Russian State Children's Library together with State Museum history Russian literature them. V. I. Dalia, Russian geographical society with the support of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the All-Russian project “Symbols of Russia” continues.
This year the project is dedicated to the Year of Ecology and Specially Protected Areas in the Russian Federation and is carried out with the information support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation. The project consists of two parts: the All-Russian Literary and Geographical Competition “Symbols of Russia” and the All-Russian Literary and Geographical Olympiad “Symbols of Russia”.
Until October 20, 2017, the Russian State Children's Library will accept children's questions about natural objects and territories of Russia and their reflection in classical Russian literature. An authoritative jury will determine the best questions.
The authors of the best questions will receive not only diplomas and gift certificates from the Labyrinth online store, but will also become authors All-Russian Olympiad"Symbols of Russia".
November 23, 2017 in each region it is planned to hold the Olympics among schoolchildren in two age categories: from 8 to 10 years and from 11 to 14 years. The winners of the Olympiad will receive diplomas and book gifts.
Congratulations to the teaching community on their professional holiday! We hope that the literary and geographical project “Symbols of Russia” will be supported by you and your colleagues from educational and cultural institutions. We are confident that its successful implementation will allow us to build effective interdepartmental cooperation that will help attract children to reading and increase interest in the nature and literature of our country.
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Fiction is a creative reflection human life, including many places that exist in reality. What a trembling feeling of delight is evoked by the lines of the work in which we find the name of our city with the exact indication of a street or some famous house!
There are places that everyone knows: for example, the Patriarch's Ponds or the Winter Palace, the Peter and Paul Fortress or the Griboyedov House. Much has been said and written about them, but interest in them still does not wane. But how many little-known or completely unknown toponyms are there in literature? Where do writers get them from? Maybe they just made them up? But our life is full of secrets: what if some of the streets, houses, squares, bridges depicted in books exist in reality? After all, this means that there are people who live not far from them or remember what they look like!
Of course, residents of capitals and big cities manage to come across places in works that actually exist much more often - moreover, they are located somewhere in the neighborhood. But other settlements often found their way onto the pages of books. The main thing is that they are real, recognizable and have their own history. It is interesting to know whether the author personally visited there - or maybe he only read or heard from friends about this or that estate, house, department, park... Nevertheless, these places are described in a literary work, which means they are worth study. We invite you to immerse yourself in this mysterious world.
First you need to decide what you will research. As a basis, you can take any building, house, street, bridge, square, prison - anything that actually exists or can be guessed under another name. Having decided on the author and the work, you write out an excerpt (or excerpts, if this text contains several descriptions of the object being studied), and then our investigation begins!
In what period did the author work? How accurately does his work depict the place being studied? You can reconstruct its history through sources of information such as text illustrations, old photographs, archival records, notes in popular science magazines, and much more.
You will try to recreate historical picture, determine the possibility of a personal visit to the place described by the author, find out how closely his fate is connected with this place. Trace all the changes that have occurred since the description, make inquiries in the archive or library - suddenly you come across old photo or some interesting notes - and tell everyone about your scientific discoveries.
In conclusion, be sure to photograph the object under study - its current state very important for research. If for some reason it is impossible to take a photo yourself, you can take a photo from the Internet, just don’t forget to sign it.
It may happen that several questionnaires are filled out about the same place. This is simply wonderful - this approach will give our scientific research credibility.
Surkov Alexey Alexandrovich was born on October 1 (13), 1899 in the village of Serednevo, Rybinsk district, Yaroslavl region. From the age of 12, Surkov served “among the people” in St. Petersburg. Soon after October Revolution went to the front Civil War. Having been demobilized, he returned to the village. He worked in the volost executive committee, was a hut owner, a volost political education organizer, worked for a village newspaper and even wrote plays for a drama club. Subsequently, he was involved in party and Komsomol work in Rybinsk and Yaroslavl, and edited a Komsomol newspaper.
Surkov’s move to Moscow, where he was elected to the leadership of RAPP in 1928, had a beneficial effect on Surkov’s work. Here he graduated from the Faculty of Literature of the Institute of Red Professorship in 1934. In 1934 - 39 he worked in the magazine "Literary Studies".
