“Who lives well in Rus'.” The poem talks about how seven peasant men went to wander around Rus' to find at least one happy person. Ermil Girin is one of minor characters, a peasant whose story is told in the chapter called "The Happy Ones."

History of creation

Nekrasov wrote the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” over ten years, from 1866 to 1876, and possibly longer. The author spent a lot of time collecting material, and the first sketches could have been made as early as 1863. An excerpt of the poem first appeared in print in 1866, in the January issue of the literary magazine Sovremennik. At this point, Nekrasov had just finished working on the first part. The publication of finished materials lasted for four long years, and all this time Nekrasov was persecuted and attacked by censors.

In the 70s of the 19th century, Nekrasov resumed work on the poem and began writing a sequel. From 1872 to 1876, parts appeared entitled by the author “The Last One,” “Peasant Woman” and “Feast for the Whole World.” The author intended to continue working and stretch the poem into three or four more parts, but his health did not allow Nekrasov to carry out these plans. As a result, the author limited himself to trying to give a finished look to the last of the written parts of the poem and stopped there.

“Who lives well in Rus'”

Ermil Ilyich Girin is a simple peasant man, but a proud and determined man. The hero runs a mill, where he works honestly, without deceiving anyone. The peasants trust Girin, and the landowner treats the hero with respect. The surname “Girin” probably refers the reader to the physical and mental strength of the hero.

Girin is young, but smart and taught to read and write, thanks to which he served as a clerk in the office for five years. When it comes to choosing a mayor, the peasants unanimously choose Girin for this position. The hero remained in this post for seven years and proved himself fair and an honest man, earning the respect of the people.

The hero is well off for a peasant, but those around him value Girin not for his wealth, but for his kindness to people, his intelligence and truthfulness. When peasants turn to Girin for help, he invariably helps with advice or action, acting as a kind of people's intercessor. At the same time, the hero does not demand gratitude from people and refuses to accept payment for his own good deeds.

Girin does not appropriate someone else's property. One day the hero has an “extra ruble” left, with which Girin goes around everyone to return the money to the owner, but never finds the owner. At the same time, the hero himself is not naive and sees when another person is trying to play around and deceive, and does not buy the flattery.

Girin is conscientious and truthful, he is indignant towards peasants who “extort a penny” from other similar men, and judges those around him by the conscience. A heightened sense of justice does not allow Girin to let the guilty go or offend the right. The hero is also very self-critical and is ready to call himself a villain when he acts against his conscience.

There was only one case in which the hero betrayed his soul in Girin’s life. Girin “shielded” his own younger brother from the “recruit” (helped to avoid the army). The hero himself considers this act dishonest and suffers from the fact that he committed it, almost committing suicide as a result. Ultimately, the hero gives his own brother as a soldier, and the other peasant son returns home from the army.

Not feeling that his guilt has been atoned for, Girin resigns from the position of “burgist”, rents a mill and begins to work there. The hero works honestly and takes the grind according to his conscience. Girin believes that people are equal, and therefore releases the flour in order, without looking at who is in front of him - a poor man or a manager. The hero is respected in the area, so those who approach him honestly, regardless of status, adhere to the queue established by Girin.

Later, a certain merchant Altynnikov begins to “take over” the mill. They decide to sell the mill, and the lively Girin participates in the auction, which he wins. However, the hero does not have the money on hand that is needed to post bail. Love showed up here common people to Girin, because the peasants present at the bazaar collected a thousand rubles for Girin in just half an hour - a huge amount for those times.

The hero has everything he needs to be happy, but Girin harbors a grudge against those who tried to take the mill away from him. Resentment pushes the hero to give up happy fate and a quiet life and support the popular uprising that broke out in the patrimony. The hero refuses to pacify the peasants and eventually ends up in prison. Further biography Girina is unknown.

There are other notable characters in the poem, for example, Yakim Nagoy - the antipode of Girin. This is a man who drinks half to death with a sunken chest and a brown neck, the hero’s skin looks like tree bark, and his face looks like a brick. Nekrasov portrays an exhausted man whose drunkenness and exhausting work have deprived him of health and strength.

Yakim drinks because he finds nothing good in life. The hero once lived in St. Petersburg, but went broke, ended up in prison and was forced to return to the village, where Yakim had no alternatives except the exhausting work of a plowman. The image of Yakim embodies the tragic side of the peasant way of life.

The image of a “governor” and a “good-witted” woman, about whom those around her think that her life is fun and at ease, is also interesting. The heroine herself has a different opinion and believes that “the keys to women’s happiness” have been lost in Rus'.

The image of a priest’s son and poet, who dreams of raising the common people from their knees, is also vivid. Grisha grew up in extreme poverty and almost died of hunger, so the meaning own life sees in serving the peasants and in alleviating the plight of the common people, whose life is full of troubles and hardships.

