Epidemiology, clinic of infections that have an epidemic nature of spread, severe complicated course (HIV infection, influenza, diphtheria, viral hepatitis, etc.), as well as diseases that are not well known to a wide circle doctors (hemorrhagic fevers, Lyme disease, campylobacteriosis and helicobacteriosis, chlamydial and mycoplasma infections, etc.). Particular attention is paid to early diagnosis, first aid, outpatient treatment, and medical examination. In preparing the guidelines, the authors used many years of experience in clinical and teaching practice, as well as the results scientific research.
The guide is intended for doctors general practice(GPs), infectious disease specialists, epidemiologists, as well as practicing doctors of many other specialties.
Preface
The reform of the domestic healthcare system involves bringing medical care closer to the patient at the prehospital stage. Huge number clinics built in past years, thousands of trained doctors and nurses have not significantly improved the quality of diagnosis and treatment. The local therapist, who has a heavy workload and does not have a modern material and technical base, has turned into a dispatcher, referring the patient either to “narrow” specialists or for hospitalization. The doctor shared responsibility for the patient with many specialists, as a result, his qualifications decreased, he fell professional interest and prestige.
This became especially unacceptable during the period of healthcare reorganization and the introduction of compulsory health insurance, primarily in St. Petersburg and Moscow.
The developed health care restructuring program takes into account the entire complex of conditions of existence of an individual, family, team, and society. It covers all factors influencing the health of the population: the contribution of healthcare and medicine (8.5-10%), lifestyle (50%), heredity (20%), condition environment(20%). In this regard, there is a need to change the role of the local therapist in the healthcare system.
We came to the conclusion that the prototype of the doctor new formation should become a medical worker who existed in Russia in pre-revolutionary times, who was the prototype literary heroes A.P. Chekhova - zemstvo doctor. This conclusion is confirmed by extensive foreign experience.
In reality, general practitioners and nurses will appear in their workplaces in a few years, since their serious training is required. But training has already begun medical workers according to specially developed programs. In these programs special attention focuses not only on pathology, but also on prevention.
Infectious diseases, as in previous years, continue to occupy one of the leading places among human diseases. Remain current problems viral hepatitis, acute intestinal infections. Long-forgotten diphtheria has returned from past years, new infections caused by herpes viruses, Borrelia, chlamydia, etc. have become widespread, and AIDS poses a threat to humanity. In the context of socio-economic changes that led to the stratification of society, the emergence large number socially unprotected people, many infectious diseases have become severe, often fatal.
Modern advances in virology, immunology, and applied pharmacology have allowed infectious disease specialists to reconsider their views on the etiology and pathogenesis of many diseases and achieve certain successes in treatment.
However, the idea that infectious diseases should be known primarily by infectious disease specialists is incorrect. General practitioners are the first to see infectious patients. It is on their qualifications that the early recognition of infection, the determination of the correct therapeutic tactics, the organization of anti-epidemic measures, and ultimately the fate of the patient and the well-being of the people around him depend. This is confirmed by the high daily mortality rate in infectious diseases hospitals, reaching 30% of all deceased patients.
The authors considered it necessary to consolidate the syndromic approach to diseases detailed description nosological forms, especially those that have now acquired epidemiological significance, have received new interpretation or are little known to a wide range of clinicians.
Modern data on the structure of viral hepatitis, herpesvirus, HIV infections, Lyme disease, diphtheria, Flexner's dysentery will help general practitioners solve specific clinical problems.
The authors, heads of the infectious disease service of St. Petersburg, are well aware of the needs of practical healthcare; they have extensive experience in optimizing and improving infection control measures, which is reflected in the book. Methodical recommendations on acute intestinal infections, viral hepatitis, Lyme disease, diphtheria and others, developed by leading experts and approved by the Health Committee of the St. Petersburg City Hall, were organically included in the structure of the book and are unique feature publications
The book is intended for general practitioners, pediatricians, and therapists. It can be used by infectious disease specialists, gastroenterologists, dermatologists, neurologists, rheumatologists and other specialists.
