Alexander Zass “Iron Samson” is a man of enormous strength and will. Iron Samson Alexander Zass Alexander Ivanovich Zass

Alexander Zass was born on February 23, 1888 on an unnamed farm in the Vilna province, part of the Northwestern region of the Russian Empire. Shura was the third child in the family. In total, Ivan Petrovich and Ekaterina Emelyanovna Zassov had five children: three boys and two girls.

Soon after the birth of Alexander, the Zass left the Vilnius region and moved to the outskirts of Tula, and when the boy was four years old, the family moved to Saransk. The reason for the change of place was that my father received the position of clerk. Despite the fact that the landowners' estates, which were managed by Ivan Petrovich, were located between Saransk and Penza, the Zasses lived mainly in the city itself. It is curious that both the town house itself and the bank accounts were registered not in the name of the head of the family, but in the name of the mother, who was a very purposeful and strong-willed woman. It is known that she even ran and was elected to the Saransk City Duma. Ivan Petrovich, skillfully managing the household, involved all his children in work. Later, Alexander Ivanovich recalled: “My childhood was spent in the fields, because our family was essentially a peasant family. There was plenty of food and drink, and yet we had to work hard for everything we had.”

By his own admission, Alexander's childhood years were not particularly interesting and consisted mainly of hard work. As he grew older, his father began sending him on long trips on horseback with large sums of money, which he had to deposit in the bank into the account of the owner of the estates. In the future, his father wanted to give Alexander a technical education and dreamed of seeing his son as a locomotive driver.

Zass himself did not have the slightest desire to drive locomotives. Traveling around different cities and villages, he had the opportunity to see quite a lot of traveling troupes and tent circuses, for which Russia was famous in those days. The life of a circus performer seemed to him the most beautiful in the world. However, Alexander could not allow himself even a hint of such thoughts - his father was very strict and could mercilessly flog him for disobedience.

One day, Ivan Petrovich took his son with him to the fair to sell horses. In the evening, after a successful transaction, they went to a performance of a traveling circus located nearby. The sight he saw struck the boy to the core: To the music, screams and laughter, people soared in the air, horses danced, jugglers balanced various objects. But he especially liked the strongman who could easily lift heavy weights, break chains and twist iron bars around his neck. Many spectators, including Father Alexander, following the invitation of the presenter, got up from their seats and tried without special success repeat these tricks. Returning to the inn, father and son had dinner and went to bed. But sleep did not come to Alexander, slipping out of the room, he rushed to the circus tent and, having paid the required amount from his pocket money, went in to watch the performance again.

He returned home only the next morning. The father, having learned about his son’s absence, took a shepherd’s whip in his hands and flogged him. Alexander spent the rest of the day and all night in a separate room without food or sleep, tormented by a fever. Early in the morning he was given some bread and told to go to work immediately. Already in the evening, the father informed his son that he was sending him to a distant southern village for a year as a shepherd. There, a twelve-year-old teenager had to help shepherds graze a huge herd - almost 400 cows, 200 camels and over 300 horses. From morning to night, he was in the saddle under the scorching sun and made sure that the animals did not fight, did not wander off and did not climb into other people's possessions.

All the time spent away from home, Alexander did not stop thinking about the circus and its wonderful life. He learned to shoot well - more than once or twice the shepherds had to fight off wolves. Communication with animals also gave a lot to the future circus actor. He tried to teach horses the same tricks that he noticed from riders in the circus, and improved in horse riding and vaulting. Soon the boy began to feel as confident on the horse’s back as on the ground. However, what especially surprised the shepherds and what Alexander himself considered his main victory was his friendship with the guard dogs. He managed to find a common language with six huge, ferocious and ruthless wolfhounds, who then accompanied him everywhere.

After returning to Saransk, Zass began collecting magazines and various instructions “on improving the figure and developing strength.” Reading them, he tried to understand the intricacies of sports and circus terminology, learned athletic exercises, learned about famous wrestlers, gymnasts and strongmen. Alexander's favorite hero was the outstanding athlete of the nineteenth century, Evgeniy Sandov.

Zass's early day now began with gymnastics and jogging. He spent his free minutes in the backyard of the house, devoting them to performing various exercises. He didn’t have any dumbbells or weights, so the guy tied stones of varying weights to wooden sticks. In addition, he carried cobblestones, trying to hold them only with his fingers, and jogged with a calf or foal on his shoulders. Zass also trained with thick tree branches - he tried to bend them without support with just his hands. Later, he made two horizontal bars for flying from one bar to another.

The first successes came as a reward for hard work - Alexander felt his body getting stronger and filled with strength. He learned to “spin the sun” on a bar, do one-arm pull-ups, and catch 8-kilogram stones thrown from a throwing board. There were also injuries. One day he failed to hold a stone projectile and fell with a broken collarbone. After spending a month with his arm in a sling, he started all over again.

Many years later, having already become famous, the circus athlete, based on his childhood experiences, will create an entire training system, the basic principles of which will be recognized throughout the world. These are the so-called isometric exercises. Their characteristic feature- muscle tension without contractions, without movements in the joints. Alexander Zass argued that it is not enough to make do with only traditional methods of muscle development, namely muscle contraction under load. Seemingly futile attempts to strain tendons and muscles, such as when bending a steel bar, are very useful for developing strength. Time has completely confirmed his point of view.

Having become older, Zass turned for help to famous athletes of that era - Pyotr Krylov, Dmitriev, Anokhin. They all reviewed the young man's letters and sent him their methodological recommendations. By training according to their exercise systems, Alexander Ivanovich further developed his abilities. None of his peers could do what he did. Weighing 66 kilograms, the young man confidently twisted 80 kilograms with his right hand and juggled 30-kilogram weights. Rumors about his extraordinary strength quickly spread throughout the surrounding villages and villages. They began to invite him to various parties and celebrations, where people were not averse to measuring their strength with him. However, for all his outstanding abilities, Alexander Ivanovich grew up as a surprisingly calm and not pugnacious person; in the summer he took care of his father’s affairs, and in the winter he attended school.

The turning point in his fate came in the summer of 1908. Despite Alexander's timid protests, Zass Sr. sent the twenty-year-old guy to Orenburg to the local locomotive depot to study as a fireman, or, if he was lucky, as an assistant driver. And at the beginning of October, Orenburg newspapers announced the arrival in the city of “the first-class Andrzhievsky circus with its huge troupe.” Alexander, of course, came to watch the performance. A couple of days later, Zass, having mustered up his courage, appeared before the director, to whom he told about how he was attracted to such a life. Dmitry Andriyuk, and this is how Andrzhievsky was actually called, was himself an excellent trainer and wrestler, and performed athletic performances. To Alexander’s great surprise, he said: “Do you want to work in the circus? Well, okay, you can join us as a laborer. You will help where needed. But life here is difficult, no doubt about it. You will work long hours, and it may happen that you will have to go hungry. Think carefully." However, Alexander did not hesitate.

At first, the young circus performer really had a hard time. In addition to various “menial” labor such as cleaning animals or cleaning the arena, he helped the athlete Kuratkin during his performances. Over time, Kuratkin became attached to the young man - he taught him the various intricacies of circus strongmen, and trained him in balancing with heavy objects. And a few months later, Alexander received his own, small act - demonstrating strength, he threw a huge stone over his head from hand to hand. He wrote to his family that he was diligently studying to become a locomotive driver. This was only partly a lie - Zass really put his whole soul into the hard work of a circus performer.

Andrzhievsky's circus tent operated for six months in Orenburg and nearby settlements, and as soon as the fees began to fall, the troupe got ready to go. Zass had to make a difficult decision - to go to his father in Saransk and inform him of his choice of life path or to openly continue his circus career. Andrzhievsky, having learned about this, ordered Zass to return home, repent and trust in his father’s mercy. He refused all the young man’s requests to take him with him.

However, Zass did not go home at all. He took the train to Tashkent, and upon arriving in the city he immediately went to the circus of the famous entrepreneur Yupatov. He had heard a lot about Philip Afanasyevich. Yupatov kept his circuses in Tashkent, Samarkand and Bukhara; his troupes included the most famous “stars”, each of them an unsurpassed specialist in his genre.

The performance of the Tashkent troupe made a huge impression on Zass. After the Andrzhievsky Circus, the performances performed amazed us with their unique technique, brilliant invention and purity of execution. When the performance ended, the young man went to the ringmaster to talk. Introducing himself as an artist from the Andzhievsky Circus, he explained his desire to get a job with Yupatov very simply: “I want to earn more.” Half an hour later he was already invited for negotiations with the director of the circus, who, barely looking at Zass, announced that he was ready to hire him as a laborer on the condition that he pay a “deposit of integrity” of 200 rubles. Alexander did not have that kind of money, and he was given a week to get it.

