Contest methodological developments literature lessons on the topic: “Literature is when the reader is as talented as the writer”
“Family Thought” in M. Sholokhov’s novel “ Quiet Don»
MBOU Lyceum "MOK No. 2" Voronezh
Target:
Find out what the happiness of the family is based on;
Develop the ability to analyze episodes;
Continue to develop students’ creative abilities to analyze the aesthetic originality of the language and style of a work of art;
Methodical techniques: teacher's word, analytical conversation, expressive reading of a passage, analysis of an episode, role-playing reading, test work (preparation for the Unified State Exam);
Equipment:
Sholokhov;
Panel with a blooming apple tree;
Computer, projector;
Card for individual work: analyze the scenes of “In the Haymaking”;
Illustrations for the artist’s novel;
The topic of the lesson and the epigraph “Happy is he who is happy at home”;
Lesson progress:
1. Teacher's word:
2008 in Russia was the Year of the Family. Family is the unit of any state, the basis human life. Moscow Metropolitan Filaret compares the state with a tree, and the family with its roots. “For a tree to turn green, bloom and bear fruit, its root must be strong,” teaches the saint.
What does a person need for his family to be strong and happy?
(Students’ answers: children, love, health, happiness, mutual understanding, respect, wisdom, work, etc. - are written down on separate sheets of paper and attached to the roots blossoming apple tree(panel board).
Teacher: He once said: “Happy is he who is happy at home,” and I agree with him. The topic of today's lesson is: “Family Thought” in the novel “Quiet Don”. You and I must find out how Sholokhov shows his family and what is its happiness based on? Let's, guys, go into the house on the banks of the quiet Don and take a look.
2. Checking homework.(Find scenes of happy family life and analyze).
Expressive reading of passages.
(Sholokhov “Quiet Don”. Moscow. Eksmo 2003)
“... Panteley Prokofievich was the first to tear himself away from sleep...” (vol. 1, chapter 2, p. -10)
“Gregory began to bestow seven gifts” (vol. 1, part 5, chapter 13, p.-596)
3. Role-playing reading of the “Fishing” scene.(chapter 2, p.-11)
Teacher: So, let's conclude with you: What role does the family play in M. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don”?
(Student answers): Sholokhov is connected with the Don land, he knew very well the specifics of the Cossack family, so it is not for nothing that the Melekhov family occupies a central place in the novel. The history of this family gives an idea of the peasant way of life, the morals, and traditions of the Cossacks. The moral unity of the family is the ideal for the author.
4. Analysis of the episode of the scene “In the haymaking”.
Teacher: Based on the novel “Quiet Don”, first S. Gerasimov and then S. Bondarchuk made a wonderful film. Let's watch this scene (video from the film). The student... at the beginning of the lesson was given the task: analyze this episode, listen to it.
(Student's answer)
Since ancient times it has been the custom that the whole farm comes out to mow. The mowers and rowers dress as if for an annual holiday. We see this in the Melekhov family. Work unites them. Look with what love Panteley Prokofievich prepares for work. Before starting work, according to Russian custom, he crosses himself on the little white pod of a distant bell tower. He, as expected in the family, goes first. Behind him, not lagging behind, Gregory “spreads a scythe of grass.” Our heroes are happy because peasant work gives them joy and pleasure. After hard work, everyone has dinner together: “Panteley Prokofievich passionately slurped the porridge, crunching undercooked millet in his teeth. Aksinya, without raising her eyes, reluctantly smiled at Daria.”
5. Analytical conversation.
Teacher: Sholokhov showed a chronicle of several generations, families
from different social strata: Melekhovs, Korshunovs, Mokhovs, Astakhovs, Lesnitskys. The Melekhov family is presented through the description of several couples.
Can at least one of the families be called happy?
(Student answers): Daria and Peter, Aksinya and Stepan have no spiritual closeness, there is no love between them, they have no children. The closest thing to the author’s understanding of a full-fledged family is the relationship between Grigory and Natalya: they have 2 children, the Melekhov family is not interrupted.
Teacher: Sholokhov does not always idealize the Cossack family. Guys, give examples of violence and cruelty in the family.
6. Artistic retelling of episodes.
(Students’ answers): “father’s abuse of young Aksinya, his brutal murder,” “Stepan’s cruel treatment of Aksinya,” “molestation of Natalya’s own brother.”
Teacher: One of eternal values is love. It is no coincidence that A. Kuprin said that “love is a gift from God, which is given once in a lifetime and which must be earned before God.” Gregory was lucky: next to him were two loving women: Aksinya and Natalya.
