The main (but, of course, not the only) way of one’s intellectual development is reading.
Reading should not be random. This is a huge waste of time, and time is the greatest value that cannot be wasted on trifles. You should read according to the program, of course, without strictly following it, moving away from it where additional interests for the reader appear. However, with all deviations from the original program, it is necessary to draw up a new one for yourself, taking into account the new interests that have arisen.
Reading, in order to be effective, must interest the reader. An interest in reading in general or in certain branches of culture must be developed in oneself. Interest can be largely the result of self-education.
Creating reading programs for yourself is not so easy, and this should be done in consultation with knowledgeable people, with existing reference guides of various types.
The danger of reading is the development (conscious or unconscious) of a tendency towards “diagonal” viewing of texts or various types of speed reading methods.
“Speed reading” creates the appearance of knowledge. It can be allowed only in certain types of professions, being careful not to create the habit of speed reading; it leads to attention disorder.
Have you noticed how great an impression is made by those works of literature that are read in a calm, leisurely and unhurried environment, for example on vacation or during some not very complex and non-distracting illness?
Literature gives us a colossal, vast and profound experience of life. It makes a person intelligent, develops in him not only a sense of beauty, but also understanding - an understanding of life, all its complexities, serves as a guide to other eras and to other peoples, opens the hearts of people to you. In a word, it makes you wise.
If you didn’t read the work carefully the first time, read it again, for the third time. A person should have favorite works that he turns to repeatedly, which he knows in detail, which he can remind others about in the right environment and thereby either lift the mood, or defuse the situation (when irritation against each other accumulates), or make them laugh, or simply express your attitude towards what happened to you or someone else.
My literature teacher taught me “disinterested” reading at school. I studied in the years when teachers were often forced to be absent from classes - either they were digging trenches near Leningrad, or they had to help some factory, or they were simply sick. Leonid Vladimirovich (that was the name of my literature teacher) often came to class when the other teacher was absent, casually sat down on the teacher’s table and, taking books out of his briefcase, offered us something to read. We already knew how he could read, how he could explain what he read, laugh with us, admire something, be amazed at the art of the writer and rejoice at what was to come.
So we listened to many passages from “War and Peace,” “ The captain's daughter", several stories by Maupassant, an epic about Nightingale Budimirovich, another epic about Dobrynya Nikitich, a story about Grief-Misfortune, Krylov's fables, Derzhavin's odes and much, much more. I still love what I listened to back then as a child. And at home, father and mother loved to read in the evenings. We read for ourselves, and some of the passages we liked were read for us. Read Leskov, Mamin-Sibiryak, historical novels- everything that they liked and that we gradually began to like.
“Disinterested” but interesting reading is what makes you love literature and what broadens a person’s horizons.
Know how to read not only for school answers and not only because everyone is reading this or that thing now - it’s fashionable. Know how to read with interest and slowly.
Why is TV now partially replacing books? Yes, because TV forces you to slowly watch some program, sit comfortably so that nothing disturbs you, it distracts you from your worries, it dictates to you how to watch and what to watch.
But try to choose a book to your liking, take a break from everything in the world for a while, sit comfortably with a book, and you will understand that there are many books that you cannot live without, which are more important and more interesting than many programs. I'm not saying stop watching TV. But I say: look with choice. Spend your time on things that are worth spending. Read more and read with greater choice. Determine your choice yourself, depending on the role of the book you have chosen in history. human culture to become a classic. This means that there is something significant in it. Or maybe this essential for the culture of mankind will be essential for you too?
A classic is one that has stood the test of time. With him you won't waste your time. But the classics cannot answer all questions today. Therefore, it is necessary to read modern literature. Don't just jump at every trendy book. Don't be fussy. Vanity causes a person to recklessly spend the largest and most precious capital he has - his time.
Outstanding Soviet researcher D.S. Likhachev said: “Literature gives us a colossal, extensive and profound experience of life.” I think that he meant the reader's ability to live thousands of lives, trying on the fate of each recognized hero. We may not experience the shame of Sonechka Marmeladova or the pacification of Vera Pavlovna; it is enough to simply open the novels of Dostoevsky or Chernyshevsky to feel these states. Through reading we can travel around different worlds, countries and times, without leaving home. Therefore, a well-read person, as a rule, has a broad outlook and understands people better.
To substantiate my point of view, I will give examples from the literature. Turgenev's story "Faust" shows the devastating influence of literature, which can change a person's life and change the course of his personal history. The main character, Vera Nikolaevna, had not read a single book until she was 28 (from fiction). Her strict mother believed that it was harmful for the girl to read them. Later, Vera got married, studied linguistics and natural sciences, but novels and poetry still did not interest her. After the narrator read to her the most famous work Goethe's "Faust", the whole burden of the experience from which she was vainly protected fell upon Vera. She knew love, passion and other strong feelings that until that moment had not touched her in any way; she simply did not understand them. Unable to withstand the tension, the heroine died. Literature really gives us a vast experience of life, which cannot be dumped on an unprepared person, like my experience on a baby, for example. Experiences, thoughts and emotions come to us gradually, just like serious books, because prose and poetry are also sources of spiritual matter, like life.