Quotes

“The man is a bull: he’ll get in trouble

What a whim in the head -

Stake her from there

You can’t knock them out: they resist,

Everyone stands their ground!”

"He works himself to death,

He drinks until he's half dead."

"A crowd without red girls,

What is rye without cornflowers?

“I was so young, I was waiting for the best,

Yes, it always happened like this

The best has come to an end

Nothing or trouble."

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The literature of the 50-60s was marked by an active interest in folklore motives"folk theme" The works of Nekrasov, who often “visited Russian huts” and knew a lot about the life of peasants first-hand, were no exception.

In the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus',” a wide panorama of peasant life with all its troubles and difficulties opens up to the reader.

All the characters in this work are different difficult fate and unusual life situations. One of these characters is Ermila Girin.

Ermila's life story

Seven men continue their search for a happy man in Rus'. While at the holiday, they ask people, and soon the peasant Fedosei from the village of Dymoglotovo tells them that they need to ask Ermila Girin, if this person cannot call himself happy, then they don’t have to ask anyone else at the holiday.

Girin was a simple man, but rather strange - he had too much honesty and selflessness, and this always surprised. In his youth he was a clerk in an office. Yermila performed his duties well, always helped the peasants whenever possible and did not take anything for his help:

However, for the peasant
And the clerk is a man.
You approach him first,
And he will advise
And he will make inquiries;
Where there is enough strength, it will help out.

The attitude of ordinary people towards Ermila

Over the course of five years, the peasants became attached to young man. However, soon the chief manager did not like such a merciful attitude towards ordinary people on the part of the clerk, and he took another person instead of Girin.

A little time passed and the old landowner died. The young man did not keep either the manager, his secretary, or the office. He ordered the people to choose a mayor for themselves. By general vote it was determined that such a person would be Ermilo Girin. The young man performed this service no less efficiently. After some time, it was the turn of Girin’s younger brother Mitri to join the recruits. Ermila took advantage of his position and sent the son of fellow villager Vlasyevna instead of his brother. However, he soon repented of his action and even wanted to hang himself because of this incident, but everyone unanimously dissuaded him. Vlasyevna’s son was returned home, and Ermila’s brother was sent to the army. The prince personally made sure that the service of the younger Girin was not difficult. Yermila could not forgive himself for such an act. He decided to buy himself a mill and retire from public affairs.

Things didn't look good with the mill in the best possible way: There were two main buyers for the mill, he - Girin - and the merchant Altynnikov. Without warning, auctions were announced and Yermila won them, but he did not have money with him to pay, so Yermila asked for a delay of half an hour and went to the market square. There he asked people to help him out and thus collected the required amount. A week later, Yermila returned to the same square with money and gave it to the people. However, he only had one ruble left - no one came for it. Girin walked for a long time and looked for the owner, but, not finding it, he gave the ruble to the blind people asking for mercy.

He had everything he needed
For happiness: and peace of mind,
And money and honor,
An enviable, true honor,
Not bought with money,
Not with fear: with strict truth,
With intelligence and kindness!

Personality characteristics

Ermila Girin with youth was distinguished by intelligence and prudence. He was an educated man, as he served in the office. At the same time, Girin’s selflessness also manifests itself - he often helps ordinary people with advice, tells them how best to act in order to better and faster deal with the issues that have arisen. Ermila did not ask for any remuneration for his services, and did not even take anything in the case when they offered him:

Doesn't ask for gratitude
And if you give it, he won’t take it!
During the five years of his work as a secretary, people were able to discern a good person in Girin, therefore, when it was necessary to choose a mayor, everyone unanimously decided that such a person should be Ermila - although he is still young, no one can handle the responsibilities better than him:
We shout: - Ermila Girina! -
How one man is!
The man is agile, competent,
I’ll say one thing: isn’t he young?..”
And we: - There is no need, father,
And young, and smart!

Ermila is an honest and decent person, he always acts according to his conscience, and never once “behaved.” He served as mayor for seven years and no one made any complaints about his work. After the incident with the army, Yermila cannot calm down - his conscience torments him for such a dishonorable act.

The image of Yermil Girin in Nekrasov’s poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” is one of the most colorful, since in this character the author embodied his vision of the best traits in the Russian people: honesty, directness, selflessness and love of truth. At the same time, Nekrasov described his hero very plausibly, putting the story about him into the mouths of peasants who tell wanderers about him. It is not for nothing that the poet conveys the story about him to strangers, thus trying to emphasize the veracity of the story.