7. Discussion. Who does Gregory love?
(Student answers): Gregory loves both women. Natalya amazes him with her “inner” purity, beauty, wisdom, she lives according to her conscience, keeping the commandments. Even before her death, she asks her son to kiss his father for her. Such love could not help but touch Gregory, and he could not just leave the house where his parents and his children live. Aksinya’s love is most likely a passion that is stronger than Melekhov. He rushes between two women, but never leaves the family. At the end of the novel we see Aksinya raising Gregory’s children and praying for him. However, this happiness turned out to be short-lived: the civil war destroyed the family and took away almost everything from Gregory: Aksinya, the house. husband sister becomes Mishka Kosheva, his brother's killer.
8. Test work. Preparation for the Unified State Exam (see test)
9. Research work.
Teacher: for today’s lesson, a group of students conducted their research and had to answer the question : Which of M. Sholokhov’s predecessors depicted in his works
(Students' response):
The theme of family has been relevant at all times. And in Russian classical literature it sounds like one of the most important. We see that even in ancient times, family relationships became the subject of depiction in “The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom.” The heroes are happy because they live according to God’s commandments, do good, and maintain love and loyalty.
In the story "Old World Landowners" with sincere feeling showed us a family to admire. Afanasy Ivanovich and Pulcheria Ivanovna are devoted to each other, sweet and pleasant with their spiritual purity and mutual love.
We see the same strong relationships in “ The captain's daughter" The Mironov family and the Grinev family are two beautiful trees, which can be seen by their fruits. Their children, Peter and Mary, constantly saw the example of their parents, were brought up according to the commandments of God, knew that those who honor their parents “will live long and prosper on earth,” and therefore they were happy, uniting their destinies. They saw their parents' marital fidelity and deep respect for each other from childhood. As their parents blessed them, this is how they lived: they cherished honor from a young age, trusted in God in everything and were happy.
In the novel "War and Peace" he talks about different families: this is the family of princes Bolkonsky, preserving aristocratic traditions, and representatives of the Moscow nobility of the Rostovs, and the Kurakin family, deprived of mutual respect, sincerity and connections.
(Answer 2 students): The theme of family worried not only writers, but also artists. Let's commit virtual tour V Tretyakov Gallery, where paintings by great masters of painting are displayed in a small cozy room.
(Presentation show)
10. Homework: A written answer to the question: “What brings people together? literary works Sholokhov's predecessors with "Quiet Don"?
11. Ratings.
12. Reflection.
Teacher: So, guys, continue my thought: “in today’s lesson it was important for me”... (Students’ answers).
Teacher: Today in the lesson we saw a family as represented by Sholokhov; it is no coincidence that the novel has a ring composition: it begins with a description of the Melekhovs’ house and ends with a description of the house. Family, love, respect, mutual understanding, friendship, work - this is what we need for complete happiness. People say that a person has not lived in vain if he has planted a tree, built a house, or started a family. At the end of the lesson, we again turn our attention to our panel with blossoming tree, I want your guys to have trees with the same strong roots, ripe and juicy fruits.
M. Sholokhov raises in his novel “Quiet Don” deep and universal problems that cannot be interpreted unambiguously and definitively. However, if you ask the reader who is the main character of the novel, the answer will be the same - Grigory Melekhov. It is his fate that is the main core of the story. For better understanding the image of a hero, it is very important to analyze the environment in which his character is formed - an analysis of the world Don Cossacks.
Impossible to understand spiritual world, the everyday way of life of the Cossacks, without addressing their family relationships. Already in the first book we will find many episodes that reveal the principles on which the Cossack family is built. Reading the episode of the fight between Pantelei Prokofievich and his son, we understand that the concepts of family honor (“Don’t be afraid of your father!”), unity with your fellow countrymen (“Don’t be dirty to your neighbor!”) are indestructible for the Cossacks. The family is dominated by the “cult of the elderly”: relationships here are based on strict obedience to elders, sometimes instilled with the help of brute force. And even if at first Grigory resists his father, he later unquestioningly submits to him and marries Natalya Korshunova. In addition, the origins of Gregory’s frantic, unrestrained nature should also be sought in the family. This comes from his father.
Clan and family are sacred concepts for the Cossacks. It is no coincidence that the novel begins with the background of the Melekhov family, and already in the first chapter the author gives a detailed family portrait. In it, the author emphasizes the features of family resemblance: wheat-colored hair - on the maternal side, a feral expression of almond-shaped eyes, a kite nose - on the paternal side.
As for the family, despite the harsh, sometimes harsh relationships, it is a whole organism. Everyone feels an inextricable connection with her, just as with the farmstead, with the native kuren. Even when love for Aksinya drives Grigory from his native place, he does not see the opportunity to leave the farm: “You are a fool, Aksinya, a fool! You play guitar, but there’s nothing to listen to. Well, where do I go from farming? Again at my service this year. This is no good... I won’t move anywhere from the ground. Here there is a steppe, there is something to breathe, but there?
