “talents” - “moderation and accuracy” - provide him with a pass to “high society.”
Molchalin is a convinced conservative, dependent on the opinions of others and pandering to “all people without exception.” It would seem that this is the right choice, a cold mind and tough calculation are better than the vague feelings of the heart, but the author ridicules Alexei Stepanovich, showing the reader the insignificance of his existence. in a world of hypocrisy and lies, Molchalin has lost all his bright and sincere feelings, which led to the complete collapse of his sinister plans. Therefore, we can say with confidence that the great Russian writer wanted to convey to the hearts of readers that the most important thing is to remain yourself, act according to your conscience and listen to your heart.
Possible theses:
1. Commercialism leads to spiritual degradation
2. A person who does not follow his heart risks his own happiness.
“At the Bottom” - play by M. Gorky
Argument:
The plot of the play was the life of the inhabitants of the flophouse, people who have nothing: no money, no status, no social status, no simple bread. They don't see the meaning of their existence. But even in seemingly unbearable conditions, topics such as the question of truth and lies are raised.
Reflecting on this topic, the author compares the central characters of the play. Satin and the wanderer Luke are antipodal heroes. When Elder Luke appears at the shelter, he tries to inspire each of the residents. With all the sincerity of his feelings, he tries to inspire the unfortunate, not to let them wither away. According to Luke, they could not be helped by telling the truth that nothing would change in their lives. Therefore, he lied to them, thinking that this would bring salvation for them, change their attitude to what was happening, and instill hope in them. The hero with all his heart wanted to help the unfortunate, to make their lives at least a little brighter. He didn’t think about the fact that sweet lies can be worse than the bitter truth. That's why I'm more attracted to a realist hero.
Satin could be harsh, he relied only on his thoughts and looked at the situation soberly. Luke’s “fairy tales” made him angry, because he is a realist and is not used to “fictional happiness.” This hero called people not to blind hope, but to fight for their rights.
Gorky posed the question to his readers: which of them is more right?
I think that it is impossible to give an exact answer to this question, because it is not for nothing that the author left it open. Everyone must decide and choose one path for themselves.
(229 words)
Possible theses:
1. Does common sense always guide us on the right path?
2. What to listen to: the mind or the heart?
Example of an essay in direction 1 “Reason and Feeling”
For many years people have been arguing about what is a mind without feelings or feelings without a mind? Some believe that you can discard feelings and rely on reason, while others, on the contrary, give preference to feelings over reason. There are still others who say that the mind and feelings should live in harmony. I'm one of those people. “Reason and feelings are two forces that equally need each other, they are dead and insignificant without the other,” said V.G. Belinsky. And I agree with him. After all, you will agree that without feelings, guided only by logic, we will cease to understand other people, and life will lose all its colors. We will drag out a miserable existence, unable to even express love, affection, joy, compassion, sadness, anger, jealousy, despair and many other feelings. But, on the other hand, you can’t live only by feelings. After all, no matter how beautifully poets of all times describe them, it is because of feelings that humanity makes most mistakes. And if feelings are not limited by reason, then irreparable things can happen. One has only to imagine what will happen if every person in the world acts on a pure impulse of feelings, forgetting about all logic and sanity. Therefore, feelings and reason must be in harmony within a person, because they are exactly what makes us human. To prove my words, I will give several examples.
My first example will be the book “We”, authored by Evgeny Zamyatin. It talks about a future where every person is guided only by reason. And society gets rid of those who promote feelings. Main character D– 503 is no exception, guided only by reason, he obeys all the rules. But one day, having met a girl, he feels something that he has never experienced. He begins to change, not immediately, but gradually feelings overwhelm him. He rushes between sanity and the feeling that has firmly settled in his heart. The citizen of the United State, according to the author, fell ill: his soul was formed. And, as often happens in many works, feeling overcomes reason, and the main character is ready to do anything for the sake of his beloved. This book - shining example cold mind and hot feelings breaking through the thickness of prohibitions in the hero’s painful struggle with himself. To the sun, to the light, to the grass, to the animals - to life, to love. Saving a child is the peak of the victory of feelings over prudence.
My second example will be the series of books “The Legendary Lunar Sculptor”. This series was written by Hyesung Nam. These works tell the story of a hero whose mind prevails over his feelings. The main character is prudent, smart and knows how to turn any situation in his favor. His name is Weed, which means “weed.” He was born into a dysfunctional family. His parents died, leaving him only debts, a little sister and a sick grandmother. But thanks to luck and his prudence, Weed earns money and pays off his debts. Although he is always guided only by reason, outbursts of feelings are often visible in his actions. This is especially evident when the girl Soyoon appears in his life. Although Weed is stingy, he gives her a chicken, but... the most unnecessary one. After the meeting with Soyungera, this work does not change as much as previous character, which I discussed earlier. But it clearly begins to show the dominance of feelings over reason. I also think this series good example how in one person there is both a calculating mind and impetuous feelings.
To summarize, I argue that every person should have harmony of feelings and reason. After all, only in their harmony lies the road to the prosperity of the human soul.
