Revolutionary movements 1905 1907. Main events of the first Russian revolution

The reason for the first Russian revolution (1905-1907) was the aggravation of the internal political situation. Social tension was provoked by the remnants of serfdom, the preservation of landownership, the lack of freedoms, the agrarian overpopulation of the center, the national question, the rapid growth of capitalism, and the unresolved peasant and worker question. Defeat and economic crisis of 1900-1908. made the situation worse.

In 1904, liberals proposed introducing a constitution in Russia, limiting autocracy by convening popular representation. did public statement about disagreement with the introduction of the constitution. The impetus for the start of revolutionary events was the strike of workers at the Putilov plant in St. Petersburg. The strikers put forward economic and political demands.

A peaceful march to the Winter Palace was scheduled for January 9, 1905 with the aim of submitting a petition addressed to the Tsar, which contained demands for democratic changes in Russia. This date is associated with the first stage of the revolution. The demonstrators, led by priest G. Gapon, were met by troops, and fire was opened on the participants in the peaceful procession. The cavalry took part in dispersing the procession. As a result, about 1 thousand people were killed and about 2 thousand were injured. This day was named. The senseless and brutal massacre strengthened revolutionary sentiments in the country.

In April 1905, the 3rd congress of the left wing of the RSDLP took place in London. Issues were resolved about the nature of the revolution, the armed uprising, the Provisional Government, and the attitude towards the peasantry.

The right wing - the Mensheviks, who met at a separate conference - defined the revolution as bourgeois in character and driving forces. The task was set of transferring power into the hands of the bourgeoisie and creating a parliamentary republic.

The strike (general strike of textile workers) in Ivano-Frankovsk, which began on May 12, 1905, lasted more than two months and attracted 70 thousand participants. Both economic and political demands were made; The Council of Authorized Deputies was created.

The workers' demands were partially satisfied. On October 6, 1905, a strike began in Moscow on Kazanskaya railway, which became all-Russian on October 15. Demands for democratic freedoms and an eight-hour working day were put forward.

On October 17, Nicholas II signed, which proclaimed political freedoms and promised freedom of elections to the State Duma. Thus began the second stage of the revolution - the period of highest growth.

In June, an uprising began on the battleship of the Black Sea flotilla "Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky". It was held under the slogan “Down with autocracy!” However, this uprising was not supported by the crews of other ships of the squadron. "Potemkin" was forced to go into the waters of Romania and surrender there.

In July 1905, at the direction of Nicholas II, a legislative advisory body was established - State Duma- and a regulation on elections was developed. Workers, women, military personnel, students and youth were not given the right to participate in elections.

On November 11-16, there was an uprising of sailors in Sevastopol and on the cruiser "Ochakov", led by Lieutenant P.P. Schmidt. The uprising was suppressed, Schmidt and three sailors were shot, more than 300 people were convicted or exiled to hard labor and settlements.

Under the influence of the Socialist Revolutionaries and liberals, the All-Russian Peasant Union was organized in August 1905, advocating peaceful methods of struggle. However, by the fall, the members of the union announced their joining the Russian Revolution of 1905-1907. The peasants demanded the division of the landowners' lands.

On December 7, 1905, the Moscow Soviet called for a political strike, which developed into an uprising led by. The government transferred troops from St. Petersburg. The fighting took place on the barricades; the last pockets of resistance were suppressed in the Krasnaya Presnya area on December 19. The organizers and participants of the uprising were arrested and convicted. The same fate befell uprisings in other regions of Russia.

The reasons for the decline of the revolution (third stage) were the brutal suppression of the uprising in Moscow and the people’s faith that the Duma was able to solve their problems.

In April 1906, the first elections to the Duma were held, as a result of which two parties entered it: constitutional democrats and socialist revolutionaries, who advocated the transfer of landowners' lands to peasants and the state. This Duma did not suit the Tsar, and in July 1906 it ceased to exist.

In the summer of the same year, the uprising of sailors in Sveaborg and Kronstadt was suppressed. On November 9, 1906, with the participation of the Prime Minister, a decree was created on the abolition of redemption payments for land.

