What types of violins are there? A brief overview of the musical instruments of a symphony orchestra is completed. An instrument like a violin, only large

Violin- an artifact in the world of music, it is a real magic wand. Everyone knows the violin. When remembering it, no one starts arguing like they do about other strings: “And the cello, is it such a big one? Or a bigger double bass? What kind of violina then?”

Everyone knows what a violin is and what it looks like. But this is only if you are not going to play on it. But if you are going, you will have to learn much more about it, because violins are very, very different.

So, the violin is a high-register bowed string instrument, considered primarily intended for solo parts. It has ancient history, modern look received in the 16th century. Violins have always been made by violin makers; today the works of Stradivarius and Guarneri are highly valued.

The instrument has four strings in fifths g, d1, a1, e2, (there are five strings, c - “to” of the small octave). The timbre of the instrument is thick in the low register, soft in the middle and brilliant in the upper.

Components and types of modern violins

The body has a pear-shaped shape, calculated strictly mathematically.

Hull decks– the upper and lower ones are connected by shells. They form the arches of the violin, their thickness and shape are important for the strength and timbre of the sound. The higher the hardwood shells, the more deaf and soft sound, the lower, the more piercing and weightless the top notes.

The corners on the shells are needed to position the bow. The body contains a damper that transmits vibrations from the stand through the upper soundboard to the lower one, making the violin sound thick and clear.

The back is made from a whole piece or two identical halves of hardwood. The upper half is made of spruce, and has resonator holes - f-holes. A stand for strings is fixed in the middle of the soundboard; a spring, a bar, is attached under it, thanks to which the upper soundboard resonates better.

The strength and sound depend very much on the material and less on the composition of the varnish for the instrument. Varnish plays a big role in protecting the instrument from external environment, and gives it colors from golden to nutty.

Underneck holds the strings, was previously made of mahogany or ebony, now often made of plastics or alloys. The neck has a loop and four loops for strings. Nowadays, lever-screw mechanisms are often installed in the hole, which facilitate adjustment.

The violin also includes a loop made of thick string or wire, and a button, the top of the peg, which holds the neck and can withstand a load of about 24 kg.

The stand provides support for the strings and transmits vibrations from the strings to the soundboard, so its location determines the sound - if it is closer to the neck, the sound is duller, and further away - brighter.

Vulture consists of a whole shelf of hard wood (black ebony or rosewood), curved so that the bow does not catch other strings when playing.

Threshold- a wooden plate into which strings are inserted.

Neck- a semicircular part by which the performer holds the violin. The tuning box is the part of the neck where there are two pairs of tuning pegs that tune the strings.

They must be lubricated with lapping paste. The curl is the decoration of the violin, the “trademark” of the master.

Strings: 1st - E of the second octave, sounds ringing and brilliant, 2nd - A of the first octave, soft sound, 3rd - D of the first octave, soft matte timbre, 4th - G of a small octave, thick sound.

Accessories

A bow, a wooden cane with a block and horsetail hair with scales. The chin rest is a device for holding the violin. Bridge - a plate for holding the violin on the collarbone.

The violin also comes with a “jammer”, thanks to which the violin barely sounds - audible to the performer and inaudible to others (for studying), as well as a machine - a tool for tuning, which depends on the size of the violin.

Types of violins

Violins are:

• Acoustic. In other words, this is an ordinary wooden violin that sounds thanks to the body and its features.

  An acoustic violin is designed to be played in an orchestra or solo.

  This the best option in order to learn to play the violin, because only on a natural instrument can one learn to fully produce sounds; on other types of violin this is impossible.

  Only after full training in playing the acoustic violin can you play other instruments.

• Electric violin . Its sound differs in material - steel, ferromagnet, electromagnet, as well as piezoelectric or magnetic pickups.

  The electronic violin is very similar to the traditional violin, but its sound is sharper and closer to synthetic, this is easy to understand by listening to Vanessa May or Lindsey Stirling.

  A violin can have up to 10 strings and a resonating or framed body. Unfortunately, the violin is not suitable for an orchestra; it will stand out in sound and will not provide a pure and unique sound.

• Semi-acoustic violin – combining cabinet sound and pickups.

There are also craftsman, factory or factory violins.

Artisan ones are very expensive and made for a specific musician, factory ones are old ones, made by hand by craftsmen of small factories before the 20th century, as well as factory ones - the basic option for any musician - they can sound no worse than original ones, but have no material value.

