Dangaus kūnas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: engl. celestial body vok. Himmelskörper, m rus. celestial body, n pranc. corps céleste, m … Fizikos terminų žodynas
heavenly body- ▲ material body (to be) in, space celestial bodies body in space. comet. | globules. Perseids. | accretion. ♠ Universe ▼ star… Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language
A celestial body that glows with its own light and appears to earthly observers as a bright point. Earths are scattered throughout the universe over enormous distances, so that we do not notice their own movement. On a clear moonless night, the entire visible sky... ... encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron
Epimetheus, south pole (Cassini image, December 3, 2007) Epimetheus (Greek Επιμηθεύς) is an inner satellite of the satellite system of Saturn also known as Saturn XI. Named after the character Greek mythology Epimethea. In December 1966... ... Wikipedia
Body: In mathematics: Body (algebra) is a set with two operations (addition and multiplication) that has certain properties. Body (geometry) is a part of space limited by a closed surface. Body of the complex Body (physics) ... ... Wikipedia
Noun, s., used. max. often Morphology: (no) what? bodies, what? body, (see) what? body, what? body, about what? about the body; pl. What? bodies, (no) what? tel, what? bodies, (see) what? bodies, what? bodies, about what? about bodies 1. A body is called matter, substance,... ... Dictionary Dmitrieva
body- BODY1, a, plural bodies, bodies, bodies, cf The human or animal body in its external physical forms and manifestations. And he creaked his chair and straightened his two-meter body with feigned languor (Yu. Bond.). Boye [the dog] seemed to have his back broken... ... Explanatory dictionary of Russian nouns
Celestial space and celestial bodies- Nouns MOON/, month/month, half-month/month. A celestial body that is the natural closest satellite of the Earth, glowing at night with the reflected light of the Sun, yellow, less often reddish or white. NOT/BO, heaven/, book. sky/d,… … Dictionary of Russian synonyms
Not to be confused with Meteorite. A meteoroid is a celestial body intermediate in size between interplanetary dust and an asteroid. According to official definition IAU, a meteoroid is a solid object moving in interplanetary space, the size of... ... Wikipedia
Books
- The seventh day, V. Zemlyanin. It seems that the Moon has always been a satellite of the Earth. However, this is not the case. It turns out that this celestial body is spaceship, on which she escaped from the universal cataclysm...
- Secrets of Planet Earth, Yu. V. Mizun, Yu. G. Mizun. The life of humanity depends on the conditions on our planet. But we have little idea of how these conditions are changing, how they may change in the future, and how we will then have to live. And only when...
Astronomy is a science that deals with the study of celestial objects. Considers stars, comets, planets, galaxies, and also does not ignore existing phenomena occurring outside the Earth’s atmosphere, for example,
By studying astronomy, you can get an answer to the question “ Celestial bodies, which glow themselves. What it is?".
Solar system bodies
To find out whether there are those that glow themselves, you first need to understand what celestial bodies the solar system consists of.
The solar system is a planetary system in the center of which there is a star - the Sun, and around it there are 8 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. In order for a celestial body to be called a planet, it must meet the following requirements:
- Make rotational movements around the star.
- Have a spherical shape due to sufficient gravity.
- Do not have other large bodies around its orbit.
- Don't be a star.
Planets do not emit light; they can only reflect the rays of the Sun that fall on them. Therefore, it cannot be said that planets are celestial bodies that glow themselves. Such celestial bodies include stars.
The sun is the source of light on Earth
Celestial bodies that glow themselves are stars. The closest star to Earth is the Sun. Thanks to its light and warmth, all living things can exist and develop. The Sun is the center around which the planets, their satellites, asteroids, comets, meteorites and cosmic dust revolve.
The sun appears to be a solid spherical object because when you look at it, its outline appears quite clear. However, it does not have a solid structure and consists of gases, the main one of which is hydrogen; other elements are also present.
To see that the Sun does not have clear contours, you need to look at it during an eclipse. Then you can notice that it is surrounded by a moving atmosphere, which is several times larger than its diameter. During normal aurora, this halo is not visible due to the bright light. Thus, the Sun does not have precise boundaries and is in a gaseous state.