The very next morning he wrote a letter to his father, saying that he had found a promising job with a good salary. He wrote that a large enterprise offered him training, but required him to pay 200 rubles as proof of integrity. Four days later, the required amount of money came from his father along with congratulations, and Zass became a full participant in Yupatov’s performances.

Initially, he became an assistant to the legendary trainer Anatoly Durov. After six months of working on his team, Alexander was unexpectedly transferred to the cashier position. The salary in this place was higher, and Zass even managed to repay the debt to his father, who now did not particularly delve into the essence of his son’s “profitable” work. And soon he was returned to the arena, but not to Durov, but to the troupe of horse riders. As soon as Alexander got comfortable in this friendly and cheerful company, he was transferred to the aerialists. This is how Philip Afanasyevich raised young circus performers. In order to identify their true inclinations, and also to have replacements if necessary, he “passed” them through many specialties. Zass, despite the fact that he liked the work, did not stay with the trapeze gymnasts for long and was sent to a group of wrestlers led by the 140-kilogram giant Sergei Nikolaevsky.

Some time later, after numerous discussions, a plan was born for Alexander to perform independently, not related to wrestling matches. The basis was strength exercises, in which Zass was especially good - breaking chains with the force of the chest and arms, bending iron rods. These tricks were complemented by less difficult numbers, but also very effective. For example, demonstrating the strength of the pectoral muscles, Alexander lay on his back, and on his chest there was a platform that could accommodate up to ten people. And Alexander could successfully hold the platform in his teeth on which the two heaviest wrestlers were sitting.

People flocked to Yupatov's performances, and the box office was excellent. However, the happiness of circus performers is short-lived. One dark August night, the circus menagerie caught fire. Perhaps the matter was not without competitors, but it was not possible to find out. The damage from the fire was catastrophic - most of the animals were burned and property was lost. There was nothing to pay the artists, and the troupe disbanded. Horse riders left for the Caucasus, Durov went to St. Petersburg, and Alexander Zass, along with six wrestlers, went to Central Asia. Along the way, athletes earned their living by performing, and the arena for them was, at best, the central square of the village, and more often a street or road. Thus, the emaciated and weakened strongmen reached Ashgabat, where they got a job in the circus tent of a certain Khoytsev.

With the advent of Yupatov’s artists, Khoytsev’s circus became mainly a wrestling circus, since against their background all other genres were losing. Performing in various cities and villages as an ordinary wrestler, Alexander continued to train intensively. His day began with a three-kilometer run, then there were exercises with breaking chains and with iron rods - he bent them on his knee, curled them in a spiral, and tied them in a knot. He devoted a lot of time to developing his back and pectoral muscles. Having finished the morning training, Zass rested and trained for the second time in the evening. During these classes, the athlete practiced horseback riding with vaulting, practiced balance, developed jaw and neck strength by lifting 170-kilogram steel beams from the ground.

Such activities helped him gain more muscle mass, which was necessary not so much for performing various tricks, but for obtaining a “marketable” appearance, since Zass was not taken seriously in the arena for a long time. Indeed, in an era when in world athletics 150- and 170-kilogram heroes were considered the embodiment of physical power, the short and thin Zass with his 168 centimeters of height and 75 kilograms of weight had a hard time compared to them. Later, Alexander Ivanovich will write that “large biceps cannot be considered a criterion of strength, just as a large belly is not a sign of good digestion.” He argued that “a large man does not have to be strong, and a modestly built man does not have to be weak, and all the strength lies in the sinews, which is what needs to be trained.”

During a tour of the Khoytsev circus, Zassa finally found a summons ordering him to report for military service. Recruits were called up according to their place of birth, and Alexander had to go to Vilna, where he was from. There his forehead was shaved and he was assigned to serve in the 12th Turkestan Infantry Regiment, located on the Persian border. During his three-year service, he worked as a gymnastics instructor and also continued to practice wrestling and horse riding. After its completion, Zass went to Simbirsk (Ulyanovsk), where he was offered a position as a coach of women athletes, and after some time he moved closer to his family in the city of Krasnoslobodsk, where he and his father purchased a cinema. However, things didn’t work out for him, and he was forced to turn to weightlifting again. Zass began performing solo numbers, and at the same time developed new unique power tricks. The first job offers came from a number of circuses, but then the First World War began.

Mobilization took place hastily, and Zass ended up in the 180th Vindavsky Infantry Regiment, which was transferred from Saransk to Lublin at the beginning of the war. Alexander Ivanovich was enlisted in regimental reconnaissance and, as part of a small group, carried out horse raids on enemy rear lines. A pedant and an ardent “regime manager” in peaceful life, at the front he turned into a stern and dashing warrior. It is known that he was promoted to rank for his bravery in combat. There is also a legend about how, during another sortie, the stallion Zass was wounded in the front leg. The athlete did not abandon the animal in trouble; after waiting for night, he put the horse on his shoulders and went out with him to our trenches.

Alexander Ivanovich did not fight at the front for long - during the next battle, a shell exploded next to him, hitting both legs of the Russian hero with shrapnel. He woke up in an Austrian hospital. There he was operated on, but the first operation was unsuccessful, and soon Alexander Ivanovich underwent a second and third. The wounds did not want to heal properly, and doctors warned the athlete that he might have to lose his legs. Left to his own devices, Zass used some of the principles of his passive exercises. He continued to work hard every day until all fears of losing his legs completely disappeared. Full recovery did not come immediately. At first, Alexander Ivanovich learned to move on crutches and helped care for other prisoners. And when he was able to move without crutches, he was transferred to a prisoner of war camp.

In this “institution” everything was different. They fed poorly, forced to work a lot - from morning to evening, prisoners were busy building roads and temporary hospitals for the wounded on both sides, who continued to arrive in countless numbers. Zass spent about a year in this camp. The place was well guarded, the barracks were surrounded by barbed wire. Together with another prisoner named Ashaev, Alexander Ivanovich began to prepare to escape. With great difficulty, the friends managed to get a map of railway tracks without roads and a small, almost toy compass. They also managed to save some provisions. The last barrier to escape was barbed wire, completely hung with hundreds of bells and tins. Straining their brains in search of a way out, the prisoners very soon came to the conclusion that they had only one way beyond the wire - to make a tunnel. On moonless nights, Zass and Ashaev dug a hole, and when it was finished, they escaped.

By dawn, tired and exhausted, they ran to the forest and took refuge under the shade of trees. There was no chase. The goal of the fugitives was to reach the Carpathians, where, in their opinion, the forward posts of the Russian army were located. However, these plans were not destined to come true; on the sixth day they came to the attention of a field gendarmerie patrol. They tried to escape, but they were caught up and, after being brutally beaten, they were taken to the nearest commandant’s office. After interrogation, Zass and Ashaev, to their surprise, were not shot, but were sent back to the camp. There the fugitives were brought before a military court, which gave them a relatively “mild” decision - they were sentenced to thirty days of solitary confinement on bread and water. At the end of the punishment, the prisoners were returned to their old duties, but were transferred to another, more guarded part of the camp. Alexander Ivanovich stayed here for several more months, and then, due to a shortage male power was sent to Central Hungary to an estate that was breeding horses. Life here turned out to be much easier, and after a couple of months, taking advantage of the inattention of the guards, Zass and a Cossack named Yamesh left this place. This time the Russian athlete was much better prepared, had a reliable map and compass, and enough money. They remained free for two and a half months, until a patrol caught them near the Romanian city of Oradea. The friends were placed in the city prison, and when it was revealed that this was Alexander’s second escape, he was put in a dark underground casemate for six weeks. After this, he was transferred to a regular cell and was engaged in minor prison work. And then he was transferred to street work, which pushed Alexander Ivanovich to another attempt escape. This time, having already learned from bitter experience, he did not try to break through to the Russian units. Zass reached the Romanian town of Kolozhvar, where he was located famous circus Herr Schmidt and asked to meet with the owner.

Alexander Ivanovich openly told the director of the troupe about his troubles, as well as about his activities in Russian circuses. Fortunately, Schmidt's program did not include any strength athletes or wrestlers. Zass's stories about the tricks he could show convinced the owner. Schmidt was pleased with the first performances of the Russian hero, who, by the way, was far from in his in better shape, helped him buy new clothes and paid him a huge advance. However, Alexander Ivanovich’s luck was not destined to last long. Circus posters announcing the appearance of "The Strongest Man on the Planet" attracted the attention of the local military commandant. Curious why such a fine fellow did not serve in the Austrian army, he arrived at the circus, and by the evening of the same day he found out that Zass was a Russian prisoner of war. Taking into account that Alexander Ivanovich did not kill or maim anyone during his escapes, the military tribunal limited himself to imprisoning him in the fortress until the end of the war. Zass was placed in a damp and cold basement, into which air and light penetrated through a tiny window located at a height of six meters and overlooking a moat with water. The legs and arms were shackled, which were removed only twice a day during feeding.