Director of the Federal Research Institute of Medical Problems of Health Development of the Ministry of Health and Medical Industry of the Russian Federation V. A. Polessky
HEALTH CODE FOR GENERAL PRACTICE DOCTORS
Rehabilitation of Hygea
One of our prominent scientists noted: “98% of all diseases can be classified as infectious. If you think about it, 99.8%. But if you think about it, it’s 100%.” Undoubtedly, this is an exaggeration, but there is a fair amount of truth in the scientist’s words.
What does it consist of? Any disease is a sign of weakening of the human body. Against the background of weakened immunity, infection occurs especially easily; which organ or system will be affected is determined by a set of etiological factors.
At the same time, it is quite difficult for infections to develop in a healthy body. A healthy body is, first of all, a healthy immune system. Immunity supported in a healthy way life.
These common truths have to be reminded to the future general practitioner for the reason that modern medicine has a bias towards sanology, i.e. towards the concept of the body’s fight against disease, to the detriment of the direction which is based on the formation, strengthening and preservation of health, i.e. e. valeology. However, the only fruitful approach is to combine sanology with valeology. The ancient Greeks understood this very well, and it was not for nothing that their goddess of health bore the name Hygeia. You can remember earlier times - about 2000 BC. e. Already during this period, laws aimed at protecting health were formulated in Mesopotamia, i.e., laws regulating the hygienic principles of improving the health of the population. Over time, Hygeia as a symbol of medicine was practically supplanted by the second daughter of Asclepius Panacea, and the role of hygiene was reduced only to protecting the body from factors unfavorable to health external environment.
Today, world medical science has moved far away from the primitive interpretation of health as the absence of disease. The preamble to the constitution of the World Health Organization states: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
IN recent years WHO has been quite successful in promoting simple formula: “healthier choices are easier choices.” The WHO European Bureau developed and largely implemented the Healthy Lifestyle program.
The idea of lifestyle as a factor determining health took shape in the early 80s as a concept based both on the results of epidemiological studies and on advances in the field of social sciences. The concept of “lifestyle as a determinant of health” has been adopted as one of the cornerstones of the WHO Europe program.
This philosophy of health should become the main one for the future general practitioner. The time of the healers pure form becomes a thing of the past. The time is coming for the rehabilitation of Hygiea, that is, a qualitatively different approach to protecting people’s health and to the very idea of prevention. It is the general practitioner who becomes the key figure here. According to Academician N.M. Amosov, “to be healthy, you need your own efforts, constant and significant. Nothing can replace them." The general practitioner can and should initiate these efforts and give them the right direction. Observing not only adults, but also children, he gets
a unique opportunity to instill in people’s minds the need for a healthy lifestyle at a very early age.
Having designated this important aspect, we are moving on to the practical prevention of infectious diseases, taking into account the important changes that the socio-economic realities of the present time introduce into it.
Social roots of infectious diseases
It is well known that social upheavals, especially wars, which always entail economic distress, lead to the widespread spread of epidemic diseases. History knows a lot of examples of this. Let us recall at least the period of the Great Troubles in Rus', the catastrophic drought in Russia in late XIX century and the cholera that accompanied it or the “rash” of the Civil War.
A similar, although not so catastrophic, situation is observed in modern Russia. Diseases such as HIV infection, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, syphilis, and gonorrhea are gaining dangerous growth.
Naturally, the increasing proportion of infectious diseases requires improved training of specialists who meet the requirements of the day. The training of infectious disease doctors in Russia should have an incomparably larger volume and a significantly different orientation than, for example, in such a socially and, therefore, epidemiologically prosperous country as Sweden. There is no doubt that in the training of general practitioners, infections should occupy a place appropriate to the situation.