Stars
The number of existing stars is unknown; they are located at a great distance from the Earth and are visible as small dots. Stars are celestial bodies that glow themselves. What does this mean?
Stars are hot balls consisting of gas in which their surfaces have different temperatures and densities. Stars also differ in size, being larger and more massive than planets. There are stars whose sizes exceed the size of the Sun, and there are also vice versa.
A star consists of gas, mostly hydrogen. On its surface, due to high temperature, the hydrogen molecule breaks down into two atoms. An atom consists of a proton and an electron. However, under the influence of high temperatures, atoms “release” their electrons, resulting in a gas called plasma. An atom left without an electron is called a nucleus.
How do stars emit light?
The star, due to this, tries to compress itself, as a result of which the temperature in its central part rises greatly. As a result, helium begins to form with a new nucleus, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. As a result of the formation of a new nucleus, a large amount of energy is released. Particles-photons are released as excess energy - they also carry light. This light exerts a strong pressure that emanates from the center of the star, resulting in a balance between the pressure emanating from the center and the gravitational force.
Thus, celestial bodies that glow themselves, namely stars, glow due to the release of energy during nuclear reactions. This energy is used to restrain gravitational forces and emit light. The more massive the star, the more energy is released and the brighter the star shines.
Comets
A comet consists of an ice clot containing gases and dust. Its core does not emit light, but when approaching the Sun, the core begins to melt and particles of dust, dirt, and gases are released into outer space. They form a kind of foggy cloud around the comet, which is called a coma.
It cannot be said that a comet is a celestial body that itself glows. The main light it emits is reflected sunlight. Being far from the Sun, the light of the comet is not visible and only when it approaches and receives the sun's rays does it become visible. The comet itself emits a small amount of light, due to the atoms and molecules of the coma, which release the quanta they receive sunlight. The comet's "tail" is "scattering dust" that is illuminated by the Sun.
Meteorites
Under the influence of gravity, solid objects called meteorites can fall onto the surface of the planet. They do not burn up in the atmosphere, but when passing through it they become very hot and begin to emit bright light. Such a luminous meteorite is called a meteor.
Under the pressure of air, a meteor can break into many small pieces. Although it gets very hot, the inside usually remains cold, because for so long a short time, which it falls, does not have time to heat up completely.
We can conclude that celestial bodies that glow themselves are stars. Only they are capable of emitting light due to their structure and the processes occurring inside them. Conventionally, we can say that a meteorite is a celestial body that itself glows, but this becomes possible only when it enters the atmosphere.
Parshakov Evgeniy Afanasyevich
At first glance, all celestial bodies solar system have the most various characteristics. However, all of them can be divided into three large groups according to their composition. One group includes the most dense bodies of the Solar System, with a density of about 3 g/cm3 or more. These include primarily the terrestrial planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. This same group of celestial bodies includes some large satellites of the planets: the Moon, Io, Europa and, apparently, Triton, as well as a number of small satellites located near their planet - Phobos, Deimos, Amalthea, etc.
The fact that the most dense bodies of the Solar System include celestial bodies located close to the central body around which they orbit is far from accidental. In addition to the fact that terrestrial planets are located near the Sun, which heats their surface and thereby promotes the dissipation of not only gas but also ice components from the surface and atmosphere of celestial bodies, in addition to this, the dissipation of light matter is also facilitated by the transfer of mechanical energy through the mechanism of tidal friction into thermal energy. The tidal friction caused in the bodies of celestial bodies by the central body is stronger the closer they are to it. This partly explains the fact that Jupiter’s closest satellites Io and Europa have a density of 3.5 and 3.1 g/cm3, respectively, while the more distant, although more massive, satellites Ganymede and Callisto have a much lower density, 1.9 and 1.8 g/cm3. This also explains the fact that all close satellites of planets revolve around their planets synchronously, i.e. are always turned to them with one side, so that their periods of axial rotation are equal to the periods of orbital rotation. However, tidal friction, which contributes to the heating of the interiors of celestial bodies and an increase in their density, is caused not only by the central bodies of their satellites, but also by the satellites of the central bodies, as well as by some celestial bodies of others belonging to the same class: by the satellites of others, most of all from loved ones, satellites, planets from other planets.
