ROLAND PETIT is a legendary personality. And not only in the world of ballet. Petit's work was admired both in Hollywood, where he choreographed dances for Fred Astaire, and in largest theaters peace. He was friends with Rudolf Nureyev, met Marlene Dietrich and Greta Garbo, worked with Mikhail Baryshnikov and Maya Plisetskaya.
The choreographer’s relationship with OUR country did not develop right away: in the 60s, the then Minister of Culture Furtseva categorically forbade Petit from bringing his ballet based on Mayakovsky’s poems to Moscow. But Roland Petit still came to Moscow. First with the ballet “The Queen of Spades” with Nikolai Tsiskaridze and Ilze Liepa in the main roles. Last Sunday at Bolshoi Theater The premiere of his new ballet “Cathedral” took place Notre Dame of Paris».
- Several years ago you said that you wanted to stage a ballet on a Russian theme. And they staged “The Queen of Spades” by Pushkin. Why, as soon as we talk about Russia, does everyone immediately remember exclusively the literature of the 19th century - Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Pushkin? But we also had the 20th century with no less powerful writers.
Absolutely the same thing happens when the Russians, the British, the Germans - or anyone! - they start talking about France. First of all, they remember Victor Hugo, Balzac - everyone who created centuries ago. But try to name me at least one of the modern French writers! But we still have great writers today. Michel Tournier, for example. A wonderful writer. Or Margarita Ursenar, who died 20 years ago. Who in the world knows this very talented writer?
Who is the genius?
- IS THERE ANY CONNECTION BETWEEN MONEY AND TALENT? Can a thing that is a commercial success be considered genius?
I think it all depends on luck. Some people managed to create truly masterpieces and at the same time were able to earn a lot of money. Picasso, for example. And Van Gogh, who was no less talented, at the end of his life had nothing to pay for electricity, and he died in complete poverty. Single rule No.
- And in your case?
I confess: I love money! Who doesn't love money? Everyone loves it.
- But they say: “Talent must always be hungry.”
I don't believe in this at all. You know, I'm many years old. And I have enough money. But still, the most important thing for me is not my bank account, but the ballets that I will stage.
- Many talented people paid dearly for ascending to the top of Olympus. The same Nuriev - early death, unhappy personal life. And so - many, many...
I think that Nureyev was very happy man. He just got sick and died early. He was obsessed with dance. One day I asked him, “Don’t you think you need to work a little less?” “No,” he said. - I’ll take care of my health later. In the meantime, I’ll dance.”
One day after a performance I went into his dressing room. Nuriev took off the tights he was dancing in on stage, and I saw that all his legs were covered with plaster from top to bottom. And when the massage therapist began to tear off the patch, the veins along the entire leg immediately swelled up, like hoses overflowing with water. I was scared: how could Nuriev do THIS to his own body? And he just waved his hand: “Oh, nothing, everything is fine!” Only death could stop his dance.
Unfortunately, we cannot say exactly what genius is and where it is hidden in a person. Same Marilyn Monroe. I worked at MGM with Fred Astaire at the same time as Marilyn Monroe. She starred in one rather mediocre film, I don’t even remember the name: “7 Years of Wealth” - something like that. And everyone was perplexed, looking at her: what did the producer find in her, why was there such a stir around her? Personally, I only interacted with her once. She extended her hand to me for a kiss, but I only shook her hand. She was disappointed with my manners: “And I thought that French men always kiss women’s hands.” Then we met several times in the studio canteen, and off the screen she was so simple, so modest, but at the same time glowing like the sun. She wasn't the most beautiful in Hollywood - you could find much more beautiful women than her. And she didn’t star in any films that would shake the foundations of cinema. But, of course, she was touched by genius, because she transformed in front of the camera. And yet, she died young. This is good for a star - it helps to become famous (laughs). You must die either very young or very old.
We don't need this kind of ballet
- THERE IS an opinion that avant-garde ballet is glorified by those who are lazy or who lack the talent to learn classical dance. Do you agree?
I want to tell you about one ballet, it is now performing in France, in Paris. This, as the program says, is an avant-garde ballet. It's called "Snore". And the music consists of a recording of a sleeping person snoring. A beam of light on a dark stage reveals a man; he is apparently sleeping. A woman sits astride him and makes characteristic movements. Then he says (he says! in ballet!): “Oh, how good it is to make love to a sleeping man.” What does everything that happens on stage have to do with dance?!
U classical ballet Today one problem is the lack of choreographers. All the young people say: "Oh, modern ballet so easy to do! I’d rather stage modern dances.” There have never been many classical choreographers in the history of ballet - Petipa, Ivanov, Balanchine, Fokine...
Who are the masters left today? Yuri Grigorovich. But Grigorovich is already the same age as me. Where are the young people? Where?!
- One of the dangers that awaits ballet is a passion for the sporting side of dance. And a competition begins on stage: who can jump higher, who can do more pirouettes. Will ballet turn into a sport in a few years?
