Unfamiliar didactic material. Rules of etiquette intended for the upper strata of Russian society at the end of the 19th century. Life in the world, at home and at court Dash between subject and predicate

Gallantry, respectfulness, courtesy, courtesy, politeness, haberdashery, bonton, tactfulness, deference, courtliness, delicacy, courtesy, subtlety, correctness Dictionary of Russian synonyms. courtesy see... ... Dictionary of synonyms

Courtesy- Courtesy ♦ Courtoisie Court politeness, similar to civil courtesy. There is undoubtedly more subtlety, sophistication and elegance in politeness than in mere politeness. Much more? Then this is no longer politeness, but snobbery or affectation... Sponville's Philosophical Dictionary

SUITE, oh, oh; Iv. Respectfully polite. U. visitor. U. bow. To answer politely (adv.) Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 … Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

courtesy- the greatest courtesy... Dictionary of Russian Idioms

courtesy- COURTESY, and, f The same as politeness. Exquisite, subtle courtesy was a characteristic of Larisa’s manner of communication... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns

J. abstract noun according to adj. polite Explanatory dictionary of Efremova. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova

Courtesy, courtesy, courtesy, courtesy, courtesy, courtesy, courtesy, courtesy, courtesy, courtesy, courtesy, courtesy (Source: “Full accentuated paradigm according to A. A. Zaliznyak”) ... Forms of words

Rudeness... Dictionary of antonyms

courtesy- courtesy, and... Russian spelling dictionary

courtesy- (3 f), R., D., Ave. take note... Spelling dictionary of the Russian language

Books

  • Men and Muses, Peter Hax. Peter Hax had enormous erudition in the field of the history of world culture. "A Conversation in the Stein Family..." and "Muses" provide a glimpse into the bizarre relationships within family triangles...
  • Business and civil etiquette. History and modernity. Guide for well-mannered people, Zakharova Oksana Yurievna. Manners, politeness, politeness, and the ability to behave in society have been important at all times, and even though the rules may have changed over time, their significance has remained unchanged. The purpose of this book is...

True courtesy may be defined as favor in small things and consists in the preference given every moment to others in everyday relations. It is constant attention to the needs of those with whom we live.
W. Pitt.

Discourtesy is not a special vice, but a consequence of many vices: empty vanity, lack of a sense of duty, laziness, stupidity, absent-mindedness, arrogance, envy.
J. Labruyère.

A polite way to avoid outright refusal is to change the conversation.
B. Gracian.

Courteous manners highlight virtues and make them pleasant.
J. Labruyère.

Courtesy is the bond that binds people who are strangers to each other.
Germaine de Stael

Courtesy is a defense. Culture is a shield.
Anais Nin

Be polite to everyone, but not friendly.
William Shakespeare

Courtesy brightens up: it gilds “no,” it sweetens the truth, it even browns old age. In all matters, the “how” is important; Friendliness, like a sharper, plays for sure.
Baltasar Gracian y Morales

Let your courtesy serve as a bait for feelings rather than for benefits, or for both. Merits alone are not enough, unless pleasantness is used - only it will make you loved.
Baltasar Gracian y Morales

The essence of courtesy is the desire to speak and behave in such a way that our neighbors are pleased with us and with themselves.
Jean le Labruyère

There is a kind of amiable behavior that seems arrogant.
Robert Walser

The greater a man is, the more courteous he is.
Alfred Tennyson

Every man is sensitive to a favorable manner of address, a pleasant manner of speaking, and easy courtesy, and all these qualities prepare the way for higher virtues to be favorably received.
Philip Dormer Stanhope Chesterfield

Courtesy and modesty indicate a person’s true enlightenment.
Honore de Balzac

Courtesy – main feature culture, a feigned potion that inspires love in others, just as discourtesy inspires contempt and indignation.
Baltasar Gracian

Excessive politeness entails a request.
Chinese proverb

Excessive politeness always hides pride.
Chinese proverb

Courtesy of mind is the ability to think with dignity and refinement.
Francois de La Rochefoucauld

Courtesy is prerequisite in relations between decent people: it teaches them to understand jokes, not to be indignant and not to outrage others with an overly harsh or arrogant tone, which often appears in those who ardently defend their opinions.
Francois de La Rochefoucauld

Courtesy will be everywhere
Location and trust
And stupid arrogance -
The key to hostility and enmity.
Lope de Vega

Clarity is the courtesy of people of the pen.
Jules Renard

Excessive politeness turns into flattery.
Japanese proverb

This book, first published in 1890 in St. Petersburg, contains rules of etiquette intended for upper strata Russian society at the end of the 19th century. The book consists of four sections, which describe in detail: behavior socialite in society (from the first appearances to the art of dressing); device home life(from furnishing the premises to major events in the family); life outside the home (which describes...(more) how to behave in church, in the theater, when traveling, etc.); life at court, containing the rules and customs necessary when communicating with reigning persons. In conclusion, writing etiquette and rules of behavior for men in society are given.