Celestial bodies that have a high density can be called silicate celestial bodies, meaning that the main component in them is the silicate component (stone-metal rocks), which consists of the heaviest and refractory substances: silicon, calcium, iron, aluminum, magnesium, sulfur and many other elements and their compounds, including mainly oxygen. Along with the silicate component, many celestial bodies of this group contain ice (water ice, water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen) and very few gas (hydrogen, helium) components. But their share in the total composition of the substance is insignificant. The silicate component, as a rule, makes up over 99% of the substance.
The group of silicate celestial bodies of the Solar System includes not only four planets and a dozen satellites of planets, but big number asteroids orbiting in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. The number of asteroids, the largest of which are Ceres, Pallas, Vesta, Hygiea, etc., amounts to tens of thousands (according to some sources - hundreds of thousands and even millions).
Another group of celestial bodies includes icy bodies, the main component of which is the icy component; this is the largest group of celestial bodies in the Solar System. This is the only one of known planets Pluto and many still undiscovered transplutonian planets, large satellites of the planets: Ganymede, Callisto, Titan, Charon, and also, apparently, two to three dozen other satellites. This group includes all comets, the number of which in the Solar System amounts to many millions, and perhaps billions.
This group of celestial bodies is the main group of celestial bodies in the Solar System and, apparently, in the entire Galaxy. Beyond Pluto, as many researchers believe, there are other planets. Surely they are right. Icy celestial bodies are the most numerous and basic group of celestial bodies in the Solar System as, undoubtedly, in all other star-planetary systems, from the smallest to the largest.
The icy bodies of the Solar System consist mainly of an icy component: water ice, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, ammonia, methane, etc., which occupies the bulk of their matter in icy bodies. The remaining, insignificant part of the ice bodies is mainly the silicate component. The specific gravity of the gas component in icy celestial bodies, as well as in silicate bodies, is extremely insignificant, which is explained by their relatively small mass, as a result of which they cannot long time keep light gases near its surface - hydrogen and helium, which are scattered in interplanetary space, with the possible exception of planets far from the Sun, on the surface of which there is a very low temperature.
Small icy celestial bodies - comets - are located not only on the periphery of the Solar system, beyond Pluto. A large number of comets are apparently located between the orbits of the giant planets.
The third, smallest, but most massive group of bodies in the Solar System is made up of celestial bodies, which include large quantities includes all three components: ice, silicate and gas. This group includes only five celestial bodies of the solar system: the Sun, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. All these bodies contain a lot of hydrogen and helium, but their proportion in these bodies is different. During the formation of gas bodies, if they are called that, they, having a mass of less than 10 Earth masses at the first stage of their development, could not hold light gases near themselves - hydrogen and helium, and were initially formed as ice bodies. And their composition at this stage included ice and silicate components. A significant part of the gas component, which gaseous celestial bodies acquired during galactic winters, was converted through chemical reactions into an ice component. So hydrogen and oxygen, entering into chemical reaction, generate water and water ice. Methane and some other substances of the ice component emerged from the gas component. As a result, the share of the ice component during the accretion of diffuse matter onto the surface of celestial bodies increased, and the share of the gas component decreased.
Giant planets, unlike other celestial bodies, have rapid axial rotation and an extensive hydrogen-helium atmosphere. As a result, in their equatorial part, light gases may leak into interplanetary space from the upper layers of the atmosphere due to high centrifugal force. For example, at Saturn the upper layers of the cloud layer rotate around the center of the planet with linear speed about 10 km/sec., and near the Earth - only about 0.5 km/sec. It can be assumed that earlier, during galactic winters, the giant planets had much more powerful and extensive atmospheres, but then, after the end of the next galactic winter, they partially lost them. If icy and silicate celestial bodies lose their gas component due to their low mass, then gas planets, especially Jupiter, lose it due to their rapid rotation.
