Complicated sentence The structure is a simple sentence. Semantic and grammatical systems simple sentence may become more complex, which will give it features similar to complex. The very nature of the complication can be different, so the concept of “complicated sentence” unites heterogeneous syntactic structures:
a) sentences with homogeneous members;
b) proposals with isolated members;
c) proposals with appeals;
d) sentences with introductory and plug-in constructions.
The complication is associated primarily with semi-predicativeness - a special syntactic meaning close to the predicative one. Offers with homogeneous members. Homogeneous are two or more members of a sentence that are equally related to some other member of the sentence. Homogeneous members are characterized by the following features: 1) single-functionality, they occupy the position of one member of the sentence; 2) are related to the same member of the sentence subordinating connection; 3) interconnected coordinating connection.
The complication has its own specifics; it can be of two types:
1.Complication by quantitatively increasing the members of a sentence, emphasizing due to intonation and punctuation . (Separate and homogeneous members)
2. Complication by including into the sentence components that are not members of the sentence. (Addresses, introductory and insertion structures)
The complication performs two functions: a) dictum complications - the circle of nomination expands; b) modus complication - subjective meanings that convey the speaker’s attitudes.
2. Sentences with homogeneous members. Signs of homogeneity. Formal means of expressing homogeneity. Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions. Question about
sentences with homogeneous predicates in scientific and school grammar.
Grech, Buslaev considered syntactic homogeneity as a result of merging sentences - “fused sentences”
The concept of “homogeneous members” was introduced by Pezhkovsky, who gave a definition of homogeneous members: members that are connected or can be connected without changing the grammatical meaning of a composing conjunction.
Rudnev considered homogeneity from the point of view of functionality: homogeneous members are members of a sentence if they identically define one of the members of the sentence or are determined by it; the same semantic-syntactic function.
3 main criteria for homogeneity:
Single-functionality (1 syntactic position)
Subordinate connection with a common subordinate or subordinate word
Connected by a creative connection
A fairy tale is needed not only for children, but also for adults
The conditions are not universal.
Night. Street. Flashlight. Pharmacy They didn’t knock, didn’t shout, didn’t bother with questions(complex predicative construction)
Syntactic homogeneity is based on logical homogeneity, therefore morphological homogeneity is not mandatory.
The Chervonets was dirty and covered in dust.
Not homogeneous members:
Members of a sentence associated with the same member, but occupying different syntactic positions: We all learned a little something and somehow
Repeated words, repetitions, the main function of which is to emphasize the duration of the process, its multiplicity, etc.: walk-walk, drink-drink, etc.
Stable combinations, phraseological units: neither light nor dawn, neither fish nor meat, neither this nor that, etc.
Complicated simple verbal predicates: he took and left, let's talk, etc.
How stylistic device the phenomenon of “imaginary homogeneity” is used: We will drink tea with sugar and dad.
Main indicators of homogeneity
Coordination, which is expressed using conjunctions:
United Unions ( and, yes, and-and)
Anti-alliances ( but, yes, however, but, but)
Divide unions ( or, either, whether, something)
Affiliate Unions ( yes and, and not this, or that)
The join relation is expressed throughout the entire syntax space. These constructions express the meaning of an additional meaning; they are closer to a coordinating connection than to a subordination, despite the nature of the addition
Graduation relationships in form will subordinate : not only..but also, just not..a, not as much..as, as much..as much, as much..as, etc.
Connective relationships – equivalent, equal
Exhaustive listing: The pines and spruce trees were just rustling
Reinforcing enumeration: I don't want to not judge or forgive you.
Adverse relationships
Opposition + shades of concession, compensation, conditions: Our shelter is small, but calm
Comparison(s): Moscow is miles away, but close in heart.
Separation Relationships:
Selection/mutual exclusion: I was shy with strangers or put on airs
Alternation (something): Here and there there are gaps in the sky, that little window
Non-discrimination (neither this or that, or that): Oblomov’s face showed either fear, or melancholy and annoyance.
Graduation unions
· Distinction in the degree of manifestation of something: The book is not only yours best friend, but also a faithful companion
Removing gradation – phenomena are equivalent to: Andersen made the fairy tale accessible to both adults and children(homogeneous additions)
· Gradational-modal (varies in degree of reliability): Natasha wanted, if not to brighten up, then at least to decorate their separation
Homogeneous predicates expand the predicative capabilities of a simple sentence.