Babyak Mikhail
Final essay is an exam format that allows you to assess several aspects of a student’s knowledge at once. Among them: lexicon, knowledge of literature, ability to express one’s point of view in writing. In short, this format makes it possible to assess the student’s overall proficiency in both language and subject knowledge.
1. 3 hours 55 minutes are allotted for the final essay, the recommended length is 350 words.
2. Date of the final essay 2016-2017. In 2015-2016 academic year it was held on December 2, 2015, February 3, 2016, May 4, 2016. In 2016-2017 - December 7, February 1, May 17.
3. The final essay (presentation) is held on the first Wednesday of December, the first Wednesday of February and the first working Wednesday of May.
The purpose of the essay is a reasoning, a competently and clearly constructed point of view of the student using examples from the literature within the framework of a given topic. It is important to note that the topics do not indicate a specific work for analysis; it is of a supra-subject nature.
Topics for the final essay on literature 2016-2017
Topics are formed from two lists: open and closed. The first one is known in advance and reflects approximate common topics, they are formulated as concepts that contradict each other.
A closed list of topics is announced 15 minutes before the start of the essay - these are more specific topics.
Open list of topics for the final essay 2016-2017:
1. “Reason and Feeling”,
2. “Honor and dishonor”,
3. “Victory and defeat”,
4. “Experience and mistakes”,
5. “Friendship and enmity”.
The topics are presented in a problematic manner, the names of the topics are antonyms.
An approximate list of references for all those who will write the final essay (2016-2017):
1. A.M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil"
2. A.P. Chekhov "Ionych"
3. A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter", "Eugene Onegin", "Station Warden"
4. B.L. Vasiliev “Not on the lists”
5. V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains"
6. V.V. Bykov "Sotnikov"
7. V.P. Astafiev "Tsar Fish"
8. Henry Marsh “Do No Harm”
9. Daniel Defoe “Robinson Crusoe”,
10. Jack London “White Fang”,
11. Jack London "Martin Eden",
12. I.A. Bunin "Clean Monday"
13. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
14. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
15. M.A. Sholokhov " Quiet Don»,
16. M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time"
17. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", "Idiot"
18. E. Hemingway “The Old Man and the Sea”,
19. E.M. Remarque “On western front no change"
20. E.M. Remarque "Three Comrades".
Argumenyou are on the topic "Reason and Feeling"
The point of view must be reasoned; in order to formulate it correctly, one should involve literary material, corresponding to the topic. The argument is the main component of the essay and is one of the evaluation criteria. The following requirements apply to it:
1. Match the theme
2. Include literary material
3. Be included in the text logically, in accordance with the overall composition
4. Be presented through quality writing.
5. Be properly designed.
For the topic “Reason and Feeling,” you can take arguments from the works of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons", A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", N.M. Karamzin " Poor Lisa", Jane Austen "Sense and Sensibility".
Examples of final essays
There are a number of final essay templates. They are assessed according to five criteria, here is an example of an essay that received the highest score:
Example of an essay on the topic: “Should reason prevail over feelings?”
What to listen to, reason or feelings - this is the question every person asks. It is especially acute when the mind dictates one thing, but feelings contradict it. What is the voice of reason, when one should listen more to its advice, a person decides for himself, and the same with feelings. Without a doubt, the choice of one or the other depends on the specific situation. For example, even a child knows that in a stressful situation one should not give in to panic, it is better to listen to reason. It is important not only to listen to both reason and feelings, but also to truly learn to distinguish between situations when it is necessary to listen to the first or the second to a greater extent.
Since the question has always been relevant, it has found wide circulation both in Russian and in foreign literature. Jane Austen, in her novel Sense and Sensibility, reflected this eternal contradiction through the example of two sisters. Elinor, the eldest of the sisters, is distinguished by her prudence, but is not devoid of feelings, she simply knows how to manage them. Mariana is in no way inferior to her older sister, but prudence is not inherent in her in any way. The author showed how their characters were affected in the test of love. In the case of her older sister, her prudence almost played a cruel joke on her; thanks to her reserved nature, she did not immediately let her lover know how she felt. Mariana became a victim of feelings, so she was deceived by a young man who took advantage of her gullibility and married a wealthy lady. As a result, the older sister was ready to come to terms with loneliness, but the man of her heart, Edward Ferras, makes a choice in her favor, refusing not only the inheritance, but also his word: an engagement to an unloved woman. Marianne, after a serious illness and suffering deception, grows up and agrees to be engaged to a 37-year-old captain, for whom she does not have romantic feelings, but deeply respects her.
The heroes in A.P.’s story make a similar choice. Chekhov "About Love". However, Alyohin and Anna Luganovich, succumbing to the call of reason, give up their happiness, which makes their action correct in the eyes of society, but deep down in their souls, both heroes are unhappy.
So what is reason: logic, common sense, or just boring reason? Can feelings interfere with a person’s life or, conversely, provide an invaluable service? There is no clear answer to this debate: who to listen to: reason or feeling. Both are equally important for a person, so you just need to learn how to use them correctly.