Escape seemed impossible, but the Russian hero did not lose heart. Pulling himself together, he began to train. Shackled in arms and legs, he worked hard - he did goose steps, backbends, squats, tensed his muscles, kept them “on,” and relaxed. And so many times a day. The ostentatious humility and obedience somewhat changed the conditions of his detention. Three months later, Zass was allowed a daily half-hour walk around the territory of the fortress, and after a while, knowing about his circus past, he was offered to train local dogs. Alexander Ivanovich agreed, thereby freeing himself from the leg shackles and gaining some freedom for his hands. This turned out to be quite enough for him. After some time, the Russian strongman successfully made his next, final escape.

He successfully reached Budapest, where he got a job as a port loader. Zass stayed at this job for quite a long time, gradually regaining his strength. And when the Beketov Circus came to the city, he turned there, thinking of getting a place as an athlete or wrestler. But the circus director, who was experiencing financial difficulties, refused him, nevertheless giving him a letter of recommendation for the famous wrestler Chai Janos, who had his own troupe. This good-natured Hungarian treated Alexander Ivanovich with attention. After listening to the Russian hero and testing him in a duel, he took him into his team. For three years after this, Zass performed in the wrestling troupe of Chai Janos, alternating fights on the carpet with acts with dogs. He visited Italy, Switzerland, Serbia. Zass did not return to Soviet Russia, believing that, as a soldier of the tsarist army, the path there was closed forever. In the early twenties, tired of wrestling, the athlete moved to the circus of his old friend Schmidt, where he began performing athletic tricks that later brought him world fame. At the director’s suggestion, he took the stage name Samson, under which the European public knew him for many decades.

In 1923, Zass received an unexpected offer to work in Paris. He signed a contract, but did not stay long in the French capital. A year later, at the invitation of the head of British variety shows Oswald Stoll, he went to England, where he lived until the end of his life. It is curious that Stoll’s representatives, who met the famous strongman at London’s Victoria Station, at first did not pay any attention to the inconspicuous, stocky man who did not know a word of English. However, soon photographs of the Russian athlete took over the front pages of local newspapers. He visited Bristol, Manchester, Glasgow, Edinburgh... His fame grew, and his performances aroused fantastic interest.

Zass was truly unique; common sense refused to believe in the numbers he performed. To demonstrate the gigantic load on his shoulders, he built a special tower. Being at the top, he held suspended platforms with people on his shoulders. In one of the photographs, Zass holds thirteen people on his shoulders, including Winston Churchill. Zass developed another unique number, “Projectile Man,” from a trick shown by other strongmen. They were catching a nine-kilogram cannonball fired from a cannon, but the Russian hero chose a ninety-kilogram projectile for himself. Then, together with foundries and blacksmiths, he developed a particularly powerful cannon capable of throwing this cannonball so that it would slide along a given trajectory over the arena. By the way, Alexander Zass’s technical studies brought him considerable benefit in the future. Many years later, he developed the wrist dynamometer, first as a competition device and then as a training device. Successful performances with cannonball catching were not enough for him; Zass knew well how to conquer the audience. After much thought and calculation, a miracle gun was created that fired not cold metal, but girls. Flying eight meters across the stage, they invariably fell into the hands of the athlete.

Working with a jack, Alexander Ivanovich easily lifted trucks off the ground on one side. He generally had a craving for cars - in one city or another in England he loved to organize “road shows”. The strong man lay down on the ground, and cars full of passengers passed over him - along his lower back and legs. In public, Zass also practiced stretching with horses. At the same time, he held back two horses rushing in different directions.

Putting future karatekas to shame, Zass broke through concrete slabs with his fists, and bent iron beams into a pattern more intricate than on the gates of Westminster Abbey. Alexander Ivanovich’s traditional performances were: hammering huge nails into a thick board with the palm of his hand, flying under the circus dome with a 220-kilogram beam in his teeth, carrying across the stage with a 300-kilogram horse on his shoulders. Many famous British athletes tried unsuccessfully to repeat Zass's tricks. And the Russian hero challenged anyone who was ready to knock him down with a punch in the stomach. Professionals have also participated in this more than once. There is a photo of the world heavyweight boxing champion, Canadian Tomi Burns, trying to knock down the Russian hero.

In 1925, Zass met the dancer Betty - she became a participant in one of his numbers. The athlete hung upside down under the circus dome and held in his teeth a rope on which a platform with a girl playing the piano was suspended. Later short time they began to live together. In 1975, 68-year-old Betty would say: “He was the only man I truly loved.” But Alexander Ivanovich was always popular with women and reciprocated. Betty forgave him a lot, and only ten years later life together in 1935 they decided to end their relationship and remain friends. She later married best friend Zass - clown and circus rider Sid Tilbury.

With the outbreak of World War II, Alexander Zass, who never renounced his Russian citizenship, had problems. To avoid being interned, he stopped performing public power shows and began training lions, elephants and chimpanzees at Chessington and Paignton zoos, and gave numerous interviews about working with animals. As soon as the war ended, Alexander and Betty resumed performing together. For many years, she hovered over the arena and played music, until during a performance in 1952 at the Liverpool Stadium, the noose to which Zass was suspended by his leg broke. The entire structure, along with the athlete, the fragile woman and the piano, collapsed. Alexander Ivanovich escaped with only a broken collarbone, but Betty injured her spine. After spending two years in a hospital bed, she was able not only to get back on her feet, but also to return to the circus as a rider. However, a second misfortune soon happened - she was thrown by a horse. Since then, Betty has been confined to a wheelchair forever.

Shortly before the war, Alexander participated in filming in the small town of Hockley, located a forty-minute drive from London. Here he saw a site on Plumberow Avenue that he really liked. In 1951, Zass, Sid and Betty purchased this house for three. Alexander Ivanovich lived there on short visits, during breaks between tours. In 1954, Zass worked as the chief administrator of the New California Circus in Wokingham, and also performed with his famous Scottish ponies and dogs. On August 23 of the same year, the BBC television company organized the athlete's last public performance with power tricks. And although he was already 66 years old, the numbers shown were impressive. After this, Zass continued to work tirelessly, but as a trainer. However, he liked to include power routines in his programs as entertainment for the public. For example, at the age of seventy he carried two lions around the arena in a special yoke.

In the summer of 1960, Alexander Ivanovich received a letter from Moscow from his sister Nadezhda. A correspondence began between them. In his messages, Zass asked if he could come and visit his relatives, stay in Russia, get a job there as a coach or physical education teacher. And in 1961, when the Soviet circus came on tour to London, the athlete met with Vladimir Durov, the grandson of the legendary Anatoly Leonidovich, for whom he worked as an assistant in his youth.

Monument to Zass in Orenburg

In the summer of 1962, there was a fire in Zass's caravan. 74-year-old Alexander Ivanovich bravely rushed into the fire to save his animals. In doing so, he received serious burns to his head and damaged his eyes. These injuries greatly damaged him. He felt that he did not have long left in this world, and gave Betty detailed instructions about own funeral. One of the main wishes was the time of burial - “in the morning, when the sun begins to shine.” It was at this time that circus performers used to leave their seats and hit the road. Alexander Ivanovich died on September 26, 1962 in a hospital in Rochford, where he was taken the night before with a heart attack. He was buried in Hockley in accordance with his wishes.

Based on materials from the book by A.S. Drabkin “The Secret of Iron Samson” and the athlete’s memoirs “The Amazing Samson. Told by him... and more"

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Hello, dear readers!

About 100 years ago he lived great man- Alexander Ivanovich Zass. He is known around the world under the pseudonym “Samson”, or “Iron Samson”, or “Russian Samson”. To this day, he is famous for his heroic strength, which he showed in the circus arena, as was customary in those days. Based on his wealth of experience, Alexander Zass has compiled a system of isometric training that allows everyone to significantly develop their strength.

Large biceps are not a sign of strength, just as a big belly is not a sign of good digestion.

Where did the power come from?

In 1888 in the city of Vilna in big family a boy, Alexander, was born. Alexander spent his childhood and youth in Saransk. He grew up and saw his father often put on performances and show his family his strength. The boy was always very impressed by this.

A visit to the circus with his father, Ivan Petrovich, played a decisive role in Alexander’s fate. The most amazing thing for the little boy was the performance of a strongman who, with his strength, broke chains and bent horseshoes. After the tricks, the strongman invited volunteers from the audience who wanted to test their abilities. After their failure, Ivan Petrovich entered the arena and easily performed all the strongman’s tricks, which surprised the latter a lot. After this, Alexander definitely decided that he wanted to be a circus performer. The circus became his guiding star.