The content of the article:
Celestial bodies are objects located in the Observable Universe. Such objects can be natural physical bodies or their associations. All of them are characterized by isolation, and also represent a single structure connected by gravity or electromagnetism. Astronomy studies this category. This article brings to your attention the classification of celestial bodies of the Solar System, as well as a description of their main characteristics.
Classification of celestial bodies of the Solar System
Each celestial body has special characteristics, for example, the method of generation, chemical composition, sizes, etc. This makes it possible to classify objects by combining them into groups. We will describe what celestial bodies there are in the Solar System: stars, planets, satellites, asteroids, comets, etc.
Classification of celestial bodies of the Solar System by composition:
- Silicate celestial bodies. This group celestial bodies is called silicate, because. the main component of all its representatives are stone-metal rocks (about 99% of the total body mass). The silicate component is represented by such refractory substances as silicon, calcium, iron, aluminum, magnesium, sulfur, etc. Ice and gas components (water, ice, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, hydrogen helium) are also present, but their content is negligible. This category includes 4 planets (Venus, Mercury, Earth and Mars), satellites (Moon, Io, Europa, Triton, Phobos, Deimos, Amalthea, etc.), more than a million asteroids orbiting between the orbits of two planets - Jupiter and Mars (Pallada , Hygiea, Vesta, Ceres, etc.). The density indicator is from 3 grams per cubic centimeter or more.
- Icy celestial bodies. This group is the largest in the Solar System. The main component is the ice component (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water ice, oxygen, ammonia, methane, etc.). The silicate component is present in smaller quantities, and the gas volume is extremely insignificant. This group includes one planet Pluto, large satellites (Ganymede, Titan, Callisto, Charon, etc.), as well as all comets.
- Combined celestial bodies. The composition of representatives of this group is characterized by the presence of all three components in large quantities, i.e. silicate, gas and ice. Celestial bodies with a combined composition include the Sun and the giant planets (Neptune, Saturn, Jupiter and Uranus). These objects are characterized by rapid rotation.
Characteristics of the star Sun
The sun is a star, i.e. is an accumulation of gas with incredible volumes. It has its own gravity (an interaction characterized by attraction), with the help of which all its components are held. Inside any star, and therefore inside the Sun, thermonuclear fusion reactions occur, the product of which is colossal energy.
The sun has a core around which a radiation zone is formed, where energy transfer occurs. Next comes the convection zone, in which magnetic fields and movements of solar matter arise. Visible part The Sun can be called the surface of this star only conditionally. A more correct formulation is the photosphere or sphere of light.
The gravity inside the Sun is so strong that it takes hundreds of thousands of years for a photon from its core to reach the surface of the star. Moreover, its path from the surface of the Sun to the Earth is only 8 minutes. The density and size of the Sun make it possible to attract other objects in the solar system. The acceleration of gravity (gravity) in the surface zone is almost 28 m/s 2 .
The characteristics of the celestial body of the star Sun have the following form:
- Chemical composition. The main components of the Sun are helium and hydrogen. Naturally, the star includes other elements, but their specific gravity is very negligible.
- Temperature. The temperature varies significantly in different zones, for example, in the core it reaches 15,000,000 degrees Celsius, and in the visible part - 5,500 degrees Celsius.
- Density. It is 1.409 g/cm3. The highest density is noted in the core, the lowest - on the surface.
- Weight. If we describe the mass of the Sun without mathematical abbreviations, the number will look like 1.988.920.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 kg.
- Volume. Full meaning- 1.412.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 cubic kilograms.
- Diameter. This figure is 1,391,000 km.
- Radius. The radius of the Sun star is 695500 km.
- Orbit of a celestial body. The sun has its own orbit, which runs around the center of the Milky Way. A complete revolution takes 226 million years. Scientists' calculations have shown that the speed is incredibly high - almost 782,000 kilometers per hour.