The picture of infectious morbidity in Russia has changed not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively. The situation with a disease such as diphtheria is especially indicative. If in the 50s of the 20th century Leningrad medical students had only a theoretical opportunity to become acquainted with it (there was not a single patient in the city for demonstration), then in the 90s the incidence rate of diphtheria in the city was 51 per 100,000 people. In 1993 alone, 2,556 people fell ill with diphtheria in St. Petersburg, of which 56 died, including children. All those who died either were not vaccinated (children) or were not revaccinated (adults). In total in the city at the end of 1993. 50% of children were vaccinated, whereas according to WHO standards, at least 90% should be vaccinated. A sociological survey showed that the population:
a) does not know about the diphtheria epidemic;
b) is afraid of contracting AIDS during vaccination;
c) does not find time to get vaccinated;
d) is afraid of complications.
In the latter, a serious negative role was played by the press, which contained information that it was better not to vaccinate against diphtheria, since the domestic vaccine is of poor quality, has too many contraindications, weakens the immune system, etc., and forced vaccination violates human rights. But ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being in the country is precisely aimed at respecting human rights!
Study social status cases of diphtheria made it possible to distinguish three main categories among them - children preschool age, schoolchildren and non-working pensioners. Children were unvaccinated due to the active resistance of their parents, and non-working pensioners, unlike the working population, fell out of the scope of attention of infectious disease specialists.
Unfortunately, infectious disease specialists cannot reach every family, and all hope lies with the general practitioner. It is his responsibility to dispel the above-mentioned misconceptions, as well as to ensure that all his patients are vaccinated.
Another side of the problem, which has pronounced social roots, is the sharply increased alcoholization of the population. Among the residents of St. Petersburg who died from diphtheria in 1993, 80% were people suffering from alcoholism, who were characterized not only by a general weakening of the body, but also, due to a frivolous attitude towards their health, late visits to the doctor. About 80% are alcoholics and among the residents of St. Petersburg, dying from dysentery and viral hepatitis. They, due to their promiscuity in intimate relationships, are most at risk of sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonorrhea and syphilis, which in turn open the gates to HIV infection.
Anti-alcohol propaganda is a difficult and most often thankless task because it is impersonal. But she can acquire a qualitatively different emotional coloring, if a general practitioner, in a patient’s usual home environment, in a confidential conversation, using specific (and therefore more intelligible) examples of the death of patients with alcoholism from diphtheria, dysentery or viral hepatitis, conveys to a specific, individual person what his addiction can lead to .
Another particularly dangerous social origin infectious diseases is the so-called sexual revolution (or, as defined by sexologist L.M. Shcheglov, sexual rebellion) that Russia is experiencing. The population is on the verge of an HIV/AIDS epidemic, and the family doctor should become a key figure in the prevention of this disease. The very atmosphere of communicating with people in an informal home environment is conducive to trusting human contacts, facilitating the discussion of such delicate issues as sexual culture, safe sex and the rules of life in the era of AIDS.
General practitioner as a guarantor of early diagnosis
What is the place of infections in the work of a doctor? Pediatricians and therapists will answer this question differently. In the practice of the former, contagious diseases have a greater share, since, firstly, the child’s body has less resistance to infections, and secondly, parents usually consult a doctor at the first alarming signs. Adults go to the doctor less often, and doctors often tend not to register infectious diseases, especially acute intestinal diseases, in order to avoid tedious formalities. This is reflected in statistical incidents. As you know, the most common infectious diseases are influenza, viral hepatitis and acute intestinal infections. However, while, for example, viral hepatitis shows a clear upward trend, an increase in the number of acute intestinal infections - with the same provoking socio-economic factors - is not observed. At the same time, there is evidence of an increase in mortality from these infections. What does this mean? There is only one thing - acute intestinal diseases are not always registered.
Hence the huge daily mortality rate among hospitalized patients (in 20% of the deceased, death occurred on the first day of their stay in the hospital). Almost half of deaths from acute intestinal infections are recorded in the first three days after hospitalization of patients.