However, Sholokhov does not idealize the life of the Don Cossacks. In the first book of the novel you can easily see huge amount examples of not just severity, but true cruelty and moral depravity of the Cossacks. This is also the episode when an enraged crowd of farmers mercilessly deals with the wife of Prokofy Melekhov, when Aksinya’s fifty-year-old father rapes his daughter, for which his wife and son beat him to death. This is also when Stepan Astakhov “deliberately and terribly” beats his young wife the day after the wedding, and then again, returning from military training, “woos” her with his boots in front of the indifferently grinning Alyoshka Shamil.
The character of Grigory Melekhov and his duty to his family is clearly revealed in his relationships with Aksinya and Natalya in the scenes of the first book. Genuinely and deeply loving Aksinya, he does not worry about his beloved. When, nine days before Stepan’s return from the camps, Aksinya, tremblingly feeling the inevitability of the danger looming over her, desperately turns to her lover: “What am I, Grisha, going to do?” - he answers: “How can I know.” If in his relationship with Aksinya Grigory submits only to reckless passion, then by marrying Natalya, he, on the contrary, fulfills his duty to his family, without listening to the voice of his heart. He thinks about the torment he is condemning both himself and his loved ones to, although already at the moment of the wedding “indifference shackled Gregory” and his wife’s lips seemed “tasteless” to him.
The novel covers a period of ten years. The heroes experience the most tragic and significant events of the first half of the twentieth century: revolutions, civil war, riots and uprisings - events that determined the fate of the Cossacks, the fate of Grigory Melekhov and his family, his home, which was his stronghold throughout all this time, because it is about family , he thought about his native kuren on the battlefield. But the defeat of the White Cossack movement inevitably leads to the collapse of Gregory’s family; this fall is logically natural. In the third book, the author again turns to the theme of family and home, but their images are dark and sad. Sholokhov depicts the destruction of the Melekhov family.
The death of Peter, which forever remained an unhealed wound in the souls of loved ones. Pantelei Prokofievich's loss of his dominant position in the house. The tragedy and death of Daria, shameless and dissolute, breaking the centuries-old foundations of the Cossack family with the cynicism of her behavior and only before her death, with bitterness, she comprehended the entire bleakness of her “beautiful” life. The death of Natalya, after which old man Melekhov says with a sigh: “Our kuren has fallen in love with death.” Dunyashka's separation from her family, her alienation, turning into a clear rebellion against parental authority. The destruction of the farm during shelling, when “the war, from which Panteley Prokofievich was running, itself came to his yard.” The death of the owner of the house “in retreat”, on someone else’s Stavropol land. The death of Ilyinichna, who was left alone and never received her beloved son. The arrival of Mishka Koshevoy at Mishka’s house, which can hardly be called the beginning of a new life for the Melekhov kuren, if only because from the first days of his family life Mishka loses interest in the household, believing that the time has not yet come to lay down his arms. The death of Porlyusica, which the reader learns about on the last page. All these are stages of the gradual collapse of what at the beginning of the novel seemed unshakable. The words once uttered by Pantelei Prokofievich to Grigory are noteworthy: “Everything collapsed equally for everyone.” And although we are talking only about fallen fences, these words have more broad meaning: the destruction of the House, the Family affected not only the Melekhovs - this is a common fate, a common drama of the entire Cossacks.
The narrative in "Quiet Don" is constructed as a depiction of the life of family nests. This novel is often compared to Tolstoy’s “War and Peace,” but, despite their compositional similarity, there is a clear and fundamental difference: if Tolstoy's heroes Having gone through severe trials, they come to the creation of a Family, then the heroes of “Quiet Don” experience its collapse, which especially strongly emphasizes the dramatic nature of the time depicted by Sholokhov.
L. N. Tolstoy’s words are known that “War and Peace” expresses “people’s thought,” and “Anna Karenina” expresses “family thought.” But you, of course, understand the entire convention of such a “division”: “folk thought” and “family thought” found a single embodiment in both Tolstoy’s novels. M. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don” also connects these themes.
As you remember, L.N. Tolstoy’s attitude towards the war was complex. He is one of the first in world literature (at the same time as French writer Stendhal) showed the true, unheroic face of war in " Sevastopol stories”, exposed the theatricality of Napoleonic battles in the novel “War and Peace”. However, the writer was a fatalist in his views on the causes of the war, believing that the objective course of history is incomprehensible to humans. Moreover, a just, liberation war is of great importance for the writer, as it is capable of uniting the nation and destroying conventional social and cultural barriers between people. The Russian people stand as one “peace” against Napoleon, in the same ranks are the peasant Tikhon Shcherbaty and Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, the “countess” Natasha Rostova, throwing her dowry from the carts in order to lay down more wounded, and the commander Kutuzov, wisely waiting for the strength of the people’s anger will exceed the power and professionalism of the invaders.