His training ground was set up right next to his house and consisted of homemade horizontal bars and scrap materials. The guy worked hard, but soon realized that to achieve results he needed a system and help. Sasha convinced his father that he needed to order Evgeniy Sandov’s book “Strength and How to Become Strong” from Moscow.

Alexander began to study with even greater zeal using a new method for that time. He was intrigued by the fact that Sandow, who was not born with a powerful body, managed to achieve significant results in the development of his physical strength through systematic training. became Alexander's idol, leading him to his dream.

Over time, Sandow’s knowledge and training became not enough for the growing strongman. He addressed letters to the famous athlete Pyotr Krylov for methodological recommendations in training with weights, and to the famous Dmitriev-Morro for instructions in training with a barbell. Alexander began a new stage of training.

The young athlete’s consciousness was accompanied by a picture of power tricks from the circus. Therefore, among his training equipment there were always thick chains, large number horseshoes, metal rods and various nails. He systematically made many attempts to master the chain and iron rod tricks he had seen in the circus. And he understood that this bears fruit in achieving physical strength.

From the experience gained Alexander Zass discovered isometric exercises. When practicing them together with dynamic loads, muscle strength significantly develops. This became the basis of the isometric exercise technique using chains.

Achieving your dreams

When Alexander began working in the circus, he mastered many genres at a very high level: aerial gymnastics, horse riding, power wrestling. For some time he was an assistant to the great trainer Anatoly Durov. Later he assisted the strongman Mikhail Kuchkin, where his first practice took place. Kuchkin correctly predicted that Zass would become a celebrity thanks to his strength, and despite his height and weight.

The height of the already adult Alexander was only 167.5 cm, and weighed less than 80 kg. The girth of the chest when inhaling was 119 cm, biceps - 38 cm. Later I pumped up my biceps to 41 for a more impressive appearance in the arena.

All of Zass’ routines were very popular with the public, be it hammering nails into a board with his hand, or lifting several people with one hand, or holding a platform with wrestlers in his teeth, or stretching with horses, or breaking a thick chain with his fingers...

Wartime difficulties

Zass was called up for service in 1914. He ended up in the 180th Vindavsky Cavalry Regiment. Even during the First World War, Alexander Zass did not stop showing his muscle strength, strength of humanity and fortitude. Returning from a planned reconnaissance, not far from his regiment, he was spotted by the Austrian enemy. During the shooting, a bullet wounded a horse. After making sure that the horse and rider had fallen, the enemies left them. Alexander decided to save the horse and carried it on his shoulders to his regiment, walking with it 500–600 meters (for reference: the horse’s weight is about 400–600 kg). Subsequently, the athlete will include in his performances a routine where he carries a horse around the arena.

During another battle, Alexander received a severe leg wound from shrapnel. He almost lost them when he woke up in an enemy hospital. The doctors' indecisiveness saved him from amputation. Alexander developed special gymnastics for himself, thanks to which he got back on his feet.

The athlete had to shed sweat as a prisoner during road work. He tried to escape several times, but after each escape, severe punishment was sure to follow. The third attempt was special. He managed to escape from the camp, and fate brought him to the city of Kaposvár, in the south of Hungary. At that time, the Schmidt Circus, then famous throughout Europe, was on tour there.

When meeting with the owner of the circus, Alexander honestly explained how he got here and how he performed in circuses. Having interested the circus owner and showing his skills, even without being in good athletic shape, Zass was invited by Schmidt to work in the circus. After two weeks, Alexander Zass performed for the first time under the new name “Samson”. The news about the new strongman artist spread quickly and reached the military commandant. It was surprising to him that such a strong man did not serve in the Austrian army. It turned out that Samson was a Russian prisoner.

And again severe punishment, then the basement of the fortress and a damp room. But Alexander Zass has a will as strong as himself. He runs again thanks to his heroic strength. Neither the chain and handcuffs nor the bars stopped him.

In Budapest I had to work as a loader at the port.

Chaya Janos, a world wrestling champion, helped him become a circus performer again. Alexander met a Hungarian friend back in Russia. An old acquaintance took the exhausted athlete to the village to visit his relatives. There Alexander Zass gradually regained his strength. There he met the great impresario Pasolini from Italy, whom Chaya Janos brought with him.

World fame

Pasolini knew perfectly well the capabilities and achievements of Alexander Zass. Therefore, he did not hesitate to offer him a long-term contract with payment of a fifth of the fee. The athlete agreed.

Thus began his international tours: Italy, Germany, England, Switzerland, France. Everywhere he is called Samson. Stunning performances became a sensation wherever they took place.

However, Alexander does not stand still. He continues to develop: he studies the performances of other strongmen, updates his numbers, constantly complicating them with additional tricks.

In 1924, in the publication “Health and Strength” (England), on a separate color spread, portraits of A. Zass, or Samson, and E. Sandow, who never ceased to be the athlete’s idol, were placed together.

In 1925, Pullum published the book “The Amazing Samson” in London. The author presented amazing life And career growth Russian strongman.

In 1938, in Sheffield (England), Samson staged a performance of himself, lying on a cobblestone street, being run over by a truck fully loaded with coal. The shocked crowd furiously shouted: “Glory to the Russian Samson!” - when the safe and sound Alexander Zass stood up from the pavement and bowed to the jubilant audience.

Alexander Zass gave almost 60 years of his life to the circus, of which about 40 years he performed power tricks.

In 1962, a natural athlete of the 20th century. died and was buried at Hockley, near London.

Records of Alexander Zass

Let us imagine once again how strong this man was physically and spiritually, performing such tricks:

• carried a horse on his shoulders around the arena;
• carried the piano with people;
• caught a 90 kg cannonball fired from a distance of 8 m;
• caught an assistant flying out of a special cannon from a distance of 12 m;
• he held an iron beam with assistants at the ends suspended with his teeth;
• Lying with his back on a board with nails, he held a 500 kg cobblestone, which anyone could hit with a sledgehammer.

Samson always said that it’s not about muscles, but about how much willpower you have, how strong your tendons are, and how you know how to control your muscles.

Wait for the continuation of the story about Zhelezny Samsovna - Alexander Zass, in which we will look at his system of isometric training.

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Iron Samson (1888-1962) is one of the strongest people of the last century. He developed a method based on dynamic exercises, with the help of which he cultivated incredible strength. He always maintained that pumped up muscles are not an indicator of strength. Power depends on strong tendons and the ability to feel the body. This is probably true, otherwise how can one explain the miracles that the strongman Alexander Zass demonstrated on stage, without possessing phenomenal physical characteristics.

Anthropometry

• His height did not exceed 170;
• weight was 75 kg;
• biceps size 42 cm;
• chest – 120 cm.

“My potential is the result of hard work and incredible mental and physical stress.”

Man-made wonders of Zass

Iron Samson devoted his entire life to the circus. People came to see a man who lifted a piano with a sitting girl and carried it around the arena. He held a structure with two circus pieces in his teeth, hanging upside down in the air, and held a rope with a tied piano in his mouth. Alexander easily caught a 9 kg cannonball fired from a distance of 80 m, broke the links of a metal chain and tied them with a bow. He could hammer a 3-inch nail with his palm and pull it out with his fingers. In his arsenal there were always many power tricks that captured the imagination of the public.

Children's hobby

Alexander Ivanovich Zass born in Vilnius. My love for the circus began with my first visit to the show. What shocked the boy the most was the number with trained animals and the performances. The event that happened at the end of the speech determined the path of life. When the circus performer invited those who wanted to unbend the horseshoe, Sasha’s father came on stage and repeated his act. The boy realized that he had potential, but it needed to be developed.

Alexander read many books about physical development, got acquainted with Anokhin’s training and. The latter’s book on body building became a sports bible for the teenager. He built a trapeze arena, stone weights, and began using dumbbells. I trained my agility with the help of a throwing board, grabbing a flying stone in the air. The sports corner was constantly improved by adding new equipment.

Iron Samson's training methods

Later, Sasha met famous athletes Krylov and Dmitriev-Morro. The guys developed a complex for him and helped him master the barbell. Every day he started from a 3-kilometer run, then unbent iron rods on his knee and twisted them into spirals. For back and chest development raised a platform with stones. After a series of approaches, I stood in a “bridge” and stretched the muscles. I finished my morning exercises by lifting bags to gain weight. First I filled them with sawdust, then every day I poured out a handful and added sand. After completely replacing the filler, I used shot. As a result, the package, which initially weighed 7 kg, became 10 times heavier.

The second training session took place in the evening. Alexander Zass practiced horse riding and developed his balance by vaulting. Special techniques for performing on a horse while moving at a gait, trot or calm walk perfectly developed balance.

Alexander did not deny the importance of power techniques and used them for himself to improve texture. At the very beginning of his career, he weighed 63 kg, and he was faced with the task of increasing his volume.

