Writing n and nn in different parts. Spelling “N” and “NN” in suffixes

26.09.2019

The topic of the Russian language “Spelling “n” and “nn” in adjectives” is familiar to every schoolchild. However, after graduating from a general education institution, many people begin to forget the most simple rules and commit large number errors while creating any text. In this regard, we decided to remind you of the cases in which the suffixes “n” and “nn” are written in adjectives. You will also be presented with some exceptions to the current rules. They should be remembered.

Definition of part of speech

They call the nominative, which denotes a non-procedural attribute of an object, and also acts in a sentence as a definition or a nominal part of the predicate and answers the following questions: “which?”, “which?”, “which?”, and also “whose?” and “which ones?”

General information

“Spelling “n” and “nn” in adjectives” is a very important topic in the Russian language. After all, without knowledge of such simple rules, it is quite difficult to compose a literate text or even a letter.

It should be especially noted that adjectives can be formed both from nouns and from verbs. Knowing these basics will allow you to better understand how many “n”s you need to write in a given case.

Spelling "n" and "nn" in adjectives derived from nouns

So, let's figure out together in what cases you should use -nn-:

Which adjectives that come from nouns are spelled "n"?

Now you know in what cases the suffixes -NN- are written in adjectives (-ONN-, -ENN-, etc.) if they are formed from nouns. However, this is not enough to compose the text correctly. In this regard, it is necessary to consider the spelling rules of the suffixes -in-, -yan- and -an-:

In adjectives that are derived from nouns using the above suffixes, only 1 letter “n” is always written. Let's give an example: leather (leather), sparrow (sparrow), clay (clay), pigeon (dove), wax (wax), crane (crane), wood (firewood), nightingale (nightingale), etc. However, all rules have your exceptions. IN in this case these are the words “glass”, “wood” and “tin”. They contain 2 letters “nn”, and you should definitely remember them.
In adjectives that are formed without using any suffixes. Let's give an example: green (green). It is also necessary to remember the following words: spicy, rosy, porky, youthful and united.

How many "n"s are there in adjective names that come from adjectives?

2 letters “n” are written if adjective names are formed from adjectives by adding the suffix -enn-, which indicates a greater measure of any attribute. Let's give an example: hefty, tall or wide.

Important notes regarding the rules described

The spelling of “n” and “nn” in adjectives also has the following features:

Spelling "nn" in adjectives and participles derived from verbs

So, 2 letters “n” should be written if:

Adjectives are formed from verbs with prefixes. Moreover, the prefix “non” almost never affects the spelling of “n” or “nn”. Thus, in an adjective with you should not write as many letters “n” as in an adjective without this prefix. Let's give an example: (tied, beveled, built).
If there are suffixes such as -eva- or -ova-. Let's give an example: an organized excursion, an uprooted forest, etc.). The following words are exceptions: chewed And forged. In this case, ov- and ev- are part of the root, and are not suffixes.
If the sentence contains any dependent word (for example, wicker).
If the adjective is formed from a verb that has a perfect form (for example, solved). The exception is the word “wounded”.

Spelling "n" in adjectives derived from verbs

One letter "n" is written in adjectives that are derived from verbs without the use of prefixes. Let's give an example: uncut, knitted. The exceptions are the following words: sacred, slow, unprecedented, unexpected, desired, unheard, unexpected and unexpected.

Letters "n", "nn" in short adjectives

In addition to the full names of adjectives, the Russian language also has short forms. To understand how “n” and “nn” are written in short adjectives, you should remember the rules about full ones. After all, they are the same for both forms.

Here's an example:

Important notes on the material covered

To finally understand how to write adjectives (with “n” or “nn”), you need to consider the following features:

1. Usually the suffixes -yan- and -an- give the meaning “intended for something” or “made of a certain material.” For example: wood, clothes; sandy, clay.

2. To compose a text correctly, you should distinguish between adjectives whose spelling is related to their meaning.

Windy, that is, “with the wind” (windy weather). Wind powered, that is, “powered by the power of the wind” (wind pump). In the phrase “chicken pox” the adjective name is written with 1 letter “n”. This is due to the fact that given word comes from "chickenpox".