Surkov's first poems were published in 1918 in the Petrograd Krasnaya Gazeta, but he considers the true beginning of his poetic activity to be 1930, when the first collection of poems, Zapev, was published. The greatest successes of this and subsequent collections relate to the depiction of the heroes of the Civil War. In the 30s Surkov participates in the work of Lokaf. His songs of these years gained great popularity - “Cavalry Song”, “Tersk Marching Song”, etc. In 1939 - 1945. Surkov - war correspondent, participant in the liberation campaign in Western Belarus, the war with the White Finns, then the Great Patriotic War. In 1944 - 1946 was executive editor literary newspaper. His songs of those years gained particular popularity: “Beating in cramped stove fire...", "Song of the Brave" and a number of poems awarded the USSR State Prize in 1946. From 1945 to 1953 - executive editor of the magazine "Ogonyok". Impressions from numerous travels and meetings were inspired by the poems included in the post-war collection "To the World" - peace!", published in 1950 and awarded the USSR State Prize in 1951. Since 1949, he was secretary of the Union of Writers of the USSR (from 1953 to 1959 - first secretary). In 1952 - 1956, he was elected a member of the Central Audit Commission CPSU, and in 1956 - 1966. - candidate member of the CPSU Central Committee. Deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 4th - 8th convocations and of the RSFSR of the 2nd - 3rd convocations. Member of the World Peace Council and the Soviet Peace Committee.
Since 1962 - editor-in-chief"Brief Literary Encyclopedia". In 1965, a collection of literary critical articles and speeches by Surkov, Voices of Time, was published. Notes on the margins of the history of literature. 1934 - 1965". He translated poems of Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Polish, Czech, Slovenian, Serbian, Hungarian, Urdu and other poets. Many of Surkov's poems were translated into foreign languages. In 1969 he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. Died in July 1983.
Muse of wanderings - Africa.
(African theme in the poetry of N. Gumilyov).
1. Relevance.
2. Goals.
3. Objectives.
4. Introduction
5. Practical stage.
6. Creative work groups.
7. The final stage of the project.
8. Application (presentations, slide shows, student work, photos and videos)
PROJECT TYPE: integrated,
creative,
research,
long-term
IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINE: since January 2015
DURATION OF THE PROJECT: 2 years
PROJECT PARTICIPANTS: 11th grade students,
subject teachers
PROJECT PRODUCT: lesson script,
presentations
slideshow
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES:1. Working with maps
2.questioning students
3. cards
5. analysis scheme
poems
6. drawing
Relevance of the project:
This project represents integration – binary academic disciplines: geography and literature, creative search and scientific research of 11th grade students of the Majalis secondary school of the Kaitag region.
Our creative project consists of studying the geographical theme of Nikolai Gumilyov’s poetry, scientific research, dedicated to his travels across the Dark Continent, letters and personal diaries poet, lyrical works from the series “Tent”. It is of interest to students and will help them prepare for the exam in literature and geography in the form of the Unified State Exam, as well as broaden their horizons and improve their cultural status. Studying the biography of the Acmeist poet Silver Age prompted us, the authors of the project, to the desire to see Africa through the eyes of a poet and traveler, as well as to the desire to involve students in search and co-creation. The project presents file documents, development of integrated lessons, presentations, videos and photographs.
It includes the following topics in literature and geography:
1.Africa is an ideal continent.
2.Poet and ethnographer Nikolai Gumilyov.
3.Africa through the eyes of a poet (through the prism of poems)
4. Gumilev’s contribution to the study of Africa.
Project goals:
summarize knowledge on the continent of Africa;
give an idea of the personality of Gumilyov, a poet and geographer, and the peculiarities of his worldview;
introduce students to the “African Diary of a Poet” and the cycle of poems “Tent”;
show the exotic nature of Africa through the eyes of a romantic poet;
through Gumilyov’s poetry, reveal the features of life, traditions and culture of the peoples of the African continent; get acquainted with the features of the African GP, master the ability to identify the GP, work with different cards. Get acquainted with the reasons for the appearance of African motifs in Gumilyov’s lyrics.
Project objectives :
introduce students to Gumilev’s poetry dedicated to Africa;
connect literary image with geographical images and concepts together, developing emotional sphere students;
develop a sense of beauty and creative abilities in students.
Based on basic knowledge, we will study the geographical location of Africa and the history of exploration of the continent. Let's get acquainted with some amazing features of the nature of the “ideal continent”.
Develop skills: overlaying maps of various subjects, determining coordinates, orienting on a map, working with additional sources of information.
Fostering such qualities as patriotism, collectivism, pride in the unique natural objects of the Earth, love for nature.
Equipment:
Physical world map;
Physical map of Africa;
Slideshow “Oh! This Africa!
Illustrations on the board;
Audio accompaniment “Sounds of the sea”, “African motives”;
Personal set (table “Records of Africa”, test card, atlas, outline of Africa, pencil, fountain pen, eraser, notebook) geographical maps,
exhibition of books by N. Gumilyov,
exhibition of creative works by students dedicated to Africa.
