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Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Methodological designer in the direction of “Friendship and Enmity” of the final essay - 2016/2017 Compiled by 11th grade students of MBOU Secondary School No. 14 and teacher of Russian language and literature N.P. Kovaleva
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“Friendship and Enmity” The direction focuses on reasoning about the value of human friendship, about ways to achieve mutual understanding between individuals, their communities and even entire nations, as well as about the origins and consequences of enmity between them. Contents of many literary works associated with the warmth of human relationships or the hostility of people, with the development of friendship into enmity or vice versa, with the image of a person who is capable or incapable of valuing friendship, who knows how to overcome conflicts or who sows enmity.
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Purpose of the work: Following writers and thinkers (involving texts), answer the question posed in the formulation of the topic
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The meaning of the word "friendship" is translated. decomposition Friendly attitude towards each other between humans and animals 4 Relationships between people based on mutual affection, spiritual closeness, common interests, etc. 1 Mutual disposition, affection characteristic of such relationships 2 Friendliness, mutual understanding, etc. between peoples, countries, states 3
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The meaning of the word “enmity” Enmity is a situation in which there are people who are not ready to make concessions and reconciliation. 1 3 Unfriendly, hostile, hate-filled relationships and actions 1 Hostility, mutual hatred, unfriendly relationships. To harbor enmity towards someone. Live in enmity with someone. Irreconcilable enmity. Hostility flared up. 2
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Statements famous people about friendship and enmity Of all the enemies, the most dangerous is the enemy who pretends to be a friend. (Shota Rustaveli) Everyone in the world has enemies, But save us from friends, God! (A.S. Pushkin) In the bustle of this world, friendship is the only thing that is important in personal life. (Karl Marx) 5 4 Friendship, which is given for money, and not acquired by the greatness and nobility of the soul, can be bought, but cannot be kept. (Niccolò Machiavelli) 1 Life is too short to waste it on enmity. (Charlotte Brontë) 2 3
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Literature: A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” (Onegin - Lensky) I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” (Bazarov - Arkady) I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov” (Oblomov - Stolz) L.N. Tolstoy “War and Peace” (Pierre, Bolkonsky) L.N.Tl F.M. Dostoevsky. "Crime and Punishment." (Raskolnikov, Razumikhin) A.S. Pushkin " Captain's daughter"(Grinev, Shvabrin, Pugachev) A.S. Pushkin. “Dubrovsky” (seniors Dubrovsky and Troekurov) A. Dumas “The Three Musketeers” (Athos, Porthos, Aramis and D. Artatanyan) 4 6 2 3 5 1 7 8
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How can themes be formulated? Is it possible to live life without having friends? “There are no bonds holier than fellowship” (N.V. Gogol). If yesterday's friend became an enemy, then he was never a friend... “A true friend is known in misfortune” (Aesop). The best friend is the one who will help us bring out the best that lies in our soul. Can friendship develop into enmity? Is it true that without true friendship life is nothing? 4 1 2 3 5 6 7
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Thesis No one knows what kind of wound enmity can leave in the heart of a person or even an entire nation. Friendship is a valuable gift of a person, which he should use for the right purposes. It not only brings people together, but helps to understand that all controversial issues can be resolved peacefully. Finding a true friend is not an easy task, but it is much easier to lose him because of your unwillingness to help him or understand him, so you should treat friendship more carefully and eradicate hostility in all its manifestations.
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Universal introduction. Friendship and enmity... What is it? These are constant companions of both an individual person and society as a whole. So, in the lives of each of us there are people whom we can confidently call friends. These are those whom we completely trust, relationships with whom are based on sincerity, mutual sympathy, common interests and hobbies. But life is ambiguous, therefore it forces us to go through a number of tests, which include enmity, hostility, friendship, love. In my essay, I would like to reflect on the topic (statement by full name, answer a question that is relevant at all times)….