The question of classifying sentences with several predicates does not have a clear solution. Some researchers call such sentences complex, others classify them as simple with homogeneous members, while others see in these constructions signs of both a simple and a complex sentence, depending on the way the predicates are expressed.
Ever since Grech, we have considered them as united simple sentences based on complex ones. In RG-80 there is no concept of “homogeneous predicates” - they are considered as complex ones (+ Beloshapkova).
How can we consider uniquely complex sentences if each predicate has a secondary clause: I sat so quietly and looked around and listened attentively.
How complex are the sentences? with predicate s in different forms time and mood: You found out about this and shut up.
Various morphological expressions of predicates: You are my friend, help me
The group of predicates is interrupted vilely: It started to rain, stopped, and started again.
There is no homogeneity in explanatory relationships: He came and fell asleep - he was exhausted.
Sometimes homogeneous predicates are considered as extended clauses.
Homogeneous/heterogeneous definitions
· Logical basis (presence or absence) for a number of attributes (semantic criterion): purpose, material, size, quality, etc. Heterogeneous – diverse features that are combined in the context: old leather briefcase
·Morphological criterion. Usually homogeneous definitions are attached to one category (qualities, relates). Heterogeneous - different discharges
· Syntactic criterion. Type of connection – homogeneous. directly related to the defined word; heterogeneous - chain connection; old leather briefcase
All definitions in postposition become homogeneous: Three greyhounds are running along the boring winter road.
Contextual homogeneity - the entire system of definitions is used to convey emotions, impressions, and create a single image: I saw Potemkin twice. This crooked, askew, huge, bright, sweaty man was terrible.
Generalizing words with homogeneous members can be combined with a generalized generic concept - semantics of one series - 1 syntactic function..
At the beginning of June there were unusual rains for summer: calm, autumn-like, without thunderstorms, without wind.
m/b in preposition – explains the relationship ( namely, exactly, like that, be it); postposition – self-generalizing relations of the result ( in a word, in one word, in general, in general, etc.). Language, verse, syllable - everything is interesting in “ Dead souls»
Related information.
tenth of January
Classwork
The concept of a complex sentence
- Understand what a complex sentence is
- Find out which syntactic structures can complicate a sentence
- Develop the ability to distinguish between simple compound and complex sentences
- Review the material studied on the topics " Incomplete sentences", "Types of one-part sentences".
- Sentences in which… For example:….. are called incomplete.
- Missing members can be restored from the context, that is, from...
- Incomplete sentences are found in ... and also in ...
- If the omission of a sentence member (most often a predicate) in oral speech is marked with a pause, then in its place is put ... For example: ...
Simple complicated sentence
A sentence is considered complicated if it contains words, phrases, and constructions highlighted with punctuation (and in oral speech with intonation).
Complicated sentences include:
With homogeneous members.
With separate members.
With input and plug-in structures.
With appeals.
Homogeneous members of the sentence
Highlight homogeneous parts of the sentence, place punctuation marks, draw up sentence diagrams.
1) On the same lilac bush I saw yellow leaves and buds that began to swell.
2) The gander was talking to himself in a hoarse bass voice and picking up spilled seeds.
3) Our culture is strong not only and not so much by figures from the capital, but by residents of the outback.
Special circumstances
Highlight isolated circumstances, explain punctuation marks.
1. Along the hollows, the stars reflecting the pits shine with quiet water.
The cranes, calling to each other, carefully move in a crowd.
And spring in the green grove awaits the dawn with bated breath.
2.And here and there the first yellow leaf spins and flies onto the road.
Separate definitions
Highlight grammatical basics and separate definitions.
1. Only occasionally in a nearby river will it splash with sudden sonority big fish and the coastal reeds will rustle faintly, barely shaken by the oncoming wave.
2. The beautiful snowdrift, sparkling with blue sparks in the sun, darkened.
3.Once I was fishing on a small lake with high steep banks overgrown with tenacious blackberries.
Introductory words and sentences.
Find introductory words in sentences, place punctuation marks
1.Suddenly, to our joy, we saw a large ship on the horizon.
2.This Sunday we might go fishing.
3. Distant lakes are rumored to be rich in fish.
Plug-in structures.
Determine the role of plug-in constructions in sentences.
1. The father lost his usual firmness, and his grief (usually silent) poured out in bitter complaints.
2. And every evening, at the appointed hour (or is it just me dreaming?) the girl’s figure, captured in silks, moves through the foggy window.