Another example can be found in Pushkin's poem "Eugene Onegin". The main character, unlike her sister, was well-read and thoughtful. While Olga was frivolous and superficial about life, Tatyana thought and felt seriously and thoroughly. Her love for Onegin was deep and strong, her moral principles were unshakable, and her insight and wisdom conquered Eugene in the finale. That is, her erudition largely shaped her character. When the girl found her lover's library, she understood his soul and forgave him for his coldness. This means that it was books that gave a very young person the knowledge of life and the necessary emotional maturity, which allowed Tatyana to understand the situation and accept it.
Thus, we can conclude that Likhachev wanted to say about the role of literature in the formation of personality and in its development. Reading helps us gain wisdom before we can no longer use it. Moreover, books give us the opportunity to learn, see, feel something that we could never experience in our lives.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!(D. Likhachev)
Composition
What place does literature occupy in people's lives? What does reading give us? How to choose the right books? How important is it to read a book “disinterestedly”, with something interesting? Academician Dmitry Likhachev invites us to reflect on the problem of correct reading.
The text talks about the fact that books and reading can become a way of life for every person, you just have to choose the right book, because, according to Likhachev, it serves as “a guide to other eras and to other peoples, it opens people’s hearts to us.” Literature is of great importance in people’s lives, it gives us “a colossal, extensive and deepest experience of life”, brings wisdom, enriches inner world person, raising him.
D. S. Likhachev encourages us to read books meaningfully, thoughtfully, delving into every little detail, because it is in the little things that the most interesting and mysterious lies. You need to immerse yourself in reading not for the sake of someone else, but for yourself. The author believes that the most important is classic literature, which has stood the test of time, but he does not reject modern literature, because only it can answer many questions of our time. And in order to truly understand and love a book, you need to re-read it several times.
Tatyana Larina, main character novel in verse by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, had the same feeling for books strong love, which I also feed. “Now with what attention she / Reads a sweet novel, / With what living charm / Drinks seductive deception!” Tatyana read books, imagining herself in the place of the main heroines of the novels: immersed in reading with her head, she shared with them the feelings that owned them.
I spent unforgettable minutes with L. N. Tolstoy’s epic novel “War and Peace.” Worried about Andrei Bolkonsky, worried about the fate of Marya Bolkonskaya, surprised by the actions of Pierre Bezukhov, I read page after page. I immediately fell in love with Princess Marya, and I could not leave the book closed: my worries about the princess forced me to open the novel I loved again and again. And the joy I felt when I found out that Marya had finally found happiness with Nikolai Rostov cannot be expressed in words.
The more books I read, the more often I find “my” books, the more I understand Likhachev’s words: “there are many books without which you cannot live.”
“Biographies of Writers” - Promotes the aesthetic development of the reader’s personality, forms the skills of self-actualization of a teenager’s personality, improves the child’s desire for self-knowledge and self-improvement. I. S. Turgenev. Penetration into the creative workshop of the writer and the secrets of genius: Loving Hero beautiful, spiritually inspired...
“Styles and genres of text” - Don’t be like Kolobok! For Easter, an elderly couple decided to bake not a cake, not a pie, but some kind of bun. Dear children! Goal: Do not go into the forest alone without adult supervision! Being very hungry, I ate someone else's porridge. Topic: Information processing of texts various styles and genres (practical work).
“Developmental literature” - Functions of fiction. Literary texts. Developmental functions of fiction. cognitive-moral aesthetic development and activation of imagination, introduction to verbal art imaginative thinking. Conditions that reduce the developmental potential of fiction.
“Oral folk art” - What does “oral” mean? The birth of oral folk art was lost somewhere in the mists of time. Reading a textbook article about oral folk art. Lesson objectives: What is “folklore”? An old man stands in the forest, putting on a red cap. Teacher of Russian language and literature: Ovchinnikova N.V. Municipal educational institution "Stepanovskaya Secondary School".
“The Heroic Epic of the Peoples of the World” - As the plot of the epic develops, the image of Gilgamesh changes. Blacksmith Ilmarinen. "Mahabharata" - book illustrations. The Mahabharata is a heroic poem consisting of 18 books, or parvas. Belongs to the most famous epic works humanity. Beautiful maiden of the North. Kriemhild shows Gunther's head to Hagen.