Despite the fact that the book is addressed to representatives of the noble class, the rules contained in it are perceived as an example of grace, sophistication, and sophistication characteristic of the period of the “Silver Age” of Russian culture. Therefore, the book will be of interest to both professional historians and cultural scientists, and to a wide circle readers who want to get acquainted with the values, norms and traditions of pre-revolutionary Russia.

Division I.Life in the light
Knowledge of the world in general
Politeness
Tact
First trips (of a young girl and a young man)
Young housewife
Woman alone
Public relations
Secular and social relations between men and women
Greetings
About bows and handshakes
Invitations
Visits and receptions in general
Social visits, business cards, gifts
Business and official visits
Hosts and guests
Small talk
Courtesies and compliments
About modesty and advice
About manners
Music in society
Bet
Photographic cards
Titles
The art of dressing
Symbolism of stones
"flowers and colors
" flowers
"simple colors
" " complex
Division II.Life at home
About furnishings
Relationships between family members
Relationships between superiors and inferiors
Relationships of parents and students to mentors and mentors
About customs during the most important events of life
Birth of a child and christening
Engagement and pre-wedding period
Wedding
Mourning and funeral
Division III.Life outside home
In the church
At the theater
Relations on the waters
Picnics and pleasure trips
Life in the village and in the country
Dacha dating
Travel customs
On the street and at public festivities
In the living room and at the ball
Dinner Parties, Breakfasts and Servings
Division IV. Life at court
Rules and customs when presenting to the highest persons
Addition
About letters
How should men behave in society?

Knowledge of the world in general

By knowledge of the world we mean knowledge of secular customs and politeness, and although quite a few manuals have been written on this issue, there is still a lot left to be said about it, if not new, then at least useful.

The knowledge of the world prescribes different laws for different positions, ages, sex; These laws are not the same for a society lady and a bourgeois woman, for a young man and an old man, for a young man and a young girl.

What would be the height of secular decency for some would seem the height of rudeness for others - and we must not forget that knowledge of the world combines customs with politeness.

Great minds assert that the knowledge of the world comes from the heart and does not need to be subject to rules, that grace, dignity, good manners are innate in persons of good society, and you often have to listen to the impertinent remark that you will never acquire these qualities by desire, unless you possess them arbitrarily, by right of birth. Such speech is an insult and vile flattery, since reason will tell you that there is no point in trying to acquire what you already have, or modesty will inspire you with humble hopelessness. Without a doubt, a certain amount of tact, common sense and feeling replaces knowledge of secular rules for many, and we are often surprised at the observance of decorum by people from whom we least expected it; The three qualities mentioned above seem to suggest what to do and prevent a positive violation of secular decorum. This property can simply be called sensitivity of nature.

The heart teaches us to sympathize with the misfortunes of our neighbors and treat them with kindness, no matter how we ourselves are placed - this is the knowledge of the world; common sense convinces us to respect merit, no matter what place it occupies in society - this is politeness; tact tells us when we should say goodbye so as not to seem intrusive - this is submission to secular laws.

But since not everyone belongs to exceptional natures, not everyone has tact, common sense and feeling - it is better to humbly follow the known, established rules. Besides, having the most beautiful heart, you may at the same time not know which corner of the business card should be folded as a sign of condolences and which as a sign of gratitude!

It would be a mistake, however, to think that it is necessary to obey the slightest rules of etiquette, and that those who do not comply with these rules deserve contempt. We must be strict with ourselves and strictly adhere to politeness, courtesy, etc., in relations with our neighbors, and in relation to these latter, on the contrary, show the greatest condescension; And we must remember that many sin not intentionally, but out of ignorance, and those who are offended by the lack of observance of propriety in others show even less tact than those accused themselves.

You must also be able to avoid petty rules of etiquette that can embarrass the owners of the house, while always observing the greatest politeness towards them.