In February 1907, the second elections to the Duma took place. Subsequently, its candidates, in the opinion of the tsar, turned out to be even more “revolutionary” than the previous ones, and he not only dissolved the Duma, but also created an electoral law reducing the number of deputies from among the workers and peasants, thereby carrying out a coup d'etat that put an end to the revolution.

The reasons for the defeat of the revolution include the lack of unity of goals between the actions of workers and peasants in organizational issues, the absence of a single political leader of the revolution, as well as the lack of assistance to the people from the army.

The first Russian revolution of 1905-1907. is defined as bourgeois-democratic, since the tasks of the revolution are the overthrow of the autocracy, the elimination of landownership, the destruction of the class system, and the establishment of a democratic republic.

Prerequisites for the revolution and crisis of 1901-1904.– there was a contradiction between the development of the country, including economic, and the remnants of:

In the political system ( autocracy)

Social structure ( class system),

Socio-economic (unresolved agricultural and labor issues) and other areas.

-Nationwide socio-political crisis in all its manifestations, which unfolded in the first years of the 20th century.

Unsuccessful Russo-Japanese War.

-Labor movement:

---January 3 on Putilov plant A strike broke out, joined by workers from other enterprises. The organizers of the strike were Meeting of Russian factory workers in St. Petersburg, created on the model of the Zubatov Workers' Societies and led by a priest Grigory Gapon. The delegation with the petition was arrested.

---January 9 (Bloody Sunday) The 140,000-strong procession of workers with banners, led by Gapon, was stopped at the approaches to the Winter Palace. The authorities organized a merciless and senseless execution of the demonstrators. The workers were supported students and employees who took part in the demonstrations small entrepreneurs. Made protests in the press and at rallies intelligentsia. The movement was supported by zemstvos. Everyone demanded an introduction people's representation.

Peasant movement unfolded a little later. Uprisings took place in every sixth county European Russia. The main demand of the peasant revolution was division of landowners' land. At this stage, Nicholas II limited himself to a rescript addressed to the new Minister of Internal Affairs A.G. Bulygina about project preparation Legislative Duma.

The second revolutionary wave – April-August 1905 In the spring and summer, the strike movement developed with renewed vigor. The most outstanding strike of this period of the revolution - strike of textile workers in Ivanovo-Voznesensk May 12-July 26. The workers formed Meeting of elected deputies. Achieved a promotion wages and meeting a number of other economic requirements. In July-August it formed All-Russian Peasant Union(vks). The VKS demanded the convening of a Constituent Assembly. Began movements in the army and navy. The uprising had a huge resonance Black Sea battleships Prince Potemkin-Tavrichesky and St. George the Victorious, who raised red flags in June. The third revolutionary wave.

September-December 1905 – March 1906 The most massive the revolution was All-Russian October political strike(October 6-25), started by Moscow railway workers. 2 million people took part in the strike. The greatest activity workers showed during December armed uprising in Moscow. Strike of 100 thousand workers. Depressed.

Peasant movement swept across the country in a wide wave of riots. The All-Russian Peasant Union, which had grown to 200 thousand members, at the Second Congress (November 1905) called for a general agrarian strike, boycott of landowners and refusal of rent and labor. The congress decided to fight for the confiscation of landowners' lands with certain compensation. Under the influence of the October strike and the struggle of the peasants, 89 unrest and uprisings occurred in the army.

Manifesto of October 17, written S.Yu. Witte, where Nicholas II granted freedom of speech, press, assembly, unions and, most importantly, the legislative Duma. The implementation of this promise has been delayed. Concessions were also made to the peasants: on November 3, redemption payments were canceled from 1907 and the volume of payments for 1906 was halved. This meant that the land was finally becoming property peasant communities. In addition, the Peasant Bank was allowed to issue loans for the purchase of land secured by peasant plots, which meant the possibility of their alienation. But in contrast to the elected Duma and the popular movement, it strengthened executive branch- in October Council of Ministers was transformed into a permanent government led by prime minister, to whom Witte was appointed. At the same time, the government continued repression against the protests of workers and peasants, somewhat weakened in the fall.