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Today I’ll write offhand which works are based on fiction you can reveal the topics of the final essays for 2017.
Today's post is dedicated to the first topic - "Reason and Feeling". What are the best books to read that immediately come to mind?
To begin with, I would like to note that I would very, very recommend that schoolchildren still overcome themselves and read “War and Peace” or some other major texts from school curriculum. Based on them, you can expand on any topic if you know the content. The remark is over, let's go.
"Reason and Feeling".
This topic can be revealed based on "Eugene Onegin". And here you can give different variants. For example, reason and feeling are the images of Onegin and Lensky; in revealing the argument, you can give different explanations, the dynamics of the characters’ relationships and talk about how badly everything ended. How Onegin’s reason failed him, and Lensky’s feelings failed him.
Or another twist - reason and feeling in the relationship between Tatiana and Onegin. Let us recall the mirror composition of the novel. Relatively speaking, at first Tatyana had feelings, and Onegin became the embodiment of reason (remember the scene of the explanation), and in the finale of the work the characters swapped places - now Onegin is blown away by love and passion (feelings), and Tatyana, who is married, tries to hold on to pole of reason. This essay will be in general about how love is refracted through reason and feeling.
"Fathers and Sons". The topic can be developed based on internal conflict Bazarova. We remember that at the beginning we have a rational hero, the embodiment of reason. Then feelings begin and bring chaos to Bazarov’s rational world. The collision of reason and feelings changes the hero. By the end, an almost different person appears before us.
"Hero of our time". The topic can be discussed in two ways. Here, too, there is an internal conflict of the hero, whose soul is still dominated by reason, which finds it difficult to surrender to feelings. The second option is the relationship between Pechorin and Princess Mary. The hero calculates his words, movements, glances, does everything to make the girl fall in love with him. He himself remains rational and cold. And Princess Mary, who surrenders to her feelings, does not suspect that she has fallen into a trap.
"War and Peace". There are actually a lot of possibilities here. The topic can be revealed based on comparisons of heroes. For example, the cold Helen Bezukhova (reason), who marries for convenience, etc., and the cheerful Natasha Rostova, who always follows her feelings. Here you can give the internal conflicts of the heroes, there is a lot about reason and feeling, like Pierre or Prince Andrei. A good illustration of the theme can be the dynamics of the relationship between Prince Andrei and Natasha. Love for Natasha, which revives Prince Andrei. Natasha, who subsequently suddenly falls in love with Anatole, loses her mind and violates the rules of decency. There is constant oscillation between reason and feelings among the heroes.
"Anna Karenina". If anyone has read it, this is a great option. Everything is very clearly visible there if you compare Anna and other women in the novel (for example, Betsy Tverskaya). Or think about Anna's choice. Thinking about Anna and her husband. Everything will be about reason and feeling.
"Master and Margarita". The relationship between the Master and Margarita is one option. Margarita's internal conflict is another option. In general, the dynamics of the image of Margarita, who agrees to Satan’s proposal. By the way, the line of Yeshua and Pontius Pilate also fits here. Bulgakov shows well the fluctuations between reason (there are given conditions, political, the status of a hero, etc.) and feelings (sympathy for Yeshua, guilt, revenge, etc.) in Pontius Pilate, what kind of internal struggle the hero has.
"Quiet Don". The conflict in the soul of Grigory Melekhov, when he rushes between Aksinya and Natalya, is also about reason and feelings.
"Garnet bracelet". There is a clash of reason and feeling in the dynamics of the character of Zheltkov and Vera Pavlovna.
"Asya" I.S. Turgenev. This story is great for exploring the theme of reason and feeling. You can even additionally read Pisarev’s article about the main character of the story. Pisarev emphasizes the rationality of the protagonist. Asya and Mr. N. are two contrasting heroes who embody reason and feelings.
More options, if based on short works.
Plays by A.N. Ostrovsky. The conflict between reason and feelings can be revealed based on "Thunderstorms"(the image of Katerina, the dynamics of the image). A good option — "Dowry." The relationship between Paratov and Larisa is built on this theme. They both have to make a choice between reason and feelings. True, with Paratov this is not so clear, but with Larisa, who rushes between Paratov and the other men and is going to marry Karandyshev, everything is very clearly shown.
Zamyatin "We". The book is largely about the mind and feelings. The main character, his approach to the world, to life, his vision of himself, his relationship with O. (mind) and his relationship with I (passion, feelings).
A good option for a short text is a story « Sunstroke» I.A. Bunina. You can reveal the topic based on the image of the main character.
From the very obvious - "Romeo and Juliet" W. Shakespeare. I won’t even explain it here.
In fact, the topic is very broad; it can be explored not only in love conflicts. The same, for example, choice of Kutuzov in "War and Peace" what is not a conflict between reason and feelings. The main thing is to turn on your imagination.
You can read about how to order a final essay.
Official comment:
The direction involves thinking about reason and feeling as two important components inner world a person that influences his aspirations and actions. Reason and feeling can be considered both in harmonious unity and in complex confrontation that constitutes the internal conflict of the individual.