Violin - main dimensions

The size of the violins depends on the length of the player's hand. So, the violin – main dimensions:

• 4/4 – four quarters (whole) – the largest violin, intended for the oldest school students and adults. A 4/4 violin in Chisinau is purchased mainly for confident playing of the instrument.
• 1/2 – one half (half) – for children 9–10 years old, as well as for younger but tall ones.
• 3/4 - three-quarters (three-quarter) - something between (1/2) and (4/4), for children about 12-15 years old, but this is an optional option, you can move from a half to a whole violin at once.
• 1/4 – one quarter (quarter) – for ages 4 to 9 years.
• 1/8 and 1/16 (eighth and sixteenth) - for the little ones. Children's violin 1/8 in Moldova is in consistently high demand; this size is mainly purchased for children who are still in the process of learning.
• 7/8 - a little more than three-quarter, usually the violins of the famous masters Amati and Stradivari had this size.

It is impossible to extract high-quality sound from a small violin, because they are intended for study. To understand what size violin a musician needs, you need to measure the length from the bottom of the scroll to the soundboard (excluding the “button” on which the neck is attached.

Let's look at the table data:

Using this table you can select the approximate size of the tool.

You can select a violin bow using the following parameters:

Mostly all adults play full-size violins. The most important thing in choosing is to make sure that you are comfortable playing the instrument, so that the fourth finger fits comfortably into intonation.

A violin is a living being, with character, emotions and soul. Her voice is able to play on the strings of our soul and make them thinner, opening up new, previously unknown depths in them. You can purchase these wonderful tools on our website.

Available violins in our store different sizes, including an educational tool for the little ones. The price of violins in Moldova in our store fully corresponds to the declared high quality!

In our online store you can. We have the most low prices for violins in Chisinau. Acoustic violins 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 3/4, 4/4 available. Delivery is carried out throughout the country.

big violin

. (Italian alto - literally - high), part in a choir, performed by low children's or women's voices

Instrument from the Krylov quartet

Musical instrument by Yuri Bashmet

Intermediate stage between violin and cello

A variation of some orchestral musical instruments

. "nasal" violin

Bowed string instrument

Bass of a young choir singer

Played this musical instrument main character stories by Vladimir Orlov

Bowed musical instrument

The smaller brother of the double bass

Yuri Bashmet's instrument

Violin's Big Brother

Overgrown violin

Between soprano and tenor

Bowed instrument

Bashmet's violin

Soprano, ..., tenor, bass

More violin

One of the bowed

Bowed “middle”

Middle of the string trio

Direct descendant of viola

Instrument in a violin quartet

Musical instrument

Treble, ..., tenor

Between tenor and treble

Above tenor

Big Buddy Violin

. "eldest" of the violins

Violin by Yuri Bashmet

Less cello

The oldest of the violins

Violin in lower register

Danilov's instrument

Bashmet musical instrument

A little more violin

Female bass

A little older violin

Female contralto

Between violin and cello

Violin-shaped instrument

Boyish "bass"

Little more than a violin

Violin type instrument

Violin double

Variety of saxophone

Stringed musical instrument

German mechanic and engineer, one of the founders of the geometric method of mechanism synthesis (1889-1954)

. "Nasly" violin

. "Elder" of violins

Anagram for the word "tal"

Big brother of the violin

Children's basque

M. Italian voice between treble and tenor; short female voice, type of violin, second, viola; she is more violin, with a decrease thin string and with the addition of Basque. Alto clef, note, between treble and bass. Alto voice, low, close to alto. Violist m. violist female who sings or plays viola. Altana f. zap. belvedere, gazebo, tower, tower. Altimetry, part of trigonometry, the science of measuring heights

Boyish "bass"

The oldest of the violins

Violin

Bowed "middle"

Quarter violin quartet

A jumble of letters from the word "tal"

In bowed musical instruments, sounds are produced by rubbing the hair of the bow on the strings; in this regard, their sound characteristics differ significantly from plucked instruments.

Bowed instruments are distinguished by their high sound quality and endless possibilities in the field of performance technique and therefore are leading in various orchestras and ensembles and are widely used for solo performance.

This subgroup of instruments includes violins, violas, cellos, double basses, as well as a number national instruments 1 (Georgian chianuri, Uzbek gidzhak, Azerbaijani kemancha, etc.).

Violin among bowed instruments- the highest register instrument. The sound of the violin in the upper register is light, silvery, in the middle - soft, gentle, melodious and in the lower register - tense, thick.

The violin is tuned in fifths. The range of the violin is 3 3/4 octaves, from G of the small octave to E of the fourth octave.

