introduce children to the facts of the biography of I. S. Turgenev necessary for work, the history of the creation and problems of the book “Notes of a Hunter,” and talk about the main functions of the landscape.
2. Developmental objectives of the lesson: teach how to work with an artistic color epithet and comprehend its content, teach how to work on characteristics literary hero, identify the function of landscape in a literary work.
3. Educational tasks lesson:
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Literature lesson notes in 6th grade
Rylova Nadezhda Alexandrovna,
teacher of Russian language and literature
MAOU "Secondary School" No. 2 UIIIA
Noyabrsk, Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
Joys and sorrows in the life of peasant children. Analysis of the story by I. S. Turgenev “Bezhin Meadow”.
...darkness fought with light...
I. S. Turgenev “Bezhin Meadow”.
1. Educational objectives of the lesson:introduce children to the facts of the biography of I. S. Turgenev necessary for work, the history of the creation and problems of the book “Notes of a Hunter,” and talk about the main functions of the landscape.
2. Developmental objectives of the lesson:teach how to work with an artistic color epithet and comprehend its content, teach how to work on the characteristics of a literary hero, and identify the function of landscape in a literary work.
- Educational objectives of the lesson:bring up this moral concept as sympathy, empathy, education of such value categories as love for the homeland, for native nature.
Progress of the lesson.
- 1. The teacher's word. It’s winter outside, and we have to plunge into the magic of a summer night and greet a bright summer morning. Guys, you read I. S. Turgenev’s story “Bezhin Meadow” from the book “Notes of a Hunter”. Today we will work on analyzing this work of art and comprehend its originality.
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev on his father's side belonged to the ancient noble family– the names of his ancestors were found in descriptions historical events since the time of Ivan the Terrible. The writer’s mother is a wealthy landowner, owner of the Spasskoye estate Mtsensk district Oryol province. Around the spacious two-story manor house, built in the shape of a horseshoe, gardens were laid out, greenhouses and hotbeds were built. The future writer was interested in nature, hunting, fishing. Until the end of his life, Turgenev retained the “lordly” habits of a native Russian nobleman. The very appearance betrayed its origin to the inhabitants of European resorts, despite its impeccable ownership foreign languages. But at the same time, he began to notice early the unfair treatment of serfs. And the Russian nobleman, the master, swore an oath to himself to fight serfdom to the end.
And then in 1852 a book was published that brought Turgenev worldwide fame. This is the book "Notes of a Hunter." The hunter visited many places in the Oryol and Kaluga provinces, met people of different classes and shares with the reader his personal impressions of what he saw.
In "Z.o." Turgenev opposes serfdom. For this book, Turgenev was exiled to his own estate, Spasskoye-Lutovinovo, Oryol province, in 1852, without the right to appear in Moscow and St. Petersburg for two years. He not only shows sympathy for the peasants deprived of their freedom, but also shows how many interesting, talented, sincere people among them.
In 1864, Turgenev was invited to an official dinner in honor of the third anniversary of the liberation of peasants from serfdom. In the speech of the dignitary N. Milyutin it was said: “The Emperor personally announced that he was obliged to strongly cancel the reading of “Notes of a Hunter” by Turgenev serfdom».
- Textual analysis.
- Why is going out at night a big holiday for peasant children?For many peasant children, games ended very early, and they began to work on an equal basis with adults, because large families needed the help of even such small, but already working hands. Throughout the day, the children helped their parents with their work. There was no time for talking, idle walks. Therefore, going out at night, where there is an opportunity to ride a horse, lie down to rest and just chat with peers, is a holiday for peasant children.
In Turgenev's story, Ilyusha talks about what works. Where does Ilyusha work with his brother?“We are members of the fox workers.”How did the other guys react to this?We see the reaction of Pavlusha, who says with respect: “See, you are factory workers!”
- Let's start with the characteristics of boys.We focus on the questions given to you. What does the boy’s appearance indicate, what portrait details does the author pay attention to. How does the hero's manner of telling characterize him? What's it like author's attitude to the hero, in what way it is expressed. Which boy did you like best and why?
Fedya. The only one of the guys who went to the field not out of necessity, but for fun, because he belongs to a rich family. This can be seen in the clothes. A motley cotton shirt, a new army jacket, his boots...they were just his boots, not his father’s. Outwardly he is handsome and stately, in addition, he is the eldest, he is aware of his superiority and importance, he behaves accordingly, the author’s comments tell us about this. Fedya busily manages the conversation - “he himself spoke little,as if afraid to lose his dignity», « with a patronizing air said Fedya."