The same can be said about diphtheria. Hospitalization of patients with this infection often occurs extremely late - on the 7-10th day of illness. Delaying the start of treatment leads, if not always to death, then almost always to cardiac or neurological complications.
Here the general practitioner is indispensable. First of all, he has the right to hospitalize a patient with any suspicious sore throat. Further, he is obliged to carry out preventive work in the family, since family foci of diphtheria are the most numerous. It is the general practitioner who is obliged to provide the epidemiological regime. And finally, taking into account what was noted earlier, send all family members for vaccination, regardless of age.
These data speak quite eloquently about the need to increase the proportion of teaching infectious diseases in the training of general practitioners and reorient it towards prevention and early diagnosis.
Today's realities require a reconsideration of attitudes towards chronic hepatitis. There was and still is an opinion that this disease is not infectious. Meanwhile, back in 1962, Leningrad scientist Yu. N. Darkshevich formulated the concept of 5 nosological forms of viral hepatitis, which included chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver, considering it a viral disease. The “Australian” antigen had just been discovered at that time, and the concept of Yu. N. Darkshevich in scientific world was perceived negatively, but time has confirmed the scientist was right: today test systems have already been developed to confirm the viral etiology of a number of acute and chronic liver diseases.
Therefore, a general practitioner should always remember that any patient with chronic hepatitis must be approached as an infectious patient. There cannot be chronic hepatitis without a pathogen, with the exception of 5-7% of cases due to hereditary pathology or unfavorable environmental factors. Chronic hepatitis cannot be the outcome of an acute infectious process - it is a form of the infectious process. Therefore, family epidemic outbreaks are formed around patients with chronic hepatitis, which makes ensuring the epidemic regime in these outbreaks fundamentally important. The performance of this function also lies with the general practitioner, and this regime is not temporary, but permanent - chronic hepatitis requires lifelong medical examination, and therefore the family of such a patient should remain in the sphere of close attention general practitioner virtually forever.
In recent years, as we have already said, the incidence of viral hepatitis B and C has increased sharply (for example, in St. Petersburg - 3 times). And they - along with syphilis and gonorrhea - are transmitted (including) sexually, i.e., in the same way as the causative agent of AIDS. Therefore, the general practitioner should develop universal alertness. To do this, he must, first of all, abandon the syndromic approach in favor of the nosological one. There should be no syndromic diagnoses; each diagnosis should have a nosology.
Publishing house "Peter" 2001
The second edition of the reference manual (the previous one was published in 1995) provides in detail basic information about the etiology, epidemiology, clinical picture of infections that have an epidemic nature of distribution, severe complicated course (HIV infection, influenza, diphtheria, viral hepatitis, etc.), and also about diseases that are not well known to a wide range of doctors (hemorrhagic fevers, Lyme disease, campylobacteriosis and helicobacteriosis, chlamydial and mycoplasma infections, etc.). Particular attention is paid to early diagnosis, first aid, outpatient treatment, and medical examination. In preparing the guidelines, the authors used many years of experience in clinical and teaching practice, as well as the results of scientific research.
The guide is intended for general practitioners (GPs), infectious disease specialists, epidemiologists, as well as practitioners in many other specialties.
Preface
The reform of the domestic healthcare system involves bringing medical care closer to the patient at the prehospital stage. The huge number of clinics built in past years and thousands of trained doctors and nurses have not significantly improved the quality of diagnosis and treatment. The local therapist, who has a heavy workload and does not have a modern material and technical base, has turned into a dispatcher, referring the patient either to “narrow” specialists or for hospitalization. The doctor shared responsibility for the patient with many specialists, as a result of which his qualifications decreased, professional interest and prestige fell.
This became especially unacceptable during the period of healthcare reorganization and the introduction of compulsory health insurance, primarily in St. Petersburg and Moscow.