The topic of reason and feeling is interesting for writers different cultures and eras: heroes literary works often find themselves faced with a choice between the dictates of feeling and the prompting of reason.
Aphorisms and sayings famous people:
There are feelings that replenish and darken the mind, and there is a mind that cools the movement of the feelings.
M.M. Prishvin
If the feelings are not true, then our whole mind will turn out to be false.
Lucretius
A feeling held captive by crude practical needs has only a limited meaning.
Karl Marx
No imagination can come up with such a multitude of contradictory feelings that usually coexist in one human heart.
F. La Rochefoucauld
Seeing and feeling is being, thinking is living.
W. Shakespeare
Guidelines:
Dialectical unity of reason and feeling - central problem many artistic works of world and Russian literature. Writers, depicting the world of human intentions, passions, actions, judgments, one way or another touch on these two categories. Human nature It is structured in such a way that the struggle between reason and feeling inevitably gives rise to an internal conflict of the individual, and therefore provides fertile ground for the work of writers - artists of human souls.
The history of Russian literature, represented by the change of one literary direction to others, showed a different relationship between the concepts of “mind” and “feeling”.
In the Age of Enlightenment, reason becomes a key concept that determines the worldview of a person of that time. This naturally affected the writers’ ideas about literary creativity, about what the heroes of their works should be and the value system of the individual. Feelings and personal interests were relegated to the background, giving primacy to duty, honor, and service to the state and society. This did not mean that the heroes are devoid of passions and emotions - they are often very ardent young men capable of sincerely loving. For classicism, something else is more important - how capable the heroes are of overcoming their personal interests and, with a cold mind, fulfilling their sense of duty to the Fatherland.
Excellent examples would be the comedies of D.I. Fonvizin “Nedorosl” and A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit". Conversations between Starodum and Pravdin, Starodum and Milon about duty, honor of a person, about his most important spiritual and moral qualities, which dictate his actions, ultimately come down to the exaltation of reason over feelings. Or Alexander Andreevich Chatsky’s devotion to his ideals and beliefs associated with the awareness of the need to eradicate the old order of Famusov’s Moscow, with a change in society and consciousness younger generation- evidence of his rational approach to himself and surrounding reality.
Thus, in the era of the dominance of classicism in literature, unconditional primacy is given to reason, actions are dictated by balanced decisions, life experience, problems of social sound come to the fore.
Classicism is replaced by sentimentalism, and later by romanticism with a radical turn to the category of “feeling”.
In the story by N.M. Karamzin's "Poor Liza" the heroine is guided by her sincere feelings pure love to his chosen one, Erast, which, unfortunately, ultimately leads to an irreparable tragedy. Deception leads to the collapse of hopes and loss of meaning in life for Lisa.
The hero's feelings, his passions and experiences become key aspects artistic research romantic writers. V.A. Zhukovsky, A.S. Pushkin in his early works, M.Yu. Lermontov and many other Russian classics portrayed strong characters who were guided by the desire for an ideal, an absolute, realized the vulgarity of the surrounding reality and the impossibility of finding that very ideal in this world. This gave rise to an inevitable conflict between them and the world, leading to exile, loneliness, wandering, and often even death.
Feelings of love and longing for a loved one push Svetlana from the ballad of the same name by V.A. Zhukovsky look into other world to know your destiny and meet your chosen one. And the heroine experiences a boundless sense of fear when she finds herself in that terrible reality filled with demonic forces.
It is not the mind, but the dictates of the heart that pushes Mtsyri from the poem of the same name by M.Yu. Lermontov to escape from the monastery and return to his homeland in order to find a home, friends, or at least “the graves of relatives.” And having known himself, the nature of his inner freedom, the hero understands with his mind that he will never be able to become part of the monastic world, the world of “imprisonment” and prison, and therefore makes a choice towards death as eternal freedom.
During the period of the fading of romanticism and the advent of realism to replace it, many writers acutely felt the need to reflect this process in works of art. One of the methods for realizing this is the collision in the work of images of heroes symbolizing different types personalities - romantics and realists. A classic example is the novel by A.S. Pushkin's "Eugene Onegin", in which two opposites inevitably collide - "wave and stone, poetry and prose, ice and fire" - Vladimir Lensky and Eugene Onegin. The time of romantics with their dreams and ideals, as Pushkin shows, is gradually passing away, giving way to rationally thinking, pragmatic individuals (in in this case It is appropriate to recall the epigraph to the sixth chapter of the novel, in which the duel between the heroes takes place - “Where the days are cloudy and short, // A tribe will be born that does not hurt to die”).
The second half of the 19th century, with the dominance of realism in Russian literature, greatly complicated the dichotomy of the concepts of “reason” and “feeling”. The choice of heroes between them becomes much more difficult, thanks to the technique of psychologism this problem becomes more complicated, often determining the fate of the literary image.