Unlike Tolstoy, M.A. Sholokhov categorically and unequivocally does not accept war - neither the First World War, nor even more so the Civil, fratricidal one. His main accusation against war is that it is destructive to the foundation of human life - to the family. Let us remember that the repeated rapprochement between Gregory and Aksinya occurred after the hero was again forced to break away from his family and children in order to fight with his own blood brothers. The war robbed Daria of her husband, and she went downhill, increasingly losing her sense of responsibility to her family and home. The war drew borders through the kurens and farmsteads of the Cossacks. Mishka Koshevoy kills Grandfather Grishaka, sets fire to the Korshunovs’ smokehouse; the brutal Mitka Korshunov, who lost the remnants of his soul in punitive operations, slaughters Koshevoy’s family in revenge (after this incident the author loses interest in Mitka: we do not know how his further fate). How many nascent married couples ruined by the war! Bolshevik Ilya Bunchuk and Anna Pogudko, nobleman Evgeny Listnitsky and the widow of his friend Olga Nikolaevna, widowed Grigory Melekhov and Aksinya. According to Sholokhov, war is destructive for the people, because it forces brother to go against brother, it devastates human souls, destroys families.
But despite this, it is in the ties of family and blood that the writer sees salvation from the destructive elements of fratricide. Love unites Dunyasha Melekhova and Grigory’s once friend, and now sworn enemy, Mishka Koshevoy. Moreover, Dunyasha, loving her husband, warns her brother about the threat that threatens him. mortal danger, and then, in the absence of Gregory, raises his children. And Mishka does not transfer his hatred of Gregory to his son, who, perhaps not by chance, was named Mishatka by the author. Ilyinichna, who once cursed the murderer of her son Peter, takes pity on Koshevoy after he remains an orphan. She welcomes him to her home. In general, it is the woman who has an unbearably difficult, but worthy share in Sholokhov’s novel - to connect the broken links of blood ties, to save men mentally crippled by the war, to reconcile opponents.
“Family thought,” as it is expressed in Sholokhov’s epic, also answers one of the most difficult questions posed by his work: what will be the fate of the Russian Cossacks after Civil War? Will it disappear as part of the nation or will it retain its unique traditions, moral principles, and way of life? Of course, much in the way of life of the Cossacks will now be different, many Cossack clans were suppressed and degenerated, but the Cossacks themselves survived - and survived primarily due to their family spirit, respect for family ties and love for children.
The Don beauty Natalya Korshunova (nee) is one of the main characters of the Sholokhov epic.
The image and characteristics of Natalya Melekhova are understood ambiguously by the reader. Readers' opinions change with age. Those who survived their husband’s infidelity and betrayal have a special attitude towards women and preserved their family for the sake of their children.
Girl's appearance
The Cossack woman appears on the pages of the novel at the age of 18. The girl is beautiful, nice,
“very beautiful.”
He knows how to dress smartly to look in a crowd, attracting admiring glances.
- eyes: bold gray;
- cheek: elastic, with pinkish pits, with a mole;
- smile: reserved;
- hands: large, strong, hard-working, rough;
- chest: girlishly stone;
- legs: tall, beautiful;
- look: ingenuous, open, embarrassed;
- lips; the upper one is plump, the lower one is tucked up;
- hair: black.
Beauty remains with a woman after a suicide attempt. With a crooked neck, her cheeks and mouth remain fresh and young.
Character Virtues
Natalya is gifted with many virtues. A girl from the richest family in the village could choose a groom from any surname, but she settled on Grigory Melekhov. A beautiful, modest, taciturn, hardworking woman makes an offensive mistake, perhaps this is an example of love at first sight.
Character traits of a Cossack woman:
Obedience. The girl respects her father and sisters. The family has three daughters, Natalya is the eldest. She obeys her father, raised in the Cossack traditions of obedience to elders. He is not rude and does not speak without thinking his thoughts through.
Hardworking. The family is one of the rich ones, but the father taught the children to work, understanding that different things can happen in life. The ability to work for a rich Cossack is the basis of prosperity.
Thrift. Natalia knows how to knit and sew. She does not disdain painstaking work: she repairs Cossack trousers and shirts.
Kindness. The girl takes care of her grandfather, Grishak. She slowly slipped him good pieces of food at the table, washed and sprinkled his clothes.
Stealth. The woman is slowly grieving. She doesn’t share her experiences with anyone, you can only guess what’s going on in her head. The girl decides to commit suicide. The method is scary - a sharp scythe. It’s scary to even think about such a death.
Seriousness. Natalya is not suitable for the behavior of slutty beauties hanging out with other people's men. She strictly watches herself and waits for her husband to return. Any invitation from Daria to go for a walk with her is answered with disgust and refusal. She feels sorry for Daria and treats her with sympathy.
