Subject. I.S. Turgenev. "Notes of a Hunter." "Khor and Kalinich."
Objectives: to check the understanding of a story read independently; determine the writer’s attitude towards the ordinary Russian peasant, give comparative characteristics main characters; determine the place of “Notes of a Hunter” in the works of I.S. Turgenev and Russian literature; develop analytical reading skills.
Equipment: interactive whiteboard; presentation; texts, writing on the board.
Lesson progress
Organizational part
Entering the topic.
Teacher's word
(1 slide)
We have been meeting with the work of the great Russian writer of the 19th century I.S. Turgenev for several years now. Let's remember which of his works we are already familiar with? (on the slides are illustrations for the stories “Mumu” ​​and “Bezhin Meadow” - the children name these works).
(slide 2,3)
Individual assignment For today's lesson we were preparing a presentation on the life and work of I.S. Turgenev. Let's give the floor to your friend.
(The student talks about the biography of I.S. Turgenev during the presentation)
PRESENTATION No. 2 of individual work.
Student’s speech based on the prepared presentation “Biography of I.S. Turgenev”
Main part
Teacher's word
Indeed, despite the fact that Turgenev was a landowner, he was critical of serfdom. Suffice it to recall the story “Mumu”, where the example of the janitor Gerasim shows all the lawlessness of serfdom. Today we will get acquainted with another work, which is part of the series of stories “Notes of a Hunter” and is called “Khor and Kalinich”.
(slide No. 4)
The history of the series “Notes of a Hunter.” Early creativity I. S. Turgenev - these are poems, poems, several stories and plays. At the end of the 40s of the 19th century, Turgenev was already quite famous writer. But real success came along with the publication of the stories “Notes of a Hunter”.
The great Russian critic V.G. Belinsky explained the increased reader’s attention to the work, saying: “it is not surprising that the little play “Khor and Kalinich” was such a success: in it the author approached the people from a side from which no one had approached him before came in." All the stories in the series “Notes of a Hunter” tell about serfs who, in their own way, moral qualities are portrayed as superior to their heartless masters.
Why do you think the cycle of stories was called “Notes of a Hunter” by Turgenev? (Turgenev was an avid hunter; hunters always have a lot of interesting stories, for censorship reasons)
(slide No. 5)
So, the first essay to appear was “Khor and Kalinich” (1747), which made a huge impression on readers.
Remind me what the term “essay” means? (Small literary work giving a short, expressive description of something).
At the center of the essay “Khor and Kalinich” are two peasant characters. Turgenev created the image of Khor under the impression of meeting a real peasant, “from life”, and even sent him his sketch, which he was very flattered by. The prototype of Polutykin was the landowner N.A. Golofeev, who recognized himself and was very offended by the writer.
Why was he offended?
(slide number 6)
The story “Khor and Kalinich” begins with the author’s lengthy discussion about how the peasant of the Oryol province differs from the peasant of the Kaluga province. It seems that already at the very beginning of the story the writer wants to penetrate the secret of the Russian folk character.
(the teacher reads an excerpt from the words “Who happened to the words and scares the dog)
Turgenev specifically compares two psychological type: the sensible, practical Khor and the dreamy, poetic Kalinich. These are, as it were, two sides of the same coin, two components of a single Russian character.
Khor and Kalinich are two sides of a single national Russian character, in which a sober attitude to life coexists - and dreaminess, businesslikeness, enterprise and disdain for material well-being. Kalinich is closer to nature, Khor is closer to people, to society. The entire story is built on an antithesis - a depiction of two opposite, but complementary Russian characters.
Comparative characteristics of Khor and Kalinich. Working with text.
(slide No. 7)
Now let's turn to the main characters of the story.
Give a detailed comparative description of Khor and Kalinich. Support your opinion with text.
A) Ferret