During the project, students are divided into two groups: literary scholars and geographers.
Introduction
Gumilev - poet of geography...
He perceives the Universe as a living map... he belongs to the Columbus dynasty, - words Yu. Aikhenvald's works fully reflect the worldview of the poet and geographer. The personality of this person is interesting and extraordinary, his biography is fascinating. As for his work, it seems that his contemporaries were not Blok and Mayakovsky, but poets of previous centuries, because his poetry touches on topics far from modernity: the romance of travel, the wind of distant travels, love, chivalry and military valor. It was as if he was late to be born and was in no hurry to the future, remaining himself. He felt good in this world he himself created, which is why his poems are plot-driven and interesting to romantics and restless people, lovers and dreamers. Writer Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin compared him with “a wild and proud bird of passage”
and asserted: “The knight errant, the aristocratic vagabond - he was in love with all eras, countries, professions and positions where human soul blossoms in daring heroic beauty.” These words are the key to understanding the essence of the character of the poet, whose work we are getting acquainted with today. But no one can say more about the poet than he does in his poems. The poetry of Nikolai Gumilyov is a whole independent world, which you can recognize if you read carefully, think about it, correlate time and events, hear the voices of his contemporaries, understand the essence of his extraordinary personality. This man made himself. By nature he was ugly, clumsy, painfully shy and constrained. But failures and sorrows did not bother him, and his character was strengthened in trials. That’s why in his later photographs we see a significant face glowing with nobility. He was able to build his life the way he wanted. He managed to publish several collections of poetry, make many trips abroad (including dangerous African ones), became a recognized literary master, one of the creators of the “Workshop of Poets” and the new literary direction- Acmeism. He fought bravely at the front in 1914 and became a holder of two St. George's Crosses, which were given for exceptional courage. The world that those around him were content with was small and pale for Gumilyov; his soul demanded distances and impressions. Gumilyov's poetry was distinguished by the cult of masculinity; the hero of his poems perceives life as a struggle strong man with tests. Hence Gumilyov’s frequent trips to Africa, hunting, searching for dangers.
Africa healed all mental wounds, and Gumilyov always strove for it. Secretly from his parents, to whom the poet’s friends regularly sent prepared letters, he set off on his first African trip, planning to visit Istanbul, Izmir, Port Said and Cairo. Since then, Africa has occupied an extremely important place in his life and work. She filled his soul with new, unusually sharp impressions, strengthened his self-confidence, and gave him rare sensations and images. During his second trip (1908), Gumilyov visited Egypt, and on his third (1909) he reached Abyssinia.
The most significant was the last, fourth trip. In 1913, a fortunate opportunity arose: the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography wanted to assemble an African collection. The purpose of the trip is to take photographs, collect ethnographic and zoological collections, record songs and legends. The day before departure, Gumilyov fell ill - they decided it was typhus: high fever, severe headache. But two hours before the train left, he asked for water for shaving, shaved, packed his things, drank a glass of tea and cognac and left. Alexei Tolstoy recalled: “Gumilyov brought yellow fever, beautiful poetry, a stuffed black jaguar he killed, and Negro weapons from Africa.”
The book of poems “Tent” is permeated with the spirit of this trip. The collection brought from Africa, according to experts, is in second place in its completeness after the collection collected by Miklouho-Maclay. It is located in the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography.
I go there to touch savage things,
What I once brought from afar,
Smell their strange, familiar and ominous smell,
The smell of incense, animal hair and roses.
Practical stage of the project.
Learning is divided into four creative groups who work independently in accordance with the tasks indicated on the cards. It is important that the children are able to present a vivid story about the poet, read and analyze poetry in ten minutes, therefore, for the best result, responsibilities in the group must be distributed in advance.
GAME-QUIZ "Africa"
1. Who discovered the cape Good Hope, rounded the southern tip of the mainland.
2. Who opened new way to India.
3. Famous traveler, traveled 6354 km from Central Africa to the west coast, and then to the east of mainland Africa. The next journey was 1610 km long, which he undertook along the left bank of the Zambezi River. He gave a description of the “Rattlesmoke” waterfall, later he named it Victoria. He spent about 30 years in Africa, studying its nature.
4. Name a potentially active stratovolcano in northeastern Tanzania, highest point Africa above sea level (Kilimanjaro)
5. How many lithospheric plates is the continent located on? Are there areas of collision with other plates? How do you see the dependence of landforms on structure? earth's crust mainland?
6. A huge mountain range with chains around the mountains and many individual extinct volcanoes. The outlines of the highlands resemble a pear, tapering towards the north. The length to the south is about 1500 km, at its widest point the width of the highland is 900 km.