Buttered, that is, “soaked in oil” (butter porridge). Oily, that is, “flattering” (oily voice). Butter, that is, “diluted in butter” (butter cookies).

Silver, that is, “subjected to silvering” (silver device). Silver, that is, “made of silver” (silver bottle).

Salty, that is, “containing salt” (salted fish). Solyanoy, that is, “consisting of salt” (salt column).

N and NN in all parts of speech

On our website you can.

1956 rules:

§ 61 Double n is written in the suffixes -enn-, -onn- of adjectives formed from nouns, for example: straw, painful, cranberry, artificial, internal, bucket, peculiar, dining, revolutionary, positional.

Note. In the word windy and in its derivatives one n is written, but in prefix formations it is written -nn- (windless, leeward).

Adjectives with suffix -yan- (-an-), formed from nouns, written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather.

Adjectives wooden, tin, glass written with double n.

A suffix is written with one n -in- in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, as well as in the noun hotel.

§ 62. Double n is written in passive past participles, for example: reports read at a ceremonial meeting; a soldier wounded by an enemy bullet; collective farm, organized in 1930; a detachment reinforced by two companies; deputies elected to the Supreme Council.

§ 63. Double n is written in all adjectives formed from passive past participles (or according to their type), if these adjectives have prefixes or end in -ovanny, -evanny(except chewed and forged), for example: the patient was prescribed enhanced nutrition, a volume of selected works of Pushkin was published, sublime style, inscribed triangle, aged wine, trusted person, temperate climate, refined manners, abstract question, absent-minded student, worn dress, used books, a tear-stained face, a rusty key, a risky step, a spoiled child, an uprooted plot.

But with one n you should write adjectives formed from passive past participles, unless these adjectives have a prefix and are not formed from verbs ending in -ovate, -eat, for example: scientific works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, pickles, soaked apples, boiled potatoes, plain-dyed fabric.

Words desired, sacred, unexpected, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.

§ 64. Double n is written in adverbs with -o and in nouns with suffixes with -ik, -its, -ost, formed from adjectives if the latter are written with two n, for example: accidentally, unheard of, excitedly, excitement (excited); confidently, confidence (confident); education, pupil, pupil (educated); protégé (installed); captive (captive); birthday boy (birthday); sennik (hay); korennik (indigenous); in-law (inherent).

If the adjective has one n, then the adverbs and nouns formed from it are written with one n, for example: confused, confused, confused (confused); learned, learned (scientist); hemp (hemp); silversmith (silversmith). Also with one n are written the words silver (in the meaning of a coin) and bessrebrenik (unselfish person).

§ 65. Double n written in plural. h. and in feminine and neuter gender units. including short adjectives formed from passive past participles, the full form of which is double n, for example: the groups are disciplined and organized, the girl is well-mannered and smart; they are very absent-minded.

Short passive participles are written with one n, for example: broken, broken, broken, broken, the young man was raised as a Komsomol member; the girl is pampered by her upbringing; we are limited by time; The students are organized into a group.

Clear sign

The rule is quite difficult. We do not recommend studying it on your own. It is better if an experienced teacher explains everything. You can learn how to apply this rule in the courses on our website.

Examples

Heat n th onion (verbal adjective in full form: no prefix, dependent word, -ovannann-, -evann-, formed from the verb of non-form).

Zazare NN th bow (participle in full form, there is a prefix).

Heat NN onion in a frying pan (participle in full form, there is a dependent word).

Canned NN th bow (participle in full form, there is a letter combination -ovanne-).

Bow fire n(participle in short form).

Territory limited n and a fence (participle in short form).

These people are immoral and restrictive. NNы (short adjective derived from the participle).

He's more concerned NN o looked at me (adverb from preoccupied).

Society is more concerned n about what is happening (participle in short form).

Silver n th knife (nominal adjective, suffix -YAN-).

Karti NN y gallery (one letter H is in the root, the other is in the suffix).

Celebration NN th meeting (nominal adjective with the suffix -ENN-).

Everything was very festive NN o (adverb from solemn).

What words need to be remembered (here are exceptions + difficult cases).

