Lesson summary N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls". Chichikov as a new hero of the era and as an anti-hero. Chichikov - the hero of the "new formation"

Lesson 5

N.V. Gogol « Dead Souls" Chichikov as new hero era and as an anti-hero.

Goals : continue to familiarize students with the content of the poem, characterize the main character of Chichikov’s poem, develop students’ ability to write character descriptions, develop skills and abilities to construct an answer to a question about a work of art based on theoretical and literary knowledge; improve skills of analytical work with prose text; promote aesthetic and moral education students; cultivate a culture of reading perception.

Equipment : tables, textbook, text of the poem “Dead Souls”, handouts, table, illustrative material on the topic of the lesson.

Lesson type : lesson - analysiswork of art

Predicted results : students knowabout the system of images of the poem by N.V. Gogol

“Dead Souls” are able to characterize the main character Chichikov, analyze the text, retell individual episodes in the form of description,participate in the conversation, develop their point of view on piece of art in accordance with author's position and historical era.

During the classes

I . Organizational stage

II . Updating of reference knowledge

III . Motivation educational activities

Teacher: In chapter 11 N.V. Gogol writes that Russian literature paid a lot of attention to the “virtuous” hero: “There is no writer who would not ride him on horseback, urging him with a whip, and with anything else he could get his hands on.” But in reality, in a feudal society, scoundrels play an important role . It seems that Gogol’s attitude towards his hero is extremely clear. Does Chichikov have a future? Who, finally, is in the chaise drawn by three, which rushes into the distance? Let's turn again to the main character. This image is the link between the chapters. What do we know about him?

IV . Working on the lesson topic

A) Reading the episode “Chichikov in the tavern”

How did you see P.I. Chichikova?

B) Reading the episode “Meeting of Manilov and Chichikov”

How do you see Chichikov in this episode?

Acquaintance with the serf owners begins with Manilov, a rather pleasant-looking person. Chichikov is looking for “Zamanilovka,” but “the village of Manilovka could lure few with its location. The manor's house stood alone on the south - open to all winds... the slope of the mountain on which it stood was covered with trimmed turf. Two or three flower beds with lilac and yellow acacia bushes were scattered on it in English style! five or six birch trees in small clumps... Under two of them there was a gazebo... with the inscription: “Temple of Solitary Reflection”... there were two women who, having picked up their dresses picturesquely... were on their knees in the pond, dragging ... nonsense." Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov and the readers are presented with a rather pretentious and at the same time pitiful picture. Manilov himself behaves too kindly, to the point of cloying, in his meeting with Chichikov. The author says about him that Manilov can be described as such: " There is a kind of people known by the name: people to themselves, neither this nor that, neither in the city of Bogdan, nor in the village of Selifan...” Manilov initially seems like a pleasant and courteous person, but Gogol every now and then introduces details into the description that characterize him not With the best side. In the owner’s office “there was always some kind of book, bookmarked on page fourteen, which he had been constantly reading for two years.” A magnificent detail showing the mental level of the landowner. His aesthetic requests are limited to the fact that he dumps ashes from a pipe onto the windowsill, building either random heaps or “building” something fantastic. Manilov does not take care of the farm at all, entrusting the peasants to the thief clerk. He himself does not know how many serfs died, nor does the clerk who was summoned to report. Manilov is not interested in the essence of Chichikov’s case. He cannot understand why Pavel Ivanovich needs dead souls. Chichikov, adapting to the “elegant style” of the owner, expresses his thoughts floridly, calling the dead “who in some way ended their existence.” Chichikov puzzles Manilov for a moment, but then everything goes away: the landowner is not used to thinking, the word of a swindler is enough for him, and Manilov is ready to continue to admire Pavel Ivanovich, for the sake of his “new friend” he will rewrite the list of all the dead peasants with his own hand and decorate it with a silk ribbon. How clearly Manilov’s character shines through. He does a thoughtlessly “dirty” thing, but ties the “packaging” with a beautiful ribbon; he is not interested in the essence, but in external beauty. For this gullible, Chichikov’s inarticulate phrases are enough to calm his conscience, or maybe it never woke up?! The image of Chichikov is also interesting. He is an excellent psychologist who understands the “nature of Manilov.” Pavel Ivanovich, speaking with the landowner, begins to smile just as unctuously, fawning over the Owner, accepting his manner of behavior. It is important for Chichikov to achieve his goal - to collect as many souls of dead peasants as possible who did not pass the audit fairy tale. He has conceived a grandiose scam and is now going headlong towards his goal. For him there is no moral barrier that cannot be bypassed. Gogol was able to see the emerging capitalist class and brilliantly depicted its individual types. The writer was one of the first to see the unsightly “face” of capital and its hall “in all its glory” in the poem “Dead Souls”.