Kostya: a boy of about ten years old aroused my curiosity with his thoughtful and sad gaze. His whole face was small, thin, covered in freckles, .... The author draws special attention to Kostya’s eyes: “his large, black, liquid-shiny eyes made a strange impression; they seemed to want to express something, for which there were no words in the language, at least.”Why does the author pay special attention to Kostya’s eyes?The look characterizes the boy as very interesting person, there is some secret hidden in his eyes.
Ilyusha outwardly unremarkable. “The face of the third, Ilyusha, was rather insignificant.” But Ilyusha is the most talented storyteller, “he knew all the rural beliefs better than others.”
Vanya draws attention to the beauty of the night sky, and before that he remains silent for so long:
“Look, look, guys, ... look at God’s stars - that the bees are swarming!” “He put his fresh face out from under the matting,leaned on his fistand slowly raised his large, quiet eyes upward.”Most little boy feels the beauty of nature most acutely. Vanya is a kind boy: he refuses the gift Fedya offered for his sister, he appreciates that she is kind.
Pavlusha : “Sitting down on the ground, he dropped his hand on the shaggy back of one of the dogs, and for a long time the delighted animal did not turn its head, looking sideways at Pavlusha with grateful pride.” Then the author calls the boy Pavel, which speaks of his respect for the boy. AND Turgenev reports ONLY ABOUT HIS FURTHER FATE.
There is a risky element to Paul.
"His ugly face, enlivened by fast driving, burned boldly prowess and strong determination."The Russian word courage is not equivalent to the word heroism. This is daring, and daring is courage in a broad movement. kind man in the Russian imagination, daring, and not just brave or courageous, i.e. not prudently going towards brave act, but the one who decides to take a risky step by personal choice.Turgenev draws attention to the fact that Pavel is a daring rider,Find words in the text that support this idea:“Suddenly the tramp of a galloping horse was heard; Cool she stopped right by the fire and, clinging to the mane, nimbly Pavlusha jumped off it.”
Pavel is truly a brave boy: “Well, it’s okay, let him go! – said Pavel decisively and sat down again, “you can’t escape your fate.” He alone was not afraid to go after the dogs, who started barking. “I thought it was a wolf,” he added in an indifferent voice, breathing quickly with all your chest».
Boys' way of telling things.
They say most of all Ilyusha (very emotionally):
Varnavitsy?.. Of course! what an unclean thing! There, they say, they saw the old master more than once..... “Ilyusha picked up with confidence, who, as far as I could notice, knew all the rural beliefs better than others...”, “ with fervor Ilyusha picked it up.”
Kostya, who really believes in what he says. Kostya very expressively talks about the grief of Feoktista, whose son drowned, sympathizes with her grief: “how she loved him, Vasya!”
Pavel is a man of few words, makes observations about what is happening outside a narrow circle of guys, occasionally being interested in the subject of conversation, “See how! ...Why did he [the brownie] cough?” Pavel is businesslike. While Ilya passionately talks about Trishka, repeating the same thing several times: “such amazing person", Pavel: "continued in his leisurely voice."
- Let's analyze landscape sketches. Look at what pictures of nature inspired Turgenev. This is the site of his family estate Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. Our task is to understandwhat role do descriptions of nature play in the story.To do this we need to know the functions of the landscape in work of art. Let's remember them.
Functions of landscape in a work of art.
2 The second row writes down words and phrases that characterize the color scheme of the morning at the end of the story.
3 The third row works with a description of the night. Write down the color scheme of the night, night images and sounds.
Morning colors:
Soft pink, golden, shimmer of forged silver, silvery amber.
Another morning's color scheme:
Scarlet, red , golden streams of the young hot light, radiant diamonds, across green hills. The sun rises steadily and “ the light flowed in a stream.”
How does the color scheme of the first morning differ from the color scheme of the second morning?The colors of the first morning are muted, calm, faintly shimmering, the colors of the second morning are bright, rich, filled with energy and vitality.What color speaks volumes about this in the first place?the red-scarlet color evokes a state of activity and courage in a person; is the embodiment of joy, pulsating energy, heat. This is the brightest color, the color of courage, strong-willed, life-affirming.