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Unique introduction Is it possible to live life without friends? Friendship and enmity... What is it? These are constant companions of both an individual person and society as a whole. So, in the lives of each of us there are people whom we can confidently call friends. These are those whom we completely trust, relationships with whom are based on sincerity, mutual sympathy, common interests and hobbies. But life is ambiguous, therefore it forces us to go through a number of tests, which include enmity, hostility, friendship, love. In my essay I would like to reflect on the topic of whether it is possible to live life without having friends.
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Universal conclusion. What conclusion can be drawn? Where did my reasoning on this topic lead me? Friendship is definitely a precious gift in life. And a person who knows how to value friendship, knows how to overcome conflicts, and does not want to sow enmity, is worthy of this gift. One should know when to stop in everything and everywhere. The main thing in friendship is the law of humanity. Friendship builds, but enmity only destroys.
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Unique conclusion Is it possible to live life without friends? What conclusion can be drawn? Where did my reasoning on this topic lead me? Friendship is definitely a precious gift in life. And a person who knows how to value friendship, knows how to overcome conflicts, and does not want to sow enmity, is worthy of this gift. The main thing in friendship is the law of humanity. Friendship builds, but enmity only destroys. And I really want to believe that among people living in our time, the cult of holy friendship will flourish, as in the times of A.S. Pushkin. After all, living in the world without real friends is very bad.
Friends! Who among us doesn’t like to dream? So, with your permission, now I’ll just close my eyes for a minute and be transported to medieval France. It was a golden time! The country was then ruled by a king, and his peace was guarded by musketeers. They did it with dignity, bravely and courageously fulfilling their duty! In those days, any young man considered it an honor to enter the service of the king, but, of course, desire alone was not enough! Not everyone could get into the service of the king. Thus, any applicant for the title of royal musketeer,
He had to come from a noble family. At that time, only to know with youth studied fencing and horse riding - these skills were mandatory for any musketeer!
The novel is called “The Three Musketeers,” but at the same time, we all remember very well that there were four of them. d, Artagnan received the status of a musketeer the most recent of fab four, but he is one of the main characters of the novel. Why did his name never grace the title of the book? The fact is that Dumas simultaneously wrote and published a book, the title “The Three Musketeers” was only a draft, and the author subsequently intended to insert the name d,
Artagnan. But it was already too late to change anything, since the novel, even then, in the process of writing, was deafeningly popular. Dumas, however, later put D. Artagnan on the cover next to the other musketeers, thereby emphasizing his importance to the novel.
Now let's get to know the main characters a little closer. Athos, Porthos and Aramis are bosom friends, they stand up for each other like a mountain (I think many remember their famous motto “One for all, and all for one!”). It is clear that they are initially hostile to the new Gascon d. Artagnan. But later, when their friendship is put to the test (it can’t be done without love!), the king’s best friends and faithful musketeers will become four! And now they will go together until the very end, no matter what!
Dumas' famous novel has been filmed several times and also translated into several languages. Of course, it could not but have a continuation, since even then, in the nineteenth century, this was greatly desired by the first readers of the novel, and then by numerous other admirers of Dumas’s work. The continuation did not take long to arrive, and a year later fans of Dumas’s work could enjoy the author’s new work, “Twenty Years Later.” In total, there are three novels in the “musketeer” cycle, dedicated to the life of the royal musketeers in different years their lives - the third part was the no less popular book of this series, “The Vicomte de Bragelonne”.
Essays on topics:
- On the first Monday of April 1625, the population of the town of Meng on the outskirts of Paris seemed agitated as if the Huguenots had decided to turn it...
- One of the basic spiritual needs of a person is communication. Communication with someone you can trust, who will always understand and support, on...
- (48 words) True friends always treat each other with sensitivity. Hero novel of the same name A.S. Pushkin, Evgeny Onegin, allowed himself a cruel joke towards his friend Lensky. He did not take into account that he could take everything to heart, and his rash act turned into a tragedy. Their relationship was not true friendship.
