“Eugene Onegin” is a work in which “the century is reflected.” The disease of the century, the disease “ extra people” was “Russian blues”. Pushkin dedicated his novel to the study of this phenomenon. Main character Roman, having rich spiritual and intellectual potential, cannot find application for his abilities in the society in which he lives. In the novel, Pushkin poses the question: why did this happen? To answer it, the poet explores both the personality of Onegin, a young nobleman of the 10s and early 20s of the 19th century, and the environment that shaped him. That is why the novel talks in such detail about Onegin’s upbringing and education. His upbringing is superficial and fruitless, devoid of national foundations.
In the first chapter, the poet describes in detail Onegin’s pastime, his office, even his lunch. We see a young nobleman, “a child of fun and luxury.” The life of St. Petersburg society is “monotonous and motley,” empty and artificial. Onegin, being a fairly intelligent and critical person, capable of judging himself and the world, became disillusioned with the bustle of society and was overcome by the “Russian blues.” Such a critical attitude to reality puts Onegin above most people in his circle. But Pushkin does not accept his pessimism and “gloominess”. The desire for freedom (personal and social), creativity, love could have been accessible to Onegin, but were drowned out in him by his environment, upbringing, and society.
External circumstances - the death of his uncle, the need to enter into inheritance rights - give Onegin the opportunity to change his usual environment.
Two days seemed new to him.
Lonely fields
The coolness of the gloomy oak tree,
The babbling of a quiet stream;
On the third grove, hill and field
He was no longer occupied...
Onegin's instant cooling towards rural beauty conveys his satiety and loss of the ability to admire beauty. However, seeing the Larin sisters for the first time, he was able to discern Tatyana’s special, hidden beauty:
...I would choose another,
If only I were like you, a poet.
Having met Lensky, Onegin reflects on Rousseau’s “social contract”, science, religion, moral problems, that is, about everything that occupied the minds advanced people that time. But Pushkin shows the complex interweaving of “old” and “new” in the hero’s personality. Onegin, having gone to a duel with Lensky, turned out to be “not a man with honor and intelligence,” he was afraid of the “opinion of the world,” which he so despised.
The murder of a friend shocked Onegin. He felt lonely, empty, and had “wanderlust.”
The journey changed Onegin. Intense experiences and reflections enriched him inner world. Now he is able not only to coldly analyze, but also to deeply feel and love. For Pushkin, love is an opportunity to “awaken the soul.” After Tatiana's refusal, after spiritual rebirth, after a moral shock, Onegin must begin new life, it can no longer develop in the previous direction.
The final is open. Onegin's future is unknown. After all, a person’s fate depends not only on the characteristics of his personality, his aspirations and ideals, but also on external events. Time changes and brings a lot of unexpected things. Social conditions are emerging in a new way, and future life the hero - whether his soul will be reborn or completely extinguished - remains outside the scope of the novel.
A.S. Pushkin created a brilliant work. The novel “Eugene Onegin” became a reflection of Russian life, and at the same time, a story about the fate of a unique character, not entirely common for Russian literature.
The nobleman Evgeny Onegin lived in Moscow. He became the heir to his deceased uncle's substantial fortune. From Pushkin’s side there is a note of affection towards the hero, as he calls him “a good friend.”
The author is attracted by Evgeniy’s difficult fate and likes his complex character. Pushkin describes Onegin’s life in Moscow, constant visit social events. But as the action progresses, the reader witnesses how Eugene gets bored with this lifestyle and the “noise of the world.” U young man there is a feeling that he is in the wrong place, because the capital’s entertainment does not bring him pleasure.
The drama of Onegin's fate lies in the meaninglessness, in the hero's opinion, of his own existence in this world. He was tired of boredom and routine. Onegin does not believe that high goals can be achieved. He does not have any values, so a miserable life awaits him.
After meeting Tatyana, it may seem that the hero should perk up, feeling love.
But the languid melancholy did not leave him, because Onegin does not believe in the existence true love, and that Tatyana has the ability to sincere feeling. And he himself is not yet capable of falling in love.
True, Pushkin does not want to leave everything exactly this way, so he uses a circular plot, according to which, after a while, a meeting takes place between Onegin and Tatyana. During it they change roles. The hero feels the tragedy of unrequited love. Although this character is unhappy
not only in love relationships. He is not given the opportunity to know true friendship. Pushkin admits that Lensky and Onegin “have nothing to do as friends,” therefore, when a situation arose in front of them that implied the inevitability of a duel, they did not go against public opinion in order to maintain friendship. Onegin is unhappy because he missed all the chances to be happy in his life.
