What qualities does the hero Saveliy have? “Who lives well in Rus'” What features of the people are shown in the image of Savely the Bogatyr? Thank you very much in advance

07.04.2019

The image of Savely in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'”

The reader recognizes one of the main characters of Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” - Savely - when he is already an old man who has lived a long and difficult life. The poet paints a colorful portrait of this amazing old man:

With a huge gray mane,

Tea, twenty years uncut,

With a huge beard

Grandfather looked like a bear

Especially, like from the forest,

He bent over and went out.

Savely's life turned out to be very difficult; fate did not spoil him. In his old age, Savely lived with the family of his son, Matryona Timofeevna’s father-in-law. It is noteworthy that grandfather Savely does not like his family. Obviously, all household members have far from the most best qualities, and an honest and sincere old man feels this very well. In his family of origin Savely is called “branded, convict.” And he himself, not at all offended by this, says: “Branded, but not a slave.

It’s interesting to observe how Savely is not averse to making fun of his family members:

And they will annoy him greatly -

He jokes: “Look at this

Matchmakers are coming to us!” Unmarried

Cinderella - to the window:

but instead of matchmakers - beggars!

From a tin button

Grandfather sculpted a two-kopeck coin,

Tossed on the floor -

Father-in-law got caught!

Not drunk from the pub -

The beaten man trudged in!

What does this relationship between the old man and his family indicate? First of all, it is striking that Savely differs both from his son and from all his relatives. His son does not possess any exceptional qualities, does not disdain drunkenness, and is almost completely devoid of kindness and nobility. And Savely, on the contrary, is kind, smart, and outstanding. He shuns his household; apparently, he is disgusted by the pettiness, envy, and malice characteristic of his relatives. Old man Savely is the only one in his husband’s family who was kind to Matryona. The old man does not hide all the hardships that befell him:

“Oh, the share of Holy Russian

Homemade hero!

He's been bullied all his life.

Time will change its mind

About death - hellish torment

In everyday life they wait.”

Old man Savely is very freedom-loving. It combines qualities such as physical and mental strength. Savely is a real Russian hero who does not recognize any pressure over himself. In his youth, Savely had remarkable strength; no one could compete with him. In addition, life was different before, the peasants were not burdened with the difficult responsibility of paying dues and working off corvée. As Savely himself says:

We did not rule the corvee,

We didn't pay rent

And so, when it comes to reason,

We'll send you once every three years.

In such circumstances, the character of young Savely was strengthened. No one put pressure on her, no one made her feel like a slave. Moreover, nature itself was on the side of the peasants:

There are dense forests all around,

There are swampy swamps all around,

No horse can come to us,

Can't go on foot!

When reading these lines, fairy-tale motifs come to mind, because in fairy tales and legends people were absolutely free, they were in charge of their own lives.

The old man talks about how the peasants dealt with bears:

We were only worried

Bears... yes with bears

We managed it easily.

With a knife and a spear

I myself am scarier than the elk,

Along protected paths

I go: “My forest!” - I scream.

Savely, like a real fairy-tale hero, lays claim to the forest surrounding him. It is the forest - with its untrodden paths and mighty trees - that is the real element of the hero Savely. In the forest, the hero is not afraid of anything; he is the real master of the silent kingdom around him. That is why in old age he leaves his family and goes into the forest.

Savely tells how in his youth his fellow villagers managed to deceive the master and hide their existing wealth from him. And even though they had to endure a lot for this, no one could blame people for cowardice and lack of will. The peasants were able to convince the landowners of their absolute poverty, so they managed to avoid complete ruin and enslavement.

Savely is a very proud person. This is felt in everything: in his attitude to life, in his steadfastness and courage with which he defends his own. When he talks about his youth, he remembers how only people weak in spirit surrendered to the master. Of course, he himself was not one of those people:

Shalashnikov tore excellently,

And he received not so much great income:

Weak people gave up

And the strong for the patrimony

They stood well.

I also endured

He remained silent and thought:

“Whatever you do, son of a dog,

But you can’t knock out your whole soul,

Leave something behind!”

Old man Savely bitterly says that now there is practically no self-respect left in people. Now cowardice, animal fear for oneself and one’s well-being and lack of desire to fight prevail:

These were proud people!

And now give me a slap -

Police officer, landowner

They're taking their last penny!

Gradually he gained the trust of the peasants and ordered them to drain the swamp, then cut down the forest. In a word, the peasants came to their senses only when a magnificent road appeared along which their godforsaken place could be easily reached.