Characteristics of the planets of the solar system
Planets are celestial bodies that orbit around a star or its remnants. Heavy weight allows planets to become round under the influence of their own gravity. However, the size and weight are not sufficient to initiate thermonuclear reactions. Let us examine in more detail the characteristics of the planets using examples of some representatives of this category that are part of the Solar System.
Mars ranks second in terms of study among the planets. It is the 4th farthest from the Sun. Its dimensions allow it to take 7th place in the ranking of the most voluminous celestial bodies in the Solar System. Mars has an inner core surrounded by an outer liquid core. Next is the silicate mantle of the planet. And after the intermediate layer comes the crust, which has different thicknesses in different parts of the celestial body.
Let's take a closer look at the characteristics of Mars:
- Chemical composition of a celestial body. The main elements that make up Mars are iron, sulfur, silicates, basalt, and iron oxide.
- Temperature. The average is -50°C.
- Density - 3.94 g/cm3.
- Weight - 641.850.000.000.000.000.000.000 kg.
- Volume - 163.180.000.000 km 3.
- Diameter - 6780 km.
- Radius - 3390 km.
- Gravity acceleration is 3.711 m/s 2 .
- Orbit. It runs around the Sun. It has a rounded trajectory, which is far from ideal, because V different time the distance of a celestial body from the center of the solar system is different indicators- 206 and 249 million km.
Pluto has the following characteristics:
- Compound. The main components are stone and ice.
- Temperature. The average temperature on Pluto is -229 degrees Celsius.
- Density - about 2 g per 1 cm3.
- The mass of the celestial body is 13.105.000.000.000.000.000.000 kg.
- Volume - 7,150,000,000 km 3 .
- Diameter - 2374 km.
- Radius - 1187 km.
- Gravity acceleration is 0.62 m/s 2 .
- Orbit. The planet revolves around the Sun, but the orbit is characterized by eccentricity, i.e. in one period it moves away to 7.4 billion km, in another it approaches 4.4 billion km. The orbital speed of the celestial body reaches 4.6691 km/s.
Main characteristics of Uranus:
- Chemical composition. This planet is made up of a combination chemical elements. In large quantities it includes silicon, metals, water, methane, ammonia, hydrogen, etc.
- Temperature of a celestial body. The average temperature is -224°C.
- Density - 1.3 g/cm3.
- Weight - 86.832.000.000.000.000.000.000 kg.
- Volume - 68,340,000,000 km 3 .
- Diameter - 50724 km.
- Radius - 25362 km.
- Gravity acceleration is 8.69 m/s2.
- Orbit. The center around which Uranus revolves is also the Sun. The orbit is slightly elongated. The orbital speed is 6.81 km/s.
Characteristics of satellites of celestial bodies
A satellite is an object located in the Visible Universe, which orbits not around a star, but around another celestial body under the influence of its gravity and along a certain trajectory. Let us describe some satellites and characteristics of these cosmic celestial bodies.
Deimos, the satellite of Mars, which is considered one of the smallest, is described as follows:
- Shape - similar to a triaxial ellipsoid.
- Dimensions - 15x12.2x10.4 km.
- Weight - 1.480.000.000.000.000 kg.
- Density - 1.47 g/cm3.
- Compound. The satellite's composition mainly includes rocky rocks and regolith. There is no atmosphere.
- Gravity acceleration is 0.004 m/s 2 .
- Temperature - -40°C.
Characteristics of Callisto:
- The shape is round.
- Diameter - 4820 km.
- Weight - 107.600.000.000.000.000.000.000 kg.
- Density - 1.834 g/cm3.
- Composition - carbon dioxide, molecular oxygen.
- Gravity acceleration is 1.24 m/s 2 .
- Temperature - -139.2°C.
Consider the characteristics of Oberon:
- The shape is round.
- Diameter - 1523 km.
- Weight - 3.014.000.000.000.000.000.000 kg.
- Density - 1.63 g/cm3.
- Composition: stone, ice, organic matter.
- Gravity acceleration is 0.35 m/s 2 .
- Temperature - -198°C.