Yes, this is possible. But it will be creepy! The other day I looked at the Bolshoi " Swan Lake» with Svetlana Lunkina in leading role. She turns the fouetté - one, two, ten. Why is she doing this?! If she had just gone on stage, struck a pose, shown her beautiful legs, the quality of her ballet work, her intelligence, it would have been much better. You don't have to spin on your head to shock the viewer. If I were more familiar with her, I would advise: “Do two or three rounds - that’s enough!” Because then the circus begins! You sit and think: “Lord! Just don’t fall!”
- Nowadays, many artists in literature and cinema are carried away by creating a different reality - Star Wars, Harry Potter, etc. They invent problems, conflicts. Although in real life at real people there were no fewer conflicts or problems. But for some reason artists don’t notice them. Why?
Or maybe they are not artists? For me, such art does not exist - it is simply a high development of technology and bright pictures.
When my friends say, “I took the kids to Disneyland this weekend,” I don’t understand their excitement. If you took the children to the zoo, they would see how live monkeys jump on the branches. This is much better!
- It seems that Balzac said that it only makes sense to write about death and money, because only this really interests people. What feeling would you add to this list?
I think the most important thing in the world is love. In all its manifestations - to children and wife, to a lover or mistress, simply to the time in which you live.
He danced leading roles in La Sylphide, Carmen, Notre Dame de Paris, staged ballets for Maya Plisetskaya, Mikhail Baryshnikov, Margot Fonteyn, worked in Hollywood with Fred Astaire, knew Marilyn Monroe and Marlene Dietrich, and was friends with Rudolph Nuriyev, about whom he wrote a book of memoirs.
Petit developed a special relationship with Russia: in the 60s, his ballet based on the works of Mayakovsky was banned in the USSR, but later his productions of “The Queen of Spades” and “Notre Dame of Paris” were a resounding success in Moscow, and the first was even awarded the State Russian Federation Prize.
Roland Petit was born in 1924 on January 13 in the family of the owner of a small diner and an Italian woman, Rose Repetto, who later produced ballet shoes and clothes under her name. When the parents separated, the father began raising the future choreographer and great dancer and youngest son Claude. It was at the suggestion of Edmond Petit that nine-year-old Roland, passionate about art, entered the ballet school of the famous Paris Opera, where among his classmates were the later famous Roger Fenonjoie and Jean Babile. Subsequently, the father repeatedly sponsored the productions of his eldest son.
After his studies, young Roland was accepted into the corps de ballet of the Paris Opera, and the beginning of his creative path was marked by a joint performance with Marcel Burga, a very famous dancer in those years. During the Second World War, together with Jeanine Sciarra, he gave several concerts consisting of ballet miniatures, and also presented the first independent production of Ski Jump in his career. Serge Lifar, director of the Paris Opera, entrusted him with the solo role in “Enchantress of Love”, and later continued to work with him outside the Opera, which Petit left in 1944.
Together with young artists, including his future wife Renée (Zizi) Jeanmaire, Petit participated in the weekly ballet evenings of the Sarah Bernhardt Theater, and in 1945 he organized the Ballet of the Champs-Elysees troupe, whose repertoire included both Petit’s and performances by other authors. “The Sleeping Beauty”, “Swan Lake”, “Young Man and Death”, written by Jean Cocteau, were a great success.
Creative differences caused Petit to leave the Ballet des Champs-Élysées in 1947, and already in 1948 he created the Ballet of Paris, a new troupe that also included Rene Jeanmaire, who took the place of prima ballerina. The choreographer staged the famous “Carmen” for her, thanks to which Jeanmère was invited to Hollywood, and Roland went with her.
In 1960, together with director Terence Young, Petit took part in the creation of the ballet film “One, Two, Three, Four, or Black Tights”, in which you can see four productions by the choreographer (“Carmen”, “Cyrano de Bergerac”, “The Adventuress” " and "Mourning Day."), and he himself appears in three roles. After the production of Notre Dame at the Paris Opera in 1965, the choreographer received an invitation to head this theater, but did not remain in the role of director for long.
From 1972, for 26 years, the choreographer directed the Marseille Ballet, which he created, and one of his first works with the new troupe was the ballet about Mayakovsky “Light up the Stars!” And then came “The Death of the Rose” with Plisetskaya, “Proust, or Interruptions of the Heart,” “The Queen of Spades,” “The Phantom of the Opera” and many other deliveries. In total, the choreographer created more than fifty ballets and dance numbers, distinguished by the recognizable handwriting of the author, a variety of styles and techniques.
Speaking about unrecognized geniuses, Roland Petit recalled Van Gogh, who before his death had nothing to pay for electricity. He considered himself a darling of fate: having spent his whole life doing exactly what interested him most, he was appreciated by his contemporaries and was able to fully realize his creative plans.
He became modern classic. His ballets are danced on various stages around the world. They quote him, they learn from his performances...
On July 10, 2011, the French dancer and choreographer, the creator who changed the history of ballet of the 20th century, Roland Petit, passed away.