Neo-populists. Socialist Revolutionary Party actively supported the workers' and peasants' movement. At the same time, the Socialist Revolutionaries did not consider the revolution that had begun either capitalist, since capitalism in Russia, in their opinion, was still weak, nor socialist, but only an intermediate one - social, caused by the land crisis. Such a revolution, according to the neo-populists, should have led to the socialization of the land and the transfer of power to the bourgeoisie.

Social Democrats recognized the revolution as bourgeois-democratic. They came into contact with G. Gapon, who agreed to include the demands of a social democratic minimum program in their petition. The Social Democrats launched agitation and propaganda and began publishing the first legal newspapers ( New life), tried to lead strikes. Workers associated with the party began a strike that escalated into General political in October 1905

Liberal organizations came out in support of the striking workers of St. Petersburg and other cities. Magazine circulation increased Liberation, an underground printing house was created in St. Petersburg. III Congress Liberation Union(March) adopted a program containing demands for the convening of a Constituent Assembly, the introduction of an 8-hour working day, and the alienation of landowners' lands. The task was set to unite all left and democratic forces. Constitutional Democratic Party - leaders P.N. Miliukov, P.D. Dolgorukov, S.A. Muromtsev(October 1905), which had a left-liberal orientation, and the Right-Liberal Party Union of October 17 - leaders of A.I. Guchkov, D.N. Shipov(November 1905).

Reasons for the defeat of the revolution:

Workers, peasants, intellectuals and other revolutionary strata spoke out not active enough to overthrow the autocracy. Movements of various driving forces the revolution was disjointed.

-Army, despite 437 (including 106 armed) anti-government protests by soldiers and sailors in general remained on the side of the tsarist regime.

-Liberal movement and the social strata on which it relied, after the Manifesto of October 17 fed illusions about the possibility of achieving their goals peacefully, including parliamentary, means and acted together with the workers and peasants only until the autumn of 1905.

Has taken on insufficient scope national liberation movement. Autocracy still saved safety margin.

In general, social, political contradictions have not intensified enough to lead to a nationwide uprising.

The nature of the revolution can be defined as:

-Bourgeois, since the goal was elimination of remnants of feudalism in the political and socio-economic spheres and the establishment bourgeois social order;

-Democratic, since the revolution was a movement broad masses, who, moreover, fought for the establishment democratic order;

-Agrarian, in connection with the central issue, the primacy of which was realized by all political forces in the country. In 1905-1907 26 thousand peasant unrest occurred in the country, over 2 thousand landowners' estates were burned and looted.

Results:

- The autocracy was not overthrown, but the revolutionary masses achieved significant results.

Brought relief peasants who stopped making redemption payments and received the right to leave the community. Semi-feudal methods of exploitation of peasants were somewhat reduced.

Class restrictions for peasants have been reduced. Agrarian reform began.

-Workers received (at least legally) the right to create trade unions, conduct economic strikes, their wages increased, and their working hours were reduced.

Implementation of some civil liberties, pre-censorship was abolished.

Mainsocio-political conquests The revolution became a bicameral parliament (but elected on the basis of an undemocratic law), which limited the power of the emperor and basic state laws, which the monarch had to obey, who did not have the right to change them without the consent of parliament.

Gthe main issues of the revolution were not resolved just as the broad masses demanded. The social system and government structure were not radically changed. The classes and factions that previously ruled remained in power

During the revolution, in 1906, Konstantin Balmont wrote the poem “Our Tsar”, dedicated to Nicholas II, which turned out to be prophetic:

Our king is Mukden, our king is Tsushima,

Our king is a bloody stain,

The stench of gunpowder and smoke,

In which the mind is dark.

Our king is a blind misery,

Prison and whip, trial, execution,

The king is a hanged man, so half as low,

What he promised, but didn’t dare give.

He is a coward, he feels with hesitation,

But it will happen, the hour of reckoning awaits.