Student presentation: The ferret is one of the main characters of the story. He is a positive, practical person, an administrative head, a rationalist. Having settled in the swamp, Khor managed to get rich. He settled down, “accumulated some money,” got along with the master and other authorities, raised a large family, obedient and unanimous. Khor spoke little, chuckled to himself, he saw right through his master. Khor stood closer to people, to society, he was occupied with administrative and state issues. His knowledge was quite extensive, in its own way, but he could not read. Khor could not live without work, he was constantly doing something: either repairing a cart, propping up a fence, or revising harnesses. He lived in an estate that rose in the middle of the forest, in a cleared and developed clearing.
This is how Turgenev gives us a description of Khor: On the threshold of the hut, I was met by an old man, bald, short, broad-shouldered and stocky Khor himself. I looked at this Khor with curiosity. The shape of his face was reminiscent of Socrates: the same high, knobby forehead, the same small eyes, the same snub nose.
B) Kalinich
Student speech: Kalinich too main character story, but he is not at all like his friend Khorya. Kalinich was one of the idealists, romantics, enthusiastic and dreamy people. He walked in bast shoes and managed to get by somehow. He once had a wife, whom he was afraid of, but had no children: Kalinich, unlike Khor, was in awe of his master, explained himself passionately, “although he did not sing like a nightingale, like a lively factory man.” Kalinich was gifted with such advantages that Khor himself recognized: “he charmed blood, fear, rabies, driving out worms; the bees were given to him, his hand was light.” Kalinich stood closer to nature, he was more touched by the descriptions of mountains and waterfalls than by administrative and government issues. He lived in a low hut and could not support the farm. He could read, sang well and played the balalaika. Only Khor and Kalinich liked music; it united them. Khor really loved the song “Share, you are mine, share!” and Kalinich knew this well. As soon as he starts playing, Khor begins to chime in with a plaintive voice. Here the theme of the musical talent of the Russian people manifests itself for the first time.
This is how Turgenev describes Kalinich: It was Kalinich. I liked his good-natured dark face, marked here and there with rowan berries, at first sight. Kalinich (as I learned later) every day went hunting with the master, carried his bag, sometimes his gun, noticed where the bird landed, got water, picked strawberries, built huts, ran behind the droshky; Without him, Mr. Polutykin could not take a step. Kalinich was a man of the most cheerful, meek disposition, constantly sang in a low voice, looked carefree in all directions, spoke slightly through his nose, smiling, narrowed his light blue eyes and often took his thin, wedge-shaped beard with his hand. He walked slowly, but with long steps, lightly supporting himself with a long and thin stick.
In what form of dependence on their master were Khor and Kalinich. After all, they were both serfs. Khor paid his rent to the owner, and Kalinich worked his corvée. Let's remember how these forms of duties differ.
Obro
·k - one of the duties of dependent peasants, which consists of paying the landowner in food or money. Corvée is the free forced labor of a serf peasant working with his own equipment in a lordly (landowner) household.
How was the quitrent beneficial for Khor? But as they say, it is high to God, far from the Tsar-Father.
(Slides No. 8,9)
Relationships of the main characters. Friendship of peasants.
A) the teacher's word.
We understand that the work is built on opposition. Before us are two different peasants, in character, appearance, attitude towards their owner. What was their mutual respect based on? Where we can see the relationship between Khor and Kalinich.
B) Reading the passage
(from the words “Both friends were not at all alike to each other to the words He saw a lot, knew a lot.)
Turgenev specifically shows these heroes, expressing in them best qualities Russian man. They seem to complement each other, making up one whole. Let's find in the text confirmation of the author's love for his heroes.
“I enjoyed listening to them and watching them.”
“While talking with Khorem, for the first time I heard the simple, intelligent speech of a Russian peasant”
“I was sorry to part with the old man”
“I was interested in my new acquaintances”
“The Russian man is so confident in his strength and strength that he is not averse to breaking himself: he pays little attention to his past and boldly looks forward.”
Game "Who is it?"
All of you guys have become familiar with the text of the story, all that remains is to find out how correctly you understood the images of the main characters.
(Slides No. 10,11)