And then came hard labor

To the Korezh peasant -

ruined the threads

Free life is over, now the peasants have fully felt all the hardships of a forced existence. Old man Savely speaks about people's long-suffering, explaining it by the courage and spiritual strength of people. Only the truly strong and courageous people can be so patient as to endure such bullying, and so generous as not to forgive such treatment of themselves.

That's why we endured

That we are heroes.

This is Russian heroism.

Do you think, Matryonushka,

A man is not a hero"?

And his life is not a military one,

And death is not written for him

In battle - what a hero!

Nekrasov finds amazing comparisons when talking about people's patience and courage. He uses folk epic, speaking about heroes:

Hands are twisted in chains,

Feet forged with iron,

Back...dense forests

We walked along it - we broke down.

What about the breasts? Elijah the prophet

It rattles and rolls around

On a chariot of fire...

The hero endures everything!

Old man Savely tells how the peasants endured the arbitrariness of the German manager for eighteen years. Their whole life was now at the mercy of this cruel man. People had to work tirelessly. And the manager was always dissatisfied with the results of the work and demanded more. Constant bullying from the Germans causes strong indignation in the souls of the peasants. And one day another round of bullying forced people to commit a crime. They kill the German manager. When reading these lines, the thought of supreme justice comes to mind. The peasants had already felt completely powerless and weak-willed. Everything they held dear was taken from them. But you can’t mock a person with complete impunity. Sooner or later you will have to pay for your actions.

But, of course, the murder of the manager did not go unpunished:

Bui-city, There I learned to read and write,

So far they have decided on us.

The solution has been reached: hard labor

And whip first...

The life of Savely, the Holy Russian hero, after hard labor was very difficult. He spent twenty years in captivity, only to be released closer to old age. Savely's whole life is very tragic, and in his old age he turns out to be the unwitting culprit in the death of his little grandson. This incident once again proves that, despite all his strength, Savely cannot withstand hostile circumstances. He is just a toy in the hands of fate.

SAVELIY, THE BOGATYR OF SVYATORUSSIAN With a huge gray mane, Tea, twenty years uncut, With a huge beard, Grandfather looked like a bear, Especially as if he were coming out of the forest, Bent over, he came out... Yes, grandfather couldn’t straighten up: he was already turning, According to fairy tales, a hundred years old. Grandfather lived in a special room and did not like the Family. He didn’t let me into his corner;

Savely's life turned out to be very difficult; fate did not spoil him. In his old age, Savely lived with the family of his son, Matryona Timofeevna’s father-in-law. It is noteworthy that grandfather Savely does not like his family. Obviously, all members of the household do not have the best qualities, but the honest and sincere old man feels this very well. In his own family, Savely is called a branded convict. And he himself, not at all offended by this, says: Branded, but not a slave.

It is interesting to observe how Savely is not averse to playing a joke on his family members: And they will annoy him greatly. They will joke: Look, we have matchmakers! Unmarried Cinderella to the window: instead of matchmakers, beggars! From a tin button, Grandfather fashioned a two-kopeck coin, threw it on the floor, and caught my father-in-law! Not drunk, the beaten one trudged in from the drinking establishment!

What does this relationship between the old man and his family indicate? First of all, it is striking that Savely differs both from his son and from all his relatives. His son does not possess any exceptional qualities, does not disdain drunkenness, and is almost completely devoid of kindness and nobility. And Savely, on the contrary, is kind, smart, and outstanding. He avoids his household, apparently, he is disgusted by the pettiness, envy, and malice characteristic of his relatives. Old man Savely is the only one in his husband’s family who was kind to Matryona. The old man does not hide all the hardships that befell him:

Old man Savely is very freedom-loving. It combines qualities such as physical and mental strength. Savely is a real Russian hero who does not recognize any pressure on himself. In his youth, Savely had remarkable strength; no one could compete with him. In addition, life was different before, the peasants were not burdened with the difficult responsibility of paying dues and working off corvée. As Savely himself says:

Nature itself protected the peasants from the invasion of the master, the police and other troublemakers. Therefore, the peasants could live and work peacefully, without feeling someone else’s power over them. When reading these lines, fairy-tale motifs come to mind, because in fairy tales and legends people were absolutely free, they were in charge of their own lives. The old man talks about how the peasants dealt with bears:

Savely, like a real fairy-tale hero, lays claim to the forest surrounding him. It is the forest with its untrodden paths and mighty trees that is the real element of the hero Savely. In the forest, the hero is not afraid of anything; he is the real master of the silent kingdom around him. That is why in old age he leaves his family and goes into the forest.