Feminine qualities
In the book, Natalya and Aksinya are two opposite types of femininity and sensitivity. It is difficult to understand why the author arranged the images this way. Here you will have to look for reasons in the subtext. Natalya lives without a mother, maybe that’s why she hasn’t developed the traits the right girls married. Perhaps Gregory is also to blame for this. Comparing two women, he does not help Natalia open up, but immediately abandons his wife in favor of another. There is a line in the novel that suggests another explanation -
“at birth, the mother endowed the girl with indifferent and slow blood.”
Gregory says about his wife that she is “icy.” The lack of passion and slowness of feelings became one of the reasons for Gregory’s betrayals and the Cossack woman’s misfortunes.
Destiny of a woman
Natalya immediately liked Grigory. She, raised in the family of an old Cossack, hopes for a strong family and reliable relationships. In reality, everything turns out differently. The husband began to cheat, and openly declared that he “didn’t like his wife.” Unable to bear this situation in someone else's family, she returns to her father. Rumors spread around the village about damage to Natalya, the guys say nasty things almost to the woman’s back. An abandoned wife decides to commit suicide. The attempt to commit suicide ended in failure. The neck becomes crooked, the appearance changes, but Natalya is still pretty. The father has not forgiven his daughter, he is proud and does not understand the humiliation before Gregory. The daughter-in-law returns to the Melekhovs' house. The decision to move back to her husband’s family did not come to Natalya right away. Miron Grigorievich shames his daughter and shouts at her. The girl begins to feel like a stranger at home. The woman’s hopes are justified: Gregory comes to the family. The Melekhovs give birth to twins - a boy and a girl. The woman thanks fate for such a gift and devotes herself entirely to the children. Natalya becomes even more beautiful, even Grigory notices how amazingly his wife has blossomed and become prettier. But he does not change his attitude towards her; the Cossack did not give her love and affection. He became kinder, more attentive, the reason was the children. Treason led a woman to death; she goes for an abortion and dies. The power of love and the strength of Natalia’s soul are amazing. Before her death, she asks to convey her forgiveness to her husband. Her last request is that Gregory take pity on the children. Such words sank into the heart of the Cossack, he reproached himself for his actions, but could not do anything with his love for Aksinya.
“Family Thought” in Sholokhov’s novel
"Quiet Don" Woman as a guardian
family warmth
Goals: work on individual episodes of the first part of Sholokhov’s novel, revealing the theme of family; reveal meaning female images in the disclosure of this topic.
Lesson progress
In this world (“Quiet Don”) - the history of the Don Cossacks,
Russian peasantry... centuries-old traditions moral principles and labor skills that formed national character, features of the whole country.
E.A. Kostin
I. Determining the objectives of the lesson.
Look at the topic of the lesson. What do you think is the purpose of our lesson?
Slide-2 (goals)
Slide – 3 (epigraph)
II . Introductory conversation.
Slide-4
The heroes living on the pages of the novel are Don Cossacks.
– What do you know about this class?
Individual message from a student about the Cossacks.
Slide-5 (reference)
Slide-6 (kuren)
Slide 7 (Khutor Tatarsky)
Slide-8 (Don River)
The Cossacks are a special class in Rus', but in the life of any nation there are unshakable values that are largely similar: family, land, morality. I propose to touch upon this particular facet of Sholokhov’s novel.
Let's remember whose families are at the center of the story?
(Several families are at the center of Sholokhov’s narrative: Melekhovs, Korshunovs, Mokhovs, Koshevs, Astakhovs).
This is not accidental: the patterns of the era are revealed not only in historical events, but also in the facts of private life, family relationships.
II. “Family Thought” in Sholokhov’s novel.
Working with text.
Let's start with the history of this family .
Slide number 9.
Expressive reading or artistic retelling of an excerpt from the first part of volume I, “The History of the Melekhov Family.”
Starting with family was a new brilliant discovery of the young writer.
Why do you think?
The family is the bearer of what we call culture. Therefore, Sholokhov focuses on different generations of the Melekhov family.
From the first pages, proud people with an independent character and capable of great feelings appear.
2. Patriarchy and traditionsin the Melekhov family.
Individual student message.
Slide 10 (patriarchy and family traditions)
…Family is the basis of folk life in the world of “Quiet Don”. The life circumstances of the Cossack environment are depicted with such thoroughness that they make it possible to recreate general structure families of the early twentieth century. And the twentieth century threatened to be bloody. Therefore, the eternally unshakable things became more and more valuable: family, land, children.
For the heroes of Quiet Flows the Don, family literally permeates their entire private life. Each individual person was certainly perceived as part of the whole - family, clan. These relationships were an important part of people's life. Kinship became higher than camaraderie, love, business relations, neighborhood. Moreover, family relationships were taken into account with very great accuracy: “ second cousin“,” “great aunt,” - some words exist in everyday life without much “meaning.” But during the time of the Quiet Don, family closeness was revered very seriously.In the Melekhov family there is great patriarchal power - the omnipotence of the father in the house.