An excellent example of Russian classics is the novel by I.S. Turgenev's "Fathers and Sons", in which the author deliberately collides feelings and reason, leading the reader to the idea that any theory has the right to exist if it does not contradict life itself. Evgeny Bazarov, putting forward rationalization ideas for changing society and the old way of life, gave preference to exact sciences that could benefit the state, society, and humanity, while denying all the spiritual components of human life - art, love, beauty and the aesthetics of nature. Similar denial and unrequited love for Anna
Sergeevna leads the hero to ruin own theory, disappointment and moral devastation.
The struggle between reason and feelings is shown in the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Raskolnikov’s clearly thought-out theory does not cause the hero to doubt his competence, which leads him to commit murder. But the pangs of conscience that haunt Rodion after committing a crime do not allow him to live in peace ( special role in this aspect, the hero’s dreams are assigned). Of course, we should not lose sight of the fact that this problem is complicated in the novel by bringing the religious context to the fore.
In the epic novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" categories of "reason" and "feeling" are brought to the fore. For a writer, it is important how dominant one side or another is in the characters, what guides them in their actions. In the opinion of the author, those who do not take into account the feelings of other people, who are calculating and selfish (the Kuragin family, Boris Drubetskoy) deserve inevitable punishment. Those who surrender to feelings, the dictates of the soul and heart, even if they thereby make mistakes, are able to ultimately realize them (remember, for example, Natasha Rostova’s attempt to escape with Anatoly Kuragin), are capable of forgiveness and sympathy. Of course, Tolstoy, as a true philosophical writer, called for a harmonious unity of the rational and the sensual in man.
These two categories are interestingly embodied in the works of A.P. Chekhov. For example, in “The Lady with the Dog,” which proclaims the all-consuming power of love, it is shown how strongly this feeling can affect a person’s life, literally regenerating people to a new life. Indicative in this regard are the final lines of the story, in which it is stated that with their minds the heroes understood how many obstacles and difficulties lay ahead of them, but they were not afraid: “And it seemed that in just a little while a solution would be found, and then a new one would begin. wonderful Life; and it was clear to both that the end was still far, far away and that the most difficult and difficult thing was just beginning.” Or the opposite example is the story “Ionych”, in which the hero replaces spiritual values - namely the desire to love, have a family and be happy - with material, cold calculation, which inevitably leads to Startsev’s moral and spiritual degradation. The harmonious unity of reason and feeling is demonstrated in the story “Student”, in which Ivan Velikopolsky comes to the realization of his destiny, thereby gaining inner harmony and happiness.
The literature of the twentieth century also presented many works in which the categories of “reason” and “feeling” occupy one of the primary places. In the play “At the Lower Depths” by M. Gorky there is a symbolic embodiment of concepts through rational realistic comprehension environment, in which a person resides (Satin’s reasoning), and illusory ideas about a bright future, instilled hopes in the souls of the heroes by the wanderer Luke. In the story “The Fate of a Man” by M.A. Sholokhov - the bitter disappointment of Andrei Sokolov, who went through the war and lost everything dear to him in his life, and the role of Vanechka in the fate of the main character, who gave him new life. In the epic novel “Quiet Don” M.A. Sholokhov - the moral torment of Grigory Melekhov regarding his feelings for Aksinya and his duty to Natalya, dialogism in the choice of power. In the poem “Vasily Terkin” by A.T. Tvardovsky - the Russian soldier’s awareness of the need to defeat an external enemy, merged with a feeling of boundless love for his homeland. In the story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” by A.I. Solzhenitsyn - the merciless conditions of detention of prisoners, accompanied by a bitter awareness of the objectivity of reality, and Shukhov’s internal intentions, which lead to the problem of preserving the human in oneself in such conditions.
Direction "Reason and Feelings"
Sample abstracts essays
Mind and feelings. These words will become the main motive one of the topics on a graduation essay in 2017.
You can select two directions, which should be discussed on this topic.
1. The struggle of reason and feelings in a person, requiring mandatory choice: act in accordance with surging emotions, or still not lose your head, weigh your actions, be aware of their consequences both for yourself and for others.
2. Reason and feelings can be allies , blend harmoniously in a person, making him strong, self-confident, able to react emotionally to everything that happens around him.
Reflections on the topic: “Reason and Feelings”
o It is human nature to choose: to act wisely, thinking through each step, weighing your words, planning actions, or to obey your feelings. These feelings can be very different: from love to hatred, from anger to kindness, from rejection to recognition. Feelings are very strong in a person. They can easily take possession of his soul and consciousness.
o What choice to make in a given situation: to submit to feelings, which are often selfish, or to listen to the voice of reason? How to avoid internal conflict between these two “elements”? Everyone must answer these questions for themselves. And a person also makes a choice independently, a choice on which sometimes not only the future, but also life itself can depend.
o Yes, reason and feelings often oppose each other. Whether a person can bring them into harmony, make sure that the mind is supported by feelings and vice versa - this depends on the will of the person, on the degree of responsibility, on the moral guidelines that he follows.
o Nature has rewarded people with the greatest wealth - intelligence, and given them the opportunity to experience feelings. Now they themselves must learn to live, aware of all their actions, but at the same time remaining sensitive, able to feel joy, love, kindness, attention, and not succumb to anger, hostility, envy and others negative feelings.