General characteristics

The image of Yermil Girin is very symbolic in philosophical sense. The whole essence of the poem lies in the search of seven wanderers for a happy man in Rus'. And in the chapter “Happy,” the author, through the mouths of the common people, talks about people who, in the opinion of the peasants, by their moral and moral qualities deserve to be known to everyone. But before talking about the heroes, it is necessary to note some facts about the creation and writing of the poem. Nekrasov began to write his, perhaps, most famous work in the first half of the 1860s, although he may have begun sketching earlier. The creation of the text and its publication lasted for several years and continued until the death of the author. At first he wanted to write eight parts, but due to illness he reduced the number of parts, and the final version included four parts.

Peculiarities

The image of Ermil Girin embodies general plan author - creating a wide panorama folk life in Rus'. In a conventionally fairy-tale form, Nekrasov narrates the journey of seven wanderers who are looking throughout the country for a truly happy person. Characteristic feature of this work is that it has become a real epic canvas of the people's life of Rus'. The poet tried to cover the main spheres of social and social life, show layers of the population and for this purpose chooses representatives of various social strata, each of which presents its own story to the wanderers and tells about its disasters and problems. It was not without reason that the author followed this path, since it was in this way that the narrative received particular persuasiveness and truthfulness. He himself, as it were, deliberately distanced himself from the narrative and acts only as an observer, leaving his characters to talk about themselves.

Heroes

The images of Yakim Nagogo and Ermil Girin occupy one of the central places in the narrative for several reasons. Firstly, this ordinary people from the people, ordinary peasants. Secondly, they are mentioned in the chapter “Happy”, which immediately distinguishes them from other characters, since the title of the chapter suggests that they are the ones the wanderers are looking for during their journey through Rus'. Thirdly, they do not talk about themselves, but the reader learns about them from the words of the village residents who knew them well. Thus, the author follows folk tradition, according to which rumors about good and good person spreads throughout the entire earth, the whole world learns about him and his life becomes known to many people.

Characters

The image of Yermil Girin is distinguished by the greater truthfulness and expressiveness that wanderers all over the world are told about him. What features do peasants highlight when characterizing him? First of all, truthfulness: Ermil - honest man, who never used his position for his own benefit. Working as a clerk, he always helped the peasants, did not take bribes, and acted in their interests. For this, everyone in the village loved and respected him, and elected him mayor.

When he urgently needed money to buy back the mill, he turned to all the people for help, and everyone present at the fair helped him: everyone, even people he didn’t know, gave money to buy back the mill. It is in this episode that, perhaps, the image of Yermil Girin is most clearly revealed. Briefly about him in connection with this episode, the following can be said: he is a truly people's man in spirit, and therefore the peasants help him all over the world. And only once did he abuse his power: he sent the son of a poor peasant woman as a recruit instead of his brother. However, being by nature a conscientious and truthful person, he repented of his actions, resigned from his position, and repented before all the people. So, the image of Ermila Girin, which is briefly described in this section, is one of the most striking in the poem.

Yakim Nagoy is also a simple peasant, whose whole life is spent in difficult physical labor. He drinks a lot, and at first glance it seems that he is a goner. However, Yakim is a man with wealth inner world. He has a sense of beauty: so, he buys beautiful pictures, who became his only consolation, so during a fire he saves them. So, in his poem, Nekrasov convincingly showed the images of simple peasants, each of which is touching and sympathetic to the reader.

In Nikolai Alekseevich's poem "" the reader gets acquainted with in different ways, which are gradually revealed by the text of the work. On the way of the seven wanderers they meet all sorts of people - landowners, priests, and simple peasants. It was the images of peasants that Nekrasov paid the greatest attention to.

Everyone knows Ermila Girin, whom those around him called a happy man. That is why the wanderers went in search of this character.

Ermila is a respected person. He maintains the mill, never deceiving the peasants. Thanks to this, Girin has the trust of others. An incident in the city during the purchase of an orphan mill is a clear confirmation of this. Ermila didn’t have any money with her, but she had to buy the mill. He turned to the people for help and was able to collect the required amount. And a week later he distributed the debts he had taken and left no one in harm’s way.

How could a simple man, a peasant, earn such authority, such trust among those around him? He was a clerk and helped all the untrained and illiterate. And he didn’t take much for his help. So he became famous in the area.

However, Girin could not call himself happy, because he had once set up young guy and sent him to military service instead of his brother. Such an act, like a noose around her neck, does not give Ermila a quiet life. He exposes his sin for all to see and tells the story to the peasants. However, despite this, they still continue to believe Girin.

I think that Nikolai Nekrasov was trying to say that in his own life path we always make mistakes. However, it is very important to justify them with subsequent good and good deeds. Seven wanderers set off further in search of the happiest man. Ermila, of course, is good, however, he is far from the happiest.

A broad picture of life, populated by different types of characters, in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'?” outstanding Russian writer N.A. Nevrasova. Characteristics of the image of a prosperous peasant Ermila Girin. Useful deeds of the hero, his mistakes and achievements.