One letter N is written in the words:

Forgiveness Sunday, uninvited guest, uninvited guest, living room, gift, hotel, living room, gold-forged, imprisoned father, sworn brother, flighty, finished man, dowry, sophisticated, costumed, smart, young, ruddy, drunk, spicy, mad, red, zealous, pork, chewed, forged, pecked, dumpling, hash brown, toiler, martyr, toiler, martyr, silversmith, unmercenary, Shrovetide, bone-dumpling, powder box, alder, confusion, peat bog, length, truth.

Two letters NN are written in the words:

Glass, tin, wooden, nameless, desired, sacred, slow, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected, unforeseen, accidental, desperate, cursed, made, arrogant, minted, cutesy, home-grown, given, decided, purchased, government-issued, captured, abandoned, deprived, offended, embarrassed, executed, finished business, defeated, born, pecked, awake, abandoned.

This note is addressed to those who still have not learned how to determine how many letters n write in one word or another. Or those who reread the rules for the tenth time and cannot understand them. Brew yourself tea, make sandwiches. The conversation will be serious.

How to reduce the likelihood of correct spelling

Easily. Write at random or because it looks so “beautiful”. Or the first and second at the same time.

How to increase the likelihood of correct spelling

Don't be lazy and don't skip any of the points in the algorithm. Only then will you master the skill of determining the number of letters n in a word to the point of automatism.

Aerobatics - determining the quantity n on the go.

You can, but not right away.

Sequence of actions

To begin with, we always determine the part of speech. This must be done according to the question that we ask by the way.

Noun - Who? What?
Adjective - Which?
- Short adjective - what?
Adverb - How?
Communion - Which?
- Short participle - what?
Verbal adjective - Which?

You already have a question: how to distinguish between those parts of speech that answer the same question?

Adjectives and participles

An adjective is formed from a noun, and a participle is formed from a verb.

Long- it's an adjective because it answers a question Which? and derived from the noun length.

Strewn- this is a participle because it answers a question Which? and is derived from the verb put to sleep.

By the way, participles also have characteristic suffixes. In the forms of the present tense: -ush-, -yush-, -ash-, -yash-, -eat-, -om-, -im-. In the past tense forms: -vsh-, -sh-, -in-, -t-, -enn-, -yonn-, -nn-. These suffixes are used as an additional check to see if you have identified the part of speech correctly.

Participles and verbal adjectives

Now we have another problem: both participles and verbal adjectives are formed from a verb. Both answer the question Which?. How to distinguish them?

Firstly, the verbal adjective is formed from an imperfective verb, and the participle is formed from a perfective verb.

How to determine the type of a verb? Easily. If he answers the question what to do?, then the form is imperfect (indicates an unfinished action). If he answers the question what to do?, then the perfect form (denotes a completed action).

Secondly, at verbal adjectives there are no dependent words.

A dependent word is a word to which you can ask a question from the main word.

Try to determine for yourself which of these words is a participle and which is a verbal adjective: a solved problem, a loaded car.

Answer. Solved- participle. Here are all the arguments: it answers the question Which?; derived from the verb decide; this verb is perfect because it answers a question what to do?.

Loaded- verbal adjective. And here's why: answers the question Which?; derived from the verb load; this verb is imperfect because it answers a question what to do?; there are no dependent words.

In order for a verbal adjective to become a participle, it is enough to do one of two things:

Add a dependent word.
A car loaded with people. Loaded by whom?- a person. Now this is a sacrament.
Change the form of the verb.
Loaded car. Derived from the verb download which answers the question what to do? and therefore refers to the perfect form.

Short adjectives and short participles

The sequence of actions is as follows:

Realized that the word answers the question what?.
We think from what full form the word is formed.
We determine the part of speech of the full form (read the differences between adjectives and participles above).

Here is a table for clarity.

Hooray. Now we know which part of speech our word belongs to.

Applying the rules

Look how simple it is once we know the part of speech:

We also write two letters n in participles with suffixes -ova- And -Eve-.

In a word asphalted we write NN, because there is a suffix -ova-.