3.We walked around the ruin (Asya followed us) and admired the views
Appeals.
Explain punctuation marks when addressing.
1. Moscow! How I love you!
2. I will not forget your works, my dear.
3. Do you really want to leave us, Svetlana Nikolaevna?
4. Friend of my harsh days, my decrepit dove, alone in the wilderness of the pine forests, you have been waiting for me for a long time.
Edit the text
Through the low gates of the city, an ancient wall of cobblestones surrounded it on all sides; even the loopholes had not yet collapsed; we went out into the field and, having walked a hundred paces along the stone fence, stopped in front of a narrow gate. Gagin opened it and led us up the mountain along a steep path. There were grapes growing on the ledges on both sides; the sun had just set, and a thin scarlet light lay on green vines on tall stamens on dry ground dotted entirely with large and small flagstones.
Reflection
1. During the lesson I worked... because...
2. Through my work in class I...
3. The lesson seemed to me...
4.The lesson material was...
5.My mood...
Slide 1
The concept of a complex sentence
The twentieth of January Cool work
Slide 2
Lesson objectives:
Understand what a complex sentence is; Find out what syntactic structures can complicate a sentence; Practice the ability to distinguish between simple complex and complex sentences; Review the material studied on the topics “Incomplete sentences”, “Types of one-part sentences”.
Slide 3
Orthoepic warm-up.
Wholesale, generally, cakes, catalog, beets, contract, water supply, chain, chaos, sorrel, cement, dancer, phenomenon, flyleaf, porcelain, dowry, hunk, pamper, bartender, nap, blinds, cedar, quarter, clog, ring, more beautiful, nettle, whooping cough.
Slide 4
SINGLE SENTENCES
NAME
DEFINITELY PERSONAL
UNDETERMINED PERSONAL
IMPERSONAL
Winter!
Come to visit me!
They came to you.
It's cold outside. I can not sleep. It was getting dark outside.
Slide 5
OFFER -
the basic syntactic unit that contains a complete utterance.
SIMPLE
COMPLEX
Contains one grammatical stem
Contains two or more grammar basics
EXAMPLE:
EXAMPLE:
The hall was decorated with red balloons.
The hall was decorated with red balloons, and green and orange balloons hung from the ceiling of the lobby.
UNCOMPLICATED
COMPLICATED
EXAMPLE:
The building was decorated with red, green and orange balloons.
Slide 6
A sentence is considered complicated if it contains words, phrases, and constructions highlighted with punctuation (and in oral speech with intonation). The proposal can be complicated:
HOMOGENEOUS MEMBERS
SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES
REPEATED WORDS
INTRODUCTORY WORDS, PHRASES, SENTENCES
SEPARATE DEFINITIONS
APPEALS
WITH SEPARATE ADDITIONS
DIRECT SPEECH
AN SEPARATE PARTICLE
INTERJOINT
Slide 7
Slide 8
In distant childhood, we greeted with special joy the cranes returning to their homeland in the spring. (Narrative, non-vocal, simple, two-part, full, extended, complicated by a separate definition, expressed by a participial phrase) Hearing their voices coming from the high sky, we left our games and, raising our heads, looked into the blue heavenly heights . (Analyze the sentence yourself)
Slide 9
Assignment: explain the punctuation marks in this text, determine how simple sentences are complicated.
How often do we scold autumn, calling it a boring, dreary time. Maybe we're right? Our walks become shorter, and the play of light and shadow fades. The facades of the houses, becoming gray, all seem to have the same face. Just recently, two days ago, it was warm, free, good both in the forest and in the field. But into the quiet autumn, full of colors, rains and winds suddenly burst in. However, the gold of autumn has not yet faded. It, having fascinated many artists, continues to warm us on their canvases.
Slide 10
Homework:
Compose an oral monologue on the topic “Complicated sentence”, using the supporting notes compiled during the lesson and the material from §39. Exercise No. 222
The concept of a complex sentence. The complication is semantic and syntactic. The term “complicated sentence” can be considered traditional.
Traditional syntax usually describes different kinds complications, but not determined general concept complicated sentence. And this is completely natural: a complicated sentence could not be defined in general terms, since complication meant very different syntactic phenomena.