At the age of 9, in 1933, Roland Petit entered the dance school Paris Opera. 7 years later, at 16, he appears on the stage of the Opera as a corps de ballet dancer. In 1943, Petit was already standing on the middle rung of the ballet hierarchy - he received the rank of soloist, “principal”, above him were “stars” and “premiers”, and below him were “luminaries” and the first corps de ballet. Serge Lifar later wrote that it was he who discovered Petit, giving him a solo role in the ballet “Love the Enchantress.”
Nikolai Tsiskaridze worked with Roland Petit, talks about him:
“Roland Petit is one of the outstanding living classics. In my opinion, this is one of the most interesting and most relevant choreographers. He was very lucky, because he himself and his consciousness were formed, as he himself says, in besieged Paris, where people were forced, due to the fact that there was no entry or exit to Paris, to engage exclusively in art, somehow themselves They had to amuse and entertain themselves.
And during this period he gets into the company greatest people, he meets Jean Cocteau, the legendary secretary of Serge Diaghilev, Boris Kokhno, who opens the way for him to bohemian Paris, where Petit meets the greatest artists of that period, actors, set designers.
Under the influence of Jean Cocteau and Boris Kokhno, Petit left the Parisian opera troupe and founded his own troupe, which was called the “Ballet of the Champs-Elysees”. Before this, he was already beginning to try to stage his individual opuses on the stage of the Sarah Bernhardt Theater - weekly ballet evenings were organized there, where he presented his first choreographic opuses.
He then organizes his own troupe, which includes some of his classmates and friends from the Paris Opera. This group did not last very long, because due to a disagreement with the theater management, Petit was forced to leave this troupe. A little later, he again organizes his own performance and his troupe, which is called “Ballets of Paris”.
Roland Petit. Photo – Agence Bernand From my point of view, as a great choreographer, Roland Petit was born in 1947, when he staged one of the greatest ballets ever staged in the world - this is “Young Man and Death”, the libretto for this performance is made by Jean Cocteau and in general, this is his idea, the creation of this performance. From this day on, a very bright, very famous choreographer Roland Petit.
In 1949, his ballet “Carmen” appeared in London, which was performed in London seven or eight times a week for three months, then this performance moved to Paris, where it ran for two months, then they left for New York , where they also perform this performance for two months. From the day after the production of “Carmen” Roland Petit became an international star. He is invited to different theaters, he stages this play and subsequent ones in different troupes around the world and receives an invitation from Hollywood.
At the end of the 50s, he found himself in Hollywood, where he worked with Fred Astaire and choreographed dances for various films. In particular, one of these films about Hans Christian Andersen, where there is a lot ballet scenes, the film stars his future wife Renee Jeanmer, who went down in history under the name Zizi Jeanmer. And he choreographs a lot for various great Hollywood dancers and works, as he says, with his childhood idol Fred Astaire. He said, “What can I teach you, I have studied with you all my life.” And Fred Astaire said, “No, but I’ll learn from you now.” It was a very interesting collaboration; Roland Petit learned a lot of new things for himself and never gave up his love for revues.
Already when he returned to Europe for his wife, Zizi Jeanmer, he created a lot of programs, revues for the stage and in particular for “Cabaret de Paris”, where his fully staged programs are released every day, and the main star is Zizi Jeanmer. All the sets and costumes for them are made like this greatest artists like Roman Tyrtov, who went down in history as Erte.
In 1965, Petit returned to the famous troupe of the Paris Opera, where he studied, where he once started, and he staged the first performance for the Parisian opera, together with Yves Saint Laurent, who made the costumes. He stages the play “Notre Dame de Paris,” which has the effect of a bomb exploding: the Paris Opera was unusual for this; few people had ever seen such plasticity. Much of what Roland Petit came up with was borrowed from him by other choreographers. This is very easy to prove: if you look at Roland’s biography, in what year he staged what, and what innovations he introduced in general and what works subsequently appeared around the world, then this is clear. Fortunately, Roland is almost entirely recorded.
At the time when he is staging “Notre Dame Cathedral” he is invited to be artistic director, and director of the Paris Opera ballet company, which did not last very long. Because he couldn't come to terms with it and find common language with the stars. He said that he was not interested in this work, and he voluntarily left the walls of the Paris Opera for the second time. And to this day he returns there and stages his performances for this illustrious group.
In 1972, he arrives in Marseille, where he receives complete carte blanche. There Petit is the king and god for everyone, only his will is carried out. In general, he dreamed of such a troupe, and he created it: the ballet in Marseille becomes the second most important troupe in France and has existed for many years. For 26 years he was the director of this group. There, in Marseille, he opens a ballet school at the theater. Under his leadership, a building special for ballet theater. And so, at the end of the 20th century, he left Marseille forever, ceased his directorship and continued his life, staging various performances. Both restoring old ones and installing new ones.
I was incredibly lucky, I was very lucky, because he staged his big, last performance for me and for me at the Bolshoi Theater in 2001, the ballet “The Queen of Spades.” This is where our creative friendship and just friendship in life began. This person is very dear to me and very interesting to me, because you can talk to him on absolutely any topic. And it's always interesting.
In the history of the second half of the 20th century, there is not a single great person - be it an artist, composer, actor, even some scientific luminary - with whom Roland Petit would not collaborate, creating various performances. There are a lot of stories, both funny and sad, but thanks to all of them, those great works that are broadcast all over the world were created.