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The image of Yermil Girin (based on the poem by N.A. Nekrasov “Who Lives Well in Rus'”)

Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov, creating in the poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'” a broad picture of life, populates it with various types of characters: these are wandering men looking for happiness, priests and landowners who come across their path, and most of all, of course, peasants , poor and quite prosperous, like Ermila Girin Our wanderers go in fruitless searches until they are advised to find Ermila Girin:

“And you, my dear friends.

Ask Ermila Girin."

According to those who know him, Yermil is a happy person. He is valued by those around him, respected by the landowner,

Girin is engaged in useful work - he maintains a mill at which he works, without deceiving the peasants. He enjoys special trust from people.

An example of this is the collection of money for the orphan mill. Yermil arrived in the city without money, and the mill was being sold; before he had time to go for the money, the mill would go to the merchant Altynnikov.

It won't be good for anyone here. Yermil addresses the people (luckily it was Sunday):

The merchant Altynnikov is rich,

And everything cannot resist him

Against the world's treasury.

"If you know Ermila,

If you believe Yermil.

So help me out!"

Like the wind blows half left

Suddenly it started spinning.

People united in one impulse to do a good deed. They believe that their money will not only not be lost, but will also have time to do a just deed. A week later, as promised, Yermil pays off his debts. No one took too much, and there was also a ruble left, and Girin waited for its owner all day:

Yermil walked around, asking questions.

Whose ruble, but I couldn’t find it.

How did a simple peasant manage to gain authority among people? And Yermil was a clerk, he helped illiterate people without fleecing them. For this, he gained respect from the “world.” Why didn’t the wanderers consider him happy? Yermil made a mistake, unable to withstand the test of power. He sent a widow’s son as a soldier out of turn instead of his brother. Our hero repents of his deeds, does not want to live as a sinner, but late. People respect him, appreciate him, but remember this act. Girin cannot be considered happy, since Yermil himself did not want to live after this. He blames himself before the peasants:

I judged you according to my conscience.

Now I myself am the most sinful of all.

Judge me!

Despite all this, the people still believe in Girin, who stumbled but repented. Life is always more complex and richer than literature. And Nekrasov was able to show this in his poem “Who Lives Well in Rus'.”

Nekrasov Ermila Girin poem

A person cannot go through life without making a mistake, but good deeds and helping people are remembered and appreciated, which is why there is good word of mouth about Girin.

Starting from the chapter “Happy”, a turn is planned in the direction of the search for a happy person. By own initiative“lucky ones” from the lower classes begin to approach the wanderers. Most of them are very tempted to take a sip of free wine. But the very fact of their appearance is significant in the epic. The attention of the seven wanderers is increasingly captured by the polyphonic people's Rus'. There are confessional stories from courtyard people, clergy, soldiers, stonemasons, and hunters. The entire peasant kingdom is involved in a dialogue, in a dispute about happiness. Of course, these “lucky ones” are such that the wanderers, seeing the empty bucket, exclaim with bitter irony:

Hey, man's happiness!

Leaky with patches,

Humpbacked with calluses,

Go home!

But at the end of the chapter there is a story about happy man, moving the action of the epic forward, marking more high level popular ideas about happiness. Yermil - “not a prince, not an illustrious count, but just a man!” But in terms of his character and influence on peasant life, he is stronger and more authoritative than anyone. His strength lies in the trust of the people's world and in Yermil Girin's support for this world. The heroism of the people is poeticized when they act together. The story about Ermil begins with a description of the hero’s litigation with the merchant Altynnikov over the orphan mill. When at the end of the bargaining “things turned out to be rubbish” - there was no money with Yermil - he turned to the people for support:

And a miracle happened -

Throughout the market square

Every peasant has

Like the wind, half left

Suddenly it turned upside down!

This is the first time in the poem when folk world with one impulse, with one unanimous effort, he wins victory over untruth:

Cunning, strong clerks,

And their world is stronger,

The merchant Altynnikov is rich,

And everything cannot resist him

Against the world's treasury.

Like Yakim, Yermil is endowed keen sense Christian conscience and honor. Only once did he stumble: he excluded “his younger brother Mitri from recruiting.” But this act cost the righteous man severe torment and ended with nationwide repentance, which further strengthened his authority. Ermil's conscientiousness is not exceptional: it is an expression of the most characteristic features the peasant world as a whole. Let us remember how Yermil paid off the peasants for their worldly debt, collected in the market square:

An extra ruble, whose - God knows!

Stayed with him.

All day with my money open

Yermil walked around, asking questions,

Whose ruble? I didn’t find it.

Throughout his life, Yermil refutes the initial ideas of wanderers about the essence of human happiness. It would seem that he has “everything that is needed for happiness: peace of mind, money, and honor.” But at a critical moment in his life, Yermil sacrifices this “happiness” for the sake of the people’s truth and ends up in prison.

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