Constant confinement in the circle of public ceremony cools short relationships; one should, however, strictly observe certain shades, giving the owners of the house more freedom than themselves.

Before proceeding to describe the conditions of life in the world of the house and at Court, we will say a few words about tact, politeness, decorum and customs.

Politeness

“Politeness is for the mind what beauty is for the face,” said Voltaire.

Labrussiere adds that “one must have very outstanding qualities in order not to need politeness.”

Politeness contains all the social virtues that we need in order to be useful and pleasant to others. It is obligatory in social life as well as in business and in life relationships in general. Without it, any relationship with people becomes impossible. Politeness softens morals, prevents quarrels, pacifies irritation and hatred, forcing us to restrain ourselves; Thanks to her, we gain the love of the higher and the respect of the lower.

It replaces friendliness if, unfortunately, we are deprived of this dignity.

Politeness, neither a quality nor a virtue, is a quality that we learn and must teach our children, just as we learn to speak correctly and dress with taste. Isn't politeness the form in which we clothe our actions?

There is an innate politeness of the heart that cannot be learned, but, we repeat, we are not addressing selected natures who do not need a leader, but ordinary mortals who have human weaknesses, such as indifference, frivolity, etc.

Politeness towards inferiors is a sign of real superiority and the best way to force them to be polite.

Politeness draws its rules from secular customs.

It must be instilled in the child from a very tender age so that later it does not become hypocritical; Exaggerated politeness can become an insult to the one to whom it applies, and baseness on the part of the one showing it. Anything insincere is unnatural and more or less exaggerated.

Complete modern encyclopedia of etiquette Yuzhin Vladimir Ivanovich

Rules of courtesy

Rules of courtesy

The way to behave in society, the external form of behavior, treatment of other people, expressions used in speech, tone, intonation, characteristic gait, gestures and even facial expressions - all this is called manners.

Society values ​​a person's modesty and restraint, the ability to control one's actions, and communicate carefully and tactfully with other people - it is on these qualities that good manners are based.

Bad manners are considered to be the habit of speaking loudly, without hesitation in expressions, swagger in gestures and behavior, sloppiness in clothing, rudeness, outright hostility towards others, disregard for other people’s interests and requests, shameless imposition of one’s will and desires on other people, inability to restrain one’s irritation, deliberate insult to the dignity of others, tactlessness, foul language, use of derogatory nicknames and nicknames.

Manners relate to the culture of human behavior and are regulated by etiquette. Etiquette implies a benevolent and respectful attitude towards all people, regardless of their position and social status. It includes polite treatment of a woman, respectful attitude towards elders, forms of address and greeting, rules of conversation and behavior at the table.

In general, etiquette in a civilized society coincides with general requirements politeness, which are based on the principles of humanism.

A prerequisite for communication is delicacy, which should not be excessive. Do not mistake flattery and unjustified praise of what you see or hear for this quality. There is no need to try hard to hide the fact that you are seeing, listening to, tasting something for the first time, for fear of seeming ignorant. Any pretense is repulsive.

The ability to behave correctly in various situations can protect you from an unfriendly attitude, which is certainly important for any person, and especially if we are talking about his business relations. The exchange of formal courtesies (unless it is outright fawning) is actually not such a banal thing as it seems at first glance. By showing the proper tact, you win over your interlocutor and leave a pleasant impression - that’s the whole axiom.

Be considerate towards a woman or an elderly person. Show your concern in the form of simple and unpretentious courtship. Give the woman a coat, let her pass first, sit her at a table in a cafe, pull up a chair for her, and invite her to look at the menu first. In order to behave this way, it is not at all necessary to graduate from diplomacy school. It is enough to just be polite and learn that the people around you deserve no less respect and attention than you do. Simply put, follow the ancient golden rule: treat other people the way you would like to be treated.

The idea of ​​excessive complexity of etiquette rules and the desire to simplify relationships is very controversial. Stopping showing each other signs of respect does not mean taking life easier.

This text is an introductory fragment. From the book 150 situations on the road that every driver should be able to solve author Kolisnichenko Denis Nikolaevich

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"Politeness is to the mind what beauty is to the face. "Voltaire

By knowledge of the world we mean knowledge secular customs and politeness. Politeness as a social virtue is necessary for us in order to be useful and pleasant to others. It is obligatory in social life as well as in business and in life relationships in general. Without it, any relationship with people becomes impossible.

Politeness is a quality that we learn and that we must teach our children, just as we learn to speak correctly and dress with taste. Labrussiere said that " one must have very outstanding qualities in order not to need politeness".