2. Analytical conversation

What are the similarities and differences in the characters of Chichikov and each landowner. In what situations does the hero behave like landowners? How is Chichikov fundamentally different from landowners?

Thanks to what qualities does Chichikov manage to win the sympathy of the landowners? What is the secret of his charm?

Who is Captain Kopeikin? Do Chichikov's ideal and Captain Kopeikin's concept of capital intersect?

How are the images of landowners and Chichikov related to the title of the work?

Are there “living souls” in the poem? Who are they?

What is the role in the poem “The Tale of Captain Kopeikin”?

3. Collective work on compiling tables “Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov”, “The similarities of Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov with other landowners”

Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov

Similarities between Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov and other landowners

4. Mini-discussion

Can Chichikov be called a hero of his time?

Why can’t Chichikov’s activities be creative?

Under what conditions could such a personality appear?

How interesting is such a hero to the modern reader?

V . Reflection. Summing up the lesson

Teacher's summary word

Chichikov is a great hero, classic work, created by a genius, a hero who embodied the result of the author’s observations and reflections on life, people, and their actions. An image that has absorbed typical features, and therefore has long gone beyond the scope of the work itself. His name became a household name for people - nosy careerists, sycophants, money-grubbers, outwardly “pleasant,” “decent and worthy.” Moreover, some readers' assessment of Chichikov is not so clear. Comprehension of this image is possible only through a painstaking, careful analysis of not only the work itself, but also a huge array critical literature, and the subsequent life of the image in Russian literature and culture in general.

VI . Homework

Creative task: Write an essay-reasoning on the statement “And one more reason... prevented Gogol from entering the field of the novel: Gogol bypassed the female character in all its depth.” Do you agree with this statement?

- Gogol's poem, which became very popular. It was not only read and read with pleasure, but also filmed more than once. Many phrases have become catchphrases, and the characters have become symbolic. In the work we meet the hero Chichikov. Let's write an essay on work Dead Let’s analyze Chichikov’s soul and figure out who he is: is he a new hero of the era or its anti-hero.

Already at the beginning, the author introduces us to the portrait characteristics of Chichikov. Chichikov was neither old nor young, not handsome in appearance, but not bad-looking either. He is neither fat nor thin. In a word, the average person who is not alien to the desire for profit and who wants beautiful life. If in other works the heroes are superfluous people of the era where they live, then Chichikov fits into the era very well. It fits into life where people live who are not financially poor, but they are spiritually poor. Among them, the hero does not stand out and appears before us as an ordinary person of his time.

Is Chichikov a new hero or anti-hero?

Is Chichikov a new hero of his time? Without a doubt. But he is not only a hero, but also an anti-hero.

Reading the work, we see the birth of a new generation with worthy qualities, but the generation was brought up according to old views. So people like Chichikov were born. They try to enrich themselves by any means, look forward and go towards the goal, although due to their spiritual emptiness they cannot evaluate what is happening soberly. Therefore, the intoxication of profit dominates their minds. People are starting to burn out. But as soon as they lose everything, the heroes sober up. People new era cannot be guided by the mind, soul and heart at the same time. They are captured by their passions, unable to simply live. Greed usually takes over and people’s souls simply become dead, like the souls of Manilov, Plyushkin, Sobakevich and other characters.

Why is Chichikov an antihero? Reading the work, we see the spiritual degradation of people. Yes, Chichikov does not bring harm in spiritual terms; in society, the death of souls naturally occurs, since the experienced order is difficult to eradicate. But the hero harms himself, because he goes through life with a moral: you will do everything and conquer everything in the world with money. At the same time, Chichikov finds an excuse for himself, because everyone does this. Having such principles, our hero himself deadens his soul. No, you cannot call him a criminal of his age, he is only one of those who represents the new generation. He is not a complete miser who only thinks about money. He also dreams of a family, and we cannot condemn him for wanting to live better and in abundance, because we ourselves strive for this. That's just a different question. Is it possible to build your well-being with the help of lies, hypocrisy, and deception without harming your spiritual world. I think this is a rhetorical question that does not need an answer.