"Research Literature" - Primary Sources. IV. My advice: a voluntary decision. Tips: personalities and terms are convenient. home possible benefit: start where others left off. When to stop reading? In all cases, the central category remains understanding (of the point of view being noted). III. Foreign languages. Publishing house.
There are 18 presentations in total
Russian language lesson in 9th grade. Developed by: Elena Aleksandrovna Khorubko, teacher of Russian language and literature.Lesson topic: Preparing to write concise presentation V exam paper GIA.
Lesson Objectives:
Develop basic skills in working with text: learn to see the structure of the text, identify micro-topics, find theses and arguments, distinguish between main and secondary information.
Strengthen your skills brief retelling text, observing logical connections between its parts.
Learn to compress text using basic techniques: generalization and exclusion.
Continue to instill in schoolchildren a love of books and reading.
Equipment: text by D.S. Likhachev for writing a concise presentation (from the collection “Dictations and presentations in the Russian language”. Publishing house “Exam” Moscow 2012)
During the classes.
Organizing time.
Communicating to students the topic and objectives of the lesson.
Teacher's opening speech.
What does the word "compressed" mean?
What text compression techniques do we know?
On students' desks: text by D.S. Likhachev for writing a condensed presentation (from the collection “Dictations and presentations in the Russian language.” Publishing house “Exam” Moscow 2012).
Text by D.S. Likhacheva.
Every person has a responsibility to take care of his own intellectual development. This is a duty to the society in which he lives and to himself.
The main (but, of course, not the only) way of one’s intellectual development is reading.
Reading, in order to be effective, must interest the reader. Interest in reading in general or in certain branches of culture
tours need to be developed in yourself. Interest may be largely
the result of self-education.
Why is TV now partially replacing books? Yes, because TV forces you to slowly watch some program, sit comfortably so that nothing disturbs you, it distracts you from your worries, it dictates to you how to watch and what to watch. But try to choose a book to your liking, take a break from everything in the world for a while, sit comfortably with a book, and you will understand that there are many books that you cannot live without, which are more important and more interesting than many programs. I'm not saying stop watching TV. But I say: look with choice. Spend your time on things that are worth spending. Read more and read with greater choice. Determine your choice yourself, depending on the role the book you have chosen has acquired in the history of human culture. To become a classic. This means that there is something significant in it. Or maybe this essential for the culture of mankind will be essential for you too?
A classic work is one that has stood the test of time. With him you won't waste your time. But the classics cannot answer all the questions of today. Therefore, it is necessary to read modern literature. Don't just jump at every trendy book. Don't be fussy. Vanity makes a person recklessly spend the largest and most precious capital he has - his time.
4.Work according to the text.
Read the text. What type of speech does it belong to? (Reasoning).
What is the main idea of the text? (Main idea: reading is the main way of human intellectual development).
Remember the definition of the main concepts: microtheme, thesis, argument.
How can you title the text? “Reading is the basis of human development,” “Love reading.”
How many parts does the text consist of? The text consists of six parts.
Highlight the main ideas of each micro-topic.
Paragraph No. Microtheme
1 Every person needs to take care of his own
intellectual development.
2 Reading is the main way of intellectual
development.
3 Interest in reading - result
literature gives understanding of life.
modern literature. The main thing is not to be
vain, don't waste time.
Since this text relates to reasoning, it is necessary to highlight the author’s thesis and arguments.
Arguments: 1) It is necessary to develop an interest in reading. 2) Reading with pleasure makes a person wise and develops an understanding of life. 3)Read more and with the greatest choice. 4) Modern literature provides answers to today's questions.
8.Work on text compression.
We will compress the text using methods of excluding and summarizing information.
In our work we will combine the first three paragraphs of the source text:
Every person should take care of his intellectual development through reading. It must be interesting to the reader. Interest in reading is the result of a person’s self-education.
The next paragraph contains arguments and evidence of the author's thesis.
Literature gives life experience, makes a person wise and intelligent, develops an understanding of life. All this is possible only when you read with pleasure and delve into every little detail. Watch TV shows and read books with serious choices. Don't waste time on unimportant works. Pay attention to both classical and modern literature. She will give answers to today's questions.
Here we have excluded repetitions of words ( understanding, little things), author's explanation in parentheses ( whether according to the school curriculum or at the behest of fashion and vanity), interrogative sentences. Sentence structures have been made simpler. We summarize sentences connected by one thought.
Therefore, read more, but do not be vain in your choice of literature. This will save you from losing your greatest value - time.
We replaced part of the sentence with a pronoun, eliminated repetitions of words, homogeneous members offers. Sentences that are similar in meaning were generalized.
Logical connections between parts of the text provide words of one thematic group(book, reading, literature), summary words (therefore), use of personal and demonstrative pronouns.
5. Summing up the lesson.
What text compression techniques did we use?
Were all lesson objectives achieved?