6. Why does the author, describing the morning at the beginning and at the end of the story, paint a contrasting picture?We see the first landscape before the hunter meets the boys, and the second - after the meeting, which made both the hunter and the reader think about a lot. The second landscape is life-affirming, that’s why there is so much life in it, bright light, he conquers the darkness of the night.
Which hero would you associate the color red with? With Pavlusha. Which hero suits the silvery shimmering starlight best?Vanya, who admires the beauty of the stars.
7. Night approached and grew like thundercloud, darkness poured from everywhere . Everything around you is fast turned black and calmed down. Approaching with every moment,gloomy darkness rose in huge clouds, the sky began to turn blue again - but that was already blue of the night . No light flickered anywhere, no sound was heard.
My chest felt sweetly ashamed, inhaling that special, languid and fresh smell - the smell of a Russian summer night.What smells fill a Russian summer night?
What's it like state of mind hunter after dark?
“He entered as if into a cellar,” “horror,” “a sense of mystery,” “gloomy darkness,” “desperately rushed,” “mutely,” “the sky hung sadly,” “squeaked pitifully.” The hunter found himself over the abyss.
How does the description of the night change when the hunter sits down at the fire of the peasant boys? Why?
A children's fire is a warm, living island in the vast darkness of the night. “The picture was wonderful: near the lights, a round reddish reflection trembled and seemed to freeze, resting against the darkness; a thin tongue of light will lick the bare branches of the willow tree and disappear at once; Sharp, long shadows, rushing in for a moment, in turn ran right up to the lights:darkness fought with light».
“The night shone solemnly and royally; Countless golden stars seemed to be flowing quietly, twinkling in competition, in the direction of the Milky Way, and, really, looking at them, you seemed to vaguely feel the rapid, non-stop running of the earth ... "
We see the beauty and grandeur of nature, which are accessible to any person, regardless of class, above us all there is a huge sky with countless stars.
8. Let's draw a conclusion and determine the functions of the landscape in the story “Bezhin Meadow”.
- Aesthetic. Turgenev shows the beauty of nature using means of expression language. For example, there are many epithets: wonderful, golden, languid smell, gentle blush.
- Contrast function.The description of the first morning and the second is constructed by contrast. And in general, a description of the landscape -day and night, darkness and light.
- Psychological function,when we see the hunter's state of mind as night falls.
- Cultural.The author continues Pushkin's traditions in describing the Russian original landscape, showing its binary nature, duality - meekness and violence (muted colors and their bright spill in the morning sky), sadness and enlightenment (a depressed state at nightfall and the victory of light at the end of the story).
- Philosophical function.
Pay attention to the epigraph to the lesson. Darkness fought with light.Please explain the literal and figurative meaning of the contrasts in the text - day and night, darkness and light.In the literal sense, the light of fire and the light of morning fight the darkness of the night. In a figurative sense, fire is one of the elements, a symbol of protection. The story seems to contain the voice of the spirit of nature. There is a struggle between good and evil, good forces win, we see this in the life-affirming ending of the story.
In the story of Bezhin Meadow, everything moves from darkness to light, from darkness to the sun. The source of this movement is nature. In life there is dark side And bright side. Love and hate. Caring for one's neighbor and cruelty, serfdom. Life and death. At the end of the story, the author tells us about the death of Pavlusha.
9. In the life of the peasant children that Turgenev talks about there are both sorrows and joys. What are these joys and what are their sorrows?
- 10. What did Turgenev’s story make you think about?
Homework. Compose a film frame based on one of the episodes of the story.
In the collection of stories “Notes of a Hunter,” the narration is told on behalf of a hunter who, on his campaigns, meets different people. One beautiful July day, he got lost while hunting and unexpectedly came to the Bezhin meadow. Here he saw children guarding a herd of horses. “To drive out the herd before the evening and bring in the herd at dawn is a great holiday for peasant boys.” The hunter stayed overnight near the guys and involuntarily watched them.
There were all five boys. From their conversations, the author learned the names of the children. The eldest's name was Fedya, he was about fourteen years old. It was handsome boy. By all accounts, he belonged to a wealthy family and “went out into the field not out of necessity, but just for fun.” He was dressed in good clothes. Pavlusha “was unprepossessing,” but it was this boy who attracted the narrator’s attention: “he looked very smart and straight, and there was strength in his voice.” The third boy's name was Ilyusha. The author notes in his insignificant face “some kind of dull, painful solicitude.” Kostya aroused the narrator’s curiosity “with his thoughtful and sad gaze,” his black eyes seemed to want to express something for which there were no words in the language. Vanya was lying on the ground under the matting, so it was difficult to notice him immediately. He only occasionally stuck out his brown curly head from under the matting. Pavlusha and Ilyusha looked no more than twelve years old, Kostya was about ten years old, and Vanya was only seven. All the children, with the exception of Fedya, were poorly dressed.