Make sure that -ova- or -Eve- They were just suffixes. In words forged And chewed there are no such suffixes. They have roots cov- And chew-. These words contain one letter n, because they belong to verbal adjectives.

You also need to remember the words: unexpected, unexpected, seen, unseen, seen, read, heard, unheard, desired. Just remember them.

It remains to deal with adjectives, nouns and adverbs.

In adjectives and nouns we write one n only in one case: if there is a suffix -en-, -yan-, -in-: leather en oh, silver yang oh, chickens in oh, sand en ik. Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

We write in adjectives NN in the following cases:

In suffixes -onn-, -enn-: station onn oh, time enne y.
If a word is formed from a noun whose stem ends in -n: tuma NN y.
Pay attention to the second point special attention. Without it you would write in the word fog one letter n, since there is a suffix -en-. But this word has no suffix -en-! Why? Because -an- is part of the root. The word is formed from a noun fog, the stem of which ends in n. Adjectives are written by analogy pocket, long, citric and many others. Don't forget about this rule.

Words windy, buttery, oil are not adjectives, since they are formed from verbs: wind, oil. Here everything works according to the rules of verbal adjectives and participles. Or just remember that these three words are spelled with the same letter n. In other cases, already with two (wind n oh, no wind NN y).

OK. What about short adjectives?

Everything is simple here: they contain the same number of letters n, how many and in full.

What about adverbs?

It's the same story here. We write the same amount n, how much is in the word from which the adverb is formed.

Slowly- an adverb because it answers a question How?. Derived from an adjective slow. In this adjective we write NN in the suffix -enn-, so we write it the same way in adverbs.

Attention! An adverb can be formed not only from an adjective, but also from other parts of speech. For example, confusing to explain. The logic here is tricky. Adverb confused derived from the word confused, which is a verbal adjective (answers the question Which?; no dependent words; derived from an imperfective verb confuse). Since confused is a verbal adjective, then in it we write one n. And if so, then we write the same amount in the adverb that is derived from it.

A little exercise. Explain the production n-nn in a sentence.

Pickled mushrooms, fried sausage, buttered rye cakes, condensed milk, beef liver, baked potatoes slightly rolled in ashes, and a sip of a drink infused with some outlandish drug will seem tasty on fresh air for the most sophisticated gourmet.

N and NN in all parts of speech

On our website you can.

1956 rules:

Note. In the word windy and in its derivatives one n is written, but in prefix formations it is written -nn- (windless, leeward).

Adjectives with suffix -yan- (-an-), formed from nouns, written with one n, for example: hair, wood, clay, leather.

Adjectives wooden, tin, glass written with double n.

A suffix is written with one n -in- in adjectives, for example: nightingale, chicken, living room, as well as in the noun hotel.

But with one n you should write adjectives formed from passive past participles, unless these adjectives have a prefix and are not formed from verbs ending in -ovate, -eat, for example: scientific works, wounded border guards, torn clothes, smoked sausage, boiled milk, dried fish, slaked lime, pickled cucumbers, soaked apples, boiled potatoes, plain-dyed fabric.

Words desired, sacred, unexpected, unprecedented, unheard of, unexpected and some others, defined in dictionary order, are written with two n.

Clear sign

Examples

Heat n th onion (verbal adjective in full form: no prefix, dependent word, -ovannann-, -evann-, formed from the verb of non-form).

Zazare NN th bow (participle in full form, there is a prefix).

Heat NN onion in a frying pan (participle in full form, there is a dependent word).

Canned NN th bow (participle in full form, there is a letter combination -ovanne-).

Bow fire n(participle in short form).

Territory limited n and a fence (participle in short form).

These people are immoral and restrictive. NNы (short adjective derived from the participle).

He's more concerned NN o looked at me (adverb from preoccupied).

Society is more concerned n about what is happening (participle in short form).

Silver n th knife (nominal adjective, suffix -YAN-).

Karti NN y gallery (one letter H is in the root, the other is in the suffix).

Celebration NN th meeting (nominal adjective with the suffix -ENN-).

Everything was very festive NN o (adverb from solemn).

What words need to be remembered (here are exceptions + difficult cases).