Complex sentences included those sentences in which there are relatively independent syntactic structures and phrases: isolated members of the sentence, clarifying members of the sentence, homogeneous members, comparative phrases, introductory words and other introductory components, insertions, addresses and some others. Not last role Punctuation played a role in what was taken into account when classifying a sentence as complicated: if a simple sentence has punctuation marks, then it is complicated.
Numerous works of Prof. played an important role in the development of the theory of complicated sentences. A.F. Priyatkina, on which we will rely in explaining this phenomenon. Full description complicated sentences are contained in the textbook by A.F. Priyatkina “Syntax of a complicated sentence.” - M 1990. First of all, it is necessary to determine the relationship of a complex sentence to syntactic units - to a simple or complex sentence. On the one hand, a complex sentence can be a very complex formation, structurally rich and semantically no less complex than a polypredicative formation.
For example: He, the commissar, had to become on par with Sarychev, if not in personal charm, not in past military merits, not in military talent, but in everything else: integrity, firmness, knowledge of the matter, and finally courage in battle (K. Simonov). The sentence is complicated by homogeneous members with the union “if not, then,” non-union rows of homogeneous members and two explanations: “he, the commissar” and an explanatory construction with the generalizing phrase “everything else.” Another example: On the other hand, despite the constructive and semantic complexity, a complicated sentence is a sentence with one predicative center (in our example, “he should have become level”), the complication occurs within a simple, monopredicative sentence.
Consequently, the question of the relationship of this phenomenon to syntactic units is resolved unambiguously: this sentence is simple, not complex, grammatically polypredicative, the main feature that distinguishes difficult sentence from a simple sentence, in a complicated sentence no. To define a complicated sentence as a special syntactic phenomenon, it is necessary to establish which syntactic aspect the concept of “complication” refers to, which syntactic aspect is meant. There is a semantic complication, i.e. semantic polypropositionality: a sentence is semantically complex if it contains more than one proposition.
Let's compare two examples: 1) Her new dress was noticed by everyone. – 2) Her embarrassment was noticed by everyone.
The first sentence contains one proposition, contained in a predicative construction and a nonverbal extender: “the dress was noticed by everyone” (“noticed” is a predicate, “by everyone” is a subjective actant, “dress” is an objective actant). The second sentence contains two propositions: in addition to the one that is common with the first sentence (concluded in the predicative construction), there is a second one, expressed by the predicate word “embarrassment” and the word form “her” that extends this word: “her embarrassment” - she was embarrassed. Thus, the second sentence is semantically complicated, but there is no formal syntactic complication here; in formal syntactic terms, it is no different from the first sentence.
Let’s compare one more sentence with the above sentences: Embarrassed, she fell silent. There are two propositions in this sentence (“she fell silent”, “embarrassed” - she became embarrassed), i.e. the sentence is semantically complicated, polypropositive, and in addition, there is a formal syntactic complication, which manifests itself in the syntactic relation of additional predication: participial turnover is in a two-way relationship - it relates not only to the predicate (“she fell silent” - why? - embarrassed, because she was embarrassed; the connection of the gerund with the predicate verb is adjacency), but also to the subject, and this relationship is formalized by intonation emphasis.
Another example: There were flowers and gifts on the table.
There is no semantic complication in this sentence; the sentence contains one proposition contained in the predicative core: the predicate “lay”, the subject actant “flowers” (“gifts”), the adverbial actant “on the table.” In formal syntactic terms, this sentence should be considered complicated: there are special syntactic relations here - coordinated, expressed by the coordinating conjunction “and”. Let's look at another example: I don't think you love her. The sentence contains an introductory word that is emphasized by intonation.
Traditionally, sentences with introductory words are considered complicated. Is this really true? What is the introductory word used for? It expresses modal meaning, which relates to the semantic aspect of the utterance, conveying the speaker’s attitude to the content of the utterance (in in this case authorization, the speaker’s presentation of a statement as “his own,” is combined with persuasiveness, an expression of non-categoricality). In the grammatical, formal syntactical aspect, the introductory word “in my opinion” does not play any role.
Thus, the complication of a simple sentence is a syntactic, grammatical phenomenon, and as such it has its own distinctive features. § 1.1.2.
End of work -
This topic belongs to the section:
Complex simple sentence
The concept of intra-series relations 8 § 2. Types of series. Homogeneous members of the sentence. Series with inhomogeneous terms 8 § 3. Explanation and its varieties: actually.. Their relation to complication 14 § 2. Appeal 15 Literature 16 Chapter 1. General issues theories of complicated sentences §..