They produce solo violins, size 4/4; training, size 4/4, 3/4, 2/4, 1/4, 1/8. Educational violins, unlike solo ones, have a slightly worse finish and lower sound quality. In turn, educational violins, depending on the sound quality and external decoration, are divided into educational violins of 1st and 2nd classes. Class 2 violins differ from class 1 violins in worse sound quality and external finish.

Alto somewhat larger than a violin. In the upper register it sounds tense and harsh; in the middle register the sound is dull (nasal), melodious, in the lower register the alto sounds thick, somewhat rough.

The viola strings are tuned in fifths. Range - 3 octaves, from note to minor octave to note to third octave.

Violas are divided into solo (size 4/4) and educational violas of grades 1 and 2 (size 4/4).

Cello Almost 3 times the size of a full-size violin, it is played while sitting. The tool is placed on the floor, after inserting the stop.

The sound of the upper register of the instrument is light, open, chesty. In the middle register it sounds melodious and thick. The lower register sounds full, thick, dense. Sometimes the sound of a cello is compared to the sound of the human voice.

The cello is tuned in fifths, an octave below the alto. The range of the cello is 31/3 octaves - from C to the major octave to E of the second octave.

Cellos are divided into solo and study:

♦ solo (4/4 size) are made according to one of the Stradivarius models; they are intended for solo, ensemble and orchestral performance musical works;

♦ educational cellos of 1 (size 4/4) and 2 classes (size 4/4, 3/4, 2/4, 1/4, 1/8) differ in sound quality and presentation. Designed for teaching music to students of various ages.

Double bass- the largest of the family of bowed instruments; it is almost 31/2 times longer than a full-sized violin in length. The double bass is played while standing, placed on the floor in the same way as a cello. In its form, the double bass retained the features of ancient viols.

The double bass is the lowest sounding instrument of the bow family. Its sound in the middle register is thick and quite soft. The top notes sound liquid, sharp and intense. The lower register sounds very dense and thick. Unlike others string instruments The double bass is built in fourths and sounds an octave below the iotated one. The range of the double bass is 21/2, octaves - from E counter-octave to B-be-mol small octave.

Double basses are divided into: solo (size 4/4); educational grade 1 (size 4/4); educational 2 classes (size 2/4, 3/4, 4/4).

Five-string solo double basses (4/4 size) are also produced, ranging from notes to counter-octave to notes to the second octave.

In their design, the violin, viola, cello and double bass are of the same type. The difference between them is mainly in size and structure. Therefore, this article describes the design of only one bowed instrument - the violin.

The main structural components of a violin are: body, neck with neck, head, tailpiece, stand, peg box, strings.

The figure-eight shaped body amplifies the sound vibrations of the strings. It consists of upper and lower decks (14, 17), which are the most important resonating parts of the violin, and shells (18). The top deck is thickest in the middle, gradually decreasing towards the edges. In cross-section, the decks have the shape of a small arch. The top soundboard has two resonator holes shaped like the Latin letter "f", hence their name - f-holes. The decks are connected by shells.

The tool shells consist of six parts and are attached to six body posts (16, 19). A neck (20) is attached to the upper body post, on which the neck (10) is mounted. The neck serves to press the strings during performance; it has a conical shape along the length, and a slight curvature at the end. A continuation of the neck and its end is the head (3), which has a peg box (12) with side holes for strengthening the pegs. The curl (11) is the end of the peg box and has different shape(often shaped).

Pegs have the shape of cone-shaped rods with a head and are used to tension and tune the strings. The nut (13) at the top of the neck limits the sounding part of the strings and has a curvature of the neck.

The tailpiece (6) is designed to secure the lower ends of the strings. For this purpose, it has corresponding holes in its wide part.

The stand (15) supports the strings at the required height from the fingerboard, limits the sounding length of the strings and transmits the vibration of the strings to the soundboards.

All bowed instruments have four strings (only the double bass can have five strings).

To produce sound, bows are used, which differ in size and shape.

The bow consists of a reed (2) with a head at the upper end, a tension screw block (5) and a hair (6). The bow reed, on which the evenly spaced hair is pulled, is slightly curved. It has a head (1) at the end and springs in the direction opposite to the hair. A block is used to secure the hair, and at the other end of the bow the hair is secured at the end of the cane in the head. The block moves along the reed by rotating the screw (4), located at the end of the reed, and provides the hair with the required tension.

Bows are divided into solo and training classes 1 and 2.

Spare parts and accessories for bowed instruments

Spare parts and accessories for bowed instruments are: tailpieces and fingerboards, stands, pegs made of stained hardwood or plastic; mutes made of plastic or wood; machines for adjusting the tension of brass strings; plastic violin and viola chinrests; strings; buttons; cases and covers.