One letter N is written in the words:

Two letters NN are written in the words:

Spelling N and NN in nouns

In derived nouns n or NN written depending on the morphemes with which nouns are formed, or in accordance with the stem from which they are derived.

1. NN is written:

1) if the root of the word ends in n and the suffix begins with n: elder-nick (elderberry), druzhin-nick (druzhina), malin-nick (raspberry), swindler-nick (moshna), aspen-nick (aspen), rowan-nick (rowan); besdorn-nits-a (dowry), besson-nits-a (sleep), zvon-nits-a (ringing), log-nits-a (log);

2) if the noun is formed from an adjective with nn, or from a participle: morbidity (painful), agitation (excited), hryvnia (kryvnia), power of attorney (trusted), cutesy (prissy), spoiled (spoiled), izbn-ik (chosen), exiled (exiled), konn-itsa (horse), korren-ik (indigenous), larch-itsa (deciduous), accident (accidental), education (educated), obshchestven-ik (public), organization ( organized), plenn-ik (captive), possan-ik (sent), privileged-ist (privileged), proizvodstven-ik (productive), millet-ik (millet), craft-ik (craft), sotsanny-ik (related ), sacred-ik (sacred), seminal-ik (seminal), sov-ik (own), sovrem-ik (modern), coherence (agreed), nebula (foggy).

2. N written in words: bagryan-itsa (crimson), varen-ik (boiled), windy-ost, windy-ik, windy-itsa (windy), gostin-itsa (living room), drovyan-ik (wood-burning), konoplyan-ik (hemp) , kopchen-ost (smoked), kostyan-ika (bone), maslen-itsa (oily), wiser-ost (sophisticated), ovsyan-itsa (oatmeal), peat-ik (peaty), smyshlen-ost (smart) and etc., as well as in the words alder-nik, omshan-ik.

Spelling Н and НН in suffixes of denominal adjectives (formed from the name of a noun)

1. Nn is written:

1) for adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -enn-, -onn-: artificial, cranberry, straw, operating, session, station etc.; This also includes adjectives formed from nouns ending in mya (time, flame, etc.): temporary, fiery, seed, nominal, tribal etc.

In an adjective windy one is written n , since it is formed not from the noun wind, but from the verb wind using a suffix -n- , which does not contradict the spelling rule n in verbal adjectives: weathered, weathered, windswept- formed from verbs;

2) for adjectives formed from adjectives using a suffix -enn-, indicating a large measure of a sign: tall, hefty, wide and others;

3) for adjectives formed from nouns with base on n(second -n- adjective suffix): long (length), true (truth), millionth (million), ancient (antique), canvas (canvas) etc.

Adjectives like mutton, carp, seal are written with one n , since they are formed from nouns with a stem in n by adding a suffix -j- .

Words spicy, rosy, youthful written with one n (non-derivative adjectives); in words derived from them, one n is also written: spice, ruddy, blush, youth(But: youth, since this word is formed from the combination young naturalist).

2. N is written on adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -in-, -an-, -yang- : pigeon(pigeon), goose(goose), chicken, eagle, swan, leather(leather), sandy(sand), cereous(wax), linen(canvas), silver, wood-burning etc.

Exceptions: glass, tin, wood.

It is necessary to distinguish between adjectives, the spelling of which depends on their meaning:

A) windy- “accompanied by the wind, with the wind” (windy weather), “frivolous” - transl. (fickle girl, youth); wind- “powered by the force of the wind” (wind engine, pump, mill); in combination chickenpox the adjective is written with a suffix -yan- , cf.: chickenpox- decomposition;

b) buttery- “soaked in oil, lubricated, stained with oil” ( butter pancakes, porridge, hands), trans. ( oily eyes, oily voice, also: Shrovetide week - Maslenitsa); oil- “for oil, from oil, in oil” ( butter cookies, oil paint, oil engine, pump etc.); compare: oil bottle(“intended for oil”) and buttery bottle(“stained with oil”);

V) silver- “subjected to silvering, covered with silver” (silver spoon); silver- “made of silver” (silver spoon);

G) salty- “containing salt” (salted fish); salt- “consisting of salt” ( salt mine, salt pillar). In combination salt acid is written as a suffix on the adjective -yan- .