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“A simple complicated sentence. Sentence with homogeneous members”
1. The concept of complication of a simple sentence
2. The concept of homogeneous members of a sentence
3. Ways to express homogeneity in the coordinating series
4. Semantic relations between homogeneous members and means of their expression
5. Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions
6. Generalizing words with homogeneous terms
7. Syntactic connection of the predicate with homogeneous subjects
1. According to established tradition in textbooks and textbooks According to the syntax, a special section is allocated - the doctrine of a simple sentence, the structure of which is not just common, but complicated. The complication of the structure of a simple sentence occurs due to specific syntactic forms and constructions, which have their own meaning, their own grammatical design, rhythmic and intonation organization and design features. Syntactic forms and constructions that complicate the structure of a simple sentence include: 1) homogeneous members of the sentence; 2) isolated members of the sentence; 3) introductory words, combinations of words and sentences; 4) plug-in structures; 5) appeals .
2. Homogeneous are members of a sentence that perform the same syntactic function, are combined with each other by a coordinating connection and are in the same syntactic relationship with the same member of the sentence. The science And work they give good seedlings(Last.). Artists didn't fly away, A continued speeches.
Homogeneous members of a sentence are syntactically equal, pronounced rhythmically, characterized by enumerative intonation (i.e., they have equal stress on each member of the homogeneous series, equal pauses between homogeneous members) and are combined with each other using coordinating conjunctions or without their participation.
In sentences, homogeneous members are most often expressed by one part of speech, but sometimes they can also be expressed in different parts speech. Cold September, yes full (Episode) . Ant small, and the mountains dripping (Last) . I worked with a light heart, leisurely (M.G.). Such heterogeneity of morphological expression is explained by the fact that one or another member of a sentence may have various ways expressions; for example, a predicate can be expressed not only by a verb, but also by a noun, an adjective, etc.
Homogeneous members of a sentence can be non-common and common, i.e. may have explanatory words with them: Lightening islands And snow-white clouds seemed like one whole. Olesya was neither alive nor dead.
A sentence may have several groups (rows) of homogeneous members: Youth tends to judge ( about false And significant) 1 not based on ( studying And experience) 2 .
Any members of a sentence can be homogeneous: subjects – Adults and children watched this film; predicates – Natalya reluctantly washed my face, combed it hair; definition - The meadow was dotted yellow, blue And red flowers; addition - Cars And airplanes I also need rest; circumstances - I entered the cathedral slowly, quiet.
Homogeneity as a syntactic category usually coincides with the category of logical homogeneity: At this time they were constantly moving along the road. trucks, cars cars, dilapidated carts with belongings. However, to achieve a certain stylistic effect, authors use homogeneous terms to reflect logical heterogeneity: Esaul exalted voice And whip. Freezing And mother they were not allowed to stick their nose out of the house. Shel rain And two students. One is wearing a coat, the other is going to college.
The repetition of the same word cannot be considered as homogeneous members of a sentence, since they are used either for an intensifying purpose, or they emphasize the repetition and duration of the action. Our time will come, our time will come. She has no one, no one.
3. Syntactic homogeneity is expressed in intonation and in coordinating conjunctions.
Compulsory grammatical means expressions of homogeneity is the intonation of enumeration. The same tempo of pronunciation of each member of the series, the same emphasis on each of them.
Coordinating conjunctions are always combined with enumerative intonation, but they themselves, separately, cannot convey homogeneity.
4. Between homogeneous members, 1) connecting, 2) dividing, 3) gradational (comparative), 4) adversative and 5) connecting relations are established.
Connecting relations express the union of equal, equivalent concepts that act as components of one syntactic block. The connecting connection between homogeneous members is expressed using conjunctions and, yes (=and), neither...nor or without unions : Bread and water are heroic food. She was not interested in books, films, trips and friends.
Dividing relations express the union of mutually exclusive or alternating homogeneous members. The semantic connection of dividing relations is expressed with the help of dividing conjunctions or (or), or...or, either, or... either, whether... whether, then... that, not that... not that, either... or : A light breeze woke up and then died down.
Comparative ( gradational) relations express the union of 2 comparable homogeneous members. The semantic connection is expressed using gradational conjunctions: both... and, not only... but also, not so much... as, although and... but, not that (that)... but .