Updated: 2017-01-24
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Essay text:
Eugene Onegin is a work that reflects the century. The disease of the century, the disease of superfluous people, was the Russian blues. Pushkin dedicated his novel to the study of this phenomenon. The main character of the novel, having rich spiritual and intellectual potential, cannot find application for his abilities in the society in which he lives. In the novel Pushkin poses the question: why did this happen? To answer it, the poet explores the personality of Onegin, a young nobleman of the 10s and early 20s of the 19th century, and the environment that shaped him. That is why the novel talks in such detail about Onegin’s upbringing and education. His upbringing is superficial and fruitless, devoid of national foundations. In the first chapter, the poet describes in detail Onegin’s pastime, his office, even his lunch. We see a young nobleman, the fun and luxury of his life. The life of St. Petersburg society is monotonous and colorful, empty and artificial. Onegin, being a fairly intelligent and critical person, capable of judging himself and the world, became disillusioned with the bustle of society, and was overcome by the Russian blues. Such a critical attitude to reality puts Onegin above most people in his circle. But Pushkin does not accept his pessimism and gloominess. The desire for freedom (personal and social), creativity, love could have been accessible to Onegin, but were drowned out in him by his environment, upbringing, and society. External circumstances, the death of his uncle and the need to enter into inheritance rights, give Onegin the opportunity to change his usual environment. Two days seemed new to him. Secluded fields, The coolness of a gloomy oak tree, The murmuring of a quiet stream; On the third, the grove, hill and field no longer occupied Him... Onegin's instant cooling towards rural beauty conveys his satiety and loss of the ability to admire the beautiful. However, seeing the Larin sisters for the first time, he was able to discern the special, hidden beauty of Tatyana: ... I would choose another, If I were like you, a poet. Having met Lensky, Onegin reflects on Rousseau’s social contract, on science, religion, moral problems, that is, on everything that occupied the minds of progressive people of that time. But Pushkin shows the complex interweaving of old and new in the hero’s personality. Onegin, having gone to a duel with Lensky, turned out to be not a man with honor and intelligence; he was afraid of the opinion of the world, which he so despised. The murder of a friend shocked Onegin. He felt lonely, empty, and began to feel wanderlust. The journey changed Onegin. Intense experiences and reflections enriched his inner world. Now he is able not only to coldly analyze, but also to deeply feel and love. For Pushkin, love is an opportunity to awaken the soul. After Tatiana’s refusal, after spiritual rebirth, after a moral shock, Onegin must begin a new life; it can no longer develop in the same direction. The finale is open. Onegin's future is unknown. After all, a person’s fate depends not only on the characteristics of his personality, his aspirations and ideals, but also on external events. Time changes, bringing a lot of unexpected things. Social conditions are taking shape in a new way, and the further life of the hero, whether his soul is reborn or completely extinguished, remains outside the scope of the novel.
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A. S. Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin", written in 1823-1831, reflected the life of Russian society in one of most interesting moments its development - in the era of awakening self-awareness in society after Patriotic War 1812, during the period of the appearance of “extra people” among the nobility and the emergence of secret societies.
A true writer always reflects in his work what is characteristic of the era in which he lives and works. Leafing through the pages of the novel, you are immersed in the unique world of Pushkin’s 20s of the 19th century: you walk through the Summer Garden with Onegin the child, you observe the arrogant boredom of the St. Petersburg living room, you hear the conversations of the local owners “about wine, about the kennel, about your relatives,” you worry with Tatyana her first and only love, you admire the magnificent pictures of Russian nature.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin surprisingly accurately, with a few strokes, draws the life and way of life of all layers of the Russian nobility. St. Petersburg society sets the tone.
Sometimes he would still be in bed: They would bring notes to him. What? Invited? In fact, Three Houses are calling for the evening... What is Onegin's day filled with? A walk along the boulevard, a luxurious lunch in a fashionable restaurant, a theater, a ball and a late return home, when “Restless Petersburg” is already awakening. It is symbolic that the labor city, expressively and succinctly depicted by Pushkin, lives in a different time. Their paths do not cross.