Spelling N and NN in verbal adjectives and participles

Full forms

Written with NN suffixes of full forms of passive past participles: -nn- And -yonn- (-enn- ). Adjectives correlative to them in form are written in some cases also with NN in a suffix, in others - with one n .

1. Written with NN participles and adjectives -ovanny, -evanny, -evanny(formed from verbs in -ow, -eat), For example: pampered, uprooted, lined, painted, organized; uprooted, spoiled, painted over, lined, reorganized.

2. Also written with NN communion not on -ovated(-evanny, – evanny) verbs perfect form and correlative adjectives; the vast majority of such verbs contain a prefix.

a) Examples of forms formed from prefixed verbs: bleached, washed, knitted, fried, written on, dyed, peeled, scolded, dyed, counted, unraveled, made.

b) A list of forms of native verbs without prefixes, as well as some verbs in which the prefix can only be distinguished etymologically: abandoned, given, finished, bought, deprived, captured, forgiven, abandoned, decided, captured, revealed; met, started, offended, acquired, obliged, visited, supplied.

Forms are also written according to this rule. two-species(having the meaning of both perfective and imperfective forms) verbs to marry, bequeath, promise, execute, give birth: married, bequeathed, promised, executed, born.

Exceptions. Are written with one n adjectives correlative with participial forms in the following stable combinations: finished man, named brother, named sister, imprisoned father, imprisoned mother, Forgiveness Sunday .

3. Participles are not on -ovated(-evanny, -evanny) verbs imperfect form(they are formed only from prefixless verbs) and the adjectives correlative with them are written differently: participles with NN , adjectives – with one n , For example: carts loaded with firewood, fish fried in oil, an oil painting, hair cut by a barber And short-cropped hair, green-painted benches, a floor that has not been swept for a long time, walls that have not yet been whitewashed, money that has been counted more than once, an offer made many times; But: loaded barge, fried fish, written beauty, cut hair, painted benches, swept floor, whitewashed walls, a few minutes, feigned indifference; similarly knitted And knitted, ironed And ironed, woven And braided, brushed And cleaned; also written: chewed And chewed, pecked And pecking, forged And forged.

According to this rule, forms of two-type verbs are written concuss, baptize And injure. Wed: a shell-shocked soldier, a seriously wounded soldier, a soldier wounded in the leg, a newly baptized baby, But: shell-shocked commander, wounded soldier, baptized child.

As can be seen from the examples, the participle is recognized by the presence of dependent words. There are, however, rare cases when the dependent word is not a sign of the participle. For example, you should write: his mustache is clearly dyed(obviously artificial, where is the word obviously used with an adjective); the walls, previously whitewashed, are now covered with green paint(walls that used to be white).

In words with the prefix not-, in compound words and in some combinations? repetitions, the forms of participles and adjectives are written in the same way as in a separate (without a prefix and not as part of a compound word or repetition combination) use .

Examples:

1. Words with a prefix Not- :

Written with NN : uneducated, unlined, untested, unfinished, unbought, unforgiven ;

Written with n : unbleached, unironed, uninvited, unforged, unfed, unpainted, unmeasured, unpaved, unplowed, uninvited, uncounted.

2. Difficult words:

Written with NN : highly qualified, fully stamped, acquired, freshly painted, purposeful, born blind, insane;

Written with n : plain dyed, homespun, finely crushed, impostor, seriously wounded, whole-cut .

3. Repeat combinations with a prefix re- in the second part, having an intensifying meaning. In them, the second part is written in the same way as the first (with NN or n ), For example:

Written with NN : mortgaged-remortgaged, resolved-resolved ;

Written with n : patched-re-patched, washed-re-washed, mended-re-fixed, read-re-read, darned-re-darned.

Exceptions. Written with NN instead of n :

a) adjectives desired, awaited and (as part of stable combinations) has it been seen before?; Is it unheard of? They are formed from imperfect verbs wish, wait And see, hear .