Secular and social relations between men and women - obey one general rule, which consists in the indispensable observance of politeness, courtesy and tact, and in the absence of selfishness: guided by this, it is easy to get on the real road.

Entering the world is an event in the life of a young girl that makes her heart beat faster and her cheeks flush with excitement.

Girl begins to go out into the world at the age of 16 to 20 years, depending on her development and also on certain circumstances relating to her mother and older sisters, she begins to go to theaters, to receptions, balls and dinners, makes all visits with her mother and receives meals with her guests at home

Between husband and wife, brother and sister, uncle and niece, cousin and cousin, the distance created by the difference between the sexes should always be felt: on the one hand, modesty and restraint are necessary, on the other, respect and consideration.


A man becomes rude and wild as soon as he ceases to be polite and attentive. That is why familiarity and complete freedom in friendship can exist between men or women, but are unthinkable between a man and a woman. Let us add that it is precisely this slight embarrassment and restraint that gives a special charm to their mutual relationship.

A decent person can only be called one who has nothing to hide from anyone, and who has no reason to blush for a single action in his life. A prudent married man should not make friends outside his home: he does not need them, and besides, he knows that such visits involve him in alien elements family life.
Nevertheless, all men, relying on their strong character, consider themselves entitled to have such friends whom they do not dare introduce to their family. From such relationships, however, serious troubles often arise.

When visiting a theater, those who take a box and invite acquaintances into it give up the front seats to these latter. If the two invitees are strangers to each other, then they both sit in front; if they are members of the same family, then only one of them should take advantage of this courtesy, and the other should resolutely refuse.

When walking with her husband and another man, along the street or in the garden, a woman should walk between them: it goes without saying that she walks arm in arm with only one: walking arm in arm with both is extremely ridiculous and ugly. The front seats in the theater are always given to ladies, no matter how respectable the age of the men accompanying them. But in the box of some princess, the minister sits in front of the princess’s lady of state, no matter how noble they are. Etiquette requires it.

Having seen friends at the theater, it is indecent to make signs to them, much less call them; they simply bow slightly without getting up; if it's very important person- he should stand up respectfully. During intermissions, men approach familiar ladies, no matter where they are sitting.
If the ladies are without a gentleman, you should offer to show them to the foyer and see them off when leaving. It is forbidden to offer food to strangers if there is no close acquaintance at home, or if they are not relatives. But if a man accompanies ladies to the theater, on the contrary, he should offer them ice cream, soft drinks or sweets.

It goes without saying that a man accompanying a woman, be it his wife, relative or acquaintance, should not leave her to talk with other women or offer them his services. During the intermission, he is allowed to leave for a few minutes and exchange a few words with a friend in the foyer; but he has no right to stay with other women he knows. If other men come to the box to talk for a few minutes with his lady, he can use this time to see his acquaintances, but must return before his companion is left alone.

A woman is considered to have lost her position in society from the moment she entered into a reprehensible relationship with a man,

A married woman and a widow can go to church, shop and make visits alone.
A woman who has a husband should not go to balls, the theater or dinners without him; if he does not like going out, she is condemned to share his solitude, of course, if she does not have a fiancee’s daughter: in the latter case, the mother is obliged to take her daughter out.


For For the first ball it is customary to dress a young girl in a light, simple, white suit, with a daisy or a pink bud in her hair and a blue or pink ribbon belt. No jewelry, except perhaps a string of pearls. The hairstyle should be simple, without frizzy curls and, especially, without frizzy hair. The corsage should not be too low-cut.
If a girl has a father, then he leads her into the hall by the hand, introduces her to his old friends, and the gentlemen who want to dance with his daughter are introduced to him.
A young girl showing up to the first ball in a pink dress, trimmed with flowers and ribbons, with gold necklaces and bracelets, would make an extremely unpleasant impression.
From the day the girl first appeared in the world, visitors left business cards for her in the same way as for her mother; In the invitation notes they invite her to evenings and dinners.


The first trip into the world of a young man, just left school. First of all, when appearing at a ball for the first time, he must take extreme care of his costume, be it a tailcoat or a uniform; boots, gloves, hat, tie, hairstyle - everything must be impeccable. Whatever the moral and mental qualities of the young man, he must forget about them and remember that at the ball he is only a dancer and an amiable gentleman. Therefore, he should try to be as attentive as possible to the owners of the house and to his ladies with whom he dances; his helpfulness to ladies young and old, beautiful and ugly, poor and rich, testifies to his excellent upbringing and refinement of feelings.