The developed health care restructuring program takes into account the entire complex of conditions of existence of an individual, family, team, and society. It covers all factors influencing the health of the population: the contribution of healthcare and medicine (8.5-10%), lifestyle (50%), heredity (20%), and the state of the environment (20%). In this regard, there is a need to change the role of the local therapist in the healthcare system.
We came to the conclusion that the prototype of the new generation of doctors should be the medical worker who existed in Russia in pre-revolutionary times, who was the prototype of the literary heroes of A.P. Chekhov - the zemstvo doctor. This conclusion is confirmed by extensive foreign experience.
In reality, general practitioners and nurses will appear in their workplaces in a few years, since their serious training is required. But training of medical workers according to specially developed programs has already begun. These programs pay special attention not only to pathology, but also to prevention.
Infectious diseases, as in previous years, continue to occupy one of the leading places among human diseases. The problems of viral hepatitis and acute intestinal infections remain relevant. Long-forgotten diphtheria has returned from past years, new infections caused by herpes viruses, Borrelia, chlamydia, etc. have become widespread, and AIDS poses a threat to humanity. In the context of socio-economic changes, which led to the stratification of society and the emergence of a large number of socially unprotected people, many infectious diseases became severe, often fatal.
Modern advances in virology, immunology, and applied pharmacology have allowed infectious disease specialists to reconsider their views on the etiology and pathogenesis of many diseases and achieve certain successes in treatment.
However, the idea that infectious diseases should be known primarily by infectious disease specialists is incorrect. General practitioners are the first to see infectious patients. It is on their qualifications that the early recognition of infection, the determination of the correct therapeutic tactics, the organization of anti-epidemic measures, and ultimately the fate of the patient and the well-being of the people around him depend. This is confirmed by the high daily mortality rate in infectious diseases hospitals, reaching 30% of all deceased patients.
The authors considered it necessary to consolidate the syndromic approach to diseases with a detailed description of nosological forms, especially those that have now acquired epidemiological significance, received a new interpretation, or are little known to a wide range of clinicians.
Modern data on the structure of viral hepatitis, herpesvirus, HIV infections, Lyme disease, diphtheria, Flexner's dysentery will help general practitioners solve specific clinical problems.
Aza Gasanovna Rakhmanova(Azerb. Aza Hsn qz Rhmanova; September 17, 1932, Baku - November 18, 2015, St. Petersburg) - Soviet and Russian infectious disease doctor, leading specialist in the field of HIV infection and infectious hepatology, professor, Honored Scientist Russian Federation (1998).
Biography
Early years
She was born into the family of Hasan Pasha oglu and Havve-khanum Rakhmanov. G.P. Rakhmanov was the commissar of the Azerbaijan Rifle Division, later the People's Commissar of Culture of Azerbaijan, the head of the political department of the Caspian Shipping Company, and the first secretary of the Nakhichevan Regional Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Azerbaijan. In 1937 he was repressed and a year later died in custody. Father's brothers were subjected to repression: Usain Rakhmanov, former first Deputy Chairman of the Central Committee of the Komsomol of the USSR, Chairman of the Council People's Commissars Azerbaijan SSR, and Latif Rakhmanov. Mother, Havve-khanum Rakhmanova, was a doctor, in the 1950s the chief therapist of the Semipalatinsk region, later an associate professor at the Azerbaijan State Medical University (died at work at the age of 80).
In 1941, the family was exiled to the Sintash mine in the Altai Territory, and from there to Kazakhstan. At the school that Aza Rakhmanova graduated from in Semipalatinsk, exiled professors from Moscow University taught, and history was taught by famous writer G. I. Serebryakova. When she was denounced to once again was sent to prison, Aza Rakhmanova organized the “Society of Young Fighters” at the school in defense of the teacher. Inspired by the books “Open Book” and “Doctor Vlasenkova” read by V. Kaverin in those years, she had a dream of becoming a microbiologist and infectious disease specialist.