Special cases: adjectives put on flooded sea; they are formed from prefixed imperfective verbs put on, pour out, i.e. from verbs with a suffix - va- , which do not naturally form passive past participles;

b) adjectives with a prefix not-: unknown, unseen, unforeseen, unwanted, unexpected, unexpected, unexpected, unheard of, unexpected and (as part of a stable combination) watchful eye;

c) compound adjectives long-awaited, home-grown and (consisting of own name) Andrew the First-Called.

The second parts of these prefixed and compound adjectives also correspond to imperfective verbs.

Short forms

Short forms of passive past participles are written with one n , For example: read, read, read, read; read, read, read, read; tagged, tagged, tagged, tagged; marked, marked, marked, marked. Neuter forms are also written in impersonal use, for example: smoked, polluted, driven, walked, driven-crossed, walked-crossed .

Short forms (except for the form masculine) adjectives with a qualitative meaning, coinciding in form with the passive participles of the past tense of perfective verbs, written with nn , For example: brought up, brought up, brought up(from adjective well-mannered‘discovering results’ good upbringing’); spoiled, spoiled, spoiled(from adjective spoiled‘accustomed to fulfilling one’s whims’); sublime, sublime, sublime(from adjective exalted'full high content'). Such adjectives have comparative forms: more educated, more spoiled, more elevated.

Compare in pairs following examples with short forms of participles and adjectives: She was raised by a distant relative . – She has good manners and is well-mannered. She's spoiled good conditions – She is capricious and spoiled.

Short forms of adjectives na-ny are written with one n , if these adjectives require dependent words and do not have a comparative form. Examples: attached to someone‘attached’ – She is very attached to him; full of something‘full, imbued’ – The soul is filled with sadness; heard about something‘well-informed’ – We've heard a lot about his tricks.

Some adjectives have different meanings short forms spelled differently. For example, different spelling short forms of the word devotee: She is kind and loyal And She's dedicated. In the first example devoted- same adjective as educated, spoiled, sublime, it has a comparative degree more faithful; in the second - the same as attached, fulfilled, heard(requires dependent words: to anyone, anything).

Short forms of adjectives, expressing different emotional states, can be written with n or with NN depending on the conveyed shades of meaning. For example: She's excited(she feels nervous) – Her speech is excited(her speech reveals, expresses excitement). In the first case, it is also possible to write excited(which would emphasize that her appearance expresses excitement), and in the second case the writing excited impossible (since speech cannot ‘experience excitement’).

In difficult cases of distinguishing such short forms, one should refer to the academic “Russian Spelling Dictionary”.

Short forms of complex adjectives, the second parts of which coincide with the participles on -ny, written with n or NN depending on the value. Adjectives expressing characteristics that can be manifested to a greater or lesser extent, i.e. forming comparative forms, have short forms (except for the masculine form) with NN ; adjectives that do not allow comparative forms in meaning have short forms with one n , For example:

well-mannered, -no, -nny; landscaped, -no, -nny; self-confident, -no, -nny; purposeful, -no, -nny; purposeful, -no, -nny(there are comparative forms more well-mannered, more comfortable, more self-confident, more purposeful, more purposeful);

interconnected, -but, -us; interdependent, -but, -us; generally recognized, -but, -us; contraindicated, -but, -we(no forms of comparative degree).

Short forms of adjectives with qualitative meaning, full forms which are transmitted in writing with one n , are written in the same way as complete ones. For example: done, done, done(from made‘unnatural, forced’); prostitute, confused, prostitutes(from confused‘illogical, confusing’); scientist, scientist, scientists(from scientist‘knowing something thoroughly’). Comparative forms are also written ( more elaborate, more confused, more learned) and adverbs -O(done, confused, learned).

Such adjectives are few in number; the vast majority of adjectives correlative with participles -ny have no qualitative significance; these are boiled, boiled, soaked, dried, chiseled etc.

SPELLING N-NN IN ADVERB SUFFIXES

Adverbs on -O , formed from adjectives and passive participles, are written with double n or one n - depending on how the corresponding adjective or participle is written.

For example:

Written with NN : unexpected, unheard of(from unexpected, unheard of), excitedly, excitement(excited), confident;

Written with n : confusing(talks confusedly), confusion, confusion(from confused), learned(very learnedly expressed),windy(It's windy outside today).