At the literature lesson we got acquainted with the work of N.V. Gogol "Dead Souls". This poem gained great popularity. The work was repeatedly filmed both in the Soviet Union and in modern Russia. Also, the names of the main characters have become symbolic: Plyushkin is a symbol of stinginess and storage of unnecessary things, Sobakevich is an uncouth person, Manilovism is immersion in dreams that have no connection with reality. Some phrases have become catchphrases.

The main character of the poem is Chichikov. Chichikov's portrait is different from other residents of the city. He is not handsome, but not bad-looking, not too fat, not too thin, not old, but not young either. The author classifies him as a “mediocre gentleman.” But still, Chichikov liked everything in his appearance to be noble, because... appearance is one of his main weapons. At first he wore a lingonberry-colored tailcoat, but by the end of the poem he changes it to a European-style jacket. This can be explained by the fact that he feels a change in his position in society. His status has grown, so now he needs to look different. He tried to flatter people with high ranks and did not allow rudeness in conversation, but with his equals or with lower ranks he behaved proudly. All the heroes spoke of him as a decent person, even “Sobakevich, who rarely spoke on the good side of anyone,” called him “a very unpleasant person.”

Chichikov's origins are “dark and modest.” It is not known whether he is a nobleman, a pillar or a personal one. He spent his childhood in a small house, without comrades, friends, with a sick father. The father constantly forced his son to learn to read and write, and raised him according to the principle “don’t lie, listen to your elders and carry virtue in your heart.” When the father sent his son to school, he gave him the instruction: “Look, Pavlusha, study, don’t be stupid and don’t hang around, and most of all please the bosses with your teachers. Hang out with those who are richer, so that on occasion they can be useful to you. Better behave in such a way that you will be treated, and most of all, take care and save a penny: this thing is more reliable than anything in the world.” Chichikov followed his father’s instructions and was very successful in this matter. As a result, he grew up to be an egoist whose greed knows no bounds.
At school, he pleased the teacher, as his father instructed, and graduated with good grades. Chichikov also succeeded in commercial affairs. He denied himself everything and sold his comrades their own treats, after which he showed initiative different ways and began to earn good money from it. For him, a penny became higher than any human relationship. When his former comrades collected money to help a teacher who was in trouble, Chichikov made the excuse of not having enough and was ready to give only a nickel of silver. Thus began his hoarding policy.

In the service, Chichikov found an approach even to the most unapproachable boss. He has a keen sense of human nature and is a good artist. All this helps in work. I would also like to note his patience. Not everyone is willing to wait that long to achieve their goal, given all the ups and downs that Chichikov experienced. I would like to talk about his service at customs. At the beginning, he pretends that he came to serve with good intentions. His superiors promote him, and then he sets about his true goals. But due to carelessness, he involves his friend in this matter. Afterwards, allowing himself to be stupid, he manages to quarrel with him. And in the end they report each other to their superiors.

Literature lesson in 9th grade.

Topic: Image of Chichikov. Chichikov as a new hero of the era and as an anti-hero. The evolution of his image. "Dead" and "living" souls.

Lesson objectives:

Show Gogol’s attitude to contemporary reality;

Reveal the essence of the entrepreneur, show his typicality;

During research activities come to a solution to the problem.

Tasks:

Teach children to think, develop their reading skills, promoting the manifestation of intellectual, creative and emotionally imaginative thinking.

Develop research and communication competencies students, text analysis skills.

Equipment: text of the poem, multimedia presentation of the lesson, cards, portrait of N.V. Gogol.

During the classes

Organizing time:

Good afternoon guys! Before starting the lesson, I will ask you to look kindly at our guests and give them a smile. Smile at each other and at me. Thank you. A smile always helps in communication. Sit down.

2. Updating knowledge.

1.The word of a literature teacher.