o One more thing is important: a person who lives only by feelings is essentially unfree. He subordinated himself entirely to them, to these emotions and feelings, whatever they may be: love, envy, anger, greed, fear and others. He is weak and even easily controlled by others, by those who want to take advantage of this human dependence on feelings for their own selfish and selfish purposes. Therefore, feelings and reason must exist in harmony, so that feelings help a person to see the whole gamut of shades in everything, and the mind helps to react correctly, adequately to this, and not drown in the abyss of feelings.
o Learning to live in harmony between your feelings and your mind is very important. A strong personality who lives according to the laws of morality and morality is capable of this. And you don’t need to listen to the opinion of some people that the world of the mind is boring, monotonous, uninteresting, and the world of feelings is comprehensive, beautiful, bright. Harmony of mind and feelings will give a person immeasurably more in understanding the world, in self-awareness, in the perception of life in general.
arguments for an essay on the topic: “Reason and Feelings”
1. “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign”
2. A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”
3. L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace”
4. I.S. Turgenev “Asya”
5. A.N. Ostrovsky “Dowry”
6. A.I. Kuprin “Olesya”
7. A.P. Chekhov “Lady with a Dog”
8. I.A. Bunin " Dark alleys»
9. V. Rasputin “Live and Remember”
10. M.A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita”
| Works | Arguments |
| "The Tale of Igor's Campaign" | |
| The main character of “The Word…” is Prince Igor Novgorod-Seversky. He is a brave, courageous warrior, a patriot of his country. Brothers and squad! Better to be killed by swords. What am I full of from the hands of the filthy! His cousin Svyatoslav, who ruled in Kyiv, in 1184 won a victory over the Polovtsy - the enemies of Rus', the nomads. Igor was unable to participate in the campaign. He decided to take a new campaign - in 1185. There was no need for it; the Polovtsians did not attack Rus' after the victory of Svyatoslav. However, the desire for glory and selfishness led to Igor opposing the Polovtsians. Nature seemed to warn the hero about the failures that would haunt the prince - it happened solar eclipse. But Igor was adamant. And he said, full of military thoughts, Disregarding the sign of heaven: “I want to break the copy In an unfamiliar Polovtsian field... Reason receded into the background. Feelings, moreover of an egoistic nature, took possession of the prince. After the defeat and escape from captivity, Igor realized the mistake and realized it. That is why the author sings glory to the prince at the end of the work. This is an example of the fact that a person with power must always weigh everything; it is reason, and not feelings, even if they are positive, that should determine the behavior of a person on whom the lives of many people depend. |
| A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" |
| The heroine Tatyana Larina has strong, deep feelings for Eugene Onegin. She fell in love with him as soon as she saw him on her estate. My whole life has been a guarantee of a faithful meeting with you; I know you were sent to me by God, You are my keeper until the grave... About Onegin: He no longer fell in love with beauties, but was dragged around somehow; If they refused, I was instantly consoled; They will change - I was glad to relax. However, Evgeny realized how beautiful Tatyana was, that she was worthy of love, and he fell in love with her much later. A lot has happened over the years, and most importantly, Tatyana was already married. And happiness was so possible, So close!.. But my fate is already decided. (Tatiana’s words to Onegin) The meeting after a long separation at the ball showed how strong Tatyana’s feelings are. However, this is a highly moral woman. She respects her husband and understands that she must be faithful to him. I love you (why lie?), But I am given to someone else; I will be faithful to him forever.. In the struggle between feelings and reason, defeat reason. The heroine did not tarnish her honor, did not inflict mental wounds on her husband, although she deeply loved Onegin. She renounced love, realizing that having tied the knot of marriage with a man, she simply had to be faithful to him. |
| L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” |
| How beautiful is the image of Natasha Rostova in the novel! How the heroine is spontaneous, open, how she longs for true love. (" Seize moments of happiness, force yourself to love, fall in love yourself! Only this one thing is real in the world - the rest is all nonsense” - the author’s words) She sincerely fell in love with Andrei Bolkonsky, and is waiting for the year to pass, after which their wedding should take place. However, fate has prepared a serious test for Natasha - a meeting with the handsome Anatoly Kuragin. He simply charmed her, feelings washed over the heroine, and she forgot about everything. She is ready to run into the unknown, just to be close to Anatole. How Natasha blamed Sonya for telling her family about the upcoming escape! The feelings turned out to be stronger than Natasha. The mind just went silent. Yes, the heroine will repent later, we feel sorry for her, we understand her desire to love .(I am tormented only by the evil that I did to him. Just tell him that I ask him to forgive, forgive, forgive me for everything...) However, how cruelly Natasha punished herself: Andrei freed her from all obligations .(And of all the people, I loved and hated no one more than her.) Reading these pages of the novel, you think about a lot. It's easy to say what's good and what's bad. Sometimes feelings are so strong that a person simply does not notice how he is falling into the abyss, succumbing to them. But it is still very important to learn to subordinate feelings to reason, but not to subordinate, but simply to coordinate, to live so that they are in harmony. Then many mistakes in life can be avoided. |