13 EMBED PowerPoint.Slide.12 1415
Creative written work
(slide No. 12)
After such active work with the text, we need to summarize. It will result in a short written work: “Which of the characters in the story did I like? Why?"
IV. The final part of the lesson.
Lesson summary
What is I.S. Turgenev’s innovation? How does I.S. Turgenev show the common people? What place do these stories occupy in 19th century literature?
Homework
(Slide No. 13)
Finish the essay-miniature.
Read the story by I.S. Turgenev “Biryuk”.

Slide 1

The story “Khor and Kalinich” from the series “Notes of a Hunter”
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev

Slide 2

The history of the creation of the story.
Date of creation: 1846-1847. Published in the Sovremennik magazine in 1847. This is the first published story from the “Notes of a Hunter” series.

Slide 3

We completely share the opinion of I.S. Turgenev, who raises the problem of serfdom in Rus' in the story “Khor and Kalinich”.
Personal assessment.

Slide 4

The narrator comes to Zhizdrinsky district to hunt. There he meets the landowner Polutykin and the serfs Khor and Kalinich. The next day, the author, returning from hunting, visits Khor. Suddenly Kalinich comes to visit Khor.
Summary of the story

Slide 5

The main problem of the story is serfdom. I.S. Turgenev presented the fundamental forces of the nation that determine its viability, the prospects for their further growth and formation. But further growth and development is impossible if serfdom, which has a detrimental effect not only on peasants, but also on nobles. This problem is raised not only in “The Choir and Kalinich”, but also in all other stories.
Statement of the problem Author's position.

Slide 6

Khor is one of the most interesting peasant types of Russian literature. He personifies a healthy practical principle: being a quit-rent peasant, he lives independently of his landowner. Kalinich - symbolizes the poetic side of Russian national character. The everyday life of the hero, who does not have business acumen, is poorly organized: he has no family, he has to spend all his time with his landowner...
Characters

Slide 7

All the stories in the series “Notes of a Hunter” are interconnected, and none can exist without the other. And that is why we believe that the story “Khor and Kalinich” occupies the place specially reserved for it by I.S. Turgenev. The story “Khor and Kalinich” was a resounding success. It was with this story that Turgenev’s brilliant writing career began, which allowed him to take his rightful place among the Russian “classics.”
Bottom line.

Slide 8

students of class 10 A of Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 6 of Amursk Grechishkin Sergey and Rebrov Valery Teacher Plokhotnyuk Inga Vladimirovna 2010
The work was completed

How does the passage characterize the hero?

How does the passage characterize the hero?

Khor was occupied with administrative and state issues. He went through everything in order: “What, they have it there just like we do, or otherwise?.. Well, tell me, father, how?..” - “Ah! oh, Lord, it’s your will!” - Kalinich exclaimed during my story; Khor was silent, frowned his thick eyebrows and only occasionally noticed that, “they say, this would not work for us, but this is good - this is order.” I cannot convey all his questions to you, and there is no need; but from our conversations I took away one conviction...

How does the passage characterize the hero?

Khor saw right through Mr. Polutykin; Kalinich was in awe of his master. Khor loved Kalinich and provided him with protection; Kalinich loved and respected Khor. Khor spoke little, chuckled and reasoned to himself; Kalinich explained himself eagerly, although he did not sing like a nightingale, like a lively factory man... But Kalinich was gifted with advantages...

Questions about the story “Khor and Kalinich”

1. 1. How does an Oryol man differ from a Kaluga man?
2. What is the name of the trope used by Turgenev when describing Polutykin and in the last sentence of the story?
3. What can you say about Fedya's character? Who does he call ferrets and what does he call wombs?
4. What did the hunters eat in Khor’s hut and what did Kalinich treat them to?
5. What did Kalinich do while the hunters were sleeping?
6. Why does Turgenev write that the next day he went hunting alone?
7. Whom did Khor’s face remind the author of?
8. Why doesn't Fedya get married?
9. How did Kalinich surprise the author when he came to Khor in the morning?
10. What advantages is Kalinich gifted with that Khor himself recognized?
11. What interesting did Khor tell you?
12. What belief about the properties of a Russian person did the author draw from his conversation with Khor and Kalinich?
13. How does Khor treat women?
14. How do men treat their master?
15. How does Khor’s favorite song “You are my share, my share” and the words “bees would not live” characterize him with a sigh?
16. What do Kalinich’s words mean: “the ducks are splashing over there, and the grass smells very strongly?”
17. Why did Kalinich “keep looking and looking at the dawn?"

I.S. Turgenev "Khor and Kalinich".

Complex social relations in the village

Good afternoon, guys!

The lesson will be devoted to studying the story of I.S. Turgenev "Khor and Kalinich". During the lesson you will identify different but complementary sides of the nature of Russian people - social and natural.

“Notes of a Hunter” is a collection of stories by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev, published in 1847-1851 in the Sovremennik magazine and published as a separate edition in 1852. The story "Khor and Kalinich" is included in this cycle. “Notes of a Hunter” depicts provincial Russia. The topic itself seems to exclude critical approaches to state Russia, not presenting any danger to the “higher spheres.” Perhaps this circumstance partly lulled the censorship. But Turgenev widens the curtain of the provincial stage, showing what is going on there, behind the scenes. The reader feels the deadening pressure of those spheres of life that hang over the Russian province, which dictate their laws to it.

"Khor and Kalinich" (story by A. Papanov), recording 1977

At the beginning of the work we learnabout Volkhov and Zhizdrinsky districts.Volkhov district in the Oryol province (non-black earth region), Zhizdrensky - in Kaluga province (non-black earth region).