“I believe in muscles if the tendons are strong, otherwise it’s just an illusion.”

To strengthen them, I performed them to overcome resistance. To increase the contractility of muscle fibers, he combined them with dynamic practices.

Glory

There was a lot of tragedy in Zass's life. He survived the First World War, was captured, broke his chains three times and escaped. Last time he was lucky, and Alexander made it to Hungary, where Schmidt’s circus was touring. He passed the strength test and became a member of the troupe. Here he met wrestler Chai Janos and signed a contract for a world tour. The press wrote:

“Zass is the only one in the world whose mind and body are in harmony. What he does will not be repeated by anyone else.”

In total, Zass devoted 60 years to the circus. During this time came up with hand dynamometer, gun for the “Man Projectile” attraction. Hard training did not prevent me from living in good health into old age. The strongman was buried near London in the town of Hockley.

Authentic footage in the biographical video about Alexander Zass

This happened in 1938 in the English city of Sheffield. In front of the crowd, a truck loaded with coal ran over a man sprawled on the cobblestone street. People screamed in horror. But the next second there was a cry of delight: “Glory to the Russian Samson!”. And the man to whom the storm of jubilation was felt, stood up from under the wheels as if nothing had happened, bowed to the audience with a smile. Several decades since circus posters Many countries couldn't remember the name of the Russian athlete Alexandra Zassa, who performed under the pseudonym Samson. His repertoire of power routines was amazing:

• he carried a horse or a piano around the arena with a pianist and dancer located on the lid;
• caught with his hands a 9-kilogram cannonball flying out of a circus cannon from an eight-meter distance;
• he tore a metal beam with assistants sitting at its ends from the floor and held it in his teeth;
• having threaded the shin of one leg into the loop of a rope fixed under the dome, he held a platform with a piano and a pianist in his teeth;
• lying with his bare back on a board studded with nails, he held a stone weighing 500 kilograms on his chest, which was hit by those from the public with sledgehammers;
• in the famous attraction “Projectile Man” he caught with his hands an assistant flying out of a circus cannon and describing a 12-meter trajectory above the arena;
• he broke the links of chains with his fingers;
• He hammered nails into 3-inch boards with his unprotected palm, and then pulled them out, wrapping his index finger around the head.

The performances were triumphant. This is explained not only by the original athletic numbers, most of which could not be repeated by any athlete, but also by the fact that he was not like many strongmen of that time, who had massive figures and great weight. His height is 167.5 cm, weight - 80 kg, chest circumference 119 centimeters, biceps - by 41 centimeters. He liked to say that big biceps are not always an indicator of strength. Same as a big belly does not mean good digestion. The main thing is willpower, strong tendons And ability to control your muscles. Very often Samson I had to answer the question of how he achieved such strength. He replied that this was the result of purposeful work, enormous tension of all spiritual and physical forces. If you trace your entire life path Alexandra Zassa, then you can see that it consisted of constant training and a strict regime. In one photograph, where Samson is captured sitting at a table near a samovar, there is his note: “5 minutes of rest,” but he was then 74 years old, and he continued to work, although not in the strength genre, but as a trainer, but often included in their performances are power tricks. So, at the age of seventy, he carried two lions around the arena on a special yoke! Of course Alexandra Zassa there was enormous natural strength, which is what distinguished his ancestors in general. Once in his native Saransk he visited the circus with his father. The boy especially liked the mighty strongman who broke chains and bent horseshoes. At the end of his performance, the artist, as was customary at that time, addressed the audience, inviting them to repeat his tricks. Alas, no one was able to bend a horseshoe or lift a ball barbell with a thick bar off the ground. And suddenly father Alexandra, Ivan Petrovich Zass, rose from his seat and entered the arena. Alexander knew that his father was very strong. Sometimes he demonstrated his strength to the guests. And so the strong man handed the horseshoe to his father. To the surprise of the public, the horseshoe in the hands of Zass Sr. began to unbend. Then Ivan Petrovich he tore a huge barbell off the platform and, straightening his torso, raised it above his knees. The audience applauded like crazy. The circus strongman was embarrassed. He called the uniformist over to him. He ran backstage and brought a silver ruble. The artist raised his hand with a ruble and said: “But this is for your feat and for a drink!” The father took the ruble, then rummaged in his pocket, pulled out a three-ruble ruble, and handed it to the athlete along with the ruble, saying: “I don’t drink! But take it, but drink only tea!” Since then, his son lived only in the circus. In the backyard of the house, with the help of adults, I installed two horizontal bars, hung trapeze bars, got hold of household weights, made a primitive barbell, and began to train with incredible persistence. I tried to repeat what I saw. Having mastered the “sun” (large rotation) on the horizontal bar, he began to fly from one bar to another, doing backflips not only on the floor, but also on a horse. I did one-arm pull-ups several times. But all these activities were unsystematic. He convinced his father to order books on physical development from Moscow. And soon a book by the then famous athlete “Strength and How to Become Strong” arrived. The author talked about his athletic career, about victories over famous athletes, and even about fighting a huge lion, which before the fight was given a muzzle and special huge mittens on its paws. The lion lunged at him several times Sandow, but he threw it off himself every time. Then came eighteen exercises with dumbbells, that is, what was especially necessary Alexandru. And he began to study Sandow system- your idol. But he soon realized that exercises with dumbbells alone could not develop the strength that a professional strongman needs. He turns to famous athletes and Dmitriev-Morro for help, who did not ignore the young man’s request, and soon Zass received methodological recommendations from these athletes. Krylov recommended exercises with weights, and Dmitriev - with a barbell. He squeezed two-pound weights simultaneously and alternately (“mill”), pressed them upside down, and juggled. With the barbell I performed mainly bench presses, clean and jerks, and overhead presses. With his own weight of 66 kg, young Zass twisted (press with torso deviation) with his right hand 80 kg. But most of all he was attracted by the power tricks that he saw in the circus. And he visited the circus constantly. His sports props began to be replenished with horseshoes, chains, metal rods, and nails. And then he realized that repeated attempts to perform a trick - breaking a chain or bending a thick metal rod - bring tangible results in the development of physical strength. In essence, these were the now widely known isometric exercises. Thus, purely empirically (based on experience) Alexander Zass came to the conviction that athletic strength can be developed by combining dynamic exercises with isometric ones in training. He later published his isometric system, and the pamphlet created a sensation. Once at the circus, Zass at one time he worked as an assistant to the legendary trainer Anatoly Durov, then as an athlete Mikhail Kuchkin, and he often told his assistant: “Someday, Sasha, you will become a famous strongman, I have not seen anyone who is as strong as you, having such a small height and weight.” Generally Zass He worked in the circus for about sixty years and almost forty of them with athletic acts.

In 1914, world war broke out. Alexandra Zassa drafted into the 180th Vindavsky Cavalry Regiment. One day an incident occurred that amazed even those who were well aware of the extraordinary power Alexandra. One day he was returning from another reconnaissance mission, and suddenly, already close to the Russian positions, they noticed him and opened fire. The bullet shot through the horse's leg. The Austrian soldiers, seeing that the horse and rider had fallen, did not pursue the cavalryman and turned back. Zass, making sure that the danger had passed, did not want to leave the wounded horse. There was still half a kilometer left to his regiment, but this did not bother him. Putting the horse on his shoulders, Zass so he brought it to his camp. Time will pass, he will remember this episode and will include carrying a horse on his shoulders in his repertoire. In one of the fights Zass was seriously wounded by shrapnel in both legs. He was captured, and the Austrian surgeon began amputation. But Zass I begged him not to do this. He believed in his powerful body and the therapeutic gymnastics that he developed for himself. And he recovered! Soon he, along with other prisoners, was sent to heavy road work. He made several unsuccessful escapes, after which he was severely punished. The third escape was remarkable. Having escaped from the camp, Alexander I found myself in the city of Kaposvár in the south of Hungary, where the Schmidt Circus, known throughout Europe, was on tour. Appearing before the circus owner, Zass Frankly told him about his misfortune, as well as about working in Russian circuses. Immediately the director suggested that he break the chain and bend a thick metal rod. Of course, hungry and tired Zass I was not in good athletic shape, but by force of will I completed the task. He was taken to the circus, and soon the news of the amazing athlete spread throughout the city. But one day the military commandant came to his performance. He became interested in why such a strong young athlete was not serving in the Austrian army. That same evening it turned out that Samson was a Russian prisoner of war. He was taken to the basement of the fortress, into a damp, dark room. But his strength and will were not broken. He made a new escape by breaking the chain connecting the handcuffs and breaking down the bars. Now he gets to Budapest, where he gets a job as a loader at the port, and then at the circus arena. A wrestler, world champion, helped him Tea Janos with whom Alexander met back in Russia. This good-natured, powerful Hungarian treated the unfortunate Zassu. Took him to the village to his relatives, where the strength Alexandra gradually recovered. Then he performed for three years in a wrestling troupe under the direction of Janos tea, alternating fights on the mat with athletic performances.