Who began to reign - Khodynka,

He will end up standing on the scaffold.

35.Duma period in the history of Russia. Stolypin agrarian reform and its results.

The prerequisites for the revolution took decades to form, but when capitalism in Russia moved to its highest stage (imperialism), social contradictions escalated to the limit, culminating in the events of the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907.

Causes of the first Russian revolution

At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Russian economy began to experience a noticeable decline. This resulted in increased government debts, which led to the disorder money circulation. The poor harvest also added fuel to the fire. All these circumstances showed the need to modernize existing authorities.

After the abolition of serfdom, representatives of the largest class received freedom. Integration into existing realities required the emergence of new ones. social institutions, which were never created. Political reason there was also the absolute power of the emperor, who was considered incapable of ruling the country alone.

The Russian peasantry gradually accumulated discontent due to the constant reduction of land plots, which justified their demands for the provision of land plots from the authorities.

Dissatisfaction with the authorities grew after military failures and defeat in the Russo-Japanese War, and the low standard of living of the Russian proletariat and peasantry was expressed in dissatisfaction with the small number of civil liberties. In Russia by 1905 there was no freedom of speech, press, personal inviolability and equality of everyone before the laws.

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Russia had a multinational and multi-religious composition, however, the rights of many small nations were infringed upon, which caused periodic popular unrest.

Difficult working conditions in plants and factories caused discontent among the proletariat.

Progress of the revolution

Historians divide the First Russian Revolution into three stages, which are reflected in the table:

The peculiarity of the revolution was its bourgeois-democratic character. This is reflected in its goals and objectives, which included limiting autocracy and the final destruction of serfdom.
The tasks of the revolution also included:

• Creation democratic foundations - political parties, freedom of speech, press, etc.;
• reduction of the working day to 8 hours;
• establishing equal rights for the peoples of Russia.

These demands covered not just one class, but the entire population Russian Empire.

First stage

On January 3, 1905, workers at the Putilov plant started a strike due to the dismissal of several workers, which was supported by large factories in St. Petersburg. The strike was led by the “Meeting of Russian Factory Workers of the City of St. Petersburg,” headed by priest Gapon. IN short time a petition was drawn up, which they decided to hand over personally to the emperor.
It consisted of five points:

• The release of all those who suffered for strikes, religious or political beliefs.
• Declaration of freedom of the press, assembly, speech, conscience, religion and personal integrity.
• Equality of all before the law.
• Compulsory free education for all citizens.
• Responsibility of ministers to the people.

On January 9, a procession was organized to the Winter Palace. Probably, the procession of the 140,000-strong crowd was perceived as revolutionary, and the ensuing provocation prompted the tsarist troops to open fire on the demonstrators. This event went down in history as “Bloody Sunday.”

Rice. 1. Bloody Sunday.

On March 19, Nicholas II spoke to the proletariat. The Tsar noted that he would grant forgiveness to the protesters. However, they themselves are to blame for the execution and if such demonstrations are repeated, the executions will be repeated.

From February to March, a chain of peasant riots began, occupying approximately 15-20% of the country's territory, which began to be accompanied by unrest in the army and navy.

An important episode of the revolution was the mutiny on the cruiser Prince Potemkin Tauride on June 14, 1905. In 1925, director S. Ezeinstein made the film “Battleship Potemkin” about this event.

Rice. 2. Film.

Second stage

On September 19, the Moscow press put forward demands for economic changes, which were supported by factories and railway workers. As a result, the largest strike began in Russia, which lasted until 1907. More than 2 million people took part in it. Councils of Workers' Deputies began to form in cities. The wave of protests was picked up by banks, pharmacies, and shops. For the first time, the slogan “Down with autocracy” and “Long live the republic” was heard.

April 27, 1906 is considered the date of the beginning of parliamentarism. Satisfying the demands of the people, the first work in Russian history State Duma.

Third stage

Unable to stop and overcome revolutionary activity, Nicholas II could only accept the demands of the protesters.

Rice. 3. Portrait of Nicholas II.