Roland is characterized by great simplicity in relationships and humor. Without these two components it is unthinkable for me. And all this is very strongly reflected in his work. His choreography is extremely simple. And very often, when I watched some numbers that I had never seen before, I always had the feeling: why didn’t I come up with it or someone nearby? Why is this simple thing did it come to his mind?
He really doesn’t like it when artists change the text or engage in embellishment. Because he always creates not only a very simple and very clear drawing, which very accurately matches the musical accents. Petit very precisely gives the artists directing instructions: in what emotional state it should be performed, with what facial expressions, and where you can extract emotion from yourself and where you can’t.
He allowed only Russian artists to improvise in their choreography. He allowed Maya Plisetskaya to do this, even in the ballet “Proust, or the Break of the Heart” for her, where she also had dance parts, he gave her a special musical moment where she could improvise exactly the way she does. Thank God it's recorded. It was the same with Mikhail Baryshnikov, and with Rudolf Nureyev, and with Ekaterina Maksimova and Vladimir Vasilyev, when he invited them to perform his performances “The Blue Angel”, and we were lucky with Ilze (Ilze Liepa - ed.), but this trust had to be earned.
He refuses to work with many artists and is generally known as a very intractable person. Very often, when he staged his performances, he ordered the music, in particular, as was the case with “Notre Dame Cathedral” or the play “Clavigo”. Specifically, composers who were very popular and relevant at that time... But very often Roland Petit created performances based on an already existing symphonic music. And his approach is always different and individual.
Sometimes he puts on a scene without music, and then tries to put this scene on music. In particular, this is how the play “Young Man and Death” was staged, where the music of Johann Sebastian Bach was used, and where in no case does he allow the artists to focus on musical accents, all the time hinting that the music sounds outside what is happening on stage, this the background exists outside the room where the main characters exist. Or, for example, the play “Proust”. He selected music from different French composers. French composers, who created precisely at the time when Marcel Proust lived.
When we staged “The Queen of Spades” (this performance was based on the pathetic symphony of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky), he allowed himself to swap parts, which, of course, caused great dissatisfaction among everyone music critics and musicians. But he treated all musical accents very carefully. And he watched us very closely to ensure that we fulfilled it.
Initially, when he took Tchaikovsky's music, he took it by Leonard Bernstein. Bernstein performed this symphony differently, in contrast to the tradition that was inherent in Russian performance. When asked why you chose Bernstein, he said that the accents were much clearer here. You can say that he takes some liberties with the music.
When he staged the ballet “Carmen” in 1949 to music for the opera (this was the first time they took the music for the opera “Carmen”, completely redrew it, completely remade it, and staged a ballet), there were also a lot of angry articles by musicologists and musicians who did not want to put up with it, but this performance lives on.
He will soon be 60 years old, and the play is still on to this day. different theaters world and is a resounding success. So, probably, the winners are not judged, perhaps the artist is right.”
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Biography
Roland Petit - son Rose Repetto, founder of a company producing ballet clothing and shoes Repetto , and the owner of the diner (in memory of his work in his father’s restaurant, Petit would later put up a number with a tray). Studied at Paris Opera Ballet School, where his teachers were Gustave Rico and Serge Lifar. After graduation in the year he was enrolled in corps de ballet of the Grand Opera.
Roland Petit is the author of more than fifty ballets and numbers for dancers around the world. Staged performances on best scenes Italy, Germany, England, Canada, Cuba and Russia. His opuses were distinguished by the stylistic and technical diversity of the ballet language. He collaborated with both avant-garde artists and representatives of new realism, including Martial Rice, Jean Tinguely and Niki de Saint Phalle. He worked with fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent (costumes for the ballet “Notre Dame de Paris” and the number “The Death of the Rose”), singer and composer Serge Gainsbourg, sculptor Baldaccini, artists Jean Carzou and Max Ernst. The libretto for Petit was written by Georges Simenon, Jacques Prévert and Jean Anouilh. The music for his ballets was composed by Henri Dutilleux and Maurice Jarre.
The most significant productions
- Rendezvous / Le rendez-vous ()
- Guernica / Guernica
- Youth and Death / Le Jeune Homme et la Mort ()
- Traveling Comedians / Les forains ()
- Carmen / Carmen ()
- Balabile / Ballabile ()
- Wolf / Le loup ()
- Notre Dame Cathedral / Notre-Dame de Paris ()
- Paradise Lost / Paradise Lost ()
- Kraanerg (1969)
- Death of the Rose / La rose malade ()
- Proust, or Heartbeats / Proust, ou Les intermittences du coeur ()
- Fantastic Symphony / Symphony phantastique ()
- Queen of Spades / La Dame de pique ()
- Phantom of the Opera / Le phantom de l'Opéra
- Les amours de Frantz ()
- Blue Angel / The Blue Angel ()
- Clavigo / Clavigo ()
- Paths of Creation / Les chemins de la creation ()
Ballets of Roland Petit in Russia
Memoirs
- J'ai dance sur les flots(, Russian translation)
Recognition and awards
Officer of the National Order of Merit in the Field of Literature and the Arts (), Knight of the Legion of Honor. (), laureate of the main National Award France in the field of literature and art (), laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation for ballet production Queen of Spades at the Bolshoi Theater () and other awards.