What about my Onegin? Half asleep He rides from the ball to bed: And restless Petersburg has already been awakened by the drum. A merchant gets up, a peddler walks, a cab driver pulls past the stock exchange, the okhtenka hurries with a jug, the morning snow crunches under her... The main character of the novel lives in an era when serfdom, which the progressive nobility opposed, has not yet been abolished. This was a time of awakening of self-awareness in society, which could not but affect the external side of the life of the nobility. We see how the circle of acquaintance with Western European literature. The names of Kant, A. Smith, Gibbon, Herder, Rousseau speak of the interest of the nobles not only in fiction, but also to serious scientific works:
Scolded Homer, Theocritus; But he read Adam Smith and was a deep economist, that is, he knew how to judge how the state grows rich, and how it lives, and why it does not need gold, when it has a simple product. A. S. Pushkin reveals the interests and intellectual hobbies of the noble intelligentsia not only in the image of Onegin, but also in the image of his friend Lensky. In these characters of different characters, the intellectual level of young people of that time is fully and deeply revealed. They are united by an inquisitive mind and erudition. The disputes of these representatives of the noble youth are based on the works of European philosophers, economists, and historians. This indicates the orientation of young nobles of that time towards culture Western Europe, which, on the one hand, indicates their high level of education, and on the other, a loss of interest in everything Russian. Tatyana feels this especially acutely, having become an “indifferent princess”, “a legislator of the hall”. What deep sadness sounds in her words addressed to Onegin: ... Now I’ll be glad to give away All this rags of a masquerade, All this glitter, and noise, and fumes For a shelf of books, for a wild garden, For our poor home... Pushkin managed show the Moscow nobility unusually clearly. He introduced us to this light, “the color of the capital”, in the faces - these are “nobles” and “fashion models”, “faces encountered everywhere, necessary fools”. At the ball we see a “ball dictator”, and a “stray traveler”, and a subject who has earned fame for his “baseness of soul”, and “an angry gentleman at everything” - but there is no efficient person among them.
In the barren dryness of speeches, Questions, gossip and news, No thoughts will flare up for the whole day, Even by chance, even at random; The dark mind will not smile, The heart will not tremble, even for a joke. And you won’t even find funny stupidity in you, the light is empty. The exact description of the metropolitan elite given by Pushkin in these lines shows the stiffness, arrogance, falsehood, as well as the deadly boredom of this brilliant and empty life. Representatives landed nobility stupid and undeveloped. Their conversations are meaningless: about haymaking, about relatives, about the kennel; At Tatyana’s name day, “the target of gaze and judgment” was a fatty pie, “unfortunately, over-salted.” Onegin’s blues and Tatiana’s deep and hidden sadness become understandable, as it is difficult for them to live in such an environment.
Tatyana wants to listen closely to conversations, to general conversation; But everyone in the living room is occupied by such incoherent, vulgar nonsense; Everything about them is so pale and indifferent; They even slander boringly... As a result, we come to the conclusion that the basis of the character of the Moscow nobles is lack of spirituality, lack of any interests, and stagnation of life. But at the same time, we notice that the Larin family is described by Pushkin differently, with sympathy, because he is attracted to the simplicity and absence of falsehood in these people:
They kept life peaceful
Habits of a dear old man;
At their Shrovetide
There were Russian pancakes;
Twice a year they fasted,
Loved the round swing
There are songs, a round dance... The author clearly sympathizes with the Larins because of their closeness to the Russians national traditions. The best moral qualities Tatiana was raised not by a French governess, but by a serf nanny. No wonder Tatiana, overcome by love for Onegin, opens her soul to her nanny as to herself. to a loved one in the world. But when you read their dialogue, you get the impression that these two women are talking in different languages, completely misunderstanding each other. In the story “The Gray-haired Filipyevna” we find Pushkin’s condemnation of serfdom, which deprives people even of the right to love.
But the soul of the people lives in the song that the yard girls sing, “picking berries in the bushes,” in fairy tales, customs, and rituals. Therefore, the description of nature is filled with paintings in the novel folk life, which gives it a national flavor.
The novel "Eugene Onegin" is a complex and multifaceted work in which A. S. Pushkin deals with the resolution of a variety of difficulties, both moral, cultural, and social, economic, and everyday. This novel is a true encyclopedia of Russian life, which reflects not only the destinies of people, but also eternal problems, existing at any time.
In his novel “Eugene Onegin,” Pushkin gives a broad, complete and true picture of the life of Russian society of his time. He draws life and customs different groups nobility: St. Petersburg, Moscow and local. But most fully it reveals the images of representatives younger generation.
The main character of the novel, the young nobleman Eugene Onegin, is shown by Pushkin as a person with a very complex and contradictory character. The poet does not hide his shortcomings and does not try to justify them. Already from the first chapter we learn that the author became friends with Onegin, that the poet “liked his features” and that he loved spending time with him. The author treats his friend differently throughout the novel. Although he values Onegin’s friendship, he sometimes treats him ironically, and sometimes strictly condemns his behavior. The inconsistency in Onegin's character makes his image more lifelike, far from schematism. Onegin is not a “positive”, but also not a “negative” hero.