The boys sat around the fire, on which “potatoes” were boiled in a pot, and talked leisurely. Above them stood the dark, starry sky “with all its mysterious splendor.” The night was filled with subtle rustles and unclear sounds. The guys talked about brownies, mermaids, ghosts. The stories they told were as mysterious and poetic as the July night itself that surrounded them. Ilyusha, Pavlusha, and Kostya spoke most of all. Fedya “spoke little, as if afraid to lose his dignity,” he only pushed the other boys to tell the story. Vanya didn’t say a word the whole night. There was a friendly relationship between the boys; it was clear that this was not the first time they had traveled together at night. Their stories testify to a fabulous perception of the world around them, but at the same time they also speak about the lack of education of children. It's unlikely they went to school.
Turgenev spoke with great warmth about peasant children. For each boy the author found special words, with the help of which he created unique images.
The story “Bezhin Meadow” ends with a symbolic description of the awakening day, when in the streams of rays rising sun the night chimeras scattered and a rested herd raced across the steppe, “chased by familiar boys.” This is how the writer expressed his belief that the Russian people will come to a bright life.
The author of the story “Bezhin Meadow” is an amazingly observant person. Having spent several hours with the peasant children, without even participating in their nightly conversation, but only observing the children from the side, he was able to accurately notice and guess the distinctive features of each, both external and internal.
The eldest of the boys, Fedya, handsome in appearance, was most likely from a wealthy family. Feeling his superiority, Fedya says little, “as if afraid of losing his dignity.”
On Kostya’s thoughtful face, huge eyes stood out, which “seemed to want to express something, for which there were no words in the language.”
Ilyusha’s hook-nosed face expressed “some kind of dull, painful solicitude.” Both he and Kostya seem cowardly. It’s not for nothing that they know ghost stories more than other boys and believe in the existence of evil spirits and they are afraid of her.
The youngest among the children, Vanya, looks no more than six years old. Vanya is very kind. He refuses a gift offered by another boy in favor of his older, dearly beloved sister.
The fifth of the boys is Pavlusha. Outwardly, he is an ugly boy with a huge head and a pockmarked face and is clearly from a poor family. But what a smart guy he seemed to the author, and what a daredevil! Pavlusha watches the pot in which the potatoes are being cooked, and encourages his friends when they, having heard an incomprehensible rustling, fall silent in fear, and rushes to the horses, who, sensing something, begin to worry, and one goes to the river for water. Pavel can explain any sound that frightens his comrades. And even his story, unlike others, ends with laughter and the revelation of evil spirits - the peasants mistake the local cooper Vavil for Trishka. The author sympathizes with his hero, admires him and is very sorry, talking about the boy’s imminent death. And we so want to have such an intelligent, fearless, reliable comrade as the peasant boy Pavlusha was!
Essay on the topic: PEASANT CHILDREN IN I. S. TURGENEV’S STORY “BEZHIN MEADOW”
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6th grade. Literature
Topic: Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev “Bezhin Meadow”. Spiritual world
peasant children
Lesson objectives:
educational : reveal imagespeasant boys; show their wealth spiritual world, Turgenev's skill in creating portraits and comparative characteristics heroes;
developing: development of students’ monologue speech, expressive reading, and skills in characterizing literary characters; development of the ability to analyze text, extract from a work moral values;
educational : cultivate a love of reading fiction.
Tasks: consolidate skills in working on portrait characteristic literary hero; show how the author relates to his characters; find out how the stories told by the boys characterize them; develop attention, ability to analyze, draw conclusions; cultivate attention to the surrounding world.
Lesson equipment : presentation for the lessonMicrosoftPowerPoint, tables for group work, portraits of boys for structureCorners, portraits of boys on every table, diagnostic card groups.
Forms of work : group, pair, individual.
Lesson type : combined
…If Pushkin had complete
reason to say about himself that he awakened
"good feelings", same thing
and with the same justice
Turgenev could also say about himself.
M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin
Progress of the lesson.
1. Organizational moment.
2. Statement of the topic and purpose of the lesson.(Slides 2,3)
Teacher reads a poemFROM. Surikov "In the night".