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Literature
- Mannoni G. Roland Petit. Paris: L'Avant-Scène ballet/danse, 1984.
- Fiette A. Zizi Jeanmaire, Roland Petit: un patrimoine pour la danse. Paris: Somogy; Genève: Musée d'art et d'histoire; Ville de Genève: Département des affairs culturelles, 2007.
- Chistyakova V. Roland Petit. Leningrad: Art, 1977.
- Arkina N. Theater R. Petit // Theater: magazine. - M., 1974. - No. 11.
Notes
Links
- // Central house actor, presenter - Violetta Mainietse, 2001
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Excerpt characterizing Petit, Roland
“Allez, mon ami, [Go, my friend,” said Princess Marya. Prince Andrey again went to his wife and sat down in the next room, waiting. Some woman came out of her room with a frightened face and was embarrassed when she saw Prince Andrei. He covered his face with his hands and sat there for several minutes. Pathetic, helpless animal groans were heard from behind the door. Prince Andrei stood up, went to the door and wanted to open it. Someone was holding the door.- You can’t, you can’t! – a frightened voice said from there. “He began to walk around the room. The screams stopped and a few seconds passed. Suddenly a terrible scream - not her scream, she could not scream like that - was heard in the next room. Prince Andrei ran to the door; the scream stopped, and the cry of a child was heard.
“Why did they bring the child there? thought Prince Andrei at the first second. Child? Which one?... Why is there a child there? Or was it a baby born? When he suddenly realized all the joyful meaning of this cry, tears choked him, and he, leaning with both hands on the windowsill, sobbed, began to cry, as children cry. The door opened. The doctor, with his shirt sleeves rolled up, without a frock coat, pale and with a shaking jaw, left the room. Prince Andrey turned to him, but the doctor looked at him in confusion and, without saying a word, walked past. The woman ran out and, seeing Prince Andrei, hesitated on the threshold. He entered his wife's room. She lay dead in the same position in which he had seen her five minutes ago, and the same expression, despite the fixed eyes and the paleness of her cheeks, was on that charming, childish face with a sponge covered with black hairs.
“I love you all and have never done anything bad to anyone, so what have you done to me?” her lovely, pitiful, dead face spoke. In the corner of the room, something small and red grunted and squeaked in Marya Bogdanovna’s white, shaking hands.
Two hours after this, Prince Andrei entered his father’s office with quiet steps. The old man already knew everything. He stood right at the door, and as soon as it opened, the old man silently, with his senile, hard hands, like a vice, grabbed his son’s neck and sobbed like a child.
Three days later the funeral service was held for the little princess, and, bidding farewell to her, Prince Andrei ascended the steps of the coffin. And in the coffin was the same face, although with closed eyes. “Oh, what have you done to me?” it said everything, and Prince Andrei felt that something was torn away in his soul, that he was guilty of a guilt that he could not correct or forget. He couldn't cry. The old man also entered and kissed her wax hand, which lay calmly and high on the other, and her face said to him: “Oh, what and why did you do this to me?” And the old man turned away angrily when he saw this face.
Five days later, the young Prince Nikolai Andreich was baptized. The mother held the diapers with her chin while the priest smeared the boy’s wrinkled red palms and steps with a goose feather.
The godfather grandfather, afraid to drop him, shuddering, carried the baby around the dented tin font and handed him over to his godmother, Princess Marya. Prince Andrei, frozen with fear that the child might not be drowned, sat in another room, waiting for the end of the sacrament. He looked joyfully at the child when the nanny carried him out to him, and nodded his head approvingly when the nanny told him that a piece of wax with hairs thrown into the font did not sink, but floated along the font.
Rostov's participation in Dolokhov's duel with Bezukhov was hushed up through the efforts of the old count, and Rostov, instead of being demoted, as he expected, was appointed adjutant to the Moscow governor general. As a result, he could not go to the village with his whole family, but remained with his new position all summer in Moscow. Dolokhov recovered, and Rostov became especially friendly with him during this time of his recovery. Dolokhov lay sick with his mother, who loved him passionately and tenderly. The old woman Marya Ivanovna, who fell in love with Rostov for his friendship with Fedya, often told him about her son.
“Yes, Count, he is too noble and pure of soul,” she used to say, “for our current, corrupted world.” Nobody likes virtue, it hurts everyone's eyes. Well, tell me, Count, is this fair, is this fair on Bezukhov’s part? And Fedya, in his nobility, loved him, and now he never says anything bad about him. In St. Petersburg, they joked about these pranks with the quarterly, because they did it together? Well, Bezukhov had nothing, but Fedya bore everything on his shoulders! After all, what did he endure! Suppose they returned it, but how could they not return it? I think there weren’t many brave men and sons of the fatherland like him there. Well now - this duel! Do these people have a sense of honor? Knowing that he is the only son, challenge him to a duel and shoot so straight! It's good that God had mercy on us. And for what? Well, who doesn’t have intrigue these days? Well, if he is so jealous? I understand, because he could have made me feel it before, otherwise it went on for a year. And so, he challenged him to a duel, believing that Fedya would not fight because he owed him. What baseness! What disgusting! I know you understood Fedya, my dear count, that’s why I love you with my soul, believe me. Few people understand him. This is such a high, heavenly soul!