The unity of the hero Savely and the nature surrounding him seems undeniable. Nature helps Savely become stronger. Even in old age, when years and adversity have bent the old man’s back, remarkable strength is still felt in him. Savely tells how in his youth his fellow villagers managed to deceive the master and hide their existing wealth from him. And even though they had to endure a lot for this, no one could blame people for cowardice and lack of will. The peasants were able to convince the landowners of their absolute poverty, so they managed to avoid complete ruin and enslavement.

Savely's young years were spent in an atmosphere of freedom. But peasant freedom did not last long. The master died, and his heir sent a German, who at first behaved quietly and unnoticed. The German gradually became friends with the entire local population and gradually observed peasant life. Gradually he gained the trust of the peasants and ordered them to drain the swamp, then cut down the forest. In a word, the peasants came to their senses only when a magnificent road appeared along which their godforsaken place could be easily reached.

Free life is over, now the peasants have fully felt all the hardships of a forced existence. Old man Savely speaks about people's long-suffering, explaining it by the courage and spiritual strength of people. Only truly strong and courageous people can be so patient as to endure such bullying, and so generous as not to forgive such an attitude towards themselves.

That’s why we endured, Because we are heroes. This is Russian heroism. Do you think, Matryonushka, “The man is not a hero”? And his life is not a military one, And death is not written for him In battle, but a hero!

Nekrasov finds amazing comparisons when talking about people's patience and courage. He uses folk epic when talking about heroes: The arms are twisted with chains, The legs are forged with iron, The back... the dense forests We walked through it and broke. What about the breasts? Elijah the prophet thunders and rides along it in a fiery chariot... The hero endures everything!

The poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is the result of N.A.’s entire work. Nekrasova. It was conceived “about the people and for the people” and was written from 1863 to 1876. The author considered his work “an epic of modern peasant life.” In it, Nekrasov asked the question: did the abolition of serfdom bring happiness to the peasantry? To find the answer, the poet sends seven men on a long journey across Russia in search of at least one happy person.
On their way, wanderers meet many faces, heroes, destinies. Savely becomes one of the people they meet. Nekrasov calls him “the hero of Holy Russia.” The travelers see in front of them an old man, “with a huge gray mane, ... with a huge beard,” “he is already a hundred years old, according to fairy tales.” But, despite his age, this man felt enormous strength and power: “...will he straighten up? The bear will punch a hole in the light with his head!”
This strength and power, as the wanderers later learned, was manifested not only in Savely’s appearance. They are, first of all, in his character, the inner core, moral qualities.
The son often called Savely a convict and “branded.” To which this hero always answered: “Branded, but not a slave!” Love of freedom, the desire for internal independence - this is what made Savely a real “Holy Russian” hero.
Why did this hero end up in hard labor? In his youth, he rebelled against the German manager sent by the landowner to their village. Vogel made sure that “hard labor came to the Korezh peasant - he ruined him to the bone!” At first the whole village endured it. In this Savely sees the heroism of the Russian peasant in general. But what is his heroism? With patience and endurance, the peasants endured Vogel’s yoke for seventeen years:
And it bends, but does not break,
Doesn't break, doesn't fall...
Isn't he a hero?
But soon the peasant’s patience came to an end:
Happened, I'm lightly
Pushed him with his shoulder
Then another pushed him,
And the third...
The people's anger, having received an impetus, fell like an avalanche on the monster manager. The men buried him alive in the ground, in the very hole that he ordered the peasants to dig. Nekrasov, thus, shows here that the people’s patience is coming to an end. Moreover, although patience is national trait character, it must have its boundaries. The poet calls on you to start fighting for the improvement of your life, for your destiny.
For crime committed Savely and other peasants were sent to hard labor. But before that they kept him in prison, where the hero learned to read and write, and was flogged. But Savely doesn’t even consider this a punishment: “If they didn’t tear it out, they anointed it, it’s a bad fight!”
The hero escaped from hard labor several times, but was returned and punished. Savely spent twenty years in strict penal servitude, twenty years in settlements. Returning home, he built his own house. It would seem that now you can live and work in peace. But is this possible for Russian peasants? Nekrasov shows that no.
Already at home, probably the most terrible event happened to Savely, worse than twenty years of hard labor. Old hero did not look after his great-grandson Demushka, and the boy was eaten by pigs. Saveliy could not forgive himself for this sin until the end of his life. He felt guilty before Demushka’s mother, and before all people, and before God.
After the boy’s death, the hero almost settled at his grave, and then completely went to the monastery to atone for his sins. It is the last part of Savely’s life that explains the definition that Nekrasov gives him - “Holy Russian”. The poet sees the great strength and invincibility of the Russian man precisely in morality, the inner core of a simple peasant, largely based on faith in God.
But probably no one can speak better about his fate and destiny better than Savely himself. This is how the old man himself evaluates his life:
Eh, the share of Holy Russian
Homemade hero!
He's been bullied all his life.
Time will change its mind
About death - hellish torment
In the other world they are waiting.
In the image of Saveliy, the Holy Russian hero, are embodied enormous forces Russian people, their powerful potential. This is expressed both in the physical appearance of the hero and in his inner purity, love of freedom, and pride. However, it is worth noting that Savely has not yet decided on a complete rebellion, a revolution. In anger, he buries Vogel, but his words, especially at the end of his life, sound humility. Moreover, Savely believes that torment and suffering will await him not only in this life, but also in the next world.
That is why Nekrasov places his revolutionary hopes on Grisha Dobroskolonov, who must understand the potential of such Savelievs and raise them to revolution, to lead them to a better life.