Summer evening. Behind the forests
The sun has already set;
At the edge of the distant sky
Zorka turned red;
But that too went out. Stomp
It is heard in the field.
That's a herd of horses at night
It rushes through the meadows.
Grabbing the horses by the mane,
Children are jumping in the field.
That's joy and fun,
That's the way for the children!
Through the tall horse grass
They wander in the open;
The children gathered in a group
The conversation starts...
And children come to mind
Grandmother's tales:
There's a witch rushing with a broom
For night dances;
There's a goblin rushing over the forest
With a shaggy head,
And across the sky, showering sparks,
The winged serpent flies;
And some are all in white
Shadows walk in the field...
Children are afraid - and children
The fire is lit.
3.Work in groups.
Discuss:
1 . How is this poem related to the topic of our lesson? (In Turgenev's story we meet the village boys who went out into the night).
2.What does it mean to “go out at night”?( Horse grazing at night )
3.Hwhat does night mean for boys?(freedom, independence)
4. How does the hero - the narrator - feel about the guys he accidentally met in the night steppe? How do we know about this? (The author and hero-narrator conveys his attitude through description.)
4.The teacher’s word (slide 4). Turgenev’s hunting trails ran through the Oryol, Tula, Kursk and Kaluga provinces. He was a passionate "gun hunter".Wandering with a gun over his shoulders, the writer studied the heart of Russia - its people. In his “Notes of a Hunter” there are meetings with men, women, and peasant children.
( Slide 5) The places mentioned in the story actually exist. Bezhin Meadow is located 13 km from Spassky-Lutovinov. There are also Parakhinsky bushes, the village of Varnavitsy, the village of Shalamovo, etc.
(Slide 6) The narration in the story “Bezhin Meadow” is told from the perspective of the author, who is also a character - a hunter who lost his way and got lost on a July night. The narrator absorbs a child's view of the world, and thanks to this, he declares with greater spontaneity one of the main themes of the story - nature and the hero in their harmonious unity.
Folk beliefs and legends Rural beliefs (Slide 10)
Brownie, mermaid.
Gap-grass- magic grass, with the help of which any locks and constipations are opened.
Parents' Saturday is one of the Saturdays, which, according to the old Russian custom, was dedicated to the commemoration of deceased relatives.
Heavenly foresight - solar eclipse
The righteous soul flies to heaven.
Vocabulary work (Slide 11)
Armyachok - peasant outerwear made of thick cloth
Bayal - spoke
Herd owners and herd drivers
Herd - a herd that is driven for sale
A fancy shirt - a shirt made of canvas
Onuchi - foot wraps, foot wraps for boots or bast shoes
Dictionary of dialect words (Slides 12,13):
-maybe,
-will conceive
-otkenteleva,
-where,
-between,
- pay.
5. Working with text (Slide14) Find in the text
They were just peasant kids from neighboring villages who guarded the herd...
I told the boys that I was lost and sat down with them...
The picture was wonderful: near the lights, a round reddish reflection trembled and seemed to freeze, resting against the darkness...
The dark, clear sky stood solemnly and high above us with all its mysterious splendor...
5.Individual work . Partial test of text knowledge at the first stage of the lesson(Appendix 1 ).
Questions for students:
What do you see?(text)
What kind of text is this?(Description, portrait)
What is a portrait?(image of the hero’s appearance (his face, figure, clothes) in the work) (Slides 16-18)
What can you learn from a portrait?
Can we tell from the portrait? internal qualities person?
Exercise:(Appendix2) fill out the tablesand prepare coherent story about the hero who is more interesting to you.
6.Group performances.
7.Secure the material.
Teacher Questions:
1) Why did the peasant children end up on Bezhin Meadow at night?
2) Which boy is the richest? How do you know about this??(Fedya. By clothes)
3) How old were the children? ( Fedya is about 14 years old, Pavlusha and Ilyusha look no more than 12 years old, Kostya is 10, Vanya is 7.)
4) What did the boys cook?(Potatoes)
8. Completing the task in a circle (tasks in a fan, everyone answers one question, pronouncing the answer to the neighbor on the shoulder) Discussion in groups.