Pushkin, considering the life of Onegin, draws great attention for his upbringing. It had a disastrous effect on the hero. As a result, Onegin emerged as a real egoist, a man who thinks only about himself, about his desires and pleasures, who does not know how to pay attention to the feelings, interests, and suffering of other people, who can easily offend, insult, and cause grief to a person without even noticing it. This is how Onegin would have remained for us if we had not learned about several events that Pushkin narrates with extraordinary accuracy and which had a powerful effect on the hero of the novel. And under their influence, Onegin discovers properties of his character that he did not even suspect. First of all, it was Onegin’s murder of his young friend, Lensky, in a duel. Onegin is horrified by this senseless crime. The murder of Lensky turned the hero’s whole life upside down. He is no longer able to live in those places where everything reminded him of what he had done, which is why he sets out to wander.
He was overcome with anxiety
Wanderlust...
Onegin can no longer, as before, go through life, completely ignoring the feelings and experiences of the people he encounters, and think only about himself. The hero who returned from the journey is not like the former Onegin. He has become much more serious, more attentive to those around him, now he is capable of strong feelings that completely captivate him and shake his soul. And then fate brings him and Tatyana together again.
Tatyana, Pushkin’s “sweet ideal,” is the main character novel. Tatyana is the personification of goodness, high soul, loyalty and integrity of nature. Pushkin calls his heroine “Russian soul.” But if the former Onegin had not seen the whole inner beauty Tatiana, but new Onegin can already appreciate Tatyana truly, and passionately, sincerely falls in love with her. This feeling is now the whole meaning of his life for him, and if Tatyana does not accept his love, then he has no life. But he will be refused, because Tatyana’s concept of honor will not allow her to break her word, given to God and to myself: “I love you (why lie?), but I am given to another, I will be faithful to him forever.” Tatyana's main quality is her high spiritual nobility, strong developed sense duty, which takes precedence over her strongest feelings. She believes that if she herself, of her own free will, freely made a promise to a person she does not love to be a faithful wife to him, then she is obliged to keep this word given by her inviolably. This subordination of all her actions to a sense of duty, inability to deceive, to make deals with her conscience, attracts our attention to the heroine. It is not for nothing that for Pushkin she is a “sweet ideal,” although he does not endow her with either beauty or nobility, but creates the image of a Russian woman with excellent spiritual qualities. Even the former Onegin pays attention to this and says to Lensky: “I would choose another if I were like you, a poet. Olga has no life in her features...” A poetic soul is felt in Tatyana at first glance.
In addition to the main characters, the closest to the author, Onegin and Tatiana, there is another wonderful image in the novel - the image of the romantic young man Lensky. Pushkin told us about his short life and rather sad fate. In the person of Lensky, Pushkin gave artistic image a very common type of young romantic at that time. Lensky is an enthusiastic lyric poet, his beliefs are the most noble, the most advanced: dreams of freedom of the people, “freedom-loving dreams,” as the author calls them. But the hero does not know or understand life at all. “A dear ignoramus at heart,” he perceives people and life romantically, believes in high friendship, in eternal, perfect love. And, as it seems to him, he has found all this: Onegin’s friendship, Olga’s love. But he dies from the first blow of fate. Perhaps this is for the best, since in the memory of the other heroes and readers of the novel, Lensky will forever remain an ardent, passionate young man, a romantic dreamer.
Pushkin, in order to more fully show all aspects of the life of noble society in the 10-20s of the 19th century, also gives in his novel the image of Olga, Tatyana’s younger sister. Olga is the complete opposite of her sister. She is cheerful and attractive, but this cannot hide the poverty of her spiritual world. “Always modest, always obedient,” Olga is one of those who, without hesitation, follows the rules accepted among the nobility.
She did not cry for Lensky for long and soon got married, according to V.G. Belinsky, “repeating her mother, with minor changes that time required.”
So, Pushkin showed, using the example of his favorite heroes, the life of the youth of his time. Of course, the fate of each of them could have been more successful. But this depended not only on the heroes themselves, but also on the rules established in noble society at that time. Nevertheless, Pushkin not only defines the main enemy of youth - the aimless and idle life provided by the labor of serfs, but also indicates the path along which the best representatives of the nobility could go in the 10-20s of the 19th century.