Since a long time ago, Ukrainians were known as singing people, because on our land there is not only a village and a place with its own song, but also a skinned people, who had a kindness and a pure soul. They said how many stars there are in the sky, how many drops there are in the sea, how many songs there are in Ukraine. No woman or girl would ever dare to embroider a towel or a shirt. And there wouldn’t be a girl like that in Ukraine, as if she weren’t sleeping. Dreams, sadness, joy - everything was found in the song. Ukrainian song adds color and originality to literary works. Master of folk songs Ivan Kotlyarevsky at the song “Natalka Poltavka”.

The name of the original Russian writer Andrei Platonovich Platonov (Klimentov) recently became known to a wide circle readers. Unfortunately, his amazing prose, labored through, by the author’s own admission, “with his bare heart,” remained for a long time forcibly unclaimed by readers. Indeed, in Platonov's prose difficult fate. In 1927, his striking debut took place: the collection of stories “Epiphanian Locks” brought fame to the writer. And already in 1928, two of his books were published - “Meadow Masters” and “ Hidden Man" However, after his satirical works appeared in print

How often do we say: "What handsome man!" And what does “beauty” mean? It seems to me that this capacious concept includes, first of all, the inner, spiritual content, when a person lives in harmony with the world around him and himself, does what he loves, realizes his benefit to society, is self-sufficient, he does not he needs to intoxicate himself with alcohol and drugs in order to feel happiness. He sees beauty “spread everywhere”: in nature, in the souls of people close to him, in works of art, in music. After all, it is impossible to live without spiritual food. How poor and meaningless our life would be. don't be creative in it

Work:

Who can live well in Rus'?

Savely - “the hero of the Holy Russian”, “With a huge gray mane, Tea has not been cut for twenty years, With a huge beard, Grandfather looked like a bear.” He was definitely similar in strength to a bear; in his youth he hunted it with his bare hands.

S. spent almost his entire life in Siberia in hard labor for burying a cruel German manager alive in the ground. Native village S. was in the wilderness. Therefore, the peasants lived in it relatively freely: “The zemstvo police did not come to us for a year.” But they resignedly endured the atrocities of their landowner. It is in patience, according to the author, that the heroism of the Russian people lies, but there is a limit to this patience. S. was sentenced to 20 years, and after an escape attempt, another 20 were added. But all this did not break the Russian hero. He believed that “Branded, but not a slave!” Returning home and living with his son’s family, S. behaved independently and independently: “He didn’t like families, he didn’t let them into his corner.” But S. treated his grandson’s wife, Matryona, and her son Demushka well. An accident made him responsible for the death of his beloved great-grandson (due to S. Demushka’s oversight, pigs killed him). In inconsolable grief, S. goes to repentance in a monastery, where he remains to pray for the entire destitute Russian people. At the end of his life, he pronounces a terrible sentence on the Russian peasantry: “There are three roads for men: Tavern, prison and penal servitude, And for women in Rus' there are three nooses... Climb into any one.”

With a huge gray mane,

Tea, twenty years uncut,

With a huge beard

Grandfather looked like a bear

Especially, like from the forest,

He bent over and went out.

Savely's life turned out to be very difficult; fate did not spoil him. In his old age, Savely lived with the family of his son, Matryona Timofeevna’s father-in-law. It is noteworthy that grandfather Savely does not like his family. Obviously, all members of the household do not have the best qualities, but the honest and sincere old man feels this very well. In his own family, Savely is called “branded, convict.” And he himself, not at all offended by this, says: “Branded, but not a slave.

It’s interesting to observe how Savely is not averse to making fun of his family members:

And they will annoy him greatly -

He jokes: “Look at this

Matchmakers are coming to us!” Unmarried

Cinderella - to the window:

But instead of matchmakers - beggars!