1.What do the boys talk about around the fire? (They talk about brownies, goblins, about the dead and drowned people who come to life at night, about Trishka the Antichrist, about the merman, about the mermaid, about the voice, about the drowned Vasya)
2.What beliefs exist among the guys? (About the fact that you can see someone who dies in next year, a righteous soul may be in doves, a solar eclipse is a harbinger of the Antichrist, white wolves will run, they will eat people)
3.Which of the boys is the bravest? Why do you think so? (Pavel. He is not afraid to jump on a wolf, at night, without a twig in his hand, completely alone. It is Pavlusha who owns the funniest stories in this story. He goes for water, despite the stories about drowned people)
4.Why do guys tell each other scary stories? (The boys’ conversations reflect superstitions and fear of them: boys believe in something that does not exist in the world, but that is instilled in them by the ignorance and superstition of adults)
Let's thank each other! Well done, you did a good job!
Let's summarize the lesson. There is a mystery in every portrait. We feel that Turgenevas if calling us to peer and think, not stopping at the first impression. The author has sympathy for children. In Turgenev's portrayal, these are gifted, capable children. Each of them has its own special character.
What are they?
(Fedya is full of self-esteem, which is expressed in the fact that he tries to listen more than speak: he is afraid that he might say something stupid.
Pavlusha is businesslike and caring: he cooks potatoes, goes to fetch water. He is the bravest and most courageous of the boys: alone, without a twig, he galloped towards the wolf, while all the other boys were terribly frightened. By nature he is endowed with common sense.
Ilyusha is inquisitive, inquisitive, but his mind and curiosity are directed only towards the terrible and mysterious. It seems to him that all life is surrounded only by spirits hostile to man.
Kostya is compassionate by nature: he sympathizes with all people who, in his opinion, have suffered from evil spirits.
Vanya, about whom almost nothing is said in the story, deeply loves nature. During the day he likes flowers, at night he likes stars. It was he, in a sincere outburst of his childish spontaneity, who diverted the boys’ attention from talking about the terrible to the beautiful stars.)
- Are children interesting to the hunter? ( Despite the difference in age, education, upbringing, social status, children are interesting to Turgenev. He forgets about fatigue and listens carefully to all these stories. The hunter did not fall asleep by the fire, but watched the guys with undisguised curiosity. In his story, he expressed a feeling of deep sincere sympathy for peasant children).
- How did you imagine the world of peasant children in the 19th century? What is it filled with? How did they live? ( Slide 20)On the one hand, independent from the cradle, they have absorbed everything Russian: attitude to nature, beliefs, signs, lively mind. On the other hand, hard work, lack of opportunity to study. All these children tend to : T r pleasure , courage, curiosity , love of nature, strength, endurance , there is no imitation of a foreign one. Work is a great joy for them, the holiday “Bringing in the herd at dawn” )
- Can we tell from a portrait about a person’s inner qualities?
- Is it possible to recognize and reveal the image of a hero from speech? (Children's stories are colorful, bright, testify to the richness of their imagination, their ability to convey their impressions, but at the same time to a greater extent they talk about something else: about the darkness of children, about the fact that children are captive of the wildest superstitions.)
Here is another side of the world of childhood as depicted by Turgenev.
Homework. 1. What is speech characteristic heroes? (Work according to the text)
2. Writeminiature essay “Characteristics of a literary hero” .( Appendix 3 )
Appendix 1
Lyrics
1. He was a slender boy of fourteen years old, with beautiful and thin, slightly small features, curly blond hair, light eyes and a constant half-cheerful, half-absent-minded smile .
(Fedya)
2. He has disheveled black hair, gray eyes, wide cheekbones, a pale, pockmarked face, a large but regular mouth; the whole head is huge, as they say, the size of a beer cauldron; the body is squat, awkward.
(Pavlusha)
3His face was rather insignificant: hook-nosed, elongated, slightly blind, his compressed lips did not move, his knitted eyebrows did not diverge. His yellow, almost white hair stuck out in sharp braids from under his low felt cap. .
(Ilyusha)
4. This is a boy of about ten... His whole face was small, thin, freckled, pointed downward, like a squirrel’s; lips could hardly be distinguished; but his large, black eyes, shining with a liquid brilliance, made a strange impression.
(Kostya)
Appendix 2
Character
Age
Family, status
Cloth
Why did I end up at night?
Character
Main features
Where and in what ways did they manifest themselves?