Dolokhov himself often, during his recovery, spoke to Rostov such words that could not have been expected from him. “They consider me an evil person, I know,” he used to say, “so be it.” I don’t want to know anyone except those I love; but whom I love, I love him so much that I will give my life, and I will crush the rest if they stand on the road. I have an adored, unappreciated mother, two or three friends, including you, and I pay attention to the rest only as much as they are useful or harmful. And almost everyone is harmful, especially women. Yes, my soul,” he continued, “I have met loving, noble, sublime men; but I haven’t met women yet, except for corrupt creatures - countesses or cooks, it doesn’t matter. I have not yet encountered that heavenly purity and devotion that I look for in a woman. If I found such a woman, I would give my life for her. And these!...” He made a contemptuous gesture. “And do you believe me, if I still value life, then I value it only because I still hope to meet such a heavenly being who would revive, purify and exalt me.” But you don't understand this.
“No, I understand very much,” answered Rostov, who was under the influence of his new friend.
In the fall, the Rostov family returned to Moscow. At the beginning of winter, Denisov also returned and stayed with the Rostovs. This first time of the winter of 1806, spent by Nikolai Rostov in Moscow, was one of the happiest and most cheerful for him and for his entire family. Nikolai brought many young people with him to his parents’ house. Vera was twenty years old, a beautiful girl; Sonya is a sixteen-year-old girl in all the beauty of a newly blossoming flower; Natasha is half a young lady, half a girl, sometimes childishly funny, sometimes girlishly charming.
In the Rostov house at that time there was some kind of special atmosphere of love, as happens in a house where there are very nice and very young girls. Every young man who came to the Rostovs’ house, looking at these young, receptive, smiling girlish faces for something (probably at their happiness), at this animated running around, listening to this inconsistent, but affectionate to everyone, ready for anything, hope-filled babble of a woman The youth, listening to these inconsistent sounds, now singing, now music, experienced the same feeling of readiness for love and expectation of happiness, which the youth of the Rostov house themselves experienced.
Among the young people introduced by Rostov, one of the first was Dolokhov, who was liked by everyone in the house, with the exception of Natasha. She almost quarreled with her brother over Dolokhov. She insisted that he angry man that in the duel with Bezukhov Pierre was right, and Dolokhov was to blame, that he was unpleasant and unnatural.
“I don’t understand anything,” Natasha shouted with stubborn willfulness, “he’s angry and without feelings.” Well, I love your Denisov, he was a carouser and that’s all, but I still love him, so I understand. I don’t know how to tell you; He has everything planned, and I don’t like it. Denisova...
“Well, Denisov is a different matter,” answered Nikolai, making him feel that in comparison with Dolokhov, even Denisov was nothing, “you need to understand what kind of soul this Dolokhov has, you need to see him with his mother, this is such a heart!”
“I don’t know this, but I feel awkward with him.” And do you know that he fell in love with Sonya?
On July 10, at the age of 88, Roland Petit, the first of the two great choreographers that France bestowed on the world in the twentieth century, died.
Tatiana Kuznetsova
If Roland Petit did not exist, he would have to be invented. After all, before him, France, a great ballet power, had not had its own world-class choreographers for 75 years, since Arthur Saint-Leon died in 1870. History decreed that Russia and France exchanged talent for almost a hundred years: in the second half of the 19th century, the Frenchman Petipa gave his genius to St. Petersburg, in the first four decades of the 20th century, Russian choreographers repaid their debt to Paris. It is not surprising that, as soon as his native talent loomed on the horizon in the guise of a restless corps de ballet youth from the Paris Opera, he was raised to the shield by all the leaders French culture. This happened during the dark years of the fascist occupation, so national pride triumphed doubly.
The future choreographer was the son of a cook: the owner of a Parisian bistro, Edmond Petit, abandoned by his Italian wife and raising two sons alone, sent the eldest to school at the Paris Opera. From infancy, the nimble boy danced to the orchestra of his father’s bistro, and the liberal father consoled himself with the fact that he would inherit the dynastic profession of a cook. youngest son. Roland graduated from his studies at the age of 16 in 1941 and successfully joined the opera corps de ballet. The troupe was then led by Serge Lifar, a prolific choreographer and ex-premier of Diaghilev’s troupe: he staged ballets in the neoclassical style on sublime mythological subjects and himself danced the main roles in them. Young Petit quickly became bored at the theater, but outside its walls he developed a vigorous activity: he took drama and jazz lessons, together with the same irrepressible and talented peers he organized leftist concerts, independently composing ballet numbers for them.