Education and work
In 1949, Aza Rakhmanova entered the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute named after. Academician I.P. Pavlov, who graduated with honors in 1955. Then, for two years, she studied at the clinical residency of the Department of Infectious Diseases at the Children's Hospital named after. N. F. Filatov and the city infectious diseases hospital No. 30 named after. S. P. Botkina. After residency, she returned to Kazakhstan, where from 1958 to 1959 she worked as an assistant in the department of infectious diseases at the Semipalatinsk State Medical Institute.
In October 1959, A. G. Rakhmanova, together with her mother and sisters, returned from a long exile to Baku. There, their family was taken under the guardianship of socio-political figure Aziz Aliyev and his wife Leyla Khanum.
In 1959-1961, A. G. Rakhmanova worked as an infectious disease doctor at the Baku United Clinical Hospital No. 3 named after. P. A. Japaridze and polyclinic No. 11, has not yet been enrolled in graduate school at the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Azerbaijan State Institute for Advanced Medical Training. In 1963-1965 - assistant of the department. In 1965, at AzGIDUV she defended her candidate’s dissertation on the topic “Anicteric and erased forms of Botkin’s disease.”
In 1965, A. G. Rakhmanova again found herself in Leningrad, having moved there to her husband’s place of work. From the same year she began her labor activity at the Department of Infectious Diseases at the 1st Leningrad Medical Institute named after. Academician Pavlov: senior laboratory assistant (1965), department assistant (1965-1974).
In 1974, A. G. Rakhmanova defended her doctoral dissertation “Hepatic coma in viral hepatitis,” after which she received the position of associate professor of the department of infectious diseases (1974-1982). In 1982, she was elected to the position of professor of the department, and two years later she was awarded the academic title of professor.
Rachmaninov Sergei Vasilievich (1873-1943), composer, pianist and conductor.
Born on April 1, 1873 in the Semenov estate in the Novgorod province into a noble family. In 1882, the Rachmaninoffs moved to St. Petersburg. In the same year, Sergei entered the conservatory.
In the fall of 1886, he became one of the best students and received a scholarship named after A. G. Rubinstein.
At the final exam in harmony, P. I. Tchaikovsky liked the preludes composed by Rachmaninov so much that he gave an “A” surrounded by four pluses.
The most significant of early works- one-act opera “Aleko” based on the plot of A. S. Pushkin. She was finished in an unprecedented way short term- a little more than two weeks. The examination took place on May 7, 1892; the commission gave Rachmaninov the highest mark, he was awarded the Grand Prize gold medal. The premiere of "Aleko" at the Bolshoi Theater took place on April 27, 1893 and was a huge success.
In the spring of 1899, Rachmaninov completed the famous Second Concerto for Piano and Orchestra; in 1904 the composer was awarded the Glinkin Prize for it.
In 1902, the cantata “Spring” was created based on the poem “Green Noise” by N. A. Nekrasov. For it, the composer also received the Glinkin Prize in 1906.
A significant event in the history of Russian music was the arrival of Rachmaninov in the fall of 1904 Bolshoi Theater for the post of conductor and head of the Russian repertoire. In the same year, the composer completed his operas " Stingy Knight" and "Francesca da Rimini". After two seasons, Rachmaninov left the theater and settled first in Italy and then in Dresden.
The symphonic poem “Island of the Dead” was written here. In March 1908, Sergei Vasilyevich became a member of the Moscow Directorate of the Russian musical society, and in the fall of 1909, together with A. N. Scriabin and N. K. Medtner, to the Council of the Russian Music Publishing House.
At the same time, he created the choral cycles “Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom” and “Vespers”.
In the fall of 1915, Vocalise appeared, dedicated to the singer A.V. Nezhdanova. In total, Rachmaninov wrote about 80 romances.
In 1917, the situation in the country worsened, and the composer, taking advantage of the invitation to tour to Stockholm, went abroad on December 15. He did not imagine that he was leaving Russia forever. After touring Scandinavia, Rachmaninov arrived in New York.
In the summer of 1940, he completed his last major work, “Symphonic Dances.”