| I.S. Turgenev “Asya” |
| 25-year-old N.N. he travels carelessly, albeit without a goal or plan, meets new people, and almost never visits sights. This is how I. Turgenev’s story “Asya” begins. The hero will have to endure a difficult test - the test of love. He had this feeling for his girlfriend Asya. She combined cheerfulness and eccentricity, openness and isolation. But the main thing is being different from others. Perhaps this is connected with her former life: she lost her parents early, the 13-year-old girl was left in the arms of her older brother, Gagin. Asya realized that she truly fell in love with N.N., that’s why she led acting unusually: either withdrawing, trying to retire, or wanting to attract attention. It’s as if reason and feeling are fighting in her, the impossibility of drowning out her love for N.N. Unfortunately, the hero turned out to be not as decisive as Asya, who confessed her love to him in a note. N.N. also had strong feelings for Asya: “I felt some kind of sweetness - exactly sweetness in my heart: as if honey had been poured into me.” But he thought for too long about the future with the heroine, postponing the decision until tomorrow. And there is no tomorrow for love. Asya and Gagin left, but the hero was never able to find a woman in his life with whom he would throw in his lot. The memories of Asa were too strong, and only the note reminded her. So reason became the reason for the separation, and feelings turned out to be incapable of leading the hero to decisive actions. "Happiness has no tomorrow, it doesn’t have a yesterday, it doesn’t remember the past, it doesn’t think about the future. He only has the present. - And that’s not a day. Just a moment. » |
| A.N. Ostrovsky “Dowry” |
| The heroine of the play is Larisa Ogudalova. She is a dowryless person, that is, upon marriage, her mother is not able to prepare a dowry, which was customary for the bride to have. Larisa's family is of average income, so she doesn't have to hope for a good match. So she agreed to marry Karandyshev - the only one who proposed marriage to her. She does not feel any love for her future husband. But a young girl really wants to love! And this feeling had already arisen in her heart - love for Paratov, who once charmed her and then simply left. Larisa will have to experience the strongest internal struggle- between feeling and reason, duty to the person she marries. Paratov seems to have bewitched her, she is delighted with him, succumbs to the feeling of love, the desire to be with her beloved. She is naive, believes his words, thinks that Paratov loves her just as much. But what a bitter disappointment she had to experience. She is in Paratov’s hands - just a “thing”. Reason still wins, insight comes. True, later. " The thing... yes, the thing! They are right, I am a thing, not a person... Finally, a word has been found for me, you have found it... Every thing must have an owner, I will go to the owner. And I no longer want to live, to live in a world of lies and deception, to live without being truly loved (how shameful that it is chosen - heads or tails). Death for the heroine is a relief. How tragic her words sound: “ I was looking for love and didn't find it. They looked at me and look at me as if I was funny.” |
| A.I. Kuprin “Olesya” |
| "Love knows no boundaries." How often do we hear these words, and repeat them ourselves. However, in life, unfortunately, not everyone is able to overcome these boundaries. How beautiful is the love of the village girl Olesya, living in the lap of nature, far from civilization, and the intellectual, city dweller Ivan Timofeevich! The strong, sincere feeling of the heroes is put to the test: the hero must decide to marry a village girl, and even a sorceress, as she is called around, to connect his life with a person who lives according to other laws, as if in another world. And the hero could not make a choice in time. His mind had been weighing on him for too long. Even Olesya noticed the insincerity in the character of the hero: “Your kindness is not good, not heartfelt. You are not master of your word. You love to have the upper hand over people, but although you don’t want to, you obey them.” And in the end - loneliness, because the beloved is forced to leave these places, to flee with Manuilikha from the superstitious peasants. Her beloved did not become her support and salvation. Eternal struggle mind and feelings in man. How often does it lead to tragedy. Preserving love without losing your head, understanding responsibility for your loved one - this is not given to everyone. Ivan Timofeevich could not withstand the test of love. |
| A.P. Chekhov “Lady with a Dog” |
| A holiday romance - this is how you can call the plot of A. Chekhov’s story “The Lady with the Dog”. Behind the external simplicity of the plot lies deep content. The author shows the tragedy of people who sincerely fell in love with each other. However, family ties connected both him, Dmitry Dmitrievich Gurov, and her, Anna Sergeevna. The opinion of society, the condemnation of others, the fear of making one’s feelings public - all this made life loving people simply unbearable. Living in hiding, meeting in secret - it was simply unbearable. But they had the main thing - love. Both heroes are unhappy and happy at the same time. Love inspired them, tired without love. They surrendered to affection and tenderness, forgetting about their marital status. The hero was transformed, began to look at the world differently, ceased to be an ordinary burner .(...how, in essence, if you think about it, everything is beautiful in this world, everything except what we ourselves think and think when we forget about higher purposes existence, about your human dignity). Anna Sergeevna doesn’t feel like a fallen woman either - she loves, and that’s the main thing. How long will their secret meetings continue? Where their love will lead - each reader can only guess about this. But the main thing that you understand when you read this work is that love is capable of anything, that it transforms, changes people, fills their lives with meaning. This feeling has enormous power over a person, and the mind sometimes becomes silent in front of it - Love. |