On April 23, 1906, the main set of laws of the Russian Empire was compiled, which was amended in accordance with revolutionary demands.

On November 9, 1906, the Emperor signed a decree allowing peasants to receive land for personal use after leaving the community.

June 3, 1907 is the date of completion of the revolution. Nicholas II hung up a manifesto on the dissolution of the Duma and the adoption of a new law on elections to the State Duma.

The results of the revolution can be called intermediate. There have been no global changes in the country. In addition to reform political system, the remaining issues were not resolved. Historical significance This revolution was that it became a dress rehearsal for another, more powerful revolution.

What have we learned?

Speaking briefly about the First Russian Revolution in an article on history (grade 11), it should be noted that it showed all the shortcomings and mistakes of the tsarist rule and gave a chance to solve them. But for 10 years, most of the unresolved issues remained hanging in the air, which led to February 1917.

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The first Russian revolution - time period from January 22, 1905 to July 16, 1907 More than 2 million people took part, of whom about 9,000 died. The result of the revolution was a reduction in the working day, the introduction of democratic freedoms and the resolution of moderate opposition.

The beginning of the 20th century for the Russian Empire turned out to be a series of severe trials that determined its political appearance. Two key events played an important role in the strategy of historical development: the Russian-Japanese War of 1904-1905 and the First Russian Revolution of 1905-1907. V. Lenin and I. Stalin addressed the events of this time more than once in their works.

The emergence of discontent among educated residents of Russia began to arise long before 1905. The intelligentsia gradually realized that in all spheres of society there were problems that the state did not want to solve.

Table of prerequisites for revolution

Causes of the first Russian revolution

The main reasons include:

• Low standard of living of the people;
• Social vulnerability of citizens;
• Untimely implementation of reforms (usually with great delay) by government bodies;
• The rise of the labor movement, the activation of radical intelligentsia in the early 1900s;
• The defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904, associated primarily with the mistakes of the commanding leadership and the technical superiority of the enemy.

The military defeat of Russia by Japanese troops finally undermined the people's faith in the strength of the army, the professionalism of the commanders-in-chief, and also significantly reduced the authority of state power.

Beginning of the 1905 revolution

The reason for the uprising was mass shooting peaceful citizens who went to the sovereign to demand compliance with their civil rights and freedom. This day, January 22, went down in history under the name Bloody Sunday. The reason people came out to demonstrate was the dismissal of 4 employees of the Kirov plant for their disagreement with state policy.

Main events of the first Russian revolution.

• January 9, 1905 - Bloody Sunday, execution of peaceful demonstrators.
• June 14, 1905 - the uprising on the battleship Potemkin was suppressed.
• October 1905 – All-Russian October political strike, signing of the “Manifesto of Freedoms” by the Tsar.
• December 1905 - armed uprising in Moscow, culmination.
• April 27, 1906 - opening of a new government body - the State Duma, the birth of parliament in Russia
• June 3, 1907 – dissolution of the State Duma. The revolution ended in defeat.

Participants of the revolution

Radical actions were simultaneously prepared by participants in three socio-political camps:

• Supporters of autocracy. These people knew the need for reforms, but without overthrowing the current government. This included representatives of the highest social strata, landowners, military personnel, and police officers.
• Liberals who wanted to limit royal power peacefully without destroying it. These were the liberal bourgeoisie and intelligentsia, peasants, and office workers.
• Democratic revolutionaries. They, as the party most affected by the economic crisis, actively advocated for indigenous changes in state system . It was in their interests to overthrow the monarchy. This camp includes peasants, workers and the petty bourgeoisie.

Stages of the 1905 revolution

When analyzing these events, historians identify several stages in the development of the conflict. Each of them was accompanied important points, determining the direction further actions both from the revolutionaries and from the authorities.