One day Janos introduced the Russian strongman to the famous Italian impresario Signor Pasolini who has heard a lot about athletic capabilities Zassa. The Italian offered to conclude a contract. European tour begins Zassa, his fame is growing. Finally, he comes to England, where his performances generally aroused fantastic interest. Famous athletes such as Edward Aston, Thomas Inch, Pullum began to try their hand at repeating tricks Zassa, but not a single attempt was successful. Mr Pullum, director of the famous Camberwell Weightlifting Club and editor-in-chief of the sports magazine Health and Strength, wrote of him: “A man has arrived straight into the heart of England, capable of performing feats that common sense refuses to believe. If he had been a huge fellow, his performances might have been perceived as believable. But pay attention at least to the chest excursion (the difference between inhalation and exhalation) of this short man. It is equal to 23 centimeters, which says a lot to specialists. Therefore, I say that he not only has unprecedented physical strength, not only a magnificent artist, but also a man who uses his mind as well as his muscles.” And this is what the poster of the famous Alhambra hall, where he was supposed to perform, testifies Alexander Zass: “In Manchester, during construction work, Samson, suspended by one leg from a crane, lifted a metal beam from the ground with his teeth, and was carried to the top of the building by a crane, while the crowd stood gaping below. If the Russian had opened his mouth, the crowd would never have been able to tell what they saw.” Posters and newspapers did not lag behind. Daily Telegraph: " Mister Samson, is certainly the strongest man on earth. You can believe this when you see how easily he ties iron rods into knots.”

Manchester Guardian: “According to the advertisements, he is the strongest man on Earth, and after we have seen him for ourselves... this statement can be considered irrefutable.”

Health and Strength Magazine: "In the face Samson we have a strongman whose achievements are completely open to scrutiny. Truly, his muscles are made of steel."

At the end of your life Alexander Zass invented the hand dynamometer, designed and manufactured a circus cannon for the “Projectile Man” attraction. Died Samson in 1962. He was buried near London, in the small town of Hockley.

Bruce Lee

In addition to the fact that he fought well, he pinned the US champion in the 110kg weight class Van Williams. The result of such targeted training was the forearms. Powerful, amazing strength. They were as hard to the touch as if baseball bat. Spoke Van Williams. Somehow Bruce offered to fight him. I sat down at the table with the idea of ​​playing along with him as a friend. I was 112 kg then. How could I compete with Bruce seriously! However, it turned out that I did not have enough strength to overcome the resistance of his hand! Moreover, I could not move his hand even a millimeter. In a conversation with Herb Jackson, Lee jokingly said that he could become the World Arm Wrestling Champion. ABOUT Bruce Lee I can tell you a lot, but with a weight of 65 kg, he picked up 2 dumbbells of 37 kg each and held them on outstretched arms for 20 seconds.

Milo

Famous Hellenic athlete Milo from the city Crotona lived in the 6th century BC He was invincible strength exercises and wrestling for twenty years, won the absolute winner’s wreath six times Olympic Games. He developed phenomenal strength, which became proverbial, almost according to modern principles of training: duration, continuity, gradual increase in load. For the first time Milo lifted the bull on his shoulders when he was a calf, and subsequently carried him around the stadium arena every day. The bull grew, grew and Milo's strength. The end of the attraction is for the needs of the ancient public. Having lowered the bull to the ground, the athlete killed him with a punch between the eyes. Milo stood on a disk greased with lard or oil, and none of the spectators could push him off this slippery pedestal. A stone weighing 136 kilograms was thrown six meters. He put six people in a chariot, lifted it on his head and carried it around the arena. But he saved the most amazing of his tricks for last. Milo he squeezed a ripe pomegranate in his palm and invited those who wanted to take it out. No one succeeded. The athlete unclenched his hand - the pomegranate was completely intact and not even dented: to such an extent, while tensing the muscles of his fingers, he was able to simultaneously relax the muscles of his palm. During the war between his native Croton and the city of Sybaris Milona was elected commander. Like Hercules, the famous hero, dressed in a lion's skin, fought with a huge club in his hands, replacing an entire squad. The death of the strongman was tragic. Having gone into the forest to get firewood for his old mother, he hammered wedges into the crack of a thick trunk and tried to tear it in two with his hands. But the released wedges fell to the ground, and the tree pinched the fingers. Milo I didn’t take into account that with age, even champions lose strength. He was unable to free his hands and found himself chained to the trunk. Helpless, hungry and exhausted, the famous athlete was torn to pieces by wild animals. That's how he died Milo of Croton, to whom a marble monument was erected and whose name was included six times in the lists of winners of ancient Olympia. Milo of Croton wrote the scientific treatise "Physics" and became famous as a singer - throughout his life he confirmed the ideal of harmony of body and soul. This ideal was put forward by Pythagoras, an Olympic champion and an excellent fist fighter, known to us from school. The father of medicine, the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, had phenomenal physical strength and stood out among the Hellenic wrestlers and horsemen. The winners of the highest awards for sporting prowess were the famous philosophers Plato and Socrates, and the tragic poets Sophocles and Euripides. Many of the most prominent philosophers and poets, statesmen and generals of Ancient Greece (remember, for example, Pindar and Alcinades) are outstanding athletes and winners of Olympic competitions. The combination of greatness of strength and nobility of spirit was demonstrated by the ancient Greek hero Polydamus of Thessaly. He was relaxing with friends in a cave when the earthquake began. Polydamus supported the vault until his companions left the cave, but he himself was covered with stones. It is known about this athlete that he killed a lion with his bare hands, which in ancient times was considered something of a standard for the title of master of sports.

Albion athletes

Cornish farmer Payne had a son Anthony. Already as a child, he was distinguished by his extraordinary strength: he could put one of his peers on each arm and run up a steep hill with them. Being a huntsman, he went to hurry the servant, who was supposed to bring firewood on a donkey. He shouldered the donkey, the firewood, and the servant - and brought it all home. As you remember, a test of strength in ancient times was an exercise with a lion, and in the Middle Ages it was replaced with a harmless donkey. What degradation! Strength was not the privilege of only tall people. At the beginning of the 18th century, a dwarf toured Ireland Owen Farrell height 113 centimeters. He danced with two adults under his arm. And he walked freely, carrying four people. Enjoyed great fame Thomas Topham, born in London in 1710. His tricks were amazing. May 20, 1731 (this number shocked the audience so much that even exact date his performance) at a performance in Derby Topham lifted three barrels of water with a total weight of 863 kilograms on a belt thrown over his shoulders and neck.

The strength of heroes in Rus' is traditionally combined with selfless courage. During the battle in 1240, when our army under the command of Alexander Nevsky victoriously repelled the Swedes, the Novgorod warriors showed courage and extraordinary strength. Those who went down in history especially distinguished themselves Gavrilo Oleksic, Sbyslav Yakunovich And Yakov Polovchanin. Working magnificently with battle axes and swords, they crashed into the thick of the enemies and paved the way for the entire army. Interest in people of outstanding stature and heroic strength was persistent. Peter I issued personalized decrees, according to which heroes were wanted throughout Rus'. This is understandable - courageous people who reliably held weapons in powerful hands were always needed by the Fatherland. At the end of the 18th century, he lived in St. Petersburg famous artist Orlovsky, a man of enormous stature and phenomenal strength. He could juggle a two-handed sword while holding it with three fingers. Having gone to someone's home and not finding the owner, Orlovsky would leave a poker tied in a knot as a sign of his visit. This is what they wrote about the captain of the frigate "Raphael" Vasily Lukin, who died in the Battle of Athos during the war between Russia and Turkey: “His strength was amazing, but it was difficult to force Lukina use it only in a cheerful hour among friends. He easily broke horseshoes, could hold pound cannonballs in his outstretched hands for half an hour, press a nail into a ship wall with one finger; could fold a massive silver plate into a pipe so that it was impossible to determine what it was originally. Once, while protecting his sailors from drunken, riotous English sailors, Lukin killed a dozen fighters on the spot, and the rest shamefully retreated from the scene of the massacre." In the second half of the 19th century, wrestling of a purely forceful nature gained popularity. They had gigantic strength, Zaikin, Shemyakin, Hackenschmidt, Kashcheev. Everyone knew the leading athletes, young and old. The pages of magazines were full of photographs of strongmen, their portraits were exhibited in store windows, and products were advertised with their names. In those years, there was still no orderly assessment of strength, and athletes came up with various feats such as bending a poker, lifting stones, and horses. They tore chains in front of the audience, tore apart a folded deck of cards with their fingers, weaved patterns from nails...