Characteristics of asteroids in the Solar System
Asteroids are large blocks of rock. They are mainly located in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Jupiter and Mars. They can leave their orbits towards the Earth and the Sun.
A striking representative of this class is Hygiea, one of the largest asteroids. This celestial body is located in the main asteroid belt. You can even see it with binoculars, but not always. It is clearly visible during the perihelion period, i.e. at the moment when the asteroid is at the point of its orbit closest to the Sun. Has a dull dark surface.
Main characteristics of Hygeia:
- Diameter - 4 07 km.
- Density - 2.56 g/cm3.
- Weight - 90.300.000.000.000.000.000 kg.
- Gravity acceleration is 0.15 m/s 2 .
- Orbital speed. The average value is 16.75 km/s.
Matilda's main characteristics are:
- Diameter is almost 53 km.
- Density - 1.3 g/cm3.
- Weight - 103.300.000.000.000.000 kg.
- Gravity acceleration is 0.01 m/s 2 .
- Orbit. Matilda completes its orbit in 1,572 Earth days.
This asteroid has an iron-nickel core covered by a rocky mantle. The largest crater on Vesta is 460 km long and 13 km deep.
Let us list the main physical characteristics of Vesta:
- Diameter - 525 km.
- Weight. The value is in the range of 260,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg.
- Density is about 3.46 g/cm 3 .
- Gravity acceleration - 0.22 m/s 2 .
- Orbital speed. The average orbital speed is 19.35 km/s. One revolution around the Vesta axis takes 5.3 hours.
Characteristics of comets of the Solar system
A comet is a celestial body of small size. The orbits of comets pass around the Sun and have an elongated shape. These objects, approaching the Sun, form a trail consisting of gas and dust. Sometimes he remains in the form of a coma, i.e. a cloud that stretches over a huge distance - from 100,000 to 1.4 million km from the comet's nucleus. In other cases, the trace remains in the form of a tail, the length of which can reach 20 million km.
Halley is a celestial body of a group of comets, known to mankind since ancient times, because it can be seen with the naked eye.
Characteristics of Halley:
- Weight. Approximately equal to 220,000,000,000,000 kg.
- Density - 600 kg/m3.
- The period of revolution around the Sun is less than 200 years. The approach to the star occurs in approximately 75-76 years.
- Composition: frozen water, metal and silicates.
Composition of the comet: deuterium (heavy water), organic compounds (formic, acetic acid, etc.), argon, crypto, etc. The period of revolution around the Sun is 2534 years. Reliable data about physical characteristics this comet does not exist.
Comet Tempel is famous for being the first comet to have a probe brought to its surface from Earth.
Characteristics of Comet Tempel:
- Weight - within 79,000,000,000,000 kg.
- Dimensions. Length - 7.6 km, width - 4.9 km.
- Compound. Water, carbon dioxide, organic compounds, etc.
- Orbit. It changes as the comet passes near Jupiter, gradually decreasing. Latest data: one revolution around the Sun is 5.52 years.
Over the years of studying the solar system, scientists have collected a lot interesting facts about celestial bodies. Let's consider those that depend on chemical and physical characteristics:
- The largest celestial body in terms of mass and diameter is the Sun, Jupiter is in second place, and Saturn is in third place.
- The greatest gravity is inherent in the Sun, second place is occupied by Jupiter, and third place by Neptune.
- Jupiter's gravity promotes active attraction space debris. Its level is so great that the planet is capable of pulling debris from Earth's orbit.
- The hottest celestial body in the solar system is the Sun - this is no secret to anyone. But the next indicator of 480 degrees Celsius was recorded on Venus - the second planet farthest from the center. It would be logical to assume that second place should go to Mercury, whose orbit is closer to the Sun, but in fact the temperature there is lower - 430°C. This is due to the presence of Venus and the lack of an atmosphere on Mercury that can retain heat.
- Uranus is considered the coldest planet.
- To the question of which celestial body has the greatest density within the Solar System, the answer is simple - the density of the Earth. In second place is Mercury, and in third is Venus.