Slide - 11
Let the actions be cool, the tone of the elders is decisive and adamant (the younger ones endure this patiently and restrainedly, even the hot and impetuous Grigory), but does Panteley Prokofievich always abuse his power, is assault always unnecessary?
Panteley Prokofievich marries Grigory, and he does not argue not only out of filial obedience: Grishka disgraced the family with his shameless affair with a married neighbor. By the way, Grishka submitted not only to his father, but also to his mother - it was Ilyinichna who decided to marry Grigory to Natalya and persuaded her husband: “... sharpened him like rust is iron, and in the end she broke his stubbornness.” In short, there was a lot of commanding tone and rudeness - but there was never violence in the patriarchal family.
The rudeness was largely explained by the influence of army barracks morals, but not by patriarchy. Pantelei Prokofievich especially loved the “strong words”. So, my own wife more than once he caressed with the words: “old hag”, “shut up, fool”, and his wife, loving, devoted, “rinsed her half”: “What are you doing, you old hook! I was a disgrace at first, but in my old age I went completely crazy.” “Turkish blood” was boiling in Prokofievich, but it was he who was one of the centers that united the family.
Another center of the patriarchal family was religion, the great Christian faith, the family image - the icon in the red corner.
Slide – 12.
The Cossack family acts as the guardian of the faith in the novel, especially in the person of its elder representatives. The black news came about the death of Gregory, in those mourning days, when “he was getting older day by day,” when “his memory was weakening and his mind was clouded,” only a conversation with Father Vissarion brought the old man to his senses: “From that day on, I broke myself andspiritually recovered."
I would especially like to say about divorce. The concept itself did not even exist in the Cossack vocabulary.The family was blessed by God! Marriage was indissoluble, but, like everything earthly, it was not unshakable. Having met Grigory not far from Yagodnoye, where his son had gone with Aksinya, Panteley Prokofievich asks:“And God?” Gregory, who did not believe so sacredly, still remembers Him in his subconscious. It is no coincidence that “thoughts about Aksinya and his wife” suddenly flashed in his head during the oath, when he “walked up to the cross.”
The crisis of faith had a disastrous effect for the whole of Russia, especially for the family: the “double law of self-preservation” ceases to operate,when the family kept the faith, and faith protected the unity of the family.
Fundamentals of UnityMelekhov family.
Slide – 13 (questions)
What is the family like at the beginning of the novel?
( At the beginning of the novel, the Melekhov family is whole, friendly ).
What is the strength of this family?
(The strength of this family was in unity when everyone important issues decided openly, brought to family court, discussed directly and thoroughly).
Slide – 14 (conclusion).
All important matters that concerned the family were decided at the council.
How many such councils were there?(Four)
1. Life for Gregory and Natalya did not work out.
Who speaks at the council?
(The council was started by Pantelei Prokofievich. Everyone speaks; even Dunyasha, a teenager. She was admitted to the council and listens attentively).
What is Gregory doing? (Grigory is ashamed, he is rude).
But no matter how the meetings end, not a single important event does not go unnoticed.
– What other advice did you have?
(Coming of the Reds: retreat or surrender? Affairs of Dunyasha’s heart. 1919 – Daria’s money.)
Slide 15 (Conclusion).
In the Melekhov family - all Cossacks - responsible and complex matters were resolved openly, in direct, sometimes impartial, discussion. Extremes were smoothed out and leveled out, harsh passions were calmed down. It was neither paradise nor an idyll, but only a close-knit world of related people, for whom family was above personal aspirations and whims.
b)Whispering in corners was considered reprehensible, because centuries-old experience suggested: where secrets begin, decay and schism begin.
– If suddenly something evil and hostile penetrated inside the family, how did the Melekhovs solve this problem? Were there secrets in the family?
(The Melekhov family also had its own secrets; there are three of them in the novel.)
Slide – 16( work plan)
Checking homework(the work was carried out in groups - to compose a detailed answer to “Family Secrets” according to the proposed plan):
1. The theme of the secret.
2. Where the conversation takes place.
3. Results of the “heart-to-heart conversation.”
1stgroup– Gregory’s secret;
2ndgroup- Daria's secret;
3rdgroup- Natalia's secret.
All these secrets concern the family.
1. Panteley Prokofievich immediately guessed about the connection between Grigory and Aksinya: the son got involved with the wife of a person close to them - a neighbor. The old man understands that he cannot avoid the conversation, and early in the morning while fishing with Gregory he begins a conversation.
Slide - 17
2.Daria and Natalya are secretive about Daria’s illness. Daria asks her to warn her mother: “let her not tell her father about this, otherwise the old man will get mad and kick me out of the house.”
Slide - 18
3. Natalya told only Ilyinichna about the abortion: “Will I live with Grishka or not... but I don’t want to give birth to any more children from him.”
Slide - 19
Observation result.
- Where are these conversations taking place?