How the steel rose

It was difficult to say who was stronger until an objective opportunity for an answer appeared - the barbell. A standard projectile, lifted according to strictly defined rules. And here the heroes of our Motherland proved that they are fully worthy of their mighty ancestors: domestic weightlifters are, without a doubt, the strongest in the world. The largest number of records in weightlifting was set by the Soviet athlete Vasily Alekseev - 80 world records. He was the first to lift 600 kilograms in triathlon. Olympic champion Yuri Vlasov installed 28 world records. Other Russian heroes performed like them on the international stage - A. Voronin, N. Kolesnikov, Yu. Vardanyan, D. Rigert, L. Jabotinsky, Yu. Zaitsev and many others. So we can rightfully say: our athletes today are the strongest people on the planet.

Unsurpassed records

As the crowd watched, a truck loaded with coal ran over a man sprawled on the cobblestone street. This trick was demonstrated Alexander Zass (Samson). With his own weight of no more than 80 kg, he carried a horse weighing up to 400 kg on his shoulders. He lifted an iron beam with his teeth, at the ends of which two assistants sat, the total weight was 265 kg. For fun, he could lift a taxi and drive it like a wheelbarrow, break horseshoes and break chains. He lifted 20 people on the platform. Grigory Kashcheev walked around the circus arena, shouldering 12 two-pound weights (384 kg), and once lifted a forty-pound (640 kg) beam. Peter Krylov, the King of Kettlebells, pressed 114.6 kg with his left hand and bent rails on his shoulders. He set several world records in weightlifting: bench press on a wrestling bridge - 134 kg, bench press with a two-pound weight with his left hand - 86 times, spread his straight arms to the sides, holding a weight weighing 41 kg in each. Yakub Chekhovskaya demonstrated a sensational strength trick in 1913 - he carried six soldiers of the Guards regiment (at least 400 kg) around the arena at arm's length, for which he was awarded an honorary gold belt. This record number has not yet been repeated by any athlete in the world. World champion in French wrestling Nikolay Vakhturov threw a two-pound weight over a railway carriage, and the world champion in wrestling Ivan Zaikin lifted a 40-bucket barrel of water onto his back and carried it around the arena. Athlete Herman Gerner, holding 50 kg in each hand, ran 100 meters in 18.4 seconds. Athlete Ludwig Chaplinsky for fun, he jumped over the dining table (80 cm high and wide) with a ram in his hands, and the athlete Peter Yankovsky on a dare, he squeezed three-pound weights into his palms while sitting on the floor. Georg Hackenschmidt lifted an iron cannonball weighing over 585 kg twice in a row, tearing it off the platform by 10 centimeters. The greatest weight ever lifted by a person is 2844 kilograms. He was held on the shoulders of an American weightlifter Paul Anderson. Great Leonardo da Vinci, of course, is familiar to each of us. But few people know that, possessing enormous strength, he swung with one hand such church bells that only four people could swing at the same time.

Exotic feminization

Lidia Rybakova(her weight is 68 kg) lifted a barbell weighing 900 kg from the ground. At the age of 33, on March 4, 1990, she started off and dragged a LAZ bus with 48 passengers in the cabin with a total weight of 10 tons 850 kilograms along the asphalt.

20 year old Svetlana Gavrilina from Serpukhov in December 1991, moved a 40-ton Tu-134 by more than two meters. Before her record, Svetlana studied... ballet for seven years. Her height is 164 cm, weight is 56 kilograms. Now she confidently lifts 500 kg on her belt, as well as a bar attached to her belt, on which 7 adult men are sitting. April 15, 1895 American Josephine Blatt(1869-1923) held a load of 1616 kilograms thrown on belts over her shoulders. This women's weight lifting record has not been broken to this day.

Pyramid of Dikul

Valentin Ivanovich Dikul(born 1947) is an outstanding athlete of our time. He performed two unique strength acts in the circus arena: holding a metal “pyramid” weighing a ton on his body, and holding a Volga car on his back (the load was 1570 kilograms). The uniqueness of these numbers is also in the fact that the athlete performed them after a severe spinal injury - he could not move for almost seven years and, with the help of exercise equipment of his own design, managed to restore his previous form. Now V.I. Dikul heads the Center for Rehabilitation of Patients with Spinal Injury and Consequences of Cerebral Palsy.

Krasnoyarsk Hercules

Klementy Boul born in 1888 in Achinsk; Soon the family moved to Krasnoyarsk. In 1911, for the first time he had the opportunity to participate in an international classical wrestling tournament held in St. Petersburg. The tournament brought together the best European wrestlers: the great Grigory Kashcheev, the Dutchman Van Riel, the Volga hero Nikolai Vakhturov. The high-profile titles did not bother the Siberian; in 16 fights he emerged victorious and won the title of champion.

Boule has established himself as an unsurpassed master of wrestling techniques. Being a heavyweight, he acted with extraordinary ease; his style was even compared to acrobatics. Boule met with the best carpet masters of that time -, Shemyakin, Zaikin, Lurich. In the final of the match, which took place in the arena of the Kursk circus in October 1928, he fought with himself. Within an hour Boule was able to withstand the six-time world champion and won a well-deserved victory. In the future Klementy Boul In the championships in classical wrestling he did not know defeats; in the mid-30s he switched to coaching. In the Dynamo society, he trained dozens of first-class wrestlers, including the European champion Konstantin Koberidze.

Died Klementy Iosifovich Bul in 1953, at the age of 66.

This man, 1000 photos, trained 12 hours a day, lived in the mountains for 3 years, fought 270 fights without a single defeat, a fight with him rarely lasted more than three rounds (it’s good that they fought with gloves), and usually lasted no more than 10 seconds . In live combat, he killed a person with one blow; if the person blocked, the limb would break. Demonstrating human capabilities, Oyama without fear he went into battle with a bull and cut off the horns of the enraged animal with a blow of his hand. He took part in fights with the strongest wrestlers and boxers of that time, and always emerged victorious. For his incredible strength and talent, admiring Americans dubbed Oyamu"by the hand of the Lord." Then they looked at him as a miracle, something supernatural. It took years for the secret of the great master to be revealed to all of us - any person engaged in Kyokushin karate. All you need is desire and perseverance in achieving your goal. During his life, he killed 52 bulls, 3 of them died on the first blow.

In 1957 in Mexico, at the age of 34, he was on the verge of death when a bull gored Oyamu. Oyama managed to knock down the bull and cut off its horn. He was bedridden for 6 months recovering from a usually fatal wound. The Humane Society of Japan protested against Oyama's animal fighting after Oyama announced his intention to fight with a tiger and a bear, although the bulls were killed Oyama were intended for slaughter. Here is a list of exercises that Oyama performed every day:

During a period of short but fruitful asceticism in the mountains Oyama lived according to a strictly developed regime, which often appears in biographies of the master and serves as an edification to frivolous students:

• 4 o'clock in the morning - rise. Meditation with closed eyes - 10 min. Running in the mountains - 2 hours.
• 7 am - cooking.
• 8 a.m. - meal, combining breakfast and lunch.
• 9 am - start of training.
  Perform a set of five exercises ten times:
  1. lift a sixty-kilogram barbell 20 times;
  2. do push-ups on your fingers 20 times;
  3. do 20 handstand push-ups;
  4. do pull-ups on the bar 20 times;
  5. deliver 20 punches from the right and left to the makiwara.

  After completing each complex, do breathing exercises and immediately proceed to the next complex. After completing this complex ten times, rest for up to 11 hours.

• 11 a.m. - performing kata.
• 2 o'clock in the afternoon
  • lifting weights. Lift a sixty-kilogram barbell 20 times, then gradually increase the load.
  • Do 1000 push-ups: 200 times on two fingers, 200 times on four fingers, 400 times on five fingers. Before each complex, take a short break. Sometimes, for variety, do 1000 push-ups with fists, with a break after 500.
• 3 pm
  • development of sparring techniques;
  • exercises with makiwara;
  • rope climbing;
  • abdominal exercises - 200 times;
  • breaking stones.
• 5 pm - cooking. Dinner.
• 6 pm - meditation and going to bed.

In addition to this eloquent document, we note that many kempo devotees and enthusiasts adhered to such a daily routine not for a year or two, but for twenty, thirty years or their entire lives.