• The first stage (January - September 1905) was distinguished by the scale of the strikes. Strikes took place throughout the country, which prompted the authorities to take immediate action. The outcome was also influenced by the mass protests of the army and navy in 1905.
• The culmination of the events of 1905 was the December armed uprising in Moscow - the bloodiest and most numerous during the entire conflict. This marks the second stage: October – December. The Emperor created the first manifesto of the revolution - “On the establishment of a legislative body - the State Duma,” which did not give the right to vote to the majority of the population, and therefore was not approved by the revolutionaries. It was soon followed by a second manifesto, to the delight of political forces, “On the abolition of the unlimited monarchy in Russia.”
• The third stage (January 1906 – June 1907) saw a decline and retreat of the protesters.

The nature of the revolution

The rebellion was bourgeois-democratic in nature. Its participants advocated the establishment in Russia of those political, economic, social rights and freedoms that had long been established in Europe and hampered the development of the country.

Goals of the task and demands of the revolution:

• The overthrow of monarchism and the establishment of parliamentarism in Russia;
• Improving working conditions for workers;
• Return of lands lost due to industrialization to the peasant population;
• Promoting equality among all segments of the population

Political parties in the first Russian revolution

The driving forces of the rebellion were the Socialist Revolutionaries and liberals. The first belonged to the Socialist Revolutionary Party and advocated an aggressive and radical change in the existing system. This party was distinguished by the largest number. This included workers, peasants and the youngest representatives of the resistance to the authorities - students.

The Liberal Party and the Constitutional Democratic Party (Cadets) differed in the level of education of their members. This included the most famous scientists and academicians, such as Vernandsky, Miliukov, Muromtsev and others. Liberals advocated changing the constitutional system.

The views of representatives of the RSDLP were divided into two opposing camps: Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. They were united by the desire to organize an armed uprising.

Chronology of revolutionary actions

• January 1905 – beginning
• June-October 1905 – uprisings and strikes throughout the country
• 1906 - decline of the revolution
• June 3, 1907 - suppression by authorities

Consequences of the first Russian revolution

The revolutionaries achieved the fulfillment of some of their demands. Working conditions were improved, autocracy was undermined, and democratic rights began to gradually be introduced into public life.

The meaning of revolution

The bourgeois revolution in Russia was a shock to the world community. It generated great resonance within the country. Peasants and workers realized what influence they could have on the authorities and political life countries. There was a huge change in worldview - the people were shown life without autocracy.

Peculiarities

This is the first nationwide event in Russia directed against the established system. At the first stages, it was characterized by cruelty - the authorities fought the protesters with particular zeal, shooting even peaceful demonstrations. Basic driving force workers became part of the revolution.

The power that was in the hands of one emperor ceased to suit a multimillion-dollar empire. Discontent generated by many problems, both political and social spheres, grew into a revolution. Unrest grew. The monarch could no longer cope with the situation. He had to make a compromise, which became the beginning of the end of the empire.

Internal preconditions of the revolution

Residents of the huge state were dissatisfied with their living and working conditions on many issues. Revolution 1905-1907 covered all classes of Russia. What exactly could unite people from different social groups and ages?

1. Peasants had almost no rights. Despite the fact that this group of the population made up the majority of the inhabitants of the Russian Empire (70%), they were begging and starving. This situation brought the agrarian question to the forefront.
2. The supreme power did not strive to limit its powers and carry out a number of liberal reforms. At that time, ministers Svyatopolk-Mirsky and Witte put forward their projects for consideration.
3. The labor issue also remained acute. Representatives of the working class complained that there was no one to look after their interests. The state did not interfere in the relationship between the subordinate and the employer. Entrepreneurs often took advantage of this and created working and payment conditions that were beneficial only to themselves. As a result, the revolution in Russia set itself the goal of solving this.
4. The dissatisfaction of the inhabitants of the empire, on whose territory there were 57% of non-Russian citizens, intensified due to the unresolved Forced Russification did not proceed as calmly as the authorities imagined.

As a result, a small spark instantly turned into a flame that engulfed the most remote corners of the empire. Betrayal on the part of some high military officials also played a significant role. It was they who provided the revolutionaries with weapons and tactical recommendations and determined the outcome of the matter, even before the outbreak of popular unrest.