(All three conversations are conducted outside the house or yard: on the river, in the garden, on the steppe road).
Why do you think?
(This is a sign of reluctance to dirty the family, which is natural for any living and healthy organism).
From Sholokhov's novel we learned how the Cossacks cared about the integrity and health of their family.
The keeper of the family hearth is the woman. Therefore, let's move on to the next stage of our lesson.
4. Women's imagesin Sholokhov's novel "Quiet Don".
1) Working with text.
One of Sholokhov’s techniques in characterizing heroes is benchmarking. Many of the novel's main characters are revealed through their attitude towards children. Since the bearer of home, family warmth is a woman, the characteristics of the main characters are especially interesting.
Slide – 20 (Daria, Aksinya, Ilyinichna).
Based on the text, students characterize the female characters in the novel “Quiet Don.”
Slide – 21 (Daria).
Nothing is known about her parents or origin. The heroine herself says at the end of the novel: “I have no one behind me or in front of me.” Daria gave birth to a child. But what do we learn about him - just a “child”. Or, irritated with her baby, the mother says: “Tiss, you filthy child! No sleep, no peace for you." There are a lot of rude words in the novel, but no one addresses children like that. The child died when he was not even one year old.
Slide – 22 (Aksinya).
She gave birth to a child from Stepan, but even here it is noteworthy briefly: “... the child died before reaching a year.” From Gregory she gave birth to Tanya, she became happy and acquired a particularly happy posture. But love for the child was only a continuation of love for Gregory. Be that as it may, the child also dies about one and a half years old. After Natalya’s death, Gregory took the children into her home. “They willingly called her mom,” she leaves them and leaves with Grigory.
Slide – 23 (Ilyinichna).
With special power mother's love manifests itself in the image of Ilyinichna. It was she who raised her children as we see them in the novel; she not only took care of them, but also conveyed to them her worldview. Hence the deep affinity of the young Melekhovs with their mother, and not with their father. Sholokhov himself, bowing before his own mother, more than once noted the similarities between her and Ilyinichna.
She knows how to fight for her family, and Natalya becomes the continuer of this destiny .
2) Personal message“Saving the family nest is the idea of Natalia Melekhova’s life.”
Slide – 24 (Slides about Natalya).
Natalya Melekhova in M. Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Flows the Don” - drawn by the will of circumstances into a painful rivalry with Aksinya, forced to even insult her, calling her “a walker” - is a truly enlightened-bashful, probably the most angelic creature in the novel.
Natalya appears in the novel as if by chance: as the object of an upcoming matchmaking, wedding. “Natalia... is a beautiful girl... Very beautiful. Nadys saw her in church,” says Aksinya. The praise is double, even exaggerated, but Aksinya says these words of praise with dry eyes, and a heavy shadow falls from the barn. And in the window where she is looking, there is a yellow night chill.
Sholokhov's world is multi-colored, multi-sounding, and extremely full of complex psychological movements. Sholokhov – greatest master characteristic detail - he picked up almost symbolic epithets that speak of danger for Natalya: dry, tearless eyes... These dry eyes suggest that someone will not survive in this inevitable struggle.
Gregory in Natalya found a sensitive bearer of great responsibility, found a person for whom love does not know, does not want to know the end, is afraid of even temporary substitution, betrayal, any unreliability. For her there is no discord between consciousness and feeling, there is no devastation from love, even joyful. That is why she seems cold and difficult to Gregory. There is no play of feelings, no love-absorption.
For Natalya, everything is destructive, even Grigory’s involuntary betrayals. At the same time, there is no anger in her, no pleasure from someone else's torment. There is pity... She doesn’t even despise the dissolute Daria, who in the end dealt her the main insulting blow, the unkind pimp, but moves away from her and forgives her.
The old Melekhovs and Korshunovs were the first to feel the bashful tenderness of Natalya’s meek soul. Old Korshunov just doesn’t utter the word “mock” (“Is it possible to do this to a living person?.. Heart, heart... or does he have a wolf’s?”) And Panteley Prokofievich - and he is all in these words, like a house builder ! - literally screams in pain and shame: “She is better than our own!”
And here is the stage of nest construction. Natalya's return to the house of Pantelei Prokofievich, to a house where there is no husband! Naive, inexperienced, believing in the power of a wedding, an oath before the saints, Natalya realizes with amazement that it is she who will have to go through woeful humiliation, that love-martyrdom awaits her. Sholokhov with epic admiration draws the entire path of Natalya’s return, her difficult decisions, her appeal to her father-in-law.
Returning to the Melekhovs’ house is an awareness of one’s main force and heights: the power of fidelity, nobility, the power of humility. Soon she became inseparable from the House, from her family, especially from her children! Her entire stay in the Melekhov family is a hidden straightening and ascension of the soul, a movement not only towards victory over Aksinya, but the birth of true friendship with Dunyashka and Ilnichnaya. Her prayers saved Gregory from Stepan Astakhov’s shots in the back. And as the highest reward - two wonderful children.