From a tin button

Grandfather sculpted a two-kopeck coin,

Tossed on the floor -

Father-in-law got caught!

Not drunk from the pub -

The beaten man trudged in!

“Oh, the share of Holy Russian

Homemade hero!

He's been bullied all his life.

Time will change its mind

About death - hellish torment

In the other world they are waiting.”

We did not rule the corvee,

We didn't pay rent

And so, when it comes to reason,

We'll send you once every three years.

In such circumstances, the character of young Savely was strengthened. No one put pressure on her, no one made her feel like a slave. Moreover, nature itself was on the side of the peasants:

There are dense forests all around,

There are swampy swamps all around,

No horse can come to us,

Can't go on foot!

When reading these lines, fairy-tale motifs come to mind, because in fairy tales and legends people were absolutely free, they were in charge of their own lives.

The old man talks about how the peasants dealt with bears:

We were only worried

Bears... yes with bears

We managed it easily.

With a knife and a spear

I myself am scarier than the elk,

Along protected paths

I go: “My forest!” - I scream.

Shalashnikov tore excellently,

And he received not so much great income:

Weak people gave up

And the strong for the patrimony

They stood well.

I also endured

He remained silent and thought:

“Whatever you do, son of a dog,

But you can’t knock out your whole soul,

Leave something behind!”

Old man Savely bitterly says that now there is practically no self-respect left in people. Now cowardice, animal fear for oneself and one’s well-being and lack of desire to fight prevail:

These were proud people!

And now give me a slap -

Police officer, landowner

They're taking their last penny!

And then came hard labor

To the Korezh peasant -

Threads ruined

Free life is over, now the peasants have fully felt all the hardships of a forced existence. Old man Savely speaks about people's long-suffering, explaining it by the courage and spiritual strength of people. Only truly strong and courageous people can be so patient as to endure such bullying, and so generous as not to forgive such an attitude towards themselves.

That's why we endured

That we are heroes.

This is Russian heroism.

Do you think, Matryonushka,

A man is not a hero"?

And his life is not a military one,

And death is not written for him

In battle - what a hero!

Nekrasov finds amazing comparisons when talking about people's patience and courage. He uses folk epic when talking about heroes:

Hands are twisted in chains,

Feet forged with iron,

Back...dense forests

We walked along it - we broke down.

What about the breasts? Elijah the prophet

It rattles and rolls around

On a chariot of fire...

The hero endures everything!

But, of course, the murder of the manager did not go unpunished:

Bui-city, There I learned to read and write,

So far they have decided on us.

The solution has been reached: hard labor

And whip first...

In 1866, the prologue of the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” was published. The great Russian poet Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov was one of the first to understand that the long-awaited abolition of serfdom did not improve the life of the peasants at all. The fact is that the peasants had to pay off the landowner, but they did not have the money for this. Therefore, Nikolai Alekseevich decides in his work not only to highlight the difficult, humiliated situation common people, but also show ways to solve the problem as he sees them.

One of the heroes of the poem is Savely, the Holy Russian hero.

He looks like an old man with a large untrimmed beard, looking like a bear. He was about a hundred years old. His fellow countrymen called him “branded, convict.” And he responded: “Branded, but not a slave!” The fact is that in their youth, as Savely recalls, they had a free life:

We did not rule the corvee,

We didn't pay rent

And so, when it comes to reason,

We'll send you once every three years.

But everything changed a few years later, when a German manager sent by the landowner Shalashnikov changed the order by cunning. As a result, the peasants fell into bondage, enduring backbreaking labor, corvée, quitrent, and even physical punishment. Savely says about this:

The German has a death grip:

Until he lets you go around the world,

Without leaving he sucks!

But it’s not for nothing that the Russian peasant in the person of grandfather Savely is called a hero:

That's why we endured

Yes, our axes

They lay there for the time being!

As a result, when the opportunity arose, the men, led by Savely, buried the German Vogel alive in a construction pit. For this, my grandfather was exiled to Siberia for hard labor. But he did not resign himself. Once he even ran away, but was caught and mercilessly beaten. Although Savely is already used to spanking. The main thing for him was not to break down morally, but to remain true to his convictions. Saveliy’s convictions consisted in the desire for a free life. It is no coincidence that his favorite word is “addai,” which was also loved by the seven wandering men, as well as the saying: “Unbearable is an abyss, endured is an abyss.”

With the image of Savelya, Nekrasov wants to show that the powerful force hidden in the Russian people is sleeping for the time being. One has only to wake her up, direct her to true path, and then the people themselves will win happiness.

Effective preparation for the Unified State Exam (all subjects) -