These paired conjunctions are used only with two homogeneous members of the sentence; they form a closed, undivided series. A book is not only your best friend, but also a faithful companion. Insarov's calmness did not so much irritate him as make him grimace.
Nasty relations express the union of two opposite, incompatible, contrasting homogeneous members. The semantic connection of adversative relations is carried out using adversative conjunctions a, but, yes (= but), however, but. . The berry is red, but tastes bitter. Our shelter is small, but calm.
Connection relationships arise when two homogeneous members unite through unions yes and and also , less often And : Davydov, and all members of the board were forced to recognize the value of the project. The sun floods the forest, the field, and also our companions.
5. One of the difficult issues in the theory of homogeneity/heterogeneity of sentence members is the question of homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions.
Connected by the coordinating conjunction “and” and the intonation of the enumeration, the definitions are always homogeneous. Unrelated to each other, definitions can be both homogeneous and heterogeneous. Semantic, morphological and syntactic criteria for distinguishing between homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions are noted.
From semantic from a point of view, homogeneous definitions characterize an object on the one hand, according to any one characteristic (material, color, shape, size, etc.). Red, white, blue balls; round, oval, square tables; cold, sharp wind.
Heterogeneous definitions characterize the subject from different sides, in different relationships, i.e. point to:
a) color and size ( wide, blue scarf),
b) shape and material ( oval wooden boards),
c) quality and location ( beautiful Moscow avenues) and so on.
From morphological from a point of view, homogeneous definitions are characterized by the fact that they are usually expressed either only by qualitative or only by relative adjectives: The relief took on an unclear, blurry character. Heterogeneous ones, as a rule, are expressed by combinations:
1) qualitative and relative adjective (old orchard);
2) qualitative and possessive adjective (narrow fox hole);
3) numeral and adjective (first winter day);
4) pronoun and adjective (my new suit);
5) participle and adjective (falling autumn leaves).
With syntactic from a point of view, homogeneous definitions are characterized by the fact that each of them is directly related to the word being defined and is in the same enumeration relationship to it; between such definitions you can put the conjunction “and”. How beautiful the partridge’s motley, dark, red and light gray feathers are.
If one of the definitions refers to the word being defined, and the other to the entire phrase, such definitions are heterogeneous: The long freight train started moving.
In addition, it should be remembered that the following are always homogeneous:
1) contact isolation definitions: He liked this place, quiet, convenient for contemplation;
2) agreed definitions after a certain word: This girl, timid, in love, poor and simple;
3) definitions expressed as a sequence adjective + participial phrase. There was a large, godforsaken village.
6. Homogeneous members of a sentence may have generalizing words that perform the same syntactic function as homogeneous members, i.e. are the same members of the sentence.
A generalizing word denotes a general typical concept (generic), which combines the members of a sentence into one whole - into a homogeneous series. Generalizing words are pronounced with the intonation of a warning or summary. In the evening twilight they float outside the window villages And villages: Vasilyevka, Kuchino, Mikhailovskoye.
Among generalizing words, the most common are pronouns everything, everything, no one, nothing etc., as well as adverbs everywhere, everywhere. And rain, and fog, and clouds - All it got mixed up. Phrases can serve as generalizing words. The forest is inhabited many animals: tigers, lynxes, bears.
If there are many homogeneous members in a sentence (especially subjects with dependent words), generalizing words are used twice - before and after homogeneous members: All : gloomy morning, vegetation, muddy path, puddles of standing water – All indicated misfortune. The use of a generalizing word always grammatically and intonationally distinguishes a number of homogeneous members of the sentence.
Punctuation marks for generalizing words:
7. The agreement of a predicate with several homogeneous subjects has some features. The predicate has plural form in the following cases:
1. If all homogeneous subjects are in the plural form: Grasshoppers, crickets, bears tightened your music in the grass.
2. If in a homogeneous series the subjects have various shapes numbers, but the one closest to the predicate has a plural form: His thin figure and broad shoulders proved strong build.
Stylistically, it is permissible to state the predicate in the plural form and in a homogeneous series, where all subjects have the singular form: Anxiety and anticipation came through in his every move.
In sentences with homogeneous subjects, the predicate can be in singular form in the following cases:
1. If each subject in a homogeneous series has a singular form. In his eyes noticed either thoughtfulness or fatigue.
2. The predicate agrees in the singular form and gender with the nearest of the subjects, some of which have a plural form. On him was narrow jacket and brand new shoulder straps.