But the fight for the house, for the family is still ahead. This is indicative of Natalya’s dialogue with Aksinya (scene in Yagodnoye). Aksinya openly accuses Natalya: “You want to take the child’s father. Apart from Grishka, I have no husband.” The whole conversation is built on the sharp difference between the fierce Aksinya and the meek Natalya, who admits: “Melancholy pushed me”... Aksinya made the child an argument for her claims against Gregory, “disposed” of what God did not give for bargaining... A completely different turn of events followed - the illness and death of the girl , connection with Listnitsky, Gregory’s departure.
Motherhood did not become a guarantee of happiness for Natalia either. She remained an unloved wife... All the more power in the wonderful scene of chapter 8! This is an elegy with some timidity and hesitation in gestures, with silence, an elegy of farewell.
A trained student recites by heart: “She was next to him, his wife and mother of Mishatka and Porlyushka. She dressed up for him and washed her face... She sat so pitiful, ugly and yet beautiful, shining with some kind of purity inner beauty. A mighty wave of tenderness flooded Gregory’s heart... He wanted to say something warm and affectionate to her, but he couldn’t find the words and, silently pulling her towards him, kissed her white sloping forehead and mournful eyes.”
Natalya’s passing away, even after a relatively peaceful last explanation with Aksinya, it was no coincidence that he cast a darkest shadow over the fate of Gregory and the entire Melekhov house. Sholokhov's heroes (and especially Natalya) sometimes carry out not a trial, but a kind of superjudgment over time, over the people crippled by it.
Both Natalya and Ilyinichna pass before the reader of “Quiet Don” as heroines, faithful to the end to their mother’s calling, the duty of the guardian of the family. Natalya dies at the moment when she not only abandoned the idea of motherhood, but in an unnaturally evil, vengeful way trampled and destroyed her own idea, the core of her character. Natalya’s interlocutor, a witness to her spiritual crisis, was brilliantly chosen: it was Ilyinichna, a person deeply related to her, Grigory’s mother, who for the first time could not find words to justify her son, to refute Natalya’s rightness. Ilyinichna was only able to convince her daughter-in-law not to curse Grigory, not to wish him death. After Natalya’s death, everyone in the house was surrounded by bitter melancholy from the belated understanding of each other, from the understanding that the family was collapsing.
3) Conclusion.
There is an interesting parallel in the novel: children become the measure of the vitality of the heroines themselves. Without, in essence, children, Daria dies very quickly and like a woman. The absence of children becomes “God’s punishment” for the heroines.
– How does Daria end her life?
(From time immemorial, a Cossack woman has been associated with the concepts of “life”, “continuer of the family”. Daria is the only Russian heroine who takes up military weapons and then kills an unarmed man. That is why Daria’s death in the Don is purifying and terrible.)
– What can be said about other heroines in this regard?
(Aksinya dies from a bullet, leaving no one behind)
(Natalya leaves the family, cuts herself, curses Gregory, poisons the fetus and ultimately dies.)
– What conclusion does Sholokhov lead us to?
(The death of a woman is always evil, a disaster, it is the death of a family.)
And how strong is Ilyinichna’s motherly love! The mother even comes to terms with the fact that Mishka Koshevoy enters their house as the owner. She sees how Dunyashka reaches out to this man, how Koshevoy tenderly treats her grandson, Mishatka.
Children should not be orphans! For Ilyinichna, this becomes the main condition for a new life.
III. Lesson summary.
Slide – 25 (question)
– What, in your opinion, is the main thing in the theme of family in Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don”?
Family is the stronghold of power. The family is collapsing - collapsing peaceful life in the country. A woman is the keeper of family unity.
Children are a symbol of the future.
Slide – 26 (answer)
This is what the last pages of the novel are about.
– What does Grigory dream about on sleepless nights away from home?
How does the novel end?(Meeting Gregory with his son).
Slide – 27 Watching a film episode of Gregory's meeting with his son.
Final word teachers:
Everything is back to normal. We are again in front of the house - Cossack kuren Melekhov. And Gregory stands at the gates of his home, holding his son in his arms. This is all that remains in his life, what still connects him with the earth and with this whole huge world shining under the cold sun.
The Melekhov family has broken up, but Grigory will be able to create a hearth where the fire of love, warmth and mutual understanding will always burn, which will never go out.
Talking about the collapse of the Melekhov family, what task does Sholokhov set for us, descendants?
(The task of reviving the family convinces us that there is always something to start with).
IN tormented soul Gregory many life values lost their meaning, and only the feeling of family and homeland remained ineradicable.
Summing up the lesson.
Slide – 28
(question – What does the words “The roof of your house” mean to you?)
Student answers.
Making marks.
2. Homework:
Oral analysis battle scenes novel in groups.