In 1952, Oyama went on a tour of the United States, where he created a sensation and brought complete confusion to the audience, demonstrating superhuman performances. In fact, how should American spectators react when a visiting master pounded huge cobblestones like porcelain, tore off the necks of beer bottles without the bottles falling off, beat himself on the knuckles with a hammer, punched thick boards with his hands and feet, (about 30 cm) tiles laid in fifteen to twenty layers and three or four bricks lying on top of each other? Oyama traveled throughout the United States for a year demonstrating his karate skills live and on national television. For my students Oyama developed a whole cascade of dizzying tricks that embody the highest achievements of karate on the physical level:

• punching a sheet of thin rice paper suspended on two threads with blows of the fist and fingers;
• splitting a board (or brick) suspended on a rope with blows of the fist, elbow, edge of the palm, edge of the foot and forefoot from a standing position on the ground or while jumping;
• splitting several inch boards in the hands of two assistants with all possible blows of the hands and feet, including jumping at a height of about two meters;
• splitting a one-inch board floating in a barrel of water;
• splitting up to twenty layers of tiles with hands, feet and head;
• splitting three bricks stacked on top of each other with a “hand-sword” or “iron hammer” blow;
• splitting with a sword-hand blow three ice slabs, each three inches thick, stacked one above the other at intervals;
• breaking through an ice block with your hand and head;
• splitting massive cobblestones with the base of the edge of the palm;
• cutting off the neck of a standing bottle;
• penetration with a “hand-spear” blow into a tightly tied bundle of bamboo rods;
• piercing a suspended cow carcass with a hand-spear blow.

Among the famous Russians, whom the whole world applauded, the hero Alexander Zass occupies an honorable place.
His name in his homeland is not as well known to the general public as the names of Poddubny and Zaikin, but in Europe he was considered the most famous Russian strongman.

He started, like most of his colleagues, with performances in the circus. Crowds of people came to see this kid playfully lifting multi-pound weights. This was absolutely incredible, considering that at that time Alexander weighed less than 80 kilograms. For example, Ivan Zaikin’s weight was more than 120 kg, Ivan Poddubny’s weight was 135 kg.

The First World War radically changed the artist’s life. He ended up on the front line, on the Austrian front. This is where his strength came in handy! Many times he pulled cannons out of the mud where horses could not do it, and once in a hand-to-hand fight Alexander killed two Austrians, hitting them with their foreheads and throwing them in different directions... And in one of the battles he was wounded horse, and Alexander carried it on his shoulders for about a kilometer. Rumors about the Russian strongman spread on both sides of the front. Many could not believe these stories, but looking ahead - later Alexander Zass demonstrated this trick more than once - carrying a horse on his shoulders...

In one of the battles, Zass was seriously wounded by shrapnel in both legs. He was captured, and the Austrian surgeon began amputation. But Zass begged not to do this. He believed in his powerful body and the therapeutic gymnastics that he developed for himself. And he recovered! Soon he, along with other prisoners, was sent to heavy road work. He made several unsuccessful escapes, after which he was severely punished. The third escape was remarkable. Having escaped from the camp, Alexander found himself in the city of Kaposvár in southern Hungary, where the Schmidt Circus, known throughout Europe, was on tour. Presenting himself before the owner of the circus, Zass openly told him about his misfortune, as well as about his work in Russian circuses. Immediately the director suggested that he break the chain and bend a thick metal rod. Of course, hungry and tired, Zass was not in good athletic shape, but through an effort of will he coped with the task. He was taken to the circus, and soon the news of the amazing athlete spread throughout the city.

But one day the military commandant came to his performance. He became interested in why such a strong young athlete was not serving in the Austrian army. That same evening it turned out that Samson was a Russian prisoner of war. He was taken to the basement of the fortress, into a damp, dark room. And then he made a new escape, breaking the chain connecting the handcuffs, breaking the bars on the window, and knocking out the sentry guarding the dungeon.

After long wanderings, with the help of a Hungarian wrestler known since pre-war times, Alexander Zass ends up in the troupe of an Italian circus impresario, and his tour of Europe begins. The fame of the hero named Samson resounds throughout Europe, but most of all in England, where Alexander Zass ends up with his circus. Famous athletes such as Edward Aston, Thomas Inch, Pullum began to try their hand at repeating Zass's tricks, but not a single attempt was successful. Mr Pullum, director of the famous Camberwell Weightlifting Club and editor-in-chief of the sports magazine Health and Strength, wrote of him: “A man has arrived straight into the heart of England, capable of performing feats that common sense refuses to believe. If he had been a huge fellow, his performances might have been perceived as believable. But pay attention at least to the chest excursion (the difference between inhalation and exhalation) of this short man. It is equal to 23 centimeters, which says a lot to specialists. Therefore, I say that he not only has unprecedented physical strength, not only a magnificent artist, but also a man who uses his mind as well as his muscles.” And here is what the poster of the famous Alhambra hall, where Alexander Zass was supposed to perform, testifies: “In Manchester, during construction work, Samson, suspended with one leg from a crane, lifted a metal beam from the ground with his teeth, and was carried to the top of the building by a crane, in while the crowd stood below with their mouths open. If the Russian had opened his mouth, the crowd would never have been able to tell what they saw.” Posters and newspapers did not lag behind. Daily Telegraph: “Mr Samson is certainly the strongest man on earth. You can believe this when you see how easily he ties iron rods into knots.”
Manchester Guardian: "According to the advertisements, he is the strongest man on Earth, and after we have seen him for ourselves... this statement can be considered irrefutable."

In 1938 in the English city of Sheffield. In front of the crowd, a truck loaded with coal ran over a man sprawled on the cobblestone street. People screamed in horror. But the next second there was a cry of delight: “Glory to the Russian Samson!”

His repertoire of power routines was amazing:

He carried a horse or a piano around the arena with a pianist and dancer located on the lid;

He caught with his hands a 9-kilogram cannonball flying out of a circus cannon from an eight-meter distance;

He tore a metal beam with assistants sitting at its ends from the floor and held it in his teeth;

Having threaded the shin of one leg into the loop of a rope fixed under the dome, he held the platform with the piano and pianist in his teeth;

Lying with his bare back on a board studded with nails, he held a stone weighing 500 kilograms on his chest, which was hit by those from the public with sledgehammers;

In the famous attraction, the “Projectile Man” caught with his hands an assistant flying out of a circus cannon and describing a 12-meter trajectory over the arena;

He tore the links of chains with his fingers;

He hammered nails into 3-inch boards with an unprotected palm, and then pulled them out, wrapping his index finger around the head.

They tried not to remember him in the Russian Empire, because he formally remained a military serviceman, but did not return to Russia. Some even called him a deserter.
Samson died in 1962. He was buried near London in the small town of Hockley.

There are several recordings of his late performances, when the athlete was over 55 years old...

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A 90-kilogram cannonball, which Samson catches, is fired from a specially designed circus cannon himself.

Samson did something similar in reality! An assistant was fired from a special cannon, which Samson caught!

Zass tendon exercises

It was a rare boy in the USSR who did not hold in his hands the book “The Secret of Iron Samson,” written by Zass’ nephew Yuri Shaposhnikov.

All the years until his death, Zass lived in the United Kingdom with a residence permit, never renouncing his Russian Motherland.

But with the beginning of the Second World War, Alexander Zass, who never accepted British citizenship, began to have problems. In order not to be among the internees, he stops public demonstrations of force and settles in the city of Paington, where he trains elephants, lions, and chimpanzees at the local zoo.

Alexander Zass's last public performance as a strongman in 1954 was organized for filming by the BBC television company. Samson was then 66 years old.

He continued to work, although not in the strength genre, but as a trainer, but often included strength tricks in his performances. So, at the age of seventy, he carried two lions around the arena on a special yoke!

Among the overgrown graves in the cemetery in Hockley, forty minutes by train from London, there is a tombstone with the laconic inscription “Samson”. And another slab, added later, with the inscription in Russian: “Dear Shura, you are always with us. Sister Nadya Zass, nephew Yura" and in English: "Alexander Zass (Samson) - The Strongest Man world, died September 26, 1962 at the age of 79."

In 1925, shortly after Zass first arrived in England, he met the dancer Betty - she became an assistant in one of his famous numbers: he hung upside down under the circus big top, holding in his teeth a rope on which a platform was suspended with piano and the pianist playing it. For many years, Betty played music like this, hovering over the arena, until during a performance in 1952 at the Liverpool stadium, Zass fell down, along with the piano, onto a fragile woman. But even this tragedy could not crush that incredible love, which Betty had for the Russian Alec, as she called him. Zass has always been popular with women and reciprocated their feelings. For the first ten years of their marriage, Betty forgave him everything. And only after a terrible quarrel in 1935 she told Alec: “Okay, we can’t fix you, we’ll remain just friends.” Soon she took up training and married a circus rider, later clown Sid Tilbury.

Joint performances in Zass’s room also continued. About a year before the tragedy with Betty, Alexander acquired land plot in Hockley, where the three of them settled: Alec, Betty and Sid. Their affection was so strong that when Samson, in his declining years, bought himself a place in the cemetery, he placed a bench in the courtyard of the house - so that after his death Betty could sit in the garden and see his final resting place. After Samson's death, Sid was buried in the same grave, and Betty was also supposed to rest there.