However, he was lucky to have adults as patrons and co-authors. The sociable young man became a part of the capital's intellectual elite. “The most wonderful artists were locked up in Paris. At the age of 15, I became acquainted with everyone. They helped me a lot, and by the end of the war, the craft of a choreographer was already in my hands,” Petit recalled in an interview with the Kommersant newspaper (see article " Roland Petit worked as a clown" in N170 dated September 19, 2001). Jean Cocteau, Boris Kokhno, Marie Laurencin, Natalya Goncharova, Mikhail Larionov, Pablo Picasso, Jean Marais took care of him: they gave sketches, found subjects, published winning reviews and high-profile announcements. "We have nothing left but ashes from the unforgettable phoenix Sergei Diaghilev, but everyone knows the myth and its meaning. The phoenix died to be resurrected... And here again is the one who gathers artists, choreographers, dancers. Around Roland Petit is the ever-moving mercury gathers into a living sparkling ball" - this is how Jean Cocteau sang in 1945 about the emergence of Roland's own dance troupe, the Ballet des Champs-Elysées. All of Petit’s father’s savings were spent on creating the first independent ballet troupe in France.
Cocteau's enthusiasm is explained by the fact that he and his friends took an active part in the life of the new troupe. Actually, the young choreographer tried to introduce into ballet what the master himself and his associates did in cinema and literature. Thanks to the courage of Petya, who boldly married everyday pantomime and acrobatics with romantic pathos and classical technique dance, modern Paris burst onto the stage. The “new French ballet,” as Parisian intellectuals dubbed this phenomenon, instantly gained overwhelming popularity. This had never been done in the theater: they fought on stage, made love, smoked, stole, cut each other’s throats, pirouetted on tables and threw away chairs that fell under their feet with arabesques. The choreographer recalled (in an interview with the Kommersant newspaper, see the article “Roland Petit: you can’t tell this from the stage” in N204, October 30, 2004): “I staged Rendezvous when I was 20 years old, with Jacques Prévert - he wrote this bloody story. Then there was “Young Man and Death” - two times in a row I did ballets in which women kill a man or force him to commit suicide.”
Femme fatale, fortunately not so bloodthirsty, entered the life of Petit himself. The fact that Zizi Jeanmer, whom Roland knew from school, was his destiny, he realized during the production of “Carmen”. In order to get the main role, the ballerina cut her hair like a boy. This Carmen - an arrogant, capricious, cynical, dissolute, incomprehensible Parisian gamen - was completely irresistible. 60 years later, Roland Petit recalled the time of the production as if he had just left a rehearsal: “When I took on Carmen, Zizi was still dancing at the Paris Opera - all sorts of variations and pas de deux from The Nutcracker, bye-bye, syu-syu. But she danced so that all the men in the hall... I don’t know, maybe it’s too vulgar in Russian, well, in general, everyone was in love with her. And so she says to me: “Who is Carmen. dancing?" - “Oh, I don’t know.” She looks at me. “I,” she says, “dance.” The ballet was a huge success. In Canada it was even banned as pornographic - there was such a scene in the room on the bed, it was just a scandal "Zizi danced Carmen 2 thousand times, and in total the ballet was performed 5.5 thousand times."
The premiere of Carmen took place in London in February 1948 and became a sensation: the ballet ran for four months without interruption in London, two in Paris and three months in the States. 24-year-old Petit was basking in fame. But the global triumph ended in a long-term crisis: over the next 17 years, the choreographer did not stage anything worthwhile.
However, Petit himself did not consider this time a crisis. A gambler, a lover of life, he always did only what he wanted. In those years he staged a lot and indiscriminately. I didn’t remember the failures: just think, the card doesn’t work! He knew how to spin Luck (like the ballet "Wolf") to its fullest. High and low genres did not exist for him: he enjoyed the luxurious life of Hollywood, churning out dances in musicals, and when, after giving birth, his beloved Zizi’s voice emerged and she wanted to sing, he enthusiastically began to build her music hall career. With their songs and dances, the couple made a world tour and delighted Paris with more and more new revues, and the Paris Opera in vain invited the main national choreographer to lead the main national troupe. (It is characteristic that no one offered anything like this to the second great Frenchman, Maurice Bejart, who loudly declared himself in the mid-1950s, which is why the unemployed choreographer went to hospitable Belgium, eventually becoming a Belgian-Swiss national treasure.) Meanwhile, Petit was bargaining with the management of the Paris Opera about the contract and powers, either agreeing to take the post of ballet artistic director (and the Minister of Culture Andre Malraux even announced his name at press conferences), then evading last moment: the wayward and proud favorite of the public was afraid of nomenklatura positions.
In 1965, he finally agreed to try. Introduced to the Paris Opera troupe as a future director, he staged there his main - and only - monumental masterpiece: the two-act Notre-Dame de Paris, with music by Maurice Jarre and costumes by Yves Saint Laurent. The couturier made the medieval crowd brainlessly flamboyant, dressing the women in his favorite mini-trapezes and the men in tights and boxy shirts. And the choreographer once again effortlessly changed the aesthetics of ballet theater. The 1960s burst onto the scene with its minimalism, rebellion and the issue of personal choice. Petit, abolishing a centuries-old tradition love triangle, created an existential triangle: from a despot monk, an aggressive mob and Quasimodo, a lone rebel opposed to the whole world, whose role he himself played at the premiere.