| I.A.Bunin “Dark Alleys” |
| How difficult relationships between people can sometimes be. Especially if it concerns such a strong feeling as love. What to give preference to: the strength of feelings that gripped a person, or listen to the voice of reason, which suggests that the chosen one is from another circle, that she is not a couple, which means there can be no love. Likewise, the hero of I. Bunin’s short story “Dark Alleys” Nikolai in his youth experienced a great feeling of love for Nadezhda, who was from a completely different environment, a simple peasant woman. The hero was unable to connect his life with his beloved: the laws of the society to which he belonged weighed too heavily on him. And how many more of these Hopes will there be in life!( ... it always seems that somewhere there will be something especially happy, some kind of meeting...) The result is life with an unloved woman. Gray everyday life. And only many years later, seeing Nadezhda again, Nikolai realized that such love was given to him by fate, and he passed her by, by his happiness. And Nadezhda was able to carry this great feeling - love - throughout her life. .(Youth passes for everyone, but love is another matter.) So sometimes fate, a person’s whole life, depends on the choice between reason and feeling. |
| V. Rasputin “Live and Remember” |
| A person must always remember that he is responsible for the people close to him and his loved ones. But the hero of V. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember,” Andrei, forgot about this. He became a deserter during the war, essentially running away from the front, because he really wanted to see home and his relatives on leave, which he received for a few days, but did not have time to get home. A brave soldier, he suddenly became rejected by society. Feeling overcame reason, the desire to be at home turned out to be so strong that he, a soldier, broke his military oath. And by doing this, the hero made the life of his loved ones miserable: his wife and parents had already become the family of the enemy of the people. His wife, Nastya, also has strong feelings for her husband. Realizing that she is committing a crime, she helps Andrei, who was hiding from the authorities, and does not extradite him. (That's why she's a woman, to soften and smooth out life together, that’s why she was given this amazing power, which is all the more amazing, gentle and rich the more often it is used.) As a result, both she and her unborn child die: Nastena threw herself into the river when she realized that she was being chased and she was betraying her beloved .(When everything is good, it’s easy to be together: it’s like a dream, just breathe, and that’s all. You have to be together when it’s bad - that’s why people come together,” Nastena’s words) A tragedy, a real drama, unfolded because Andrei Guskov succumbed to the power of feelings. We always need to remember about the people living with us and not commit rash actions, because otherwise the worst thing can happen - the death of our loved ones. |
| M.A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” |
| Love. It's an amazing feeling. It makes a person happy, life takes on new shades. For the sake of love, real, all-encompassing, a person sacrifices everything. So the heroine of M. Bulgakov’s novel Margarita left her apparently prosperous life for the sake of love. Everything seemed to be fine with her: a husband holding a prestigious position, a large apartment, at a time when many people were living in communal apartments. (Margarita Nikolaevna did not need money. Margarita Nikolaevna could buy everything she liked. Among her husband’s acquaintances there were interesting people. Margarita Nikolaevna never touched a primus stove. Margarita Nikolaevna did not know the horrors of living in a shared apartment. In a word... was she happy? Not one minute!) But there was no main thing - love... there was only loneliness (And I was struck not so much by her beauty as by the extraordinary, unprecedented loneliness in her eyes! - the words of the Master). (C yellow flowers in my arms she came out that day so that I would finally find her; if this had not happened, she would have been poisoned, because her life was empty.) And when love came, Margarita went to her beloved .(She looked at me in surprise, and I suddenly, and completely unexpectedly, realized that I had loved this woman all my life! - the master will say) What played here main role? Feelings? Of course yes. Intelligence? Probably him too, because Margarita consciously abandoned an outwardly prosperous life. And it doesn’t matter to her anymore that she lives in a small apartment. The main thing is that he is her Master nearby. She helps him finish his novel. She is even ready to become the queen at Woland’s ball - all this for the sake of love. So both reason and feelings were in harmony in Margarita’s soul. (Follow me, reader! Who told you that there is no real, true, eternal love? May the liar's vile tongue be cut out!) Do we judge the heroine? Here everyone will answer in their own way. But still, living with an unloved person is also wrong. So the heroine made a choice, choosing the path of love - the strongest feeling a person can experience. |
"Honor and dishonor."
This is exactly how the second direction of topics is designated graduation essay in literature in 2017.
Human morality is based on many concepts. Honor is one of them. IN explanatory dictionaries you can find a variety of definitions of this word:
o Moral qualities worthy of respect and pride
o Honor is a combination of qualities such as justice, fidelity, truthfulness, dignity and nobility.
o This is the willingness to defend one’s interests, the interests of loved ones, the people, and the state.
o This is the ability to neglect one’s own good for the sake of others, even the willingness to give one’s life for the sake of justice.
o Remaining true to ideals and principles