A woman should avoid receiving social acquaintances in her bedroom; a young girl cannot afford this under any pretext; Only a doctor, a close elderly relative, or a priest enters the bedroom, and then only if the patient cannot get up.
The first woman never asks a man about his health; and only after he inquired about how she was feeling did she ask him about the same thing, but in passing.

When a woman meets a man she knows on the street who will have the tactlessness to stop her or walk next to her, she must immediately invent an excuse to leave him, either by going to a store or taking a carriage.

In public places, women mostly sit on the side where fewer people pass by. When leaving a carriage, even a public one, a woman can accept help from a complete stranger and thank him with a kind word.

.Dear person does not compromise a woman, but on the contrary, makes her respect her too. But there are people whose mere acquaintance spoils a woman’s reputation. As absurd as this may seem, it is a fact. Neither age nor position means anything here: it’s all about a person’s decency.


A woman accepts the services and courtesy of her gentleman, whether he is her husband or just an acquaintance. She is polite, grateful, but at the same time reserved. She does not force herself to ask, but takes for herself by right the best places everywhere and the best pieces at the table: a woman is a slave who forces herself to be served, a man is a master who obeys. Her room should be the best in the house. Failure to do all this shows contempt on the part of the husband.



A man is always obliged to help a woman in difficulty - no matter whether she is old or young, beautiful or ugly. In response to her expression of gratitude, he raises his hat and immediately leaves.
It is awkward for a woman to refuse these small favors, or accept them as courtship.

A decent woman will never agree to visit a man who has not introduced his wife to her.
During visits, a woman cannot say goodbye and leave with one of the visitors, so as not to give rise to slander; a man should not do the same to a woman.

A young man should not offer a bouquet or flowers to a young girl unless she is his bride, or a friend of the bride for whom he is best man. However, on occasion, he can offer a flower or a bouquet to the girl’s mother and herself.
While walking with the ladies, a man can buy bouquets on the street, but with the purpose of presenting them to all his companions. He should never allow a woman of his circle to buy a bouquet in his presence; he should hurry to pay for it, and the lady should not interfere with him, but out of delicacy, she will do better if she does not want to buy flowers, knowing what this obliges her gentleman to.

Tact is the head of everything: having it, you will always find a way out of difficulties.
Tact is not exactly the same as common sense, although it follows from this latter, it is a refined feeling, as if of second sight, indicating where and when you need to stop, what is indecent to show, and what, on the contrary, will make a pleasant impression on your interlocutor. In the world, tact serves as an enormous resource; he alone can lead a person far: but one should not, however, assume that tact is not needed in the family circle.
Tact, as a feeling, cannot be defined; it is something elusive. For this reason, rude characters do not notice it, and only selected impressionable natures know its value.
Sometimes tact is given to a person without education and wealth, and at the same time, people who are placed very highly are deprived of it.

What should one do in certain cases? widow, or single woman with no family. It is obvious that there are many difficult circumstances from which one can get out only with the help of great tact and a deep knowledge of secular customs. For a single woman there are three very different situations: she either does not marry at all, in other words, remains an old maid, or becomes a widow, or separates from her husband.

In conversation she should be very reserved, and she is never given primacy in the ceremony of social etiquette. A young widow must live with her husband’s family during the entire period of mourning; this is mandatory; if she is very young and if the parents of the deceased do not have other children, she should live with them until she remarries.
If she has children, she can live alone.

A single woman is not obliged to give dinners in return for those to which she is invited. At the same time, she should not be too secluded, and those people with whom she is not very close, she should show hospitality by receiving them in her home, if she herself intends to visit them. She can invite men to her dinners and evenings, who will then pay her a visit on her reception day.

At any age and in any position, however, it is absolutely impossible for a woman to be alone at evenings or at the theater. Therefore, in this case, it is quite decent to accept the services of a relative, friend, sometimes even a friend of one of them.

source Book "Life in the world, at home and at court": rules of etiquette intended for the upper strata of Russia" (1890, St. Petersburg http://antikclub.ru/load/club_collektors/books/1/31-1- 0-890



Rules of etiquette for the upper strata of Russia. Part 2


From the book "Life in the world, at home and at court" 1890, St. Petersburg- pay attention, friends, how deep a meaning was put into the concept of secular etiquette in the times of the nobles, but even now these laws are not outdated, and now we can observe upstarts and arrogants “clinging” to power, and even from the “elite” “Vulgarly familiar behavior is not uncommon. At first it is difficult to read due to the symbols of the old font, but then you get used to it and everything becomes intelligible.