External causes of the revolution

The main external reason was the defeat of the empire in Russo-Japanese War in 1904. Failures at the front gave rise to discontent among that part of the population that hoped for a successful outcome of military operations - the soldiers and their relatives.

According to the unofficial version, Germany was very afraid of the growing power of Russia, so it sent spies who egged on the local population and spread rumors that the West would help everyone.

Bloody Sunday

The main event that shook public foundations is considered to be the peaceful demonstration on Sunday, January 9, 1905. Later this Sunday would be called “bloody”.

The peaceful demonstration of peasants and workers was led by priest and active public figure Georgy Gapon. The protesters planned to arrange a personal meeting with Nicholas II. They were heading towards the Winter Palace. In total, about 150,000 people gathered in the center of the then capital. Nobody imagined that a revolution would begin in Russia.

Officers came out to meet the workers. They began to demand that the protesters stop. But the demonstrators did not listen. Officers began firing their guns to disperse the crowd. The soldiers, who did not have guns, beat people with sabers and whips. That day, 130 people were killed and 299 wounded.

The king was not even in the city during all these events. He prudently left the palace with his family.

Society could not forgive the tsarist authorities for such a number of innocently killed citizens. Together with whom he managed to survive that Sunday, plans began to be prepared to overthrow the monarchy.

The words “Down with autocracy!” were heard everywhere. Revolution 1905-1907 has become a reality. Clashes broke out in Russian cities and villages.

Uprising on the Potemkin

One of the turning points of the revolution was the mutiny on the largest Russian battleship, the Prince Potemkin Tauride. The uprising took place on June 14, 1905. The battleship's crew consisted of 731 people. Among them were 26 officers. Crew members interacted closely with workers at ship repair yards. From them they adopted the idea of ​​strikes. But the team took decisive action only after they were served rotten meat for lunch.

This became the main starting point. During the strike, 6 officers were killed and the rest were taken into custody. The Potemkin crew ate breadcrumbs and water, standing under a red flag for 11 days on the high seas, after which they surrendered to the Romanian authorities. Their example was adopted on the St. George the Victorious, and later on the cruiser Ochakov.

Climax

Of course, it was impossible to predict the results of the revolution of 1905-1907 at that time. But when a large-scale All-Russian strike occurred in the fall of 1905, the emperor was forced to listen to the people. It was started by printers and supported by workers from other trade unions. The authorities issued a decree that from now on some political freedoms were granted. The emperor also gave the go-ahead for the creation of the State Duma.

The freedoms granted were suitable for the Mensheviks and Socialist Revolutionaries who took part in the strikes. For them at that time the revolution was over.

RSDLP

The revolution was just beginning for the radicals. In December of the same year, members of the RSDLP organized an uprising with weapons on the streets of Moscow. At this stage, the results of the revolution of 1905-1907. supplemented by the published law on elections to the first State Duma.

Having achieved active actions from the authorities, attributing them to the results of the revolution of 1905-1907, the representatives no longer wanted to stop. They expected the results of the work of the State Duma.

Decline in activity

The period from 1906 to the first half of 1907 is characterized by relative calm. The State Duma, which mainly included cadets, set to work, becoming the main legislative body. In February 1907, a new one was created, consisting almost entirely of leftists. They were dissatisfied with her, and after only three months of work the Duma was dissolved.

Strikes also continued regionally, but by that time the power of the monarch had strengthened significantly.

Results of the revolution of 1905-1907

The first revolution did not end with such radical changes as were sought by representatives of radical workers. The monarch remained in power.

Nevertheless, the main results of the Russian revolution of 1905-1907 can be called significant and fateful. They not only drew the line at the absolute power of the emperor, but also forced millions to pay attention to the appalling state of the economy, belated technological progress and the underdevelopment of the army of the Russian Empire in comparison with other states.

The results of the revolution of 1905-1907 can be briefly described in several points. Each of them became a symbol of victory over the power of the empire. Nicholas II managed to retain power in his hands, essentially losing control of the army and navy.

Summary results of the revolution 1905-1907: table

This is how we can briefly characterize the events of 1905-1907. and their consequences.