I.S. Turgenev gives an accurate description of the lifestyle and spiritual appearance of peasants in various provinces of Russia. TO early XIX V. There were two forms of serfdom: corvee and quitrent.

Corvee - free forced labor of a dependent peasant working with personal equipment on the farm of the land owner. Corvee work could include field work, carriage duties, construction and handicraft work, and wood cutting.

Obrok - one of the duties of dependent peasants, which consists of paying tribute to the landowner in food or money.

The difference in socio-economic conditions was reflected in its own way in the characters of the black earth peasants, where corvée existed, and the non-black earth provinces, where quitrents were common.

“And on the plowed ground he flogged his own woman.” The boundaries of landowners' estates, not established by strict legislative acts, were a constant cause for civil strife among the nobility, from which the serfs who were deprived of their land suffered primarily. Rich landowners, using their position, shamelessly cut land from small neighbors.

Over the centuries, an unnatural order of things has developed, entered into the flesh and blood of the national character, and left its harsh stamp even on the nature of Russia. Throughout the book, Turgenev drew a stable, repeating motif of a mutilated landscape. It first appears in “Khora and Kalinich”, where it is briefly reported about the Oryol village.

• What detail in the episode indicates this?

In the work we meet one small landowner, Polutykin.

• How is the landowner Polutykin portrayed in the story? What meaning does the author’s assessment of “an excellent person” take on?

Not for nothing about Polutikine it is said in passing: this man is so insignificant, so empty compared to the full-blooded characters of the peasants. “Great man” sounds ironic.

At the end of the story, the phrase sounds: “Shoot your own black grouse and change the headman more often.” Through the mouth of a serf, Turgenev gives a negative assessment of the cultural and economic capabilities of the Russian nobleman. The peasant treats the landowner with disdain, considering him an empty person, completely unsuited to useful, practical activity.

Turgenev shows in the book social conflict, dramatically pits two national images of the world, two Russias against each other - official, serf-like, deadening life, on the one hand, and folk-peasant, living and poetic life, on the other. And all the heroes gravitate towards one of two poles - “dead” or “alive”.

In the work we meet two peasants: Khorem and Kalinich.

ferret represents a healthy practical principle: being a quit-rent peasant, Khor lives independently of his landowner, Polutykin, his farm is well-established, and he has many children. The author especially notes the active mind of his hero as an integral part of his nature.

• What is the meaning of the narrator's comparison of Chorus with Socrates?
• Why doesn’t Khor want to free himself from serfdom?
• Which principle predominates in the image of Khor - rational or ideal? Find the answer to the question in the text.

The most important means of characterizing a hero is a parallel with another character, Kalinich. They are clearly opposed as rationalist and idealist. However, in his relationship with Kalinich, the hero shows himself from a different side. Friendship with Kalinich reveals in the image of Khor such features as an understanding of music and nature.

• What is Kalinich like in the story by I.S. Turgenev? How does the landowner Polutykin speak about him?

The everyday life of the hero, who does not have business acumen, is poorly organized: he has no family, he has to spend all his time with his landowner Polutykin, go hunting with him, etc. At the same time, there is no servility in Kalinich’s behavior; he loves and respects Polutykin, completely trusts him and watches him like a child.

In contrast to Khoryu, Kalinich symbolizes the poetic side of the Russian national character. It manifests itselfin dreaminess, enthusiasm, disdain for material goods, kindness, love for people, desire to serve them, trust in the world, moral purity, in touching friendship with Khorem.

In “Notes of a Hunter,” a certain type of Russian national character is reflected in the image of Khor, testifying to the viability of a rational, solid, businesslike principle.

The image of Kalinich opens in “Notes of a Hunter” a whole series“free people” from the people: they cannot constantly live in the same place, doing the same thing. This type, with its poetry, spiritual gentleness, sensitive attitude to nature, is no less important for Turgenev than a reasonable and practical hero: they both represent different, but complementary sides of the nature of the Russian person. This is a harmonious unity, this is a happy union in the Russian character of the social and the natural.

There is another hero in the work - narrator. Heinspires sympathy among the heroes because he treats people with respect. The narrator seeks the essence of what he saw and heard, comes to generalizations and conclusions, in a word, “examines” the life that interests him.

Test

Homework.

2. Assignment according to options:

Option 1 - write a story about Nikolai Ivanovich,Morgache;

Option 2 - write a story about Stupid,Wild Master