- The trajectory of Mercury's orbit ensures that the length of a day on the planet is equal to 58 Earth days. The duration of one day on Venus is equal to 243 Earth days, while a year lasts only 225.
Studying the characteristics of celestial bodies allows humanity to make interesting discoveries, substantiate certain patterns, and also expand general knowledge about the Universe.
>Deep space objects
Explore objects of the universe with photos: stars, nebulae, exoplanets, star clusters, galaxies, pulsars, quasars, black holes, dark matter and energy.
Over the centuries, millions human eyes with the onset of night they direct their gaze upward - towards the mysterious lights in the sky - stars of our Universe. Ancient people saw various figures of animals and people in clusters of stars, and for each of them they created their own story.
Exoplanets- These are planets located outside the solar system. Since the first discovery of an exoplanet in 1992, astronomers have discovered more than 1,000 such planets in planetary systems around the Milky Way galaxy. Researchers believe they will find many more exoplanets.
Word " nebula" comes from the Latin word for clouds. In fact, a nebula is a cosmic cloud of gas and dust floating in space. More than one nebula is called a nebula. Nebulae are the basic building blocks of the Universe.
Some stars are part of an entire group of stars. Most of them are binary systems, where two stars orbit around their common center of mass. Some are part of a triple star system. And some stars are simultaneously part of a larger group of stars, which is called “ star cluster».
Galaxies are large groups of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity. They can vary greatly in size and shape. Most objects in space are parts of some galaxy. These are stars with planets and satellites, asteroids, black holes and neutron stars, nebulae.
Pulsars are considered one of the strangest objects in the entire Universe. In 1967, at the Cambridge Observatory, Jocelyn Bell and Anthony Hewish studied the stars and found something completely extraordinary. It was a very star-like object that seemed to be emitting rapid pulses of radio waves. The existence of radio sources in space has been known for quite some time.
Quasars are the most distant and brightest objects in the known Universe. In the early 1960s, scientists identified quasars as radio stars because they could be detected using a strong source of radio waves. In fact, the term quasar comes from the words “quasi-stellar radio source.” Today many astronomers call them QSOs in their writings
Black holes, undoubtedly the strangest and most mysterious objects V space. Their bizarre properties can challenge the laws of physics of the Universe and even the nature of existing reality. To understand what black holes are, we must learn to think outside the box and use a little imagination.
Dark matter And dark energy- this is something that is not visible to the eye, but their presence has been proven through observations of Universe. Billions of years ago, our Universe was born after a catastrophic Big Bang. As the early Universe slowly cooled, life began to develop within it. As a result, stars, galaxies and other visible parts of it were formed.
Most of us are familiar with the stars, planets and satellites. But besides these well-known celestial bodies, there are many other amazing sights. There are colorful nebulae, wispy star clusters and massive galaxies. Add to this the mysterious pulsars and quasars, black holes that absorb all matter that passes too close. And now try to identify the invisible substance known as dark matter. Click on any image above to learn more about it or use the menu above to navigate your way through celestial objects.
Watch the Universe video to better understand the nature of fast radio bursts and the characteristics of interstellar dust.
Fast radio bursts
Astrophysicist Sergei Popov about rotating radio transients, the SKA telescope system and microwaves at the observatory:
Interstellar dust
Astronomer Dmitry Vibe on interstellar reddening of light, modern models of cosmic dust and its sources:
Our Universe contains an amazing variety of cosmic objects called celestial bodies or astronomical objects. However, it's worth noting that most of visible deep space consists of empty space - a cold, dark void inhabited by a number of celestial bodies that range from the common to the strange. Known to astronomers as celestial objects, celestial bodies, astronomical objects and astronomical bodies, they are the material that fills the empty space of the Universe. In our list of deep space celestial bodies you can get acquainted with various objects (stars, exoplanets, nebulae, clusters, galaxies, pulsars, black holes, quasars), and also receive photos of these celestial bodies and the surrounding space, models and diagrams with detailed descriptions and characteristics of the parameters.