- (48 words) Unfortunately, often, under the pretext of friendship, one person uses another. Such a case occurs in the story of A.I. Solzhenitsyn "Matryonin's Dvor". Matryona's friends, taking advantage of her kindness, constantly ask her to help with the housework - of course, for free. But they know very well that she already has a lot to do, but their own benefit is more important to them.
- (38 words) An example of sincere, tender friendship is the communication between Makar Devushkin and Varvara Dobroselova from “Poor People” by F.M. Dostoevsky. Despite poverty and life's difficulties, each of the heroes cares more about the well-being of the other than about their own, which is reflected in their touching letters.
- (59 words) “There is no use in those who forget old friends!” - this is what Maxim Maksimych says, one of the characters in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". He considered Pechorin a close friend and was very happy to meet again, but in response he received only a cold handshake. This upset the poor old man to tears. By the way, Pechorin was punished by fate: he remained alone until the end of his life.
- (49 words) A somewhat unusual friendship arose between the main characters of the novel “The Twelve Chairs” by Ilf and Petrov. It would seem that Ostap and Ippolit Matveevich are not only partners in a common cause, but also rivals in the fight for precious loot - however, they go the whole way together, and only in the end the proximity of the goal destroys their friendly relationship.
- (46 words) True friendship involves equality. In W. Golding's novel “Lord of the Flies,” children left without adults were quickly divided into leaders and subordinates, and only a few retained the ability to make friends. One of these characters is the boy Piggy, who does not abandon his friend Ralph, even when he turns from a leader into an outcast.
- (48 words) It is known that a friend is in trouble. The hero of Mayne Reid's novel The Headless Horseman, Maurice Gerald, was falsely accused of terrible crime, but could not prove anything due to his clouded consciousness. His comrade, the hunter Zebulon Stump, did everything possible to restore justice, and he succeeded: the real culprit was punished.
- (57 words) In A. De Saint-Exupéry’s fairy tale “The Little Prince,” the words of the Fox describe what friendship should be like: “We will need each other. You will be the only one for me in the whole world. And I will be alone for you in the whole world...” He also says To the little prince that when parting with a friend, bitterness is inevitable, but at the same time, pleasant memories will remain forever.
- (41 words) The idea of the importance of friendship permeates J. K. Rowling's fantasy novel Harry Potter. By supporting each other in grief and joy, the heroes more easily cope with personal problems and overcome life's difficulties. But most importantly: only together they form a force capable of resisting evil.
- (41 words) The story of friendship between man and wolf is told by J. London in the book “White Fang”. The most amazing thing is that people caused White Fang a lot of harm, but the kindness of the last owner worked a miracle with the wild beast. He did not remain in debt and became a devoted defender of the whole family.
- (51 words) best friendship- the one that lasts forever. But I know of a more amazing case when even death was not the reason for its end. Two of my father’s acquaintances fought together in a hot spot. One died, and the second is still (and more than twenty years have passed!) helping the elderly mother of his comrade in memory of him.
- (53 words) There is a good parable about friendship. It talks about an old man and a dog who walked for a long time and were very tired. Suddenly an oasis appeared on the way, but animals were not allowed to go there. The old man did not abandon his friend and walked past. Soon they reached a farm, the owner of which let them both in. A true comrade will not leave you in trouble.
- (33 words) In L. Hallström’s film “Hachiko”, a true friendship arises between the characters, which defeated death. The professor adopted a stray puppy who was used to greeting his savior from work. The devoted dog waited for his master even when he died.
- (48 words) It's no secret that the strongest friendships are born during studenthood. Indeed, at this time people have already formed as individuals, so connections are usually established between those who are close in spirit. It is known that Boris Yeltsin met with former classmates every year and did not change his tradition even when he became president.
- (43 words) They say, “A friend is a friend in need.” This is clearly visible in the Russian film adaptation of Dumas's novel The Three Musketeers. Yuri Ryashentsev wrote excellent songs praising the military brotherhood of heroes. Each of them, covering their comrade, chants: “I’ll delay them, nothing!” In this phrase, all the power of male friendship breaks through.