After the resounding success of "Cathedral", immediately recognized as a national classic, Petit fled from the Paris Opera to a variety show. He headed the Casino de Paris, which flourished under his leadership for a whole five years. At the same time as composing frivolous cancans, Petit staged ballets throughout Europe, and in 1972, succumbing to the entreaties of the mayor of Marseille, Gaston Deffer, created an impressive ballet troupe"Ballet of Marseille".
In Marseille, Petit began famously: with a ballet about Vladimir Mayakovsky. He became interested in the poet after meeting Lilya Brik. I read a lot of translations, delved into the biography, together with a professor at the Sorbonne I composed a script and performed at the Avignon Festival the crazy ballet “Light up the Stars!” (in 13 scenes, to the music of Mussorgsky, Prokofiev, Shostakovich and Georgian folk songs), personally dancing Mayakovsky in it. At the premiere in the Papal Palace, the beams of red spotlights darted, banners fluttered, petrels soared, and the audience almost came to blows. Soviet Minister Furtseva, inviting the progressive author on tour, prudently refused the excesses of ballet revolutions, dropping the bossy: “We don’t need such stories here.” The Pink Floyd ballet, a wild improvisation composed by Petit for the young people of the troupe, who were extremely excited by the fact that they were dancing to the “live” music of their idols, did not pass the ministerial censorship: during the performances the group Pink Floyd V in full force rampaged on the platform above the stage.
The Ballet of Marseille came to the USSR with a well-balanced program; it happened in 1974, two years after the spectacular debut in Avignon. However, our country knew about the choreographer Petit long before the arrival of his troupe. Back in 1969, “Cathedral” was brought on tour by the Paris Opera. In 1973, Maya Plisetskaya, the main troublemaker of Soviet ballet, obtained permission to show a fragment from “The Sick Rose” on the Bolshoi stage (she danced the entire ballet in Marseille). Together with the improbably handsome Rudy Briand, she performed the duet “The Death of the Rose” - so mesmerizingly that the hearts of Soviet artists, balletomanes and even cultural officials were instilled with the confidence for a long time that there was no better choreographer in the world than Roland Petit.
However, Petya always had a special attitude towards Russians. As a child, he took lessons from emigrants - from Madame Ruzanne and Boris Knyazev (he performed the Knyazev exercise on the floor until he was 80 years old). Rudolf Nureyev was his friend for many years - Petit staged ballets for him and Margot Fonteyn back in the 1960s. Mikhail Baryshnikov danced his first - unsuccessful - version in Marseille " Queen of Spades". Bolshoi prima Ekaterina Maksimova gave new life his "Blue Angel"; Petit constantly invited Mariinsky theater performer Altynay Asylmuratova to Marseille, until in 1997 he left the troupe he created, once again falling out with the administration.
The Soviet-Russian ballet reciprocated Roland Petit. When our theaters once again reached a dead end, they called the famous master for help. His performances - plot, emotional, acting - were a moderate inoculation of the avant-garde for Soviet ballet. In 1978, “Notre Dame Cathedral” was staged at the Kirov Theater. Ten years later, the Bolshoi showed the unsuccessful Cyrano de Bergerac. At the end of the twentieth century, the Mariinsky Theater took over “Youth and Death” and “Carmen”; however, Petya’s romance with the St. Petersburg people did not work out - the choreographer strongly disliked Prime Minister Farukh Ruzimatov, whom the theater assigned to the main roles against his will.
But with the Bolshoi everything worked out perfectly: it was Petit who invented and staged that exclusive performance that allowed the main state troupe to emerge from a protracted crisis. The new “Queen of Spades” turned out to be a fateful ballet, which began as a risky adventure: the public was greatly frightened when the master fantasized about the mutual passion of the old woman and the young player; Music lovers suffered because of Tchaikovsky's mutilated Sixth Symphony. However, in the end, everything turned out just fine: Hermann became the signature role of Nikolai Tsiskaridze, the beautiful Ilze Liepa turned out to be an unsurpassed old countess, the ballet collected a whole crop of Golden Masks, and, finally, all its creators received the State Prize - Roland Petit became the first foreign its owner. The French laureate has become truly statesman: Even on his 80th birthday, President Putin was the first to congratulate him, and only then did Jacques Chirac send a telegram. They say that Mr. Petit remained in absolute confidence that the French only realized it after the Russians showed attention to him.
The Bolshoi Theater became almost family to Petya: after “The Queen of Spades,” he moved “Notre Dame Cathedral” to Moscow, and a year ago he staged “Young Man and Death” for Ivan Vasiliev, generously showering him with praise after the premiere. Petit sent his new favorite to the Roman Opera to dance his “Arlesiane”, he was busy with staging this ballet in Moscow, and in the fall he was preparing to celebrate the opening of the historical stage after restoration. But he died - somehow very quickly. Just like everything he did in life.