Guys, we have already devoted several lessons to studying N.V. Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls.” We visited the provincial town, met local officials, and visited landowners. We made up a cinquain for everyone. The most capacious and interesting ones are in front of you on the slide.Slide number 1

But before we start exploring new topic, I suggest watching a short dramatization prepared by your classmates based on the story famous writer Vasily Shukshin “Stalled”

Staging.

Teacher.

So, in today’s lesson we will talk about another hero of Gogol’s poem “Dead Souls”, who so outraged Roman. Who is carried in the poem by Rus'-troika. Why is the Rus-troika carrying Chichikov in particular?

So who are we talking about? And what do you think is the topic of our lesson? ?

(That's right, today we will look at the image of Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov). Let's consider the main stages of his life: childhood, education, service. His connection with the landowners. And let’s answer the most important question that has tormented many generations of readers: Is Chichikov a “living” or “dead” soul?

Let's open the notebooks. We write down the date and topic of the lesson “The Image of Chichikov. Chichikov as a new hero of the era and as an anti-hero. The evolution of his image. "Dead" and "living" souls."

Today we will have group and individual work. Three experts will be present at the lesson to summarize.

In books, as in life, we meet “good” and “bad” people. Having read a work of fiction or watched a film, we evaluate the characters in approximately the same way as Chichikov evaluated Roman from Shukshin’s story.

The opinions of critics and literary scholars regarding him are very ambiguous. At home you picked out sayings and quotes about our hero.

Checking homework.

Reading quotes by students.

For example, modern literary critics Pyotr Weil and Alexander Genis believe that Chichikov is an “ordinary, gray” gentleman of the average “A small man with small passions, who is too petty for Russia.”

2. But Vadim Valerianovich Kozhinov calls this hero “a truly strong personality.”

3. Russian writer Vladimir Nabokov called Chichikov “a colossal spherical vulgar” and believed that “the fool in him is visible because from the very beginning he makes one mistake after another.”

But researcher Igor Petrovich Zolotussky, although he considers Chichikov a scoundrel, says that “he’s still some kind of strange scoundrel...”

Teacher: Such directly opposite opinions only confirm the remark of the young Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky that Gogol “has the most difficult character”

Slide number 2

Learning new material.

So, who is Chichikov: a bright, strong personality or an ordinary “little man”? The most “dead” of all Gogol’s characters or a new hero of the era?

Trying to answer all these questions is the goal of our lesson.

To answer this difficult question, let us remember what landowners are. You have to work on five images. Each group must identify those qualities that make Chichikov similar to one or another landowner.

“My heroes follow one after another, one more vulgar than the other,” Gogol said about his heroes.

Today in the lesson we will meet you with words that you know little about. Now we will reveal their meaning.

Slide number 3

Dictionary

Degradation is a gradual deterioration leading to degeneration.

Superintendent –this is the head clerkhead of the treasury chamber.

Discuss in pairs the question:

Consistency in the depiction of the degradation of landowners in the poem

Manilov – Chichikov (delicacy, Manilov’s love for phrases);Slide No. 4

Korobochka - Chichikov (hoarding, commercial efficiency); Slide No. 5

Nozdrev- (deceit, narcissism);Slide No. 6

Sobakevich- (tightness, rude tightness, cold cynicism); Slide No. 7

Plyushkin-(thrift, collecting unnecessary things, carefully storing them, greed). Slide No. 8

Chichikov tableSlide No. 9

Teacher: So, let’s summarize what character traits and lifestyle brought the landowners and Chichikov together. What do they have in common?

Working on the topic of the lesson ( Problematic question)

So how did this character develop? Where did such traits come from? We need to go back to childhood.

Why was it so important to devote an entire 11th chapter to Nikolai Vasilyevich?

biography of Chichikov?

(It is important for motivating his actions and character traits)

Research according to chapter 11 of the work

Teacher: We work in groups. Material for research – chapter 11 of the work

Each group receives a task on a card.

Childhood.

Education.

Service

Acquisition of “dead souls”. How did the idea for the acquisition come about?

The appearance of Chichikov in the provincial town.

Now each group will defend their work. To do this, one person at a time is invited to the board.

Many thanks to the groups, you have done a tremendous amount of research that will help us answer questions that reveal the image of Chichikov. And why did he become like this?