7. The main source of food for the existence of the population in oases. Provides shade, food, and a source of nutrition.
8. Cultivated plant. An evergreen shrub whose roots are rich in starch.
9. The most amazing plant of the Namib Desert. Called the octopus of the desert. Featured on Namibian stamps.
10. Name a lake that is located in the equatorial region. It is replenished with water evenly throughout the year due to constant rains and deep rivers flowing into it.
11. This river originates on the Lundi plateau, flows about 300 km through the territory of Angola to the west, suddenly turns sharply to the east and, making a huge loop, ends its run at the Indian Ocean, passing 2660 km from its source to its mouth. .
Individual tasks group of geographers:
1. Determine the geographical location of the continent: show Africa, extreme points, emphasize the distance from Russia, trace Gumilyov’s travel routes on the map.
2.Work with reference books:
Using atlas maps, encyclopedic dictionary, students determine that Abyssinia is the second name for the Ethiopian Highlands.
3.What mountainous country do you think these peaks belong to and what explains the presence of snow here?
.Practical work with atlas maps.
By physical map Students determine the geographical object - the Kilimanjaro volcano, its height, and use the climate map to determine the temperature in the area of the volcano. Knowing about the change in temperature with altitude and carrying out calculations, they explain the presence of snow and ice cover on the top of the mountain.
8. What geographical features Sugars like natural object Gumilyov emphasized in these lines?
(Students, using previously acquired knowledge, give a physical and geographical description of the greatest desert in the world, while clarifying what features of nature Gumilev poetically depicted.)
9. Considering inland waters Africa, we turn again to the poems of the poet and geographer Gumilyov. What are the waters of Africa like in the eyes of the poet?
Exercise: find the poem in the text and write it down in your notebook geographical characteristics named water bodies.
(Independent work students)
10.The fauna of Africa is rich and diverse, it amazes with unusual animals, bright, unprecedented birds that you will not find anywhere else.
Group assignments (geography):
In the texts of the proposed verses, find references to animals belonging to various natural areas.
Individual tasks for a group of writers:
1.- how does the poet Gumilyov describe the relief in the poems “Abyssinia”, “Sudan”, “Sahara”?
(Students read and comment on excerpts from the named poems)
2.After his first trip to Africa, Gumilyov’s poems changed - they became deeper and purer. He strove there with all his being, because she alone could heal his wounds. The poet Sahara was especially impressed by the “eternal glory of sand.” Perhaps Sahara is the personification of passion and power. The poet describes it accurately and figuratively.
3. Assignments (literature):
Find comparisons and epithets in the text of the poem. Determine the color and sound perception of the Sahara by the author.
For the poet, the waters of Africa are not just vital objects, but also divine beauty, which is just as necessary for a person to be rich spiritually. The poet writes enthusiastically about her.
4. Poetry competition.
Creative work I study:
Eloquence competition (continue the phrase - make a statement on the topic “Poetry is ....”, Geography is ...”)
Creating a presentation about the deserts and lakes of Africa
Making a video about fauna Africa.
Creation of a video based on the poems “Giraffe”, “Rhinoceros”, “Red Sea”.
Defense of abstracts geographical location Africa and the biography of the poet.
Drawing competition on the fauna and flora of Africa and the creation of illustrations for Gumilyov’s poems.
A reading competition with dramatization elements.
Poetry essay competition.
Trivia and games about Africa
Analysis of poems.
The final stage of the project.
While working on the project, we became convinced that Gumilyov was not only a wonderful poet, but also an inquisitive traveler who led expeditions to Africa. The world of Gumilyov's poetry is surprisingly colorful. The poet not only had a sensitive poetic soul and a rich imagination, but was also a remarkable master who masterfully mastered all the techniques of versification. Poet, traveler, geographer, ethnographer: His work allowed us to take a more imaginative look at the nature of this amazing continent, to see the world through the eyes of a romantic poet, noting the colorfulness and uniqueness of everything that he encountered during his trip to Africa. Indeed, “Gumilyov is a poet of geography: he perceives the universe as a living map: he belongs to the Columbus dynasty.” During his travels around Africa, Gumilev in his poems described interesting picturesque places that he passed by, animals that he saw, an amazing animal showed and flora African continent. We can conclude: that the exotic in Gumilyov’s work was not just a recording of fleeting impressions, of which there were plenty: hunting wild animals, daily risk, rivers infested with crocodiles, that all this was a source of inspiration for the poet, but was also of a research nature. The expedition to Africa was organized by the Academy of Sciences, with the aim of studying the life and life of unexplored tribes, compiling collections of objects of African life. All these objects can be seen in the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography in St. Petersburg.