Social relations.

Nothing requires such a deep knowledge of the world as social relations.
In a strict sense, it concerns only the relations between different classes of society, and we constantly meet people who show in this subject the greatest tactlessness.

I was received by an important person who I asked for a favor, would you advise me to bow to him when I meet? and can I talk to him?
— Our answer was: no, because your relationship is fleeting, and the difference in rank does not allow you to hope for equality between you. If this person wishes to recognize you, then he will do so himself; One should not boast about this very fragile acquaintance, which arose due to mere chance.


The properties of relationships depend on the causes that gave rise to them. Thus, an acquaintance established in a salon on the basis of equality, as a result of the mutual desire of the parties, and without any other reason other than mutual sympathy, is simply called secular relations. If after the first date an invitation comes from any party, it is responded to with a visit and a similar invitation; exchange cards, invitations and all kinds of pleasantries, within the framework of secular decency

If the basis of the acquaintance is some kind of interest, and if the mutual introduction occurred at the request of the interested party, then this is already not a secular relationship: the highest person is paid a visit, but he is not obliged to pay it back or leave his card.

Business relations do not require any personal courtesies. Outside the office, office or store, acquaintance ceases, whatever the situation in society.

They say talent and intelligence replace wealth and nobility. This is absolutely fair, but along with talent and intelligence it is also necessary to have common sense and a sense of self-worth. It happens that a music teacher considers herself equal to the duchess, meanwhile, it may turn out that the musician does not have not only a title, but also talent, while the duchess has both nobility and talent, but does not boast about them.


Most people adhere to the rules of etiquette out of decency and habit: from modesty about oneself and from respect for people. Indeed, a modest and kind person unconsciously understands all shades of secular connections, whatever his position in society.

So, the most important and titled boss must always be kind and polite to his subordinates; the subordinate, in turn, if he does not have inappropriate pride, should know that he has no need to be afraid of being too respectful. Respect, modesty and politeness do not have anything low or bad in themselves, and they should not be confused with servility, as many do by mistake.



True sophistication consists in observing the greatest politeness in everything, down to the most insignificant details.

A woman agrees not to be considered a beauty, on the condition that she be called sophisticated; many people are ready to admit that they are neither rich nor noble, knowing that their sophistication completely replaces gold and coats of arms; finally, both intelligence and talent need sophistication just as it is necessary for beauty, wealth and nobility. Therefore, whoever really wants to be refined must observe the most refined politeness in his social relations. (Golden words!!!)

Many upstarts, eager to show off their secular manners, often justify their careless nods to friends when meeting, their gritted responses to the politeness of persons below them in the social hierarchy, and their vulgar familiarity with their superiors by the fact that they imitate models from the highest circle; but we can argue that these examples are completely devoid of tact and good taste, and unfortunately, they are found in all strata of society. It is not enough to be born a prince to have knowledge of the world, and a working woman who knows her place is much smarter in this case than a high-society lady who rattles off her titles.


Knowing your place is what’s hard! What would happen if an employee did not recognize the primacy of his boss, soldier-officer, child-parents? (Has socialism come out?) Let everyone take his place, and social relations will cease to be confused and spoiled by envy, jealousy, vanity and pride.


To receive an insult from an old man and not think about taking revenge on him does not mean humiliation; they forgive him because of his age and gray hair; in the same way, bowing under the blessing of a bishop or before the title of marshal.

You should never publicly impose your company on a high-ranking person, especially if he is with people of his own circle. Much more pride lies in trying to avoid shame by keeping in the background than trying to take first place.


In general, in all relationships between people, even the closest and most friendly ones, you need to avoid intrusiveness, but on the contrary, try to get others to seek your company. But without being intrusive, at the same time you need to express the measure of friendliness and cordiality.



In all public relations, restraint, forbearance and politeness are necessary.


A chatterbox, an envious person, an ill-wisher, a curious person is not only capable of quarreling best friends, causing the greatest misfortunes, making the innocent suffer, but cannot even hope to have friends.


How many troubles and even misfortunes can be caused by one careless word, sometimes spoken without any malicious intent!


Then, all that remains is to follow the rules of etiquette and social life in order to exist in peace and contentment, making those around us as happy as we ourselves.