- (48 words) Many films are devoted to the theme of friendship. One of my favorites is “Yolki-1” by Timur Bekmambetov. In it, an orphan girl named Varya unwittingly lied that her dad was the president and would wish her a Happy New Year. What to do now? Fortunately, Vova’s faithful friend comes to the rescue, and thanks to his efforts, the impossible becomes possible.
- (54 words) Nowadays, almost every person has several dozen, or even hundreds of friends in social networks. Is this considered friendship? I'm sure yes, if you communicate a lot with the person and it brings you joy. Moreover, I was lucky to meet some of my online acquaintances in real life, and this only strengthened our affection.
- (49 words) There is a common saying on the Internet: “A friend is not someone who communicates with you in free time, but the one who frees up time to chat with you.” We can agree with this: when a person sacrifices his affairs for the sake of another, it means he values him; and if not, most likely it’s just a friendship that doesn’t last long.
- (45 words) Friendship is incompatible with selfishness - that’s a fact. Good example for me - my friend Anya. I know I can always count on her. One day I urgently needed someone to come and babysit my younger brother while I was away. Anya agreed without hesitation, although she lives on the other side of the city.
- (48 words) You can be friends not only with people. Aren't our pets our true friends? My dog always waits for me from school, and if he sees that I’m upset about something, he tries to console me, for example, laying his head on my lap or calling me to play. And vice versa, when she sees that I’m busy, she won’t interfere. Interesting? Save it on your wall!
Examples from life
The adventure novel by A. Dumas “The Three Musketeers” is very interesting story about the life and heroic exploits of devoted friends - the musketeers, who risked their lives to defend their honor. The novel leaves no one indifferent, as it is filled with bright events and characters.
The plot of the novel by A. Dumas “The Three Musketeers”
The main character of the work, a young nobleman Charles D'Artagnan, guided by the desire to become a musketeer, goes to Paris. On the way, he gets into a fight with Count Rochefort, best friend Cardinal Richelieu, who stole his letter of recommendation.
D'Artagnan is sent to serve in the guards regiment of Desessar, since without a letter of recommendation he could not be taken into the guard of the royal musketeers. On the first day of his service, D'Artagnan quarreled with three musketeer friends - Aramis, Porthos and Athos, and challenged them to a duel.
The duel between friends did not take place, since on that day a royal decree was issued banning such battles between musketeers. D'Artagnan and the three musketeers soon became friends and forgot their previous quarrels.
At this time, in the royal palace, one of Cardinal Richelieu's friends staged an intrigue against the queen herself. The Musketeers found out about this and went to Paris to defend the queen's honor.
The Musketeers managed to overcome all the obstacles that the cardinal and Milady threw at them on their way to Paris, and exposed the intrigue against the queen.
However, the brave struggle of the musketeers did not end there. Faithful friends many times abandoned the honor of French women, which was encroached upon by the British, and even managed to defend their kingdom from invaders without outside help. However, the evil Milady and the cardinal also continued to play tricks on the musketeers.
Milady found D'Artagnan's beloved in the monastery - beautiful girl Constance and poisoned her. D'Artagnan decided to punish Milady: having exposed her for all the atrocities against the French crown, he handed the villain over to the authorities.
Cardinal Richelieu, fearing that Milady's fate might befall him, decided to make reconciliation with the musketeers. He apologized for his actions, and gave them high ranks in the army of musketeers.
The laws of honor by which Dumas' heroes live
Honor is a set of moral qualities that have commanded respect at all times. What does it mean to live by the laws of honor? First of all, it means to be noble, courageous, fair, reliable, honest and be able to defend the interests of weaker people.
This is how we see the heroes of A. Dumas’ novel “The Three Musketeers.” Musketeer friends help each other and work together towards their goals. Risking their lives, at the first call they go to defend the life and honor of other people.
Musketeers help each other deal with obstacles. Reading the novel by A. Dumas, we admire the dedication and devotion of the main characters.