Impression
Appendix 3
Characteristics plan
1. Portrait of a boy.
2. His role among his comrades.
3. The story told by the hero.
4. The boy's behavior.
5. Character of the hero.
In all of Turgenev's works, descriptions of nature occupy a prominent place. Such descriptions are given special significance by the inextricable connection in which they are located with the characters. This connection is expressed in the fact that between nature and its phenomena, as Turgenev describes them, and mood, conversations, thoughts characters there is complete harmony, and nature in Turgenev’s works is thus the background against which figures and faces are outlined.
The same correspondence between the picture of nature and the moods of the characters is observed in the story “Bezhin Meadow”, where all conversations are caused by the “night” environment in the steppe, near the river. All the action takes place at the foot of a steep cliff, from which main character story, a hunter almost fell while wandering across the steppe. Here, near the river, a fire has been lit, horses are roaming not far from it, two dogs are lying nearby, and peasant boys, guarding a herd, are sitting around the fire and talking. Around this group there is thick darkness, the impression of which intensifies every time the fire, having engulfed a new branch in a bright flame, immediately then falls.
Against the background of pictures of nature drawn by Turgenev in the story “Bezhin Meadow”, “children of the people” are shown in vibrant colors, with a warm feeling. The situation in the story is most conducive to thoughts in the spirit of the mystical and mysterious - and this is precisely the nature of the children’s conversations. All these conversations are about the supernatural, the miraculous, and they are saturated with the spirit of superstition and fear of unknown forces.
There were five boys around the fire. The eldest, Fedya, was about fourteen years old, blond, with light eyes, small and beautiful features and a constant smile on his lips. Judging by his new and clean clothes, the comb hanging from his belt and his boots, he belonged to a wealthy peasant family. The second, Pavlusha, looked unprepossessing, but attracted sympathy. The third, Ilyusha, a pale boy with a thin, worried face, dressed neater than Pavlusha, was the same age as him. The next oldest was Kostya, about ten years old, with a thin, freckled face, pointed towards the bottom, pale lips and large black eyes. The fifth was a boy of about seven, Vanya, lying on the side, covered with matting, from under which his fair-haired, curly head only occasionally peeked out.
Just as fully and comprehensively the peasant children are described from the aspect of their appearance, they are just as fully described from the moral side, each with its own peculiarity, a characteristic feature for it, and all of them together with the features common to all of them.
First of all, the common feature that catches the eye is superstition. They take it to the extreme, and there is no incongruity to which they would not give faith, since the supernatural, incomprehensible, otherworldly is involved in the matter. Every reasonable objection here runs into blind faith. Of all the boys, only Pavlusha looks at things most soberly, and he at times destroys the mysterious mood and fear that engulfs the boys by calling out: “Oh, you crows, why are you alarmed?” But he, Pavlusha, himself believes in all these things, and when Kostya asks him about the white dove that flew up to the fire, whether it is a righteous soul, he does not dare to immediately reject this assumption, and after some thought he answers: “maybe.”
But superstition is not the only characteristic feature, discovered by peasant children in the story “Bezhin Meadow”. They also have a high degree of poetic flair. The atmosphere of a warm summer night in the steppe makes a deep impression on them, they succumb to its charm. Kostya and Vanya show their poetic feelings more than others. The first one sadly recalls Vasya, who drowned in the river, and touchingly describes the grief of his mother, Feklista. Vanya is even more poetic in nature, drawing the attention of his comrades to the beauty of the night sky, dotted with stars. He enthusiastically compares stars to bees.
Another attractive trait, tenderness, immediately appears in children. Distracted by Vanya from thoughts about all kinds of miracles, Fedya, looking at the stars, turns to Vanya, as if under the influence of a grateful feeling for drawing his attention to the starry sky and affectionately asks Vanya about his sister. In the few words that Vanya and Fedya exchanged, there is more tenderness than other long, eloquent tirades could express.
It should be noted that there is another very attractive feature displayed by Pavlusha in the episode with the wolf: his courage. Pavlusha was generally less influenced by stories about the supernatural than his comrades. He cheerfully calls out to the guys and brings them back to reality, when they succumb to nightly fears and about the danger that threatens him in the future, he boldly says: “Well, it’s okay... you can’t escape your fate.”
The courage of this twelve-year-old boy was most clearly demonstrated when the alarm was raised, all the boys were frightened, the dogs rushed into the darkness barking, and the herd ran anxiously. One Pavlusha bravely rushed after the dogs and soon returned on horseback, telling his comrades that nothing serious had happened. The author deeply sympathizes with Pavlusha and he dedicates it to him last words story "Bezhin Meadow".