Teacher: attention to the questions:

What advice did Pavel Ivanovich receive from his father when entering college? How did Chichikov use this advice?

2.How did you pass it? school years? What goal did Chichikov set when entering life?

3. The central place in Chichikov’s biography is occupied by his career.

4. How did Chichikov’s career begin?

5. What means does he choose to make a career?

6. How did Chichikov manage to win over the police officer?

7. Where did Chichikov go from the state chamber? What have you achieved in your new place? Why did he have to resign from the commission for the construction of a government building?

8. Why did Chichikov dream of serving at customs? How did his career as a customs official develop? Why did it end in failure?

9. How did Chichikov react to all his life failures and failures? How did he come up with the idea of ​​acquiring dead souls?

Teacher: As we see, the stages of Chichikov’s career are a story of his ups and downs, but at the same time it reveals such traits of his character as energy, efficiency, enterprise, tirelessness and perseverance.

Fixing the material

Now let's listen to the opinions of experts.

1st expert : Chichikov is cunning because all his deeds are aimed only at his benefit. And the ancient Greeks said that cunning is the meanness of the mind. Therefore, Gogol calls him directly - a scoundrel. The chapter in which it opens true face Pavel Ivanovich, the new Russian man, is made to shudder at his baseness. Chichikov is capable of cold-blooded and planned meanness. He knows how to choose the right tool for each case and carefully think through his every step. For the sake of profit, he can be a loving son and groom or an incorruptible customs officer, a threat to smugglers.

2 expert. Yes I agree. Chichikov is a scoundrel. The author himself calls him a scoundrel. And at the same time, he asserts: “It would be fairer to call him: owner, acquirer. Acquisition is the fault of everything: because of it, deeds were carried out, to which the world gives the name of not very pure deeds...” But still he is better than all the landowners in the poem. Please note that Chichikov is not a completely dead soul: he dreams of the woman he loves, a family in which beautiful, healthy children grow up. All this is typical for normal person. And the episode with the re-reading of the lists of dead peasants shows us that Chichikov’s soul has not yet completely died, “Looking for a long time at their names, he was touched in spirit and, sighing, said: “My fathers!” How many of you are crammed here! What have you, my dear ones, done in your lifetime? How did you get by?” Can a notorious scoundrel experience such feelings?

3 expert . I still think that Chichikov is more alive soul because it has distinctive features character that landowners do not possess, the author gives the hero’s life story, thereby distinguishing him from the mass of “dead souls”, hints at the upcoming moral rebirth of the hero, which is reflected in his name, Pavel Ivanovich is always on the road, he moves, and the motive of the road , travel in Russian literature is a motive for the movement of the soul. Gogol dreamed of the rebirth of Russia, of people who would change it. He constantly makes fun of Chichikov, but at the same time gives him a chance to be reborn for the better.

Teacher: Do you think the poem is called “Dead Souls”, and is Chichikov a “living” or “dead” soul in this work?

Children's answers.

Summarizing:

Thus, we created the image of the main character Chichikov - “a living soul in to a greater extent than "dead". Therefore, the author wanted to lead his hero to moral purification, renewal, one of the first. Associated with these dreams

image of a flying, unovertaken Rus' - a troika. The multifaceted and contradictory image of Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, created by the great Gogol, makes you think about many things. But the most important thing that, it seems to me, the writer wanted to show in the image of Chichikov is that man is an arena of constant, incessant struggle between light and dark forces for a living human soul.

I think that during the lesson you have already formed a certain opinion about the hero. I propose to reflect it in the form of a syncwine.

Compiling a syncwine on the theme “Chichikov”

( Slide number 10 Scheme for compiling a syncwine)

Chichikov Pavel Ivanovich

Persistent, resourceful

Uses, reincarnates, does not forget

Money is a means, not an end

Buyer of Dead Souls.

Reflection.

Raise your hands those to whom today's lesson helped to better understand and accept the image of Chichikov.

What is more important: material or spiritual?

Homework.

At home, I invite you to reflect on the question: “Is the image of Chichikov relevant today?”

And in your souls, guys, as a parting word, let Gogol’s wonderful words ring: “Take with you on the road... all human movements, don’t leave them on the road, you won’t pick them up later!” I would like you not to lose everything good, good, and bright along the way, but to carry it through your whole life.

Grading.