On February 5, 1943 took place last concert great musician.
Name: HIV infection.
Rakhmanova A.G., Vinogradova E.N., Voronin E.E., Yakovlev A.A.
Year of publication: 2004
Size: 6.97 MB
Format: djvu
Language: Russian
In the presented book by A.G. Rakhmanova and co-authors “HIV Infection” reviewed the etiopathogenesis and epidemiology of HIV, diagnosis, damage to organ systems in HIV infection, mycoses, herpes virus infection in patients with HIV, toxoplasmosis and HIV, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis in HIV-positive individuals, and treatment of HIV. -infected, chemoprophylaxis of HIV in newborns, diagnosis and prognosis, features of treatment of children in the first year of life, prevention of opportunistic diseases, chemoprophylaxis of HIV, viral hepatitis B and C in medical personnel, highlights the features of the treatment of addiction syndrome due to the use of narcotic substances in combination with HIV and viral hepatitis.
Name: Medical parasitology.
Polezhayeva G.T., Dzyuba G.T., Skurikhina Yu.E.
Year of publication: 2017
Size: 2.96 MB
Format: pdf
Language: Russian
Description: The book "Medical Parasitology" characterizes such issues as the basics of general parasitology and issues of specific parasitology. Tutorial examines issues such as the classification of parasites... Download the book for free
Name: Lectures on HIV infection.
Pokrovsky V.V.
Year of publication: 2018
Size: 6.6 MB
Format: pdf
Language: Russian
Description: The book "Lectures on HIV Infection" consists of 44 chapters-lectures, which reflect current issues in this section of infectology. The publication examines epidemiology (in particular, epidemiological investigation... Download the book for free
Name: Infectious diseases. Syndromic diagnosis.
Yushchuk N.D., Klimova E.A.
Year of publication: 2017
Size: 1.81 MB
Format: pdf
Language: Russian
Description: The book "Infectious Diseases. Syndromic Diagnosis" incorporates all modern diagnostic aspects of infectious diseases. The newest edition addresses such basic issues of syndro... Download the book for free
Name: Foodborne toxic infections. Food poisoning.
Yushchuk N.D.
Year of publication: 2017
Size: 1.68 MB
Format: pdf
Language: Russian
Description: The textbook "Food toxic infections. Food poisoning" edited by Yushchuk clearly examines the issues of toxic infections, toxicosis, covering food toxic infections of a bacterial nature, while... Download the book for free
Name: Evolution of streptococcal infection
Levanovich V.V., Timchenko V.N.
Year of publication: 2015
Size: 1.46 MB
Format: pdf
Language: Russian
Description: Clinical manual "Evolution of streptococcal infection" edited by Levanovich V.V., et al., examines modern data characterizing the epidemiology, pathogenesis of streptococcal infection, etc... Download the book for free
Name: Epidemiology
Briko I.N., Pokrovsky V.I.
Year of publication: 2015
Size: 80.96 MB
Format: doc
Language: Russian
Description: The textbook "Epidemiology", edited by Briko I.N., et al., examines the main problems of general epidemiology, epidemiology and prevention of current infectious and parasitic, nosocomial and ma... Download the book for free
Name: Mycoses: diagnosis and treatment
Klimko N.N.
Year of publication: 2008
Size: 11.06 MB
Format: pdf
Language: Russian
Description: Practical guide"Mycoses: diagnosis and treatment" ed., Klimko N.N., reviews general questions diagnostics and principles of pharmacotherapy of fungal infections. The basics of etiopathogenesis, class... Download the book for free
Name: Pseudotuberculosis
Somov G.P., Pokrovsky V.I., Besednova N.N., Antonenko F.F.
Year of publication: 2001
Size: 7.87 MB
Format: pdf
Language: Russian
Description: The textbook “Pseudotuberculosis”, edited by Somov G.P., et al., examines the etiology and pathogenesis of pseudotuberculosis, epidemiological indicators